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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American dramatist</div> <p><b>Christopher Trumbo</b> (September 25, 1940 – January 8, 2011) was an American television writer, screenwriter and playwright. Trumbo was considered an expert on the <a href="/wiki/McCarthy-era" class="mw-redirect" title="McCarthy-era">McCarthy-era</a> <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood blacklist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a>, was blacklisted by Hollywood for nearly a decade for refusing to testify to Congress, as one of a group known as <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist#The_Hollywood_Ten_and_other_1947_blacklistees" title="Hollywood blacklist">The Hollywood Ten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Trumbo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trumbo was born on September 25, 1940, to Dalton and Cleo Trumbo, in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, where he was also raised.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trumbo was seven years old when his father was called before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father spent ten months in prison before being released in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family moved to <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> to share a place with the screenwriter Hugo Butler, who was also blacklisted, and his family.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Trumbos returned to California after two years in Mexico and settled in <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Park, California">Highland Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trumbo graduated from <a href="/wiki/Franklin_High_School_(Los_Angeles,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin High School (Los Angeles, California)">Franklin High School</a> in the Highland Park neighborhood of Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. He took a year off from Columbia to work as an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">assistant director</a> on the 1960 film <i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(1960_film)" title="Exodus (1960 film)">Exodus</a></i>, adapted from the novel written by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Uris" title="Leon Uris">Leon Uris</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">screenplay</a> was written by his father, Dalton Trumbo, and the film was directed by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trumbo received a bachelor's degree from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia College (New York)">Columbia College</a> in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Trumbo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trumbo began working as a television and film screenwriter in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trumbo co-wrote the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Don_Is_Dead" title="The Don Is Dead">The Don Is Dead</a></i> (1973), starring <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a>, as well as the John Wayne film <i><a href="/wiki/Brannigan_(film)" title="Brannigan (film)">Brannigan</a></i> (1975). In 1974, he was the co-creator with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Butler_(screenwriter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Butler (screenwriter) (page does not exist)">Michael Butler</a> of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> police drama <i><a href="/wiki/Nakia_(TV_series)" title="Nakia (TV series)">Nakia</a></i>, and he also wrote for the series. In 1978, Trumbo wrote the television film <i><a href="/wiki/Ishi:_The_Last_of_His_Tribe" title="Ishi: The Last of His Tribe">Ishi: The Last of His Tribe</a></i>, in which he co-credited his father, who died in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trumbo's other credits included television episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Crest" title="Falcon Crest">Falcon Crest</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ironside_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironside (TV series)">Ironside</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_M.E." title="Quincy, M.E.">Quincy, M.E.</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trumbo wrote a play based on his father's blacklist-era letters, called <i>Trumbo: Red, White and Blacklisted</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play, which focuses on Dalton Trumbo's blacklist experience through his personal letters, was adapted as an off-Broadway production directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Askin" title="Peter Askin">Peter Askin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Askin's <i>Trumbo: Red, White and Blacklisted</i>, which starred <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> as Dalton Trumbo and Gordon MacDonald as the narrator, opened at the <a href="/wiki/Westside_Theatre" title="Westside Theatre">Westside Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production ran for approximately one year.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lane departed the production and several well-known actors took on the role of Dalton Trumbo, including <a href="/wiki/Chris_Cooper" title="Chris Cooper">Chris Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Irwin" title="Bill Irwin">Bill Irwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dennehy later starred in a national tour of the play.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christopher Trumbo and Peter Askins collaborated to create the film <i><a href="/wiki/Trumbo_(2007_film)" title="Trumbo (2007 film)">Trumbo</a></i> (2007), which was also based on Dalton Trumbo's letters.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film combined documentary footage with performances by Nathan Lane, Brian Dennehy, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trumbo was considered an expert on the Hollywood blacklist era. He was often cited in books and appeared in documentaries concerning the subject, including the seven-part <i><a href="/wiki/Moguls_and_Movie_Stars" title="Moguls and Movie Stars">Moguls and Movie Stars</a></i>, which aired on <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trumbo was writing a history of the Hollywood blacklist at the time of his death in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Trumbo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trumbo died of cancer in hospice care at his home in <a href="/wiki/Ojai,_California" title="Ojai, California">Ojai, California</a>, on January 8, 2011, at the age of 70, the same age at which his father died.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was survived by his wife, Nancy Escher; his sisters, Nikola Trumbo and Mitzi Trumbo.<sup id="cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before he died, he requested that his father receive full credit for his work on <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Holiday" title="Roman Holiday">Roman Holiday</a>,</i> which won an Oscar. On December 19, 2011, the Writers Guild credited Dalton Trumbo with the screenplay posthumously.<sup id="cite_ref-kpcc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kpcc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes-verrier_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-verrier-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Trumbo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-latimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcLellan2011" class="citation news cs1">McLellan, Dennis (2011-01-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-christopher-trumbo-20110112-story.html">"Christopher Trumbo dies at 70; screen and TV writer whose father was blacklisted"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Christopher+Trumbo+dies+at+70%3B+screen+and+TV+writer+whose+father+was+blacklisted&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-christopher-trumbo-20110112-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Trumbo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-venturabreeze-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturabreeze_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206123138/http://ventura.edhat.com/site/tidbit.cfm?nid=47312">"Local Screenwriter Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventura_Breeze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventura Breeze (page does not exist)">Ventura Breeze</a></i>. 2011-01-20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ventura.edhat.com/site/tidbit.cfm?nid=47312">the original</a> on 2011-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ventura+Breeze&rft.atitle=Local+Screenwriter+Dies&rft.date=2011-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fventura.edhat.com%2Fsite%2Ftidbit.cfm%3Fnid%3D47312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Trumbo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/jan04/quads5.html">"ALUMNI NEWS"</a>. <i>Columbia College Today</i>. January 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+College+Today&rft.atitle=ALUMNI+NEWS&rft.date=2004-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.college.columbia.edu%2Fcct_archive%2Fjan04%2Fquads5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Trumbo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kpcc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kpcc_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheryl_Devall2011" class="citation news cs1">Cheryl Devall, Paige Osburn (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scpr.org/news/2011/12/19/30417/blacklisted-writer-gets-credit-restored-oscar-winn/">"Blacklisted writer gets credit restored after 60 years for Oscar-winning film"</a>. <i>89.3 KPCC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=89.3+KPCC&rft.atitle=Blacklisted+writer+gets+credit+restored+after+60+years+for+Oscar-winning+film&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Cheryl+Devall&rft.aufirst=Paige+Osburn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scpr.org%2Fnews%2F2011%2F12%2F19%2F30417%2Fblacklisted-writer-gets-credit-restored-oscar-winn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Trumbo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-verrier-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimes-verrier_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerrier2011" class="citation news cs1">Verrier, Richard (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/12/writers-guild-restores-screenplay-credit-to-trumbo-for-roman-holiday.html">"Writers Guild restores screenplay credit to Trumbo for 'Roman Holiday'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Writers+Guild+restores+screenplay+credit+to+Trumbo+for+%27Roman+Holiday%27&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Verrier&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fentertainmentnewsbuzz%2F2011%2F12%2Fwriters-guild-restores-screenplay-credit-to-trumbo-for-roman-holiday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Trumbo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Trumbo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Road_Gang" title="Road Gang">Road Gang</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Begins_at_20" title="Love Begins at 20">Love Begins at 20</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Playground_(1937_film)" title="Devil's Playground (1937 film)">Devil's Playground</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fugitives_for_a_Night" title="Fugitives for a Night">Fugitives for a Night</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_to_Remember" title="A Man to Remember">A Man to Remember</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Came_Back" title="Five Came Back">Five Came Back</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_with_a_Barbed_Wire_Fence" title="Heaven with a Barbed Wire Fence">Heaven with a Barbed Wire Fence</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Irishman" title="The Flying Irishman">The Flying Irishman</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtain_Call_(1940_film)" title="Curtain Call (1940 film)">Curtain Call</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bill_of_Divorcement_(1940_film)" title="A Bill of Divorcement (1940 film)">A Bill of Divorcement</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Foyle_(film)" title="Kitty Foyle (film)">Kitty Foyle</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lone_Wolf_Strikes" title="The Lone Wolf Strikes">The Lone Wolf Strikes</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Who_Are_Young" title="We Who Are Young">We Who Are Young</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Belong_to_Me_(1941_film)" title="You Belong to Me (1941 film)">You Belong to Me</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remarkable_Andrew" title="The Remarkable Andrew">The Remarkable Andrew</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tender_Comrade" title="Tender Comrade">Tender Comrade</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guy_Named_Joe" title="A Guy Named Joe">A Guy Named Joe</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Seconds_Over_Tokyo" title="Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo">Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Vines_Have_Tender_Grapes" title="Our Vines Have Tender Grapes">Our Vines Have Tender Grapes</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Crazy" title="Gun Crazy">Gun Crazy</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/He_Ran_All_the_Way" title="He Ran All the Way">He Ran All the Way</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rocketship_X-M" title="Rocketship X-M">Rocketship X-M</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prowler_(1951_film)" title="The Prowler (1951 film)">The Prowler</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Holiday" title="Roman Holiday">Roman Holiday</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Story" title="Carnival Story">Carnival Story</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Were_So_Young" title="They Were So Young">They Were So Young</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Court-Martial_of_Billy_Mitchell" title="The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell">The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boss_(1956_film)" title="The Boss (1956 film)">The Boss</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Brave_One_(1956_film)" title="The Brave One (1956 film)">The Brave One</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deerslayer_(1957_film)" title="The Deerslayer (1957 film)">The Deerslayer</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Green-Eyed_Blonde" title="The Green-Eyed Blonde">The Green-Eyed Blonde</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(film)" title="From the Earth to the Moon (film)">From the Earth to the Moon</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_(1958_film)" title="Cowboy (1958 film)">Cowboy</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(1960_film)" title="Exodus (1960 film)">Exodus</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Sunset_(film)" title="The Last Sunset (film)">The Last Sunset</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Town_Without_Pity" title="Town Without Pity">Town Without Pity</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Are_the_Brave" title="Lonely Are the Brave">Lonely Are the Brave</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sandpiper" title="The Sandpiper">The Sandpiper</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(1966_film)" title="Hawaii (1966 film)">Hawaii</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(1968_film)" title="The Fixer (1968 film)">The Fixer</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horsemen_(1971_film)" title="The Horsemen (1971 film)">The Horsemen</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F.T.A." title="F.T.A.">F.T.A.</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Executive_Action_(film)" title="Executive Action (film)">Executive Action</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papillon_(1973_film)" title="Papillon (1973 film)">Papillon</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishi:_The_Last_of_His_Tribe" title="Ishi: The Last of His Tribe">Ishi: The Last of His Tribe</a></i> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplay/Directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Got_His_Gun_(film)" title="Johnny Got His Gun (film)">Johnny Got His Gun</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(Trumbo_novel)" title="Eclipse (Trumbo novel)">Eclipse</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Got_His_Gun" title="Johnny Got His Gun">Johnny Got His Gun</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Aurochs" title="Night of the Aurochs">Night of the Aurochs</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(1987_film)" title="Roman Holiday (1987 film)">Roman Holiday</a></i> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Ten" title="The Hollywood Ten">The Hollywood Ten</a></i> (1950 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_Trial" title="Hollywood on Trial">Hollywood on Trial</a></i> (1976 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trumbo_(2007_film)" title="Trumbo (2007 film)">Trumbo</a></i> (2007 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trumbo_(2015_film)" title="Trumbo (2015 film)">Trumbo</a></i> (2015 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Trumbo</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood blacklist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cortes_(miniseries)" title="Cortes (miniseries)">Cortes</a></i> (unproduced miniseries, based on Trumbo's screenplay <i>Montezuma</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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