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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gunla_bajan_performance.jpg/200px-Gunla_bajan_performance.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gunla_bajan_performance.jpg/300px-Gunla_bajan_performance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Gunla_bajan_performance.jpg/400px-Gunla_bajan_performance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Kansakar Gunla Bajan band performing at Kathmandu Durbar Square.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kel_tol_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Kel_tol_sign.jpg/200px-Kel_tol_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Kel_tol_sign.jpg/300px-Kel_tol_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Kel_tol_sign.jpg/400px-Kel_tol_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Kel Tol road sign</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kansakār</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <span lang="ne">कंसाकार</span>) or <b>Kasāh</b> (कसाः) is a Nepalese caste group belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Newar" class="mw-redirect" title="Newar">Newar</a> community of the <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley" title="Kathmandu Valley">Kathmandu Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, Kansakar means bronze worker, and their traditional occupation has been metal working and trading.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, they are merchants, industrialists and professionals. </p><p>They are part of the <a href="/wiki/Uray_(caste_group)" title="Uray (caste group)">Urāy</a> (उराय्) group which includes <a href="/wiki/Tuladhar" title="Tuladhar">Tuladhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamrakar" title="Tamrakar">Tamrakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sthapit" title="Sthapit">Sthapit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bania_(Newar_caste)" title="Bania (Newar caste)">Bania</a>, Sindurakar, Selalik and other castes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Urāy are a community of high-caste Buddhist merchants, and their family names indicate artisan and mercantile specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their religion is <a href="/wiki/Newar_Buddhism" title="Newar Buddhism">Newar Buddhism</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mother tongue <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal Bhasa">Nepal Bhasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kansakars have been traditionally based in Kel Tol in the historical section of <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> where they play a major cultural role. The neighborhood is famed for the sacred courtyard of Jana Baha (Machhendra Bahal) where the central temple houses an image of Aryavalokitesvara (Sacred <a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> deity popularly known as Jana Baha Dyah or White Machhendranath<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (alternative name: White Karunamaya).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_occupation">Traditional occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Traditional occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the division of labour laid down from ancient times, Kansakars practiced the hereditary occupation of making utensils of bronze. Kitchen and ritual vessels, various types of dinner plates and cymbals are their main products. A dinner plate with a grooved border known as <i>siphala dema</i> (सिफाला देमा) is their specialty. Bronze is made in their workshops by melting copper and tin and mixing them in a charcoal-fired furnace.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They were also major players in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> trade, and maintained business houses in <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a> in Tibet and in <a href="/wiki/Kalimpong" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_life">Cultural life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultural life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kansakars participate in the annual chariot procession of <a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Aryavalokitesvara</a> which is known as <a href="/wiki/Jana_Baha_Dyah_Jatra" title="Jana Baha Dyah Jatra">Jana Baha Dyah Jatra</a> by playing long horns. The Kansakar <a href="/wiki/Gunla_Bajan" title="Gunla Bajan">Gunla Bajan</a> musical band organizes performances of religious music during the whole month of Gunla and other festivals. </p><p>The 12-yearly <a href="/wiki/Samyak" title="Samyak">Samyak</a> is the most spectacular Newar Buddhist festival held in Kathmandu where statues of <a href="/wiki/Dipankara_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipankara Buddha">Dipankara Buddha</a> are displayed. Each Urāy caste has been assigned a duty in the festival from ancient times, and Kansakars have the task of preparing and serving five types of foods.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kansakars participate in the <a href="/wiki/Kumha_Pyakhan_dance" title="Kumha Pyakhan dance">Kumha Pyakhan dance</a> (also known as Kumar Pyakhan) which is held annually during the <a href="/wiki/Mohani" title="Mohani">Mohani</a> festival in October on the open-air dance platform at Asan and at Kathmandu <a href="/wiki/Durbar_Square" title="Durbar Square">Durbar Square</a>. A young Tuladhar or Kansakar boy is chosen to be the dancer.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Kansakars">Notable Kansakars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable Kansakars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaju_Ratna_Kansakar" title="Bhaju Ratna Kansakar">Bhaju Ratna Kansakar</a> (1882-1956), trader and philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Bir_Singh_Kansakar" title="Daya Bir Singh Kansakar">Daya Bir Singh Kansakar</a> (1911-2001), social worker</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyan_Jyoti_Kansakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyan Jyoti Kansakar (page does not exist)">Gyan Jyoti Kansakar</a> (1921-2004), President of the International Buddhist Meditation Center,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trader, benefactor and industrialist</li> <li>Maniharsha Jyoti (1917-1993), trader and industrialist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Bahadur_Kansakar" title="Prem Bahadur Kansakar">Prem Bahadur Kansakar</a> (1918-1991), freedom fighter, author and language activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyabati_Kansakar" title="Vidyabati Kansakar">Vidyabati Kansakar</a> (1906-1976), pioneer of nursing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogbir_Singh_Kansakar" title="Yogbir Singh Kansakar">Yogbir Singh Kansakar</a> (1885-1942), poet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Newar_(trans-Himalayan_traders)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa Newar (trans-Himalayan traders)">Lhasa Newar (trans-Himalayan traders)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunla_Bajan" title="Gunla Bajan">Gunla Bajan</a> music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumha_Pyakhan_dance" title="Kumha Pyakhan dance">Kumha Pyakhan dance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLewis1995" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Todd T. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/tlewis/PDFs/Buddhist_Merchants_in_Kathmandu.pdf">"Buddhist Merchants in Kathmandu: The Asan Twah Market and Uray Social Organization"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Contested Hierarchies</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contested+Hierarchies&rft.atitle=Buddhist+Merchants+in+Kathmandu%3A+The+Asan+Twah+Market+and+Uray+Social+Organization&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Todd+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollege.holycross.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ftlewis%2FPDFs%2FBuddhist_Merchants_in_Kathmandu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1877" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Daniel (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/HistoryOfNepal/HistoryOfNepaldanielWright_djvu.txt">"History of Nepal with an Introductory Sketch of the Country and People of Nepal"</a>. Cambridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Nepal+with+an+Introductory+Sketch+of+the+Country+and+People+of+Nepal&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FHistoryOfNepal%2FHistoryOfNepaldanielWright_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1996" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Todd T. (January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/contributions/CNAS_23_01_08.pdf">"Notes on the Uray and the Modernization of Newar Buddhism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Contributions to Nepalese Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+Nepalese+Studies&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Uray+and+the+Modernization+of+Newar+Buddhism&rft.date=1996-01&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Todd+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thlib.org%2Fstatic%2Freprints%2Fcontributions%2FCNAS_23_01_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1995" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Todd T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contested+Hierarchies&rft.atitle=Buddhist+Merchants+in+Kathmandu%3A+The+Asan+Twah+Market+and+Uray+Social+Organization&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Todd+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollege.holycross.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ftlewis%2FPDFs%2FBuddhist_Merchants_in_Kathmandu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke2008" class="citation web cs1">Locke, John K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324221525/http://www.niem.com.np/newararticles/unique_features.htm">"Unique Features of Newar Buddhism"</a>. Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niem.com.np/newararticles/unique_features.htm">the original</a> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unique+Features+of+Newar+Buddhism&rft.pub=Nagarjuna+Institute+of+Exact+Methods&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Locke&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niem.com.np%2Fnewararticles%2Funique_features.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Todd T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buddhim.20m.com/8-4.htm/">"Buddhism, Himalayan Trade, and Newar Merchants"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Buddhism%2C+Himalayan+Trade%2C+and+Newar+Merchants&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Todd+T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuddhim.20m.com%2F8-4.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke,_S.J." class="citation web cs1">Locke, S.J., John K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/54318635/1John-Locke-Newar-Buddhist-Initiation-Rites">"Newar Buddhist Initiation Rites"</a>. <i>INAS Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INAS+Journal&rft.atitle=Newar+Buddhist+Initiation+Rites&rft.aulast=Locke%2C+S.J.&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F54318635%2F1John-Locke-Newar-Buddhist-Initiation-Rites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshizaki2006" class="citation web cs1">Yoshizaki, Kazumi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/30857088/Yoshizaki-Kazumi-NewarBuddhism">"The Kathmandu Valley as a Water Pot: Abstracts of research papers on Newar Buddhism in Nepal"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kathmandu+Valley+as+a+Water+Pot%3A+Abstracts+of+research+papers+on+Newar+Buddhism+in+Nepal&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Yoshizaki&rft.aufirst=Kazumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F30857088%2FYoshizaki-Kazumi-NewarBuddhism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasāh2003" class="citation news cs1">Kasāh, Dev Ratna (26 July 2003). 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(1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/tlewis/PDFs/Buddhist_Merchants_in_Kathmandu.pdf">"Buddhist Merchants in Kathmandu: The Asan Twah Market and Uray Social Organization"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Contested Hierarchies</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contested+Hierarchies&rft.atitle=Buddhist+Merchants+in+Kathmandu%3A+The+Asan+Twah+Market+and+Uray+Social+Organization&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Todd+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollege.holycross.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ftlewis%2FPDFs%2FBuddhist_Merchants_in_Kathmandu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Pages 51-52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoek,_Bert_van_denShrestha,_Balgopal1992" class="citation news cs1">Hoek, Bert van den; Shrestha, Balgopal (July 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/contributions/CNAS_19_02_03.pdf">"Guardians of the Royal Goddess: Daitya and Kumar as the Protectors of Taleju Bhavani of Kathmandu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CNAS Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNAS+Journal&rft.atitle=Guardians+of+the+Royal+Goddess%3A+Daitya+and+Kumar+as+the+Protectors+of+Taleju+Bhavani+of+Kathmandu&rft.date=1992-07&rft.au=Hoek%2C+Bert+van+den&rft.au=Shrestha%2C+Balgopal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thlib.org%2Fstatic%2Freprints%2Fcontributions%2FCNAS_19_02_03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1996" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Todd T. (January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/contributions/CNAS_23_01_08.pdf">"Notes on the Uray and the Modernization of Newar Buddhism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Contributions to Nepalese Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+Nepalese+Studies&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Uray+and+the+Modernization+of+Newar+Buddhism&rft.date=1996-01&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Todd+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thlib.org%2Fstatic%2Freprints%2Fcontributions%2FCNAS_23_01_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span> Page 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyan_Jyoti_Kansakar1997" class="citation journal cs1">Gyan Jyoti Kansakar (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblmdkz.ru/articles/j3_4.html">"Culture of Health expands horizons"</a>. <i>To Health Via Culture</i> (3): 14–19. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0204-3440">0204-3440</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301065344/https://biblmdkz.ru/articles/j3_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=To+Health+Via+Culture&rft.atitle=Culture+of+Health+expands+horizons&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=14-19&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0204-3440&rft.au=Gyan+Jyoti+Kansakar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblmdkz.ru%2Farticles%2Fj3_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKansakar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&oldid=1252759600">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kansakar&oldid=1252759600</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newar" title="Category:Newar">Newar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Kathmandu" title="Category:People from Kathmandu">People from Kathmandu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_groups_of_Nepal" title="Category:Social groups of Nepal">Social groups of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newar_caste_system" title="Category:Newar caste system">Newar caste system</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newari-language_surnames" title="Category:Newari-language surnames">Newari-language surnames</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Surnames_of_Nepalese_origin" title="Category:Surnames of Nepalese origin">Surnames of Nepalese origin</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Nepali_(macrolanguage)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text">Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 20:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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