EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement: Key Provisions and Implications for FDI

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"3283726c53",applicationID:"2874630"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},g={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function m(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);g[e]=(0,l.a)(t,f());const r=(0,u.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=g[e])}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var r=m(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>d});var n=r(122),i=r(384),o=r(154),a=r(324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},l={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(l[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(l[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=l[e])}},324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.2",i="PROD",o="CDN"},154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>l,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>u});var n=r(836),i=r(606),o=r(860),a=r(646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};l(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function d(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(l(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(990),o=r(371),a=r(646),s=r(607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},l={},d=!1;try{d=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=m(e),l=c.length,d=0;d<l;d++)c[d].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:h,listeners:m,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:d?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:d};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=m(e).concat(t)}function m(e){return n[e]||[]}function h(t){return l[t]=l[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),l=(0,n.Zm)();l.ee||(l.ee=u)},646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(566).bz)()},566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(836),i=r(154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>l,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>d});var n=r(154),i=r(863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function l(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(836),i=r(607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];l(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return l(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,l,d;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],l="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],l],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],l,c);try{return d=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],l,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,d],l,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function l(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log";n.K7.logging},773:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(154),r(566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(836),i=r(687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>K});var n=r(860),i=r(555),o=r(371),a=r(908),s=r(836),c=r(687),u=r(289),l=r(154),d=r(944),f=r(773),g=r(384),p=r(344);const m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(863),b=r(614),y=r(993);var w=r(646),R=r(434);const A=new Map;function E(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,d.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,R.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[R.Jt]||t[r];return A.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>A.get(c))),i}function _(){const e=(0,g.pV)();m.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,d.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function N(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const m={};var w=s.ee.get(e),R=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var A="api-",_=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function k(){}m.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,v.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},m.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),E(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},h.forEach((e=>{m[e]=j(A,e,!0,"api")})),m.addPageAction=j(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.recordCustomEvent=j(A,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},m.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,d.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,d.R)(39,typeof e)},m.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,d.R)(41,typeof e)},m.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,d.R)(42,typeof e)},m.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,d.R)(23,e)}},m[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m.interaction=function(e){return(new k).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const T=k.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(R.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw R.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{R.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function I(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,d.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{T[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),m.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),m.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},l.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>I()),!0):I(),m}var k=r(217),T=r(122);const j={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},I={};var O=r(284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function K(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:d={},exposed:f=!0}=t;d.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,k.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");I[e]=(0,T.a)(t,j);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=I[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},l.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const m=(0,k.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),h=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];P||(m.proxy.assets&&(S(m.proxy.assets),h.push(m.proxy.assets)),m.proxy.beacon&&h.push(m.proxy.beacon),_(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===m.soft_navigations.enabled&&m.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),d.denyList=[...m.ajax.deny_list||[],...m.ajax.block_internal?h:[]],d.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,d),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=N(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),P=!0}},374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.283.2.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.2.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),l=0;l<u.length;l++){var d=u[l];if(d.getAttribute("src")==r||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=d;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-2Y8GMAOGF658KnXzOZ/v+DlLch8TBFvV0tTNnOy9wrpvtDa1t5CdZMyX+LubTymBlzPp6NUjllBghMCZqXBPmg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={374:0,840:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(374);var e=i(944),t=i(344),r=i(566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(217);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var l=i(603);var d=i(687),f=i(234),g=i(289),p=i(154),m=i(384);const h=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function v(e){return!!(0,m.dV)().o.MO&&h(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(h(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return v(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(630);class R extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var A=i(908),E=i(843),_=i(878),x=i(782),N=i(863);class k extends y{static featureName=x.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,x.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,A.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,_.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,A.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var T=i(773);class j extends y{static featureName=T.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,m.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,l.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,m.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,k,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" shrink-to-fit="no" /> <title>EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement: Key Provisions and Implications for FDI</title> <meta name="description" content="As the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) completes four years in 2024, we explore its key provisions, business perceptions, and prospects for FDI firms." /> <meta name="keyword" content="" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/eu-vietnam-free-trade-agreement-key-provisions-and-implications-for-fdi.html/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/EU-Vietnam-Free-Trade-Agreement-Key-Provisions-and-Implications-for-FDI-into-Vietnam.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/aseanb_main.css?2" type="text/css" />     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/vendor.css?v1"> <style> .header-nav ul li .submenu-container .menu-column .mega-menu-news .mega-menu-news-category { min-width: 185px; } .hp-business-asia-wrap1, .hp-business-asia-wrap { padding: 2rem 0; } .table.aseanb td p { color: unset; } .resource-section .pub-description .right-thumb-block { margin-top: 0.5rem; } /* Fixing multi level bullet lists sybmols */ .article-content ul ul li:before { content: "-"; transform: none; border: none; top: 0; } .article-content ul ul ul li:before { content: "·"; transform: none; border: none; top: 0; } .article-content h2:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; } .article-content h2,.article-content h3,.article-content h4,.article-content h5{clear:both;} .l3_guide_lists { padding-bottom: 2rem; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .widget-link-block .widget-sep { min-width: 110px; } } /* @media only screen and (max-width: 1399px){ .header-nav ul li .submenu-container .menu-column .news-block.three-column-menu .briefing-news:nth-child(n+4) .posts .thumbnail { display:none; margin-bottom: 1rem; } } */ /* @media (min-width: 1100px){ .menu-list li:hover>.submenu-container .menu-column.menu-links, .menu-list li>.open .menu-column.menu-links { max-height: 55vh; } */ @media (min-width: 1100px) { .submenu-container .section-wrapper .flex-spacing { position: relative; } .submenu-container .section-wrapper .flex-spacing .mega-menu-close-btn { position: absolute; right: -30px; top: 25px; cursor: pointer; } .submenu-container .section-wrapper .flex-spacing .mega-menu-close-btn svg { fill: #787878; width: 25px; cursor: pointer; } } .header-nav ul li.dbgia a.dbgia-link { font-size: inherit !important; } #publication-preview .modal-content { width: 95%; max-width: 800px; } .country-lng.dropdown-trigger { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } /* .dropdown-content.dropdown-content-language ul li a { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 7px; color: #383838; } */ .dropdown-content.dropdown-content-language ul li a span, .dropdown-content.briefing ul li a span.sprite-ab { background-color: transparent; padding: 0; margin: 0; height: auto !important; } .dropdown-content.briefing ul li a .sprite-icons:before { margin-top: 0; } /* Language Dropdown */ .dropdown .language-choose .sprite.sprite-language:before,.dropdown #languageDropdown .sprite.sprite-language:before{transform: scale(0.9);} .dropdown .language-choose.country-lng:after{margin-left: 0;} #languageDropdown.dropdown-content.dropdown-content-language{min-width: 100px;} #languageDropdown.dropdown-content.dropdown-content-language ul li a{padding:0.7rem 1rem;} @media only screen and (max-width: 1100px) { .dropdown.language{display: none;} .country-lng.dropdown-trigger { font-size: 0; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1399px) { .dsa-cta-rhs-bg .subs-info { font-size: 0.8rem; } } /* Only for Desktop */ @media only screen and (min-width: 753px){ .mega-menu-featured-article .briefing-news .posts .thumbnail {max-height:150px;max-width: 310px;} .mega-menu-featured-article .briefing-news .posts .news-content {max-width: 310px;} .mega-menu-featured-article{margin-right:4%;} } /* Delay on hover */ header .menu-list li>.submenu-container{ /* transition: all 0.15s ease 0.15s; */ opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; display:flex; max-height: 0; overflow:hidden; } header .header-nav ul li:hover .submenu-container{ opacity: 1; visibility: visible; max-height:unset; } header .header-nav ul li:not(:hover) .submenu-container { /* transition-delay: 0s; */ opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; max-height: 0; overflow:hidden; } .briefing-news .posts .news-content h3 a {color:#252525 !important;} .menu-list#menu-list .no-event{ pointer-events:unset; } .highlightbox { padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; border-radius: 3px; background: #f4f4ff !important; } .highlightbox p:last-child{margin-bottom: 0;} .highlightbox .btn{border:1px solid #2d3790;} .highlightbox p:empty {display: none;} /* Popup */ .msf_hide { display: none; } .msf_show { display: block; animation: fade-in 1s; } .dropdown #abSitesDropdown ul li a span:before{border-radius:unset !important;box-shadow:unset !important;} /* General setup */ #menu-list .menu-column.v2 {padding-bottom: 0 !important; } #menu-list .multilevel,#menu-list .multilevel_across_asean { display: flex; min-height: 300px; margin-top: 1rem; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 ul, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 ul { margin-top: 0 !important; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 ul.hide, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 ul.hide, #menu-list .multilevel .level3 .hide { display: none !important; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 ul li a:before, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 ul li a:before, #menu-list .multilevel .level3 ul li a:before { content: "" !important; display: none !important; } /* #menu-list .multilevel .level2 ul { width: 85%; } */ #menu-list .multilevel .level1 a, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 a { color: #696969 !important; display: inline !important; font-size: 15px; } #menu-list .multilevel ul li:hover { background-color: transparent !important; } #menu-list .multilevel ul li:hover a, #menu-list .multilevel a:hover { color: #f0665e; background-color: transparent !important; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 li { width: 100%; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1rem; } /* Container background */ .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after { content: ""; display: block; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -51%; width: 86.8%; height: 100%; z-index: -1; display: flex; } .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after > div { display: block; } .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after div.mm_center { width: 80%; height: 100%; } .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after div.mm_left, .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after div.mm_left img, .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after div.mm_right, .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after div.mm_right img { width: 32px !important; height: 100% !important; } .submenu-container .section-wrapper .bg-after .no_shadow { background: #FFF7F7; } /* Level 1 Design */ #menu-list .multilevel .level1 { width: 23%; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 ul { margin-left: 0} #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li{margin-right:.5rem;font-size: 15px;} #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li:first-child { color: #252525 !important; margin-bottom: 1rem !important; font-size: 15px; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li:first-child::after{display: none;} #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li:hover a, #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li.mm_active a, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 li.mm_active a { color: #f0665e !important; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li::after, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 li::after { display: inline; content: '▸'; transform: translateX(0); padding-left: 6px; color: #f0665e !important; visibility:hidden; } #menu-list .multilevel .level1 li.mm_active::after, #menu-list .multilevel .level2 li.mm_active::after { visibility: visible; } /* multilevel_across_asean */ #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean{margin-top:2rem;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1{width:30%;min-width: 300px;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li, #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 li { width: 100%; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 1rem; } #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 ul{list-style: none;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li:first-child::after{display: none;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li a::before{display: none;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li:hover a, #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li.mm_active a, #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 li.mm_active a { color: #f0665e !important; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; } #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li::after, #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 li::after { display: inline; content: '▸'; transform: translateX(0); padding-left: 6px; color: #f0665e !important; visibility:hidden; } #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level1 li.mm_active::after, #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 li.mm_active::after { visibility: visible; } #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2{margin-top:1rem;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 ul{margin-left: 2rem;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 ul.two-column-news-list li{width: 44% !important;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 ul.two-column-news-list li .top-news-block{margin-bottom: 0 !important;} #menu-list .multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 ul.two-column-news-list .guides-title-level2{display: none;} #push-menu-list .menu-column p:empty{display: none;} #push-menu-list .menu-column .asean_level1{display: none;} #push-menu-list .menu-column .asean_level2{display: block;} #push-menu-list .menu-column .asean_level2 .two-column-news-list.hide{display: block;opacity: 1;visibility: visible;margin-top:2rem;} #push-menu-list .menu-column .asean_level2 .two-column-news-list .guides-title-level2 a{font-weight: bold;color:#2d3790;} #push-menu-list .menu-column .asean_level2 .two-column-news-list .category{display: none;} .menu-list.desktop-m .top-news-content h3{margin-bottom:10px;padding-left:10px;} .menu-list.desktop-m li .submenu-container .menu-column .mega-menu-news .top-news-content h3{padding-left:0;} #push-menu-list .section-wrapper{padding-left:15px;} /* Level 2 Design */ #menu-list .multilevel .level2 { width: 30%; padding-left: 3rem;margin-right: 3rem; } #menu-list .multilevel .level2 li:first-child { color: #252525 !important; font-size: 15px;} #menu-list .multilevel .level2 li:first-child::after{display: none;} #menu-list .multilevel .level2 .guides-title-level2 { color: black !important; } /* Level 3 Design */ #menu-list .multilevel .level3 { width: 48%; padding-left: 1rem; } .multilevel .level3 .posts { display: flex; width: 100%; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .news-content { padding: 0; text-align: left; width: 60%; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .news-content h3 { padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;line-height: 22px; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .news-content h3 a { color: black !important; padding: 0 !important; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;line-height: 22px; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .news-content .find-out-m-link { font-weight: 600; color: #2d3790; padding: 0 !important; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .news-content .find-out-m-link:hover{color: #2d3790 !important; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .news-content .find-out-m-link:after { content: '→'; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 700; color: #2d3790 !important; font-size: 1.5rem; margin-left: 10px; line-height: 18px; } .multilevel .level3 .posts .thumbnail { margin-right: 2rem; width: 40%; text-align: left; } /* .multilevel .level3 .posts .thumbnail img { border-radius: 5px; width: 100%; opacity: 0.5; transition: opacity 0.5s ease; } */ .multilevel .level3 .posts .thumbnail a { padding: 0 !important; } .multilevel .level3 .briefing-news{margin-top:5px;} .multilevel .level3 .briefing-news .posts:hover img { transform: none; } .multilevel .level3 ul { flex-direction: column !important; margin: 0 !important; } .multilevel .level3 ul li { flex-direction: column !important; width: 100% !important; } .multilevel .level3 ul li a:before { display: none !important; margin: 0 !important; } /* Mega Menu Helper */ .scrollContainer { max-height: 43vh; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: visible; } /* Mobile optimization */ .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel{margin-top:0 !important;} .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level1 { width: 100%; display: none; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level3 { width: 100%; display: none; } .menu-list.desktop-m .bg-after { display: none; } .pushy-content .scrollContainer { overflow: hidden; max-height: unset !important; } .menu-list .multilevel .level2 .guides-title-level2 { display: block;color: #2d3790; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} .menu-list .multilevel .level2 .guides-title-level2-mobile { display: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} .menu-list.desktop-m .submenu-container .section-wrapper:after { display: none; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level2 ul { margin-bottom: 2rem !important; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level2 ul li { margin-bottom: 0 !important; padding-left: 1rem !important; margin-left: 0 !important; margin-top: 0.8rem; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level2 ul li:first-child { padding-left: 0 !important; margin-left: 0 !important; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level2 ul li:first-child:before { display: none; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel ul li:after { display: none; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel ul li:before { transition: all .25s; opacity: 1; content: '›'; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 500; color: #ddd !important; font-size: 1.5rem; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 10px; line-height: 0; height: 0; display: none; } .menu-list.desktop-m .multilevel .level2 .hide { display: block !important; visibility: visible !important; opacity: 1; } .menu-list li:hover > .submenu-container .menu-column ul li a, .menu-list li > .submenu-container .menu-column ul li a { color: #696969 !important; } .menu-list li:hover > .submenu-container .menu-column ul li a:hover, .menu-list li > .submenu-container .menu-column ul li a:hover { color: #494949 !important; } .menu-list li > .submenu-container .menu-column .multilevel ul li:first-child a { color: #252525 !important; font-weight: 400 !important; } .header-nav ul li .submenu-container .menu-column ul.two-column-news-list.hide{display: none;} /* Twitter logo fix */ .sprite-twitter:before { background-image: url(/assets/images/sprite.svg?v2?v3); background-position: -327px -40px; } </style>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M332G6T');</script>  </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M332G6T" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="model_dim"></div> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="nav-sidenav" class="sidenav"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="close-btn" onclick="closeNav()">×</a> <div class="pushy-content"> <h3 class="heading-left-menu margin-top-none"><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/">Menu</a></h3>  <div class="menu-list desktop-m" id="push-menu-list" style="left:0 ;display:block;"></div> <div class="desktop-pushy"> </div>  </div> </div>   <header class="header"> <section class="header-top"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="head-left"> <ul> <li> <span onclick="openNav()"><span> <svg width="26" height="20" viewBox="0 0 26 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_1004_2831)"> <path d="M1.18161 -0.0115861C0.868174 -0.0162719 0.565708 0.103331 0.34075 0.320908C0.115792 0.538486 -0.0132317 0.836216 -0.0179333 1.1486C-0.0226349 1.46099 0.09737 1.76244 0.315679 1.98665C0.533989 2.21085 0.832721 2.33944 1.14616 2.34413H24.7825C24.9377 2.34645 25.0919 2.31828 25.2361 2.26123C25.3804 2.20418 25.512 2.11937 25.6234 2.01163C25.7348 1.9039 25.8238 1.77536 25.8853 1.63334C25.9469 1.49132 25.9797 1.33862 25.9821 1.18394C25.9844 1.02926 25.9561 0.875641 25.8989 0.731849C25.8416 0.588057 25.7566 0.456909 25.6485 0.345895C25.5404 0.23488 25.4114 0.146169 25.2689 0.0848328C25.1264 0.0234964 24.9732 -0.00926592 24.818 -0.0115861H1.18161ZM1.18161 8.82234C0.868174 8.81765 0.565704 8.93725 0.340745 9.15483C0.115787 9.37241 -0.0132317 9.67014 -0.0179333 9.98253C-0.0226349 10.2949 0.09737 10.5964 0.315679 10.8206C0.533989 11.0448 0.832721 11.1734 1.14616 11.178H24.7825C24.9377 11.1804 25.0919 11.1522 25.2361 11.0951C25.3804 11.0381 25.512 10.9533 25.6234 10.8456C25.7348 10.7378 25.8238 10.6093 25.8853 10.4673C25.9469 10.3252 25.9797 10.1725 25.9821 10.0179C25.9844 9.86318 25.9561 9.70956 25.8989 9.56577C25.8416 9.42198 25.7566 9.29083 25.6485 9.17982C25.5404 9.0688 25.4114 8.98009 25.2689 8.91876C25.1264 8.85742 24.9732 8.82466 24.818 8.82234H1.18161ZM1.18161 17.6563C0.868174 17.6516 0.565704 17.7712 0.340745 17.9888C0.115787 18.2063 -0.0132317 18.5041 -0.0179333 18.8164C-0.0226349 19.1288 0.09737 19.4303 0.315679 19.6545C0.533989 19.8787 0.832721 20.0073 1.14616 20.012H24.7825C24.9377 20.0143 25.0919 19.9861 25.2361 19.9291C25.3804 19.872 25.512 19.7872 25.6234 19.6795C25.7348 19.5717 25.8238 19.4432 25.8853 19.3012C25.9469 19.1592 25.9797 19.0065 25.9821 18.8518C25.9844 18.6971 25.9561 18.5435 25.8989 18.3997C25.8416 18.2559 25.7566 18.1247 25.6485 18.0137C25.5404 17.9027 25.4114 17.814 25.2689 17.7527C25.1264 17.6913 24.9732 17.6586 24.818 17.6563H1.18161Z"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_1004_2831"> <rect width="26" height="20" fill="white"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </span></span> </li> <li class="home-menu"> <a href="/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M20 7.093v-5.093h-3v2.093l3 3zm4 5.907l-12-12-12 12h3v10h7v-5h4v5h7v-10h3zm-5 8h-3v-5h-8v5h-3v-10.26l7-6.912 7 6.99v10.182z" /> </svg></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="head-center "> <a href="/"><img alt="ASEAN Briefing" src="/assets/images/logo-asean-slogan.svg" class="img-fluid desktop"></a> </div> <div class="head-right"> <ul> <li class="dropdown"> <span onclick="toggleShowHide('abSitesDropdown')"> <span class="country-lng dropdown-trigger"><img alt="Change Country" src="/assets/images/globe-icon.svg" class="dropdown-trigger" id="myDropdownActive" /> Other Briefings</span> </span> <div id="abSitesDropdown" class="dropdown-content dropdown-content-language briefing" style="min-width:245px;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprite-icons sprite-ab"></span> Asia Briefing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-cb"></span> China Briefing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-aseanb"></span> ASEAN Briefing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.india-briefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-ib"></span> India Briefing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-vb"></span> Vietnam Briefing</a></li>   <li><a href="https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-meb"></span> Middle East Briefing</a></li>  </ul> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown language"> <span class="country-lng language-choose dropdown-trigger" onclick="toggleShowHide('languageDropdown')"> <span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-english dropdown-trigger" onclick="toggleShowHide('languageDropdown')"></span> </span> <div id="languageDropdown" class="dropdown-content dropdown-content-language briefing"> <ul> <li><a href="/"><span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-english"> EN</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/category/language/french"><span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-french"> FR</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/category/language/german"><span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-german"> DE</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/category/language/italian"><span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-italian"> IT</span></a></li>  <li><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/category/language/spanish"><span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-spanish"> ES</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/category/language/chinese"><span class="sprite sprite-language sprite-language-chinese"> CN</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li><span> <a href="/register" class="btn btn-theme sub" id="subscribeBTN"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M8.602 3.7c-1.154 1.937-.635 5.227 1.424 9.025.93 1.712.697 3.02.338 3.815-.982 2.178-3.675 2.799-6.525 3.456-1.964.454-1.839.87-1.839 4.004h-1.995l-.005-1.241c0-2.52.199-3.975 3.178-4.663 3.365-.777 6.688-1.473 5.09-4.418-4.733-8.729-1.35-13.678 3.732-13.678 3.321 0 5.97 2.117 5.97 6.167 0 3.555-1.949 6.833-2.383 7.833h-2.115c.392-1.536 2.499-4.366 2.499-7.842 0-5.153-5.867-4.985-7.369-2.458zm15.398 15.8c0 2.485-2.017 4.5-4.5 4.5s-4.5-2.015-4.5-4.5 2.017-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2.015 4.5 4.5zm-2-.5h-2v-2h-1v2h-2v1h2v2h1v-2h2v-1z" /> </svg> Subscribe</a></span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="headerNav" class="header-nav show"> <header> <nav class="menu-container"> <div class="menu-toggler" id="menu-toggler"> <div class="changeTopic"> </div> <div class="closeTopic"><img alt="Close" src="/assets/images/icon-close.svg"> Close</div> </div> <div class="mobile-search-download"> <div class="mobile_search_button model-trigger" data-model="serach-modal"> <a href="#"> <svg width="20" height="20" class="header_search_icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M18.5001 18.4998L13.7617 13.7548M15.8334 8.74984C15.8334 10.6285 15.0871 12.4301 13.7588 13.7585C12.4304 15.0869 10.6287 15.8332 8.75008 15.8332C6.87146 15.8332 5.06979 15.0869 3.74141 13.7585C2.41303 12.4301 1.66675 10.6285 1.66675 8.74984C1.66675 6.87122 2.41303 5.06955 3.74141 3.74116C5.06979 2.41278 6.87146 1.6665 8.75008 1.6665C10.6287 1.6665 12.4304 2.41278 13.7588 3.74116C15.0871 5.06955 15.8334 6.87122 15.8334 8.74984Z" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_download_button"><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-indonesia-2023.html" target="_blank"> <svg width="22" height="20" viewBox="0 0 22 20" fill="none" class="header_download_icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M10.185 10.9425C10.4089 11.1669 10.7118 11.2929 11.0275 11.2929C11.3432 11.2929 11.6461 11.1669 11.87 10.9425L15.455 7.32863C15.6791 7.10271 15.805 6.7963 15.805 6.47681C15.805 6.15732 15.6791 5.85092 15.455 5.625C15.2309 5.39909 14.9269 5.27217 14.61 5.27217C14.2931 5.27217 13.9891 5.39909 13.765 5.625L12.22 7.17742V1.20464C12.22 0.885147 12.0941 0.578742 11.87 0.352829C11.6459 0.126915 11.3419 0 11.025 0C10.7081 0 10.4041 0.126915 10.18 0.352829C9.95591 0.578742 9.83001 0.885147 9.83001 1.20464V7.17238L8.29001 5.61996C8.0659 5.39404 7.76194 5.26713 7.44501 5.26713C7.12807 5.26713 6.82411 5.39404 6.60001 5.61996C6.3759 5.84587 6.25 6.15228 6.25 6.47177C6.25 6.79127 6.3759 7.09767 6.60001 7.32359L10.185 10.9425Z" /> <path d="M20.645 13.9717H1.355C0.995635 13.9717 0.650985 14.1156 0.396873 14.3717C0.142762 14.6279 0 14.9753 0 15.3376V18.634C0 18.9962 0.142762 19.3437 0.396873 19.5998C0.650985 19.856 0.995635 19.9999 1.355 19.9999H20.645C21.0044 19.9999 21.349 19.856 21.6031 19.5998C21.8572 19.3437 22 18.9962 22 18.634V15.3376C22 15.1582 21.965 14.9806 21.8969 14.8149C21.8288 14.6492 21.7289 14.4986 21.6031 14.3717C21.4773 14.2449 21.3279 14.1443 21.1635 14.0757C20.9991 14.007 20.8229 13.9717 20.645 13.9717V13.9717Z" /> </svg> </a></div> </div> <div class="menu-list" id="menu-list"> <ul> <li class="model-trigger tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-model="serach-modal" data-tooltip="Search Guides, Articles and Downloads"> <a href="#">  <svg width="20" height="20" class="header_search_icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M18.5001 18.4998L13.7617 13.7548M15.8334 8.74984C15.8334 10.6285 15.0871 12.4301 13.7588 13.7585C12.4304 15.0869 10.6287 15.8332 8.75008 15.8332C6.87146 15.8332 5.06979 15.0869 3.74141 13.7585C2.41303 12.4301 1.66675 10.6285 1.66675 8.74984C1.66675 6.87122 2.41303 5.06955 3.74141 3.74116C5.06979 2.41278 6.87146 1.6665 8.75008 1.6665C10.6287 1.6665 12.4304 2.41278 13.7588 3.74116C15.0871 5.06955 15.8334 6.87122 15.8334 8.74984Z" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </a> </li> <li><a href="/news/category/economy-trade" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Economy & Trade</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links" onscroll="checkArrow(this)"> <div class="mega-menu-news"> <div class="mega-menu-featured-article"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4>Top Articles in Economy & Trade</h4> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/singapore-budget-2025-what-it-means-for-businesses/" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Singapore-budget-2025-Impact-for-Businesses.jpg" alt="Singapore Budget 2025: What it Means for Businesses" class="img-responsive lazy" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/singapore-budget-2025-what-it-means-for-businesses/" target="_blank">Singapore Budget 2025: What it Means for Businesses</a> </h3> <span class="tag">Feb 20</span> <p>Singapore’s Budget 2025 introduces tax rebates, workforce grants, and AI funding to help businesses cut costs and drive growth. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mega-menu-top-news">  <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 margin42-top"> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/amazon-web-services-opens-asia-pacific-headquarters-in-singapore/">Amazon Web Services Opens Asia-Pacific Headquarters in Singapore</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 12</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/investment-incentives-and-tax-holidays-in-timor-leste/">Investment Incentives and Tax Holidays in Timor-Leste</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 10</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/danantara-indonesias-new-sovereign-wealth-fund/">Danantara: Indonesia’s New Sovereign Wealth Fund</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 06</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/cambodias-2025-economic-outlook-and-investment-opportunities-for-foreign-investors/">Cambodia’s 2025 Economic Outlook and Investment Opportunities for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 01</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/malaysia-unveils-tax-incentives-for-the-johor-singapore-sez/">Malaysia Unveils Tax Incentives for the Johor-Singapore SEZ</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 09</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesia-joins-brics-unlocking-new-economic-opportunities/">Indonesia Joins BRICS: Unlocking New Economic Opportunities</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 08</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="/news/category/economy-trade">Read All</a></div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/news/category/industries" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Industries</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links" onscroll="checkArrow(this)"> <div class="mega-menu-news"> <div class="mega-menu-featured-article"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4>Top Articles in Industries</h4> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-mining-law-amendments-boosting-the-domestic-mineral-market/" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Indonesia-Revises-its-Mining-Law.jpg" alt="Indonesia’s Mining Law Amendments: Boosting the Domestic Mineral Market" class="img-responsive lazy" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-mining-law-amendments-boosting-the-domestic-mineral-market/" target="_blank">Indonesia’s Mining Law Amendments: Boosting the Domestic Mineral Market</a> </h3> <span class="tag">Feb 25</span> <p>Indonesia has updated its Mining Law to boost domestic mineral use, support SMEs, and attract green industry investments.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mega-menu-top-news">  <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 margin42-top"> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/investment-opportunities-in-timor-lestes-tourism-industry/">Investment Opportunities in Timor-Leste's Tourism Industry</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 19</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/how-foreign-investors-can-establish-a-restaurant-in-malaysia/">How Foreign Investors Can Establish a Restaurant in Malaysia</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 12</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/halal-markets-unveiled-opportunities-in-southeast-asias-economic-powerhouses/">Halal Markets Unveiled: Opportunities in Southeast Asia’s Economic Powerhouses</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 28</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-commodity-exporters-face-onshore-proceeds-mandate/">Indonesia’s Commodity Exporters Face Onshore Proceeds Mandate</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 23</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/the-greater-sunrise-gas-field-a-catalyst-for-timor-lestes-future/">The Greater Sunrise Gas Field: A Catalyst for Timor-Leste's Future</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 23</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesia-and-japan-sign-bilateral-agreement-for-carbon-trading/">Indonesia and Japan Sign Bilateral Agreement for Carbon Trading</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 15</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="/news/category/industries">Read All</a></div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/news/category/tax-accounting" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Tax & Accounting</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links" onscroll="checkArrow(this)"> <div class="mega-menu-news"> <div class="mega-menu-featured-article"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4>Top Articles in Tax & Accounting</h4> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/sales-tax-in-malaysia-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Sales-Tax-in-Malaysia-A-Guide-for-Foreign-Investors.jpg" alt="Sales Tax in Malaysia: A Guide for Foreign Investors" class="img-responsive lazy" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/sales-tax-in-malaysia-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/" target="_blank">Sales Tax in Malaysia: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a> </h3> <span class="tag">Feb 26</span> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mega-menu-top-news">  <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 margin42-top"> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/a-guide-to-taxation-in-the-philippines/">A Guide to Taxation in the Philippines - Updates for 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 20</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/tax-identification-numbers-in-singapore-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Tax Identification Numbers in Singapore: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 14</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-coretax-system-transforming-tax-administration-in-2025/">Indonesia’s Coretax System: Transforming Tax Administration in 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 21</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/audit-and-compliance-in-malaysia-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Audit and Compliance in Malaysia: What's New for 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 20</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/revised-tax-incentive-schemes-for-funds-in-singapore/">Revised Tax Incentive Schemes for Funds in Singapore</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 16</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-12-vat-increase-what-businesses-need-to-know-and-prepare-for/">Indonesia’s 12% VAT Increase: What Businesses Need to Know and Prepare For</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 09</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="/news/category/tax-accounting">Read All</a></div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/news/category/legal-regulatory" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Legal & Regulatory</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links" onscroll="checkArrow(this)"> <div class="mega-menu-news"> <div class="mega-menu-featured-article"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4>Top Articles in Legal & Regulatory</h4> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/understanding-variable-capital-companies-in-singapore/" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Understanding-Variable-Capital-Companies-in-Singapore.jpg" alt="Understanding Variable Capital Companies in Singapore" class="img-responsive lazy" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/understanding-variable-capital-companies-in-singapore/" target="_blank">Understanding Variable Capital Companies in Singapore</a> </h3> <span class="tag">Feb 12</span> <p> Discover how Variable Capital Companies in Singapore provide fund managers with flexibility, tax advantages, and global recognition.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mega-menu-top-news">  <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 margin42-top"> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/how-foreign-investors-can-establish-a-restaurant-in-malaysia/">How Foreign Investors Can Establish a Restaurant in Malaysia</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 12</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/step-by-step-guide-to-company-registration-in-east-timor-for-foreign-investors/">Step-by-Step Guide to Company Registration in Timor Leste for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 03</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/philippines-sets-up-national-halal-office-to-boost-global-trade/">Philippines Sets up National Halal Office to Boost Global Trade</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 30</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesia-and-japan-sign-bilateral-agreement-for-carbon-trading/">Indonesia and Japan Sign Bilateral Agreement for Carbon Trading</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 15</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/trademark-registration-in-cambodia-a-complete-step-by-step-guide/">Trademark Registration in Cambodia: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 26</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/navigating-data-protection-laws-in-asean-6-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Navigating Data Protection Laws in ASEAN-6: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 19</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="/news/category/legal-regulatory">Read All</a></div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/news/category/human-resources-payroll" class="no-event has-dropdown ">HR & Payroll</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links" onscroll="checkArrow(this)"> <div class="mega-menu-news"> <div class="mega-menu-featured-article"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4>Top Articles in HR & Payroll</h4> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/malaysias-new-minimum-wage-rate-for-2025-what-employers-and-workers-need-to-know/" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/A-Guide-to-Malaysias-New-Minimum-Wage-Rate.jpg" alt="Malaysia’s New Minimum Wage Rate for 2025: What Employers and Workers Need to Know" class="img-responsive lazy" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/malaysias-new-minimum-wage-rate-for-2025-what-employers-and-workers-need-to-know/" target="_blank">Malaysia’s New Minimum Wage Rate for 2025: What Employers and Workers Need to Know</a> </h3> <span class="tag">Feb 21</span> <p>Malaysia’s new minimum wage for 2025 brings higher pay rates and new compliance deadlines for employers.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mega-menu-top-news">  <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 margin42-top"> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/a-guide-to-foreign-worker-levies-in-singapore/">A Guide to Foreign Worker Levies in Singapore</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 18</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/philippines-updates-rules-for-work-permits-for-foreign-workers/">Philippines Updates Rules for Work Permits for Foreign Workers</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 05</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-minimum-wage-rates-for-2025/">Indonesia's Minimum Wage Rates for 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 30</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/singapores-platform-workers-bill-transforming-the-gig-economy-in-2025/">Singapore's Platform Workers Bill: Transforming the Gig Economy in 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 27</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailands-2025-national-holidays-how-businesses-should-prepare/">Thailand's 2025 National Holidays: How Businesses Should Prepare</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 16</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/meeting-cambodias-work-permit-deadline-what-businesses-need-to-know/">Meeting Cambodia’s Work Permit Deadline: What Businesses Need to Know</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 13</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="/news/category/human-resources-payroll">Read All</a></div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/across-asean" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Across ASEAN</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="bg-after level1" style=""><div class="mm_left no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l1_right.png?v3"></div></div> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="menu-column menu-links scroll-inherit v2"> <div class="multilevel_across_asean"> <div class="asean_level1"> <ul> <li><a href="/across-asean" data-show="00000"><strong>Across ASEAN</strong></a></li> <li class="mm_active"><a href="/across-asean/indonesia" data-show="20011">Indonesia</a></li> <li ><a href="/across-asean/malaysia" data-show="20012">Malaysia</a></li> <li ><a href="/across-asean/philippines" data-show="20013">Philippines</a></li> <li ><a href="/across-asean/singapore" data-show="20014">Singapore</a></li> <li ><a href="/across-asean/thailand" data-show="20015">Thailand</a></li> <li ><a href="/across-asean/vietnam" data-show="20016">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/across-asean" style="font-style: italic;">See all</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="scrollContainer asean_level2"> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 " data-show="20011"> <li data-level="2" class="guides-title-level2"><a href="/across-asean/indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-mining-law-amendments-boosting-the-domestic-mineral-market/">Indonesia’s Mining Law Amendments: Boosting the Domestic Mineral Market</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/danantara-indonesias-new-sovereign-wealth-fund/">Danantara: Indonesia’s New Sovereign Wealth Fund</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-minimum-wage-rates-for-2025/">Indonesia's Minimum Wage Rates for 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-commodity-exporters-face-onshore-proceeds-mandate/">Indonesia’s Commodity Exporters Face Onshore Proceeds Mandate</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/esg-sukuk-to-cross-usd50-billion-in-2025-key-global-funding-tool/">ESG Sukuk to Cross US$50 Billion in 2025, Key Funding Tool in Emerging Markets</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesias-coretax-system-transforming-tax-administration-in-2025/">Indonesia’s Coretax System: Transforming Tax Administration in 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 hide" data-show="20012"> <li data-level="2" class="guides-title-level2"><a href="/across-asean/malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/sales-tax-in-malaysia-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Sales Tax in Malaysia: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/malaysias-new-minimum-wage-rate-for-2025-what-employers-and-workers-need-to-know/">Malaysia’s New Minimum Wage Rate for 2025: What Employers and Workers Need to Know</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/how-foreign-investors-can-establish-a-restaurant-in-malaysia/">How Foreign Investors Can Establish a Restaurant in Malaysia</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/esg-sukuk-to-cross-usd50-billion-in-2025-key-global-funding-tool/">ESG Sukuk to Cross US$50 Billion in 2025, Key Funding Tool in Emerging Markets</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/audit-and-compliance-in-malaysia-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Audit and Compliance in Malaysia: What's New for 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/uae-signs-cepa-agreements-with-malaysia-kenya-and-new-zealand/">UAE Signs CEPA Agreements with Malaysia, Kenya, and New Zealand</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 hide" data-show="20013"> <li data-level="2" class="guides-title-level2"><a href="/across-asean/philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/a-guide-to-taxation-in-the-philippines/">A Guide to Taxation in the Philippines - Updates for 2025</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/philippines-updates-rules-for-work-permits-for-foreign-workers/">Philippines Updates Rules for Work Permits for Foreign Workers</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/philippines-sets-up-national-halal-office-to-boost-global-trade/">Philippines Sets up National Halal Office to Boost Global Trade</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/navigating-data-protection-laws-in-asean-6-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Navigating Data Protection Laws in ASEAN-6: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/tax-implications-for-13th-month-pay-and-christmas-bonuses-in-the-philippines/">Tax Implications for 13th Month Pay and Christmas Bonuses in the Philippines</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/philippines-refines-tax-policies-with-create-more-act/">Philippines Refines Tax Policies with CREATE MORE Act</a></h3> <div class="category">Nov 24</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 hide" data-show="20014"> <li data-level="2" class="guides-title-level2"><a href="/across-asean/singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.india-briefing.com/news/the-future-of-india-singapore-ties-green-energy-semiconductors-esg-new-report-36293.html/">The Future of India-Singapore Ties: Collaboration in Green Energy, Technology, and ESG Sectors</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/singapore-budget-2025-what-it-means-for-businesses/">Singapore Budget 2025: What it Means for Businesses</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/a-guide-to-foreign-worker-levies-in-singapore/">A Guide to Foreign Worker Levies in Singapore</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/tax-identification-numbers-in-singapore-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Tax Identification Numbers in Singapore: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/understanding-variable-capital-companies-in-singapore/">Understanding Variable Capital Companies in Singapore</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/amazon-web-services-opens-asia-pacific-headquarters-in-singapore/">Amazon Web Services Opens Asia-Pacific Headquarters in Singapore</a></h3> <div class="category">Feb 25</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 hide" data-show="20015"> <li data-level="2" class="guides-title-level2"><a href="/across-asean/thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailands-2025-national-holidays-how-businesses-should-prepare/">Thailand's 2025 National Holidays: How Businesses Should Prepare</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailands-new-minimum-wage-for-2025-what-businesses-and-workers-need-to-know/">Thailand's New Minimum Wage for 2025: What Businesses and Workers Need to Know</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailand-to-implement-employee-welfare-fund/">Thailand to Implement Employee Welfare Fund</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/navigating-data-protection-laws-in-asean-6-a-guide-for-foreign-investors/">Navigating Data Protection Laws in ASEAN-6: A Guide for Foreign Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailands-global-income-tax-overhaul-implications-for-residents-and-investors/">Thailand’s Global Income Tax Overhaul: Implications for Residents and Investors</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailand-and-the-uks-enhanced-trade-partnership-an-overview/">Thailand and the UK's Enhanced Trade Partnership: An Overview</a></h3> <div class="category">Dec 24</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 hide" data-show="20016"> <li data-level="2" class="guides-title-level2"><a href="/across-asean/vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/vietnam-news/vietnam-manufacturing-tracker">Vietnam Manufacturing Tracker</a></h3> <div class="category">Jan 25</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/vietnam-news/vietnams-first-draft-of-new-personal-data-protection-law-pdpl-released-for-public-comments">Vietnam’s First Draft of New Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) Released for Public Comments</a></h3> <div class="category">Sep 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/vietnam-news/vietnams-new-minimum-wage-effective-from-july-1-2024">Vietnam’s New Minimum Wage Effective from July 1, 2024</a></h3> <div class="category">Aug 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/vietnam-news/vietnams-2024-social-insurance-law-implications-for-businesses">Vietnam’s 2024 Social Insurance Law: Implications for Businesses</a></h3> <div class="category">Aug 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/vietnam-news/eu-vietnam-free-trade-agreement-key-provisions-and-implications-for-fdi">EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement: Key Provisions and Implications for FDI</a></h3> <div class="category">Aug 24</div> </div> </div> </li> <li data-level="2"> <div class="top-news-block"> <div class="top-news-thumb"> </div> <div class="top-news-content"> <h3><a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/vietnam-news/us-chooses-to-retain-vietnams-non-market-economy-status-despite-reforms">U.S. Chooses to Retain Vietnam's Non-Market Economy Status Despite Reforms</a></h3> <div class="category">Aug 24</div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="two-column-news-list mb-0 hide" data-show="20018"> <li><a href="/across-asean" data-show="20017" style="font-style: italic;">See all</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="border-epm-l"><a href="#" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Events</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links"> <div class="news-block three-column-menu borde-no"> <div class="mega-events"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4><a>Upcoming Events</a></h4> </div> <div class="mega-event-block"> <ul class="e-list events-list-block" style="margin-top: 0 !important;"> <li class="event-list-row"> <div class="event-date"><span>26</span><span>Feb</span></div> <div class="event-info"> <div class="event-details"> <div class="event-title"> <a class="event-link" href="https://www.dezshira.com/events/details/decoding-singapore-budget-2025-implications-for-foreign-businesses-and-investors.html">Decoding Singapore's Budget 2025: Implications for Foreign Businesses and Investors</a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="event-list-row"> <div class="event-date"><span>18</span><span>Mar</span></div> <div class="event-info"> <div class="event-details"> <div class="event-title"> <a class="event-link" href="https://www.dezshira.com/events/details/doing-business-in-indonesia-key-fdi-trends-us-tariff-2025-impacts-and-reshoring-opportunities-across-industries.html">Doing Business in Indonesia: Key FDI Trends, US Tariff 2025 Impacts, and Reshoring Opportunities Across Industries. </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="https://www.dezshira.com/events" target="_blank">More Events</a></div> </div> <div class="mega-webinars"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4><a>Watch</a></h4> </div> <div class="mega-webinar-block"> <ul class="e-list events-list-block" style="margin-top: 0 !important;"> <li class="event-list-row"> <div class="event-info"> <div class="mega-webinar-thumb"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/multimedia/view/vietnam-fur-dach-unternehmen-uberblick-markteintritt-und-moglichkeiten-2023.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Multimedia/9636/Screenshot-2023-03-27-155352.png" alt="Vietnam für DACH Unternehmen – Überblick, Markteintritt und Möglichkeiten 2023" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a></div> <div class="event-details"> <div class="event-title"><a class="event-link" href="https://www.dezshira.com/multimedia/view/vietnam-fur-dach-unternehmen-uberblick-markteintritt-und-moglichkeiten-2023.html" target="_blank">Vietnam für DACH Unternehmen – Überblick, Markteintritt und Möglichkeiten 2023</a> </div> <span class="event-time"> webinar </span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="event-list-row"> <div class="event-info"> <div class="mega-webinar-thumb"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/multimedia/view/investing-doing-business-vietnam-2023-chinese.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Multimedia/9620/Screenshot-2023-03-10-163656.png" alt="Investing and Doing Business in Vietnam | 投资越南 - 展望 2023" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a></div> <div class="event-details"> <div class="event-title"><a class="event-link" href="https://www.dezshira.com/multimedia/view/investing-doing-business-vietnam-2023-chinese.html" target="_blank">Investing and Doing Business in Vietnam | 投资越南 - 展望 2023</a> </div> <span class="event-time"> webinar </span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="event-list-row"> <div class="event-info"> <div class="mega-webinar-thumb"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/multimedia/view/exploring-southeast-asia-2023-outlook-opportunities-and-trends.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Resources/9612/Exploring-Southeast-Asia.png" alt="Exploring Southeast Asia’s 2023 Outlook – Opportunities and Trends" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a></div> <div class="event-details"> <div class="event-title"><a class="event-link" href="https://www.dezshira.com/multimedia/view/exploring-southeast-asia-2023-outlook-opportunities-and-trends.html" target="_blank">Exploring Southeast Asia’s 2023 Outlook – Opportunities and Trends</a> </div> <span class="event-time"> webinar </span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="https://www.dezshira.com/library/search?type=multimedia" target="_blank">More Events</a></div> </div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="#" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Publications</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="mega-menu-close-btn"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m12.002 2.005c5.518 0 9.998 4.48 9.998 9.997 0 5.518-4.48 9.998-9.998 9.998-5.517 0-9.997-4.48-9.997-9.998 0-5.517 4.48-9.997 9.997-9.997zm0 1.5c-4.69 0-8.497 3.807-8.497 8.497s3.807 8.498 8.497 8.498 8.498-3.808 8.498-8.498-3.808-8.497-8.498-8.497zm0 7.425 2.717-2.718c.146-.146.339-.219.531-.219.404 0 .75.325.75.75 0 .193-.073.384-.219.531l-2.717 2.717 2.727 2.728c.147.147.22.339.22.531 0 .427-.349.75-.75.75-.192 0-.384-.073-.53-.219l-2.729-2.728-2.728 2.728c-.146.146-.338.219-.53.219-.401 0-.751-.323-.751-.75 0-.192.073-.384.22-.531l2.728-2.728-2.722-2.722c-.146-.147-.219-.338-.219-.531 0-.425.346-.749.75-.749.192 0 .385.073.531.219z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></div> <div class="menu-column menu-links"> <div class="news-block three-column-menu borde-no space-between-content"> <div class="mega-magazines"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4><a>Latest Guides</a></h4> </div> <div class="mega-magazines-block"> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-singapore.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Publications/9982/Doing-business-in-Singapore-2024_cover.jpg" alt="An Introduction to Doing Business in Singapore 2024" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a> <span><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-singapore.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Download Now</a></span> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-singapore.html" target="_blank">An Introduction to Doing Business in Singapore 2024</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-indonesia.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Publications/9931/Doing-Business-in-Indonesia-2024_Issue_Cover.jpg" alt="An Introduction to Doing Business in Indonesia 2024" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a> <span><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-indonesia.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Download Now</a></span> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/introduction-doing-business-indonesia.html" target="_blank">An Introduction to Doing Business in Indonesia 2024</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/navigating-asia-s-industrial-landscape-in-2024-9915.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Publications/9915/EAMI-2024-Report_cover.jpg" alt="The Emerging Asia Manufacturing Index 2024 - Navigating Asia's Industrial Landscape" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a> <span><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/navigating-asia-s-industrial-landscape-in-2024-9915.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Download Now</a></span> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/navigating-asia-s-industrial-landscape-in-2024-9915.html" target="_blank">The Emerging Asia Manufacturing Index 2024 - Navigating Asia's Industrial Landscape</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/search?location=32&type_detail=report-guide&language=15&page=1" target="_blank">More Guides</a></div> </div> <div class="mega-guides"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4><a>Latest Magazines</a></h4> </div> <div class="mega-guides-block"> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/halal-markets-unveiled-opportunities-in-southeast-asia-s-economic-powerhouses-10113.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Publications/10113/ASB-2025-12-issue_cover.jpg" alt="Halal Markets Unveiled: Opportunities in Southeast Asia’s Economic Powerhouses" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a> <span><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/halal-markets-unveiled-opportunities-in-southeast-asia-s-economic-powerhouses-10113.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Download Now</a></span> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/halal-markets-unveiled-opportunities-in-southeast-asia-s-economic-powerhouses-10113.html" target="_blank">Halal Markets Unveiled: Opportunities in Southeast Asia’s Economic Powerhouses</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/asean-education-market-trends-challenges-investment.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Publications/10081/ASB-2024-11-issue_cover.jpg" alt="The ASEAN Education Market: Trends, Challenges, and Investment Pathways" class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a> <span><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/asean-education-market-trends-challenges-investment.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Download Now</a></span> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/asean-education-market-trends-challenges-investment.html" target="_blank">The ASEAN Education Market: Trends, Challenges, and Investment Pathways</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/guide-to-hiring-HR-payroll-indonesia.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/assets/images/loading.gif" data-src="https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/650x400/Publications/10018/ASB-2024-09-issue_cover.jpg" alt="A Guide to Hiring in Indonesia " class="lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy"> </a> <span><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/guide-to-hiring-HR-payroll-indonesia.html" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Download Now</a></span> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/guide-to-hiring-HR-payroll-indonesia.html" target="_blank">A Guide to Hiring in Indonesia </a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"><a class="text-uppercase btn-text btn-cta-b btn-flex mb-1rem" href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/search?location=32&type_detail=magazine&language=15&page=1" target="_blank">More Magazines</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="down-arrow-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="#" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Media</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="menu-column menu-links"> <div class="menu-short-des-title"> <h4><a>Press and Media information</a></h4> </div> <div class="news-block three-column-menu borde-no"> <div class="more-about-us"> <ul> <li><a href="/about-us/overview.html"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-aseanb"></span> </span>About ASEAN Briefing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/about-us/overview.html" target="_blank"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <span class="sprite sprite-icons sprite-ab"></span> </span>About Asia Briefing </a></li> <li><a href="/subscription/newsletter"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <svg width="24" height="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"><path d="M24 23h-24v-13.275l2-1.455v-7.27h20v7.272l2 1.453v13.275zm-20-10.472v-9.528h16v9.527l-8 5.473-8-5.472zm14-.528h-12v-1h12v1zm0-3v1h-12v-1h12zm-7-1h-5v-3h5v3zm7 0h-6v-1h6v1zm0-2h-6v-1h6v1z"></path></svg> </span>Weekly Newsletters</a></li> <li><a href="/partners" target="_blank"><span class="IT-block gray-circles opm-icon"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 800 800" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <g> <g> <path class="st0" d="M213.2,367.9c0,7.1,2.8,13.8,7.8,18.9l9.4,9.4c12.6,12.6,29.3,19.5,47.1,19.5c17.8,0,34.5-6.9,47.1-19.5 l66.4-66.4c26.3,22,59.1,33.9,93.8,33.9h0.1c39.2,0,76.1-15.3,103.8-43.1c5.2-5.2,5.2-13.7,0-18.9c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0 C547.2,324.5,517,337,485,337h0c-32,0-62.2-12.5-84.8-35.1c-5.2-5.2-13.7-5.2-18.9,0l-75.4,75.4c-15.1,15.1-41.5,15.1-56.6,0 l-9.4-9.4l160.3-160.3c14.9-14.9,29.1-14.9,47.1-14.9c19.3,0,43.2,0,66-22.8l37.7-37.7c5.2-5.2,5.2-13.7,0-18.9 c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0L494.4,151c-15,14.9-29.2,14.9-47.1,14.9c-19.3,0-43.2,0-66,22.8L221,349 C215.9,354,213.2,360.7,213.2,367.9z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M120,146.7c14.7,0,26.7-12,26.7-26.7c0-14.7-12-26.7-26.7-26.7c-14.7,0-26.7,12-26.7,26.7 S105.3,146.7,120,146.7z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M249.3,188.7l37.7,37.7c2.6,2.6,6,3.9,9.4,3.9c3.4,0,6.8-1.3,9.4-3.9c5.2-5.2,5.2-13.6,0-18.9l-37.7-37.7 c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0C244.1,175.1,244.1,183.5,249.3,188.7z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M680,93.4c14.7,0,26.7-12,26.7-26.7c0-14.7-12-26.7-26.7-26.7c-14.7,0-26.7,12-26.7,26.7 C653.3,81.4,665.3,93.4,680,93.4z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M710.6,283.9c-21.7,21.7-29.1,57-36.3,91.1c-6.4,30.3-13,61.6-29,77.7l-18.9,18.9c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.7,0,18.9 c2.6,2.6,6,3.9,9.4,3.9c3.4,0,6.8-1.3,9.4-3.9l18.9-18.9c21.7-21.7,29.1-56.9,36.3-91.1c6.4-30.3,13-61.7,29.1-77.7 c5.2-5.2,5.2-13.6,0-18.9C724.2,278.7,715.8,278.7,710.6,283.9z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M796.1,283.9L578.9,66.7l43.9-43.9c5.2-5.2,5.2-13.6,0-18.9c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0l-53.3,53.3 c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.6,0,18.9l226.7,226.7c2.6,2.6,6,3.9,9.4,3.9s6.8-1.3,9.4-3.9C801.3,297.6,801.3,289.2,796.1,283.9z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M494.4,396.2c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.7,0,18.9L617,556.4c10.4,10.4,10.4,27.3,0,37.7 c-10.4,10.4-27.3,10.4-37.7,0L437.8,452.7c-5.2-5.2-13.7-5.2-18.9,0c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.7,0,18.9l179.1,179.1 c10.4,10.4,10.4,27.3,0,37.7c-10.4,10.4-27.3,10.4-37.7,0L390.7,518.7c-5.2-5.2-13.7-5.2-18.9,0c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.6,0,18.9 l150.8,150.8c10.4,10.4,10.4,27.3,0,37.7c-10.1,10.1-27.6,10.1-37.7,0l-18.9-18.9h0L343.5,584.7c-5.2-5.2-13.7-5.2-18.9,0 c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.6,0,18.9l122.6,122.6c5,5,7.8,11.7,7.8,18.9c0,7.1-2.8,13.8-7.8,18.9c-10.4,10.4-27.3,10.4-37.7,0L182.8,537.3 c-34.6-34.6-42.1-78.2-48.7-116.6c-5.6-32.4-10.8-62.9-31.3-83.4c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.6,0,18.9 c14.5,14.5,18.8,39.8,23.9,69.1c6.9,40.3,15.6,90.4,56.1,130.9l226.8,226.6c10.4,10.4,24,15.6,37.7,15.6 c13.7,0,27.3-5.2,37.7-15.6c7.6-7.6,12.6-17,14.6-27.3c19.5,9.4,45,5.4,60.8-10.4c7.6-7.6,12.6-17.1,14.6-27.3 c19.8,9.5,44.4,6,60.8-10.4c20.8-20.8,20.8-54.6,0-75.4l-5.1-5.1c8.8-2.3,17.1-6.9,23.9-13.8c20.8-20.8,20.8-54.6,0-75.4 L494.4,396.2z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M249.4,110.6l-80-80c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.6,0,18.9l70.6,70.6L3.9,337.3 c-5.2,5.2-5.2,13.6,0,18.9c2.6,2.6,6,3.9,9.4,3.9s6.8-1.3,9.4-3.9l226.7-226.7C254.6,124.3,254.6,115.8,249.4,110.6z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M327.9,770.9c-7.4,3.9-20.1,4.4-31.5-7c-11.4-11.4-11.3-24.7-7.6-30.5c3.7-5.7,2.5-13.3-2.9-17.6 c-5.3-4.3-13-3.9-17.8,1c-10.4,10.4-27.3,10.4-37.7,0c-10.4-10.4-10.4-27.3,0-37.7c2.6-2.6,3.9-6,3.9-9.4c0-3.4-1.3-6.8-3.9-9.4 c-5.2-5.2-13.6-5.2-18.9,0l-9.4,9.4c-10.4,10.4-27.3,10.4-37.7,0c-10.4-10.4-10.4-27.3,0-37.7l9.4-9.4c4.7-4.7,5.2-12.3,1.1-17.6 c-4.1-5.3-11.5-6.8-17.3-3.4c-7.3,4.2-20,3.7-31-7.3c-11.7-11.7-11.7-24.7-7.9-30.1c4.2-6.1,2.7-14.4-3.4-18.5 c-6.1-4.2-14.4-2.7-18.5,3.4c-10.8,15.6-10.5,42.7,11,64.1c8.5,8.4,17.7,13.5,26.7,15.9c-3,6.8-4.6,14.2-4.6,21.8 c0,14.2,5.5,27.6,15.6,37.7c13.7,13.7,33,18.4,50.6,14c1,12.1,6.2,23.9,15.4,33.1c13.3,13.3,31.8,18.1,48.9,14.4 c1.7,11,7,22.6,17.1,32.7c12.3,12.3,26.7,17.3,39.9,17.3c8.4,0,16.4-2,22.9-5.5c6.5-3.4,9-11.5,5.6-18 C342.5,770,334.4,767.5,327.9,770.9z"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </span> Our Partners</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store" target="_blank"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <svg version="1.1" id="Flat" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 611.3 594.7" xml:space="preserve"> <path class="st0" d="M607.7,516.2l-25.9-96.6l0,0l0,0l-77.6-289.8v0l-25.9-96.6c-5.4-20-25.9-31.9-45.9-26.5l-96.6,25.9 c-4,1.1-7.8,2.8-11.3,5.2c-5.7-14.2-19.5-23.5-34.8-23.5h-100c-9.2,0-18.1,3.4-25,9.6c-6.9-6.2-15.8-9.6-25-9.6h-100 C19,14.3,2.3,31.1,2.2,51.8v500c0,20.7,16.8,37.5,37.5,37.5h100c9.2,0,18.1-3.4,25-9.6c6.9,6.2,15.8,9.6,25,9.6h100 c20.7,0,37.5-16.8,37.5-37.5V145.6l7.9,29.5l0,0l0,0l77.6,289.8v0l0,0l25.9,96.6c5.3,20,25.9,31.9,45.9,26.5c0,0,0,0,0.1,0 l96.6-25.9C601.2,556.7,613.1,536.2,607.7,516.2C607.7,516.2,607.7,516.2,607.7,516.2L607.7,516.2z M362.5,180.7l120.7-32.4 L554.5,414l-120.7,32.4L362.5,180.7z M189.8,39.3h100c6.9,0,12.5,5.6,12.5,12.5v387.5h-125V51.8C177.3,44.9,182.8,39.3,189.8,39.3z M39.8,39.3h100c6.9,0,12.5,5.6,12.5,12.5v87.5h-125V51.8C27.3,44.9,32.8,39.3,39.8,39.3z M139.8,564.3h-100 c-6.9,0-12.5-5.6-12.5-12.5V164.3h125v387.5C152.2,558.7,146.7,564.3,139.8,564.3z M289.8,564.3h-100c-6.9,0-12.5-5.6-12.5-12.5 v-87.5h125v87.5C302.2,558.7,296.7,564.3,289.8,564.3z M334.7,62.5c1.7-2.9,4.4-5,7.6-5.8l96.6-25.9c6.7-1.8,13.5,2.2,15.3,8.8 c0,0,0,0,0,0l22.6,84.5l-120.7,32.4L333.4,72C332.6,68.8,333,65.4,334.7,62.5z M582.3,532.1c-1.7,2.9-4.4,5-7.6,5.8l-96.6,25.9 c-6.7,1.8-13.5-2.2-15.3-8.8l-22.6-84.5l120.7-32.4l22.6,84.5C584.4,525.8,584,529.3,582.3,532.1L582.3,532.1z"></path> </svg> </span>Asia Briefing Bookstore</a></li> <li><a href="/contact"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 84.8 84.8" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <g id="Layer_2_00000061452189339565592320000007466293850096701362_"> <g> <path class="st1" d="M42.4,55c-2.7,0-5.3-1-7.4-2.7L1.3,24.5c-1.5-1.2-1.7-3.5-0.5-5c1.2-1.5,3.5-1.7,5-0.5l33.7,27.9 c0,0,0,0,0,0c1.6,1.4,4,1.4,5.6,0c0,0,0,0,0,0L79,19c1.5-1.2,3.7-1,5,0.5c1.2,1.5,1,3.7-0.5,5L49.7,52.3 C47.7,54.1,45.1,55,42.4,55z"></path> </g> <g> <path class="st1" d="M81.2,74.4H6.9c-3.8,0-6.8-3.1-6.8-6.8V18.3c0-3.8,3.1-6.8,6.8-6.8H78c3.8,0,6.8,3.1,6.8,6.8v43.8 c0,2-1.6,3.5-3.5,3.5s-3.5-1.6-3.5-3.5V18.5H7.2v48.8h74.1c2,0,3.5,1.6,3.5,3.5S83.2,74.4,81.2,74.4z"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </span> Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/personnel"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 84.8 84.8" style="enable-background:new 0 0 84.8 84.8;" xml:space="preserve"> <path class="st0" d="M42.4,38.1c11.7,0,21.2,9.5,21.2,21.2v25.4h-8.5V59.3c0-6.7-5.2-12.3-12-12.7l-0.7,0c-6.7,0-12.3,5.2-12.7,12 l0,0.7v25.4h-8.5V59.3C21.2,47.6,30.7,38.1,42.4,38.1z M14.9,50.9c1.2,0,2.3,0.1,3.4,0.4c-0.7,2.2-1.2,4.4-1.3,6.7l0,1.4v0.4 c-0.5-0.2-1-0.3-1.5-0.3l-0.6,0c-3.3,0-6,2.5-6.3,5.7l0,0.6v19.1H0V65.7C0,57.5,6.7,50.9,14.9,50.9z M70,50.9 c8.2,0,14.8,6.6,14.8,14.8v19.1h-8.5V65.7c0-3.3-2.5-6-5.7-6.3l-0.6,0c-0.7,0-1.5,0.1-2.1,0.4v-0.4c0-2.8-0.5-5.5-1.3-8.1 C67.6,51,68.8,50.9,70,50.9z M14.9,25.4c5.9,0,10.6,4.7,10.6,10.6s-4.7,10.6-10.6,10.6S4.3,41.9,4.3,36S9,25.4,14.9,25.4z M70,25.4 c5.9,0,10.6,4.7,10.6,10.6S75.8,46.6,70,46.6c-5.9,0-10.6-4.7-10.6-10.6S64.1,25.4,70,25.4z M14.9,33.9c-1.2,0-2.1,0.9-2.1,2.1 s0.9,2.1,2.1,2.1S17,37.2,17,36S16,33.9,14.9,33.9z M70,33.9c-1.2,0-2.1,0.9-2.1,2.1s0.9,2.1,2.1,2.1c1.2,0,2.1-0.9,2.1-2.1 S71.1,33.9,70,33.9z M42.4,0c9.4,0,17,7.6,17,17s-7.6,17-17,17s-17-7.6-17-17S33,0,42.4,0z M42.4,8.5c-4.7,0-8.5,3.8-8.5,8.5 s3.8,8.5,8.5,8.5s8.5-3.8,8.5-8.5S47.1,8.5,42.4,8.5z"></path> </svg> </span> Our Team</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/library" target="_blank"><span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 800 686.7" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="layer1"> <path class="st0" d="M0,3.3v240h40v40H0v240h800v-240h-40v-40h40V3.3H0z M40,43.3h720v160H40V43.3z M80,83.3v40h40v-40H80z M160,83.3v40h40v-40H160z M80,243.3h640v40H80V243.3z M40,323.3h720v160H40V323.3z M80,363.3v40h40v-40H80z M160,363.3v40h40v-40 H160z M320,563.3v40H0v40h320v40h160v-40h320v-40H480v-40H320z M360,603.3h80v40h-80V603.3z"></path> </g> </svg> </span>Asiapedia Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/mediakit" target="_blank"> <span class="IT-block gray-circles"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 84.8 84.8" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path class="st0" d="M66.1,34.3l5.7,5.7L43.1,68.8L14.4,40.1l5.7-5.7L39,53.3V-0.6h8.1v53.8L66.1,34.3z"></path> <path class="st0" d="M79.4,76.7H6.2v8.1h73.2V76.7z"></path> </g> </svg> </span>Download Media Kit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-column menu-cta dsa-cta-rhs-bg poition-bg"> <div class="subs-info"> <h4><a href="#" target="_blank">About ASEAN Briefing</a></h4> <div class="dsa-theme-stripe vb-theme-stripe vb-theme-stripe mb-1rem"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></div> <p>ASEAN Briefing has developed into a premium source for insight on doing business in ASEAN. It publishes business news concerning foreign direct investment into ASEAN, including the most important tax, legal and accounting issues. The ASEAN Briefing Magazine was first published in 2009, and is contributed to by investment professionals based in ASEAN.</p>  </div> <div class="bg_image"><img alt="" src="/assets/images/country-guides/cta-bg-mega-menu-dsa-t.jpg"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="border-epm-l"><a href="/doing-business-guide/singapore" class="no-event has-dropdown ">Doing Business</a> <div class="submenu-container"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="bg-after"><div class="mm_left no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l1_right.png?v3" /></div></div> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="menu-column menu-links scroll-inherit v2"> <div class="resources-dropdown" id="dropdownchangecountry">  <button class="dropdown-btn"> <div id="defaultCountrySelected"> <span><img src="https://cb-2022.netlify.app/images/mega-menu/flag_nation_singapore_icon.png" class="img-responsive"></span> Invest in Singapore </div> <div class="dropdown-content"> <a data-switch_country="indonesia"><span><img src="https://cb-2022.netlify.app/images/mega-menu/flag_indonesia_nation_icon.png" class="img-responsive"></span> Invest in Indonesia</a> <a data-switch_country="singapore"><span><img src="https://cb-2022.netlify.app/images/mega-menu/flag_nation_singapore_icon.png" class="img-responsive"></span> Invest in Singapore</a> </div> </button> </div> <div class="multilevel multilevel-menu-db"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="mega_menu_level1">...</ul> </div> <div class="level2 scrollContainer mega_menu_level2" id="mega_menu_level2"> </div> <div class="level3" id="mega_menu_level3"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <script> // across asean handler var across_asean_menus=document.querySelector(".multilevel_across_asean"); if(across_asean_menus){ let across_asean_menus_l1=across_asean_menus.querySelectorAll(".asean_level1 ul li"); let across_asean_menus_l2=across_asean_menus.querySelectorAll(".asean_level2 ul"); for(i=0;i<=across_asean_menus_l1.length;i++){ if(across_asean_menus_l1[i]){ across_asean_menus_l1[i].addEventListener("mouseover",function(e){ let showDiv=e.target.getAttribute("data-show"); if(!isNaN(showDiv) && showDiv!=null){ // reset active for(i=0;i<=across_asean_menus_l1.length;i++){ if(across_asean_menus_l1[i]) across_asean_menus_l1[i].classList.remove("mm_active"); if(across_asean_menus_l2[i]) across_asean_menus_l2[i].classList.add("hide"); } let mega_menu_level2 = document.querySelector(`.multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 ul.hide[data-show="${showDiv}"]`); if(mega_menu_level2) mega_menu_level2.classList.remove("hide"); setTimeout(function(){ let mega_menu_level2_2 = document.querySelector(`.multilevel_across_asean .asean_level2 ul.hide[data-show="${showDiv}"]`); if(mega_menu_level2_2) { for(i=0;i<=across_asean_menus_l1.length;i++){ if(across_asean_menus_l1[i]) across_asean_menus_l1[i].classList.remove("mm_active"); if(across_asean_menus_l2[i]) across_asean_menus_l2[i].classList.add("hide"); } mega_menu_level2_2.classList.remove("hide"); } },400); e.target.parentElement.classList.add("mm_active"); } }) } } } // end of across asean handler var loaded_menu=[]; var country_default="singapore"; function updateMegaMenu(country){ if(loaded_menu.includes(country)) return false; setTimeout(function() { load_country_menu(country); }, 100); } function load_country_menu(country){ country_default=country; for(i=0;i<=loaded_menu.length;i++){ if(loaded_menu[i]){ if(loaded_menu[i][0]==country) { changeMenu(country); return; } } } // Polyfill for fetch if (!window.fetch) { // Include "whatwg-fetch" polyfill var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fetch/3.0.0/fetch.min.js'; document.head.appendChild(script); } // var load_url='/doing-business-guide/json/'+country; var load_url='https://www.aseanbriefing.com/cache/country_'+country+'.json' // Fetch the JSON data fetch(load_url) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { loaded_menu.push([country,data]); changeMenu(country); }) .catch(error => console.error('Error fetching JSON:', error)); } function changeMenu(country){ for(i=0;i<=loaded_menu.length;i++){ if(loaded_menu[i] && loaded_menu[i][0]==country){ data=loaded_menu[i][1]; } } const mega_menu_level3=document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3'); const menu_level1=document.querySelector('#menu-list ul#mega_menu_level1'); const menu_level2=document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level2'); const menu_level3=document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3'); const Mobile_mega_menu_level2=document.querySelector("#push-menu-list .mega_menu_level2"); const submenuContainer=menu_level1.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement; var l1_active_class="mm_active"; var l2_active_class="mm_active"; mega_menu_level3.innerHTML=''; menu_level1.innerHTML=''; menu_level2.innerHTML=''; var subGuidesHTML=''; Object.keys(data).forEach(function(sectionKey) { var section = data[sectionKey]; var subGuides = section.sub_guides; menu_level1.innerHTML+=`<li class="${l1_active_class}"><a href="/doing-business-guide/${section.slug}" data-show="${section.id}">${section.name}</a></li>`; l1_active_class=""; subGuidesHTML+=`<ul data-show="${section.id}" class="${l2_active_class}"><li><a style="color:#252525 !important;" href="/doing-business-guide/${section.slug}">${section.name} Guides</a></li>`; l2_active_class="hide"; subGuides.forEach((subGuide,index)=>{ subGuidesHTML+=`<li class=""><a href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}">${subGuide.title_dynamic}</a></li>`; // console.log(subGuide,index); }); subGuidesHTML+='</ul>'; if(menu_level2) menu_level2.innerHTML=subGuidesHTML; if(Mobile_mega_menu_level2) Mobile_mega_menu_level2.innerHTML=subGuidesHTML; // Attach the hover event listener to level 1 and level 2 items const level1And2Items = document.querySelectorAll("div#menu-list .level1 a"); level1And2Items.forEach(item => { item.addEventListener("mouseover", handleMegaMenuHover); }); const level2Items = document.querySelectorAll("div#menu-list .level2 a"); level2Items.forEach((item) => { const currentMenu = item.getAttribute("href"); const country_temp = country; // Set the appropriate country value // const debouncedShowMenuDescription = debounce(showMenuDescription, 300); let hoverTimeout; item.addEventListener("mouseover", function (event) { //hoverTimeout = setTimeout(function () { // Add active class to the current li element const activeLis = document.querySelectorAll("div#menu-list .level2 li.mm_active"); if(activeLis){ activeLis.forEach(li => { li.classList.remove("mm_active"); }); } const currentLi = event.target.parentElement; if (currentLi) { currentLi.classList.add("mm_active"); } showMenuDescription(currentMenu, country_temp); //}, 300); }); item.addEventListener('mouseout', function(event){ clearTimeout(hoverTimeout); }); }); }) activeDefailtView(submenuContainer); // Copy to mobile menu // setTimeout(copyMobileMenu,300); } var level2TimeoutID; document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3').addEventListener("mouseover",function(){ clearTimeout(level2TimeoutID); }); function showMenuDescription(currentMenu, country) { var currentMenuHREF=""; if (typeof currentMenu === 'string') { currentMenuHREF=currentMenu; } else { currentMenuHREF=currentMenu.getAttribute("href"); } const delay = 100; // Adjust this value as needed // Clear any existing timeout clearTimeout(level2TimeoutID); // Debounce the function to prevent rapid calls level2TimeoutID = setTimeout(() => { const mega_menu_level3 = document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3'); for (let i = 0; i < loaded_menu.length; i++) { if (loaded_menu[i] && loaded_menu[i][0] == country) { data = loaded_menu[i][1]; } } mega_menu_level3.innerHTML = ""; Object.keys(data).forEach(function (sectionKey) { var section = data[sectionKey]; var subGuides = section.sub_guides; subGuides.forEach((subGuide, index) => { if (currentMenuHREF == "/doing-business-guide/"+subGuide.slug) { var thumb_image = subGuide.thumb_image; if (!thumb_image.startsWith('https://')) { thumb_image = 'https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/350x150/' + thumb_image; } mega_menu_level3.innerHTML = ` <div class="level3_content active"> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}" class="megamenu_l3_link"> <img src="${thumb_image}" width="227" height="127" data-main-src="${thumb_image}" class="img-responsive megamenu_l3_image"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}" class="megamenu_l3_link megamenu_l3_title">${subGuide.title}</a> </h3> <span class="tag"></span> <p class="megamenu_l3_teaser">${subGuide.teaser}</p> <a class="find-out-m-link" href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}" class="megamenu_l3_link">Find out more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> `; // var l3_descriptionImage = mega_menu_level3.querySelector(".megamenu_l3_image"); // l3_descriptionImage.addEventListener("load", function() { // l3_descriptionImage.src = l3_descriptionImage.getAttribute("data-main-src"); // l3_descriptionImage.style.opacity = "1"; // }); } }); }); }, delay); } load_country_menu(country_default); var country_switcher=document.querySelectorAll("a[data-switch_country]"); var country_switcher_dropdown=document.querySelector("#dropdownchangecountry .dropdown-btn"); var country_switcher_dropdown_content=document.querySelector("#dropdownchangecountry .dropdown-btn .dropdown-content"); var defaultCountrySelected=country_switcher_dropdown.querySelector("#defaultCountrySelected"); for(i=0;i<=country_switcher.length;i++){ if(country_switcher[i]){ country_switcher[i].addEventListener('click',function(e){ var selectedCountryForSwitch=this.getAttribute("data-switch_country"); if(selectedCountryForSwitch){ load_country_menu(selectedCountryForSwitch); defaultCountrySelected.innerHTML=this.innerHTML; country_switcher_dropdown_content.style.display = 'none'; setTimeout(() => { country_switcher_dropdown_content.removeAttribute("style"); }, 200); } }) } } // Function to handle the hover event for level 1 and level 2 items function handleMegaMenuHover(event) { // Get the data-show attribute value const showAttr = event.target.getAttribute("data-show"); const parentDiv=event.target.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement; const parentSubmenuContainer=event.target.closest('.submenu-container'); // Delay in milliseconds before showing the next level const delay = 300; // Adjust this value as needed // Clear any existing timeouts clearTimeout(handleMegaMenuHover.timeoutId); // Set a new timeout to show the next level handleMegaMenuHover.timeoutId = setTimeout(() => { // Hide all level 3 elements const level3Elements = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level3 > div"); level3Elements.forEach(element => { // element.style.display = "none"; element.classList.add("hide"); }); // Show the corresponding level 2 or level 3 element based on the data-show attribute value if(parentDiv){ let openLevels=[]; let activeLis=[]; if(parentDiv.classList.contains("level1")){ openLevels = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll('.level2 > ul'); activeLis = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level1 li"); } else { openLevels = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll('.level3 > div'); activeLis = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level2 li"); } // Remove active class from all li elements if(activeLis){ activeLis.forEach(li => { li.classList.remove("mm_active"); }); } if(openLevels){ for(i=0;i<=openLevels.length;i++){ if (openLevels[i]) { openLevels[i].classList.remove("mm_active"); openLevels[i].classList.add("hide"); } } } } const nextLevelElement = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelector(`ul[data-show="${showAttr}"], div[data-show="${showAttr}"]`); if (nextLevelElement) { // nextLevelElement.style.display = "block !important"; nextLevelElement.classList.remove("hide"); // Add active class to the current li element const currentLi = event.target.parentElement; if (currentLi) { currentLi.classList.add("mm_active"); } } // set defaultView for level1 anchor if(parentDiv.classList.contains("level1")){ activeDefailtView(parentDiv.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement); } }, delay); } function activeDefailtView(submenuContainer){ // console.log(submenuContainer); // check if any item is active on level 1 var activeLevel1=submenuContainer.querySelector(".level1 li.mm_active:has(a)"); if(!activeLevel1){ activeLevel1=submenuContainer.querySelector(".level1 li a").parentElement; // if(activeLevel1) activeLevel1.classList.add("mm_active"); } // check and set active item for level2 if(activeLevel1 && activeLevel1.querySelector("a")){ var l1_dataShow=activeLevel1.querySelector("a").getAttribute("data-show"); var activeLevel2=submenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level2 > ul"); for(i=0;i<=activeLevel2.length;i++){ if(activeLevel2[i]){ activeLevel2[i].classList.add("hide"); if(activeLevel2[i].getAttribute("data-show")==l1_dataShow){ activeLevel2[i].classList.remove("hide"); if(activeLevel2[i].querySelector("a")) { activeLevel2[i].querySelector("li:nth-child(2)").classList.add("mm_active"); showMenuDescription(activeLevel2[i].querySelector("li:nth-child(2) a"),country_default); } } } } } } // Level Hovers var levels=document.querySelectorAll(".multilevel.multilevel-menu-db .level1,.multilevel.multilevel-menu-db .level2"); for(i=0;i<=levels.length;i++){ if(levels[i]){ levels[i].addEventListener('mouseover',function(e){ let parent=this.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement; // console.log(parent); let bgAfter=parent.querySelector(".bg-after"); if(bgAfter){ if(this.classList.contains("level2")){ bgAfter.innerHTML='<div class="mm_left"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l2_left.png?v3" /></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l2_right.png?v3" /></div>'; bgAfter.classList.remove("level1"); bgAfter.classList.add("level2"); const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(this); // Calculate the total left offset including margin const marginLeft = parseFloat(computedStyle.marginLeft.replace('px', '')); const paddingLeft = parseFloat(computedStyle.paddingLeft.replace('px', '')); const totalLeftOffset = this.offsetLeft + marginLeft + paddingLeft-30; const rect = this.getBoundingClientRect(); bgAfter.style.left = `${totalLeftOffset}px`; bgAfter.style.width = `${rect.width+55}px`; } else if(this.classList.contains("level1")) { bgAfter.innerHTML='<div class="mm_left no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l1_right.png?v3" /></div>'; bgAfter.classList.remove("level2"); bgAfter.classList.add("level1"); bgAfter.style.left = ''; bgAfter.style.width = ''; } else { bgAfter.innerHTML='<div class="mm_left no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l1_right.png?v3" /></div>'; bgAfter.classList.remove("level2"); bgAfter.classList.remove("level1"); } } }); } } </script> </div> </nav> </header> </section> </header>  <style> .meta_with_subscribe{display: flex;margin-bottom: 2rem;} .meta_with_subscribe .btn.btn-vb{color:#7d64ab !important;margin-left: auto;border:1px solid #7d64ab;max-height:22px;font-size:0.8rem;margin-top: 10px;font-weight: 600;} .article-credit{margin-top: 4rem;} .cross_publish_disclarimer{margin-top: 3rem;} .cross_publish_disclarimer span{background-color: #ffe8af;padding:10px;} @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .meta_with_subscribe{flex-direction: column;} .meta_with_subscribe .btn.btn-vb{margin-left: 0;margin-right: auto;} } </style> <section id="article-section" class="article-section" data-sr-id="3" style="visibility: visible; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 2s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0, 1) 0.2s;"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing pt-6rem-top pb-6rem two-column-layout"> <div class="article-content post-content cat-economy-trade cat-featured tags-indonesia tags-industry-opportunities"> <h1 class="title-border">EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement: Key Provisions and Implications for FDI</h1> <div class="meta_with_subscribe"> <div class="meta" style="align-items: center;margin-bottom: 2rem;"> <time class="entry-date">Aug 09, 2024</time> <span>Posted by <a class="url fn n" href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/" title="View all posts by Vietnam Briefing" rel="author">Vietnam Briefing</a></span> <span class="writtenby">Written by <a class="url fn n ab-author" data-name="Vu Nguyen Hanh" target="_blank" href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/personnel/hanh-vu.html">Vu Nguyen Hanh</a> </span> </div> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/register" class="btn btn-vb" style="">Subscribe to Vietnam Briefing</a> </div> <p><strong><em>As the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) marks four years in August 2024, we review its implementation progress, highlighting key achievements and remaining challenges, to help businesses identify strategies to optimize their benefits from the agreement.</em></strong></p> <hr /> <p>Alongside the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the EVFTA is considered one of the most crucial new-generation free trade agreements (FTAs) that Vietnam is part of. Notably, its signing demonstrated Vietnam’s commitment to enhancing trade relations with the European Union (EU) and addressing concerns over commercial activities and the business environment.</p> <p><div class="advertising-DB-portal vietnam-portal" style="background-image: url('https://cb-2022.netlify.app/images/country-guides/Vietnam-portal-add-banner-desktop.jpg');cursor: pointer;" onclick="window.location='https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/vietnam'"> <div class="advertising-DB-portal-title"><a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/vietnam"><span>DOING BUSINESS IN VIETNAM</span> EXPLORE IN-DEPTH INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS GUIDES.</a></div> <div class="advertising-DB-portal-content"> Explore vital economic, geographic, and regulatory insights for business investors, managers, or expats to navigate Vietnam’s business landscape. Our Online Business Guides offer explainer articles, news, useful tools, and videos from on-the-ground advisors who contribute to the Doing Business in Vietnam knowledge. <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/vietnam">Start exploring</a> </div> </div></p> <h2>Overview of the EVFTA</h2> <p>Having entered into force on August 1, 2020, the EVFTA aims to stimulate economic growth between Vietnam and the EU by improving the investment climate and providing greater certainty for both European and Vietnamese investors.</p> <p>To achieve its objectives, the trade agreement outlined a roadmap to:</p> <ul> <li>Eliminate customs duties, red tape, and other obstacles facing businesses;</li> <li>Streamline trade in key sectors, such as electronics, food products, and pharmaceuticals; and</li> <li>Open Vietnam’s market for EU service exports and vice versa.</li> </ul> <p>Vietnamese traders have stood to benefit from the EVFTA in several ways, including:</p> <ul> <li>Eliminating 99 percent of all tariffs, with the remaining 1 percent being partially removed through limited zero-duty quotas;</li> <li>Reducing regulatory barriers and redundant bureaucracy;</li> <li>Protecting intellectual property rights, including geographical indications for special regional food and drink products;</li> <li>Catalyzing growth in services and public procurement markets; and</li> <li>Ensuring that the agreed-upon rules are enforceable.</li> </ul> <h2>EU-Vietnam trade after the EVFTA</h2> <p>Four years into the agreement, Vietnam has established itself as the leading exporter to the EU within ASEAN, driving economic growth, job creation, and greater consumer access to premium European products. According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT), Vietnam’s export value to the EU has surged by nearly 50 percent, while imports from the EU have also grown by over 40 percent.</p> <p><div class="briefing-cta float-left"> <div class="related">FIND BUSINESS SUPPORT</div> <div class="cta-title"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/services" target="_blank">Build Your Asia Business with Turnkey Market Entry and Cross-Regional Support</a></div> <div class="briefing-logo"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/services" target="_blank"><img alt="Build Your Asia Business with Turnkey Market Entry and Cross-Regional Support" src="" data-src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/assets_ab/images/dsa-logo.svg" class="lazy"></a></div> </div></p> <p>The gradual tariff elimination under the EVFTA has created mutual benefits, offering Vietnamese consumers more affordable, high-quality European goods while fostering the growth of export-oriented sectors.</p> <p>According to the General Department of Vietnam Customs (GDVC), the two-way trade volume reached US$296.87 billion in 2023. For the first half of 2024, GDVC reported that Vietnam’s exports to the EU totaled over US$24.69 billion, marking an annual increase of 15.37 percent. Vietnam’s key exports to the EU included aquatic products, fruits and vegetables, footwear, apparel, wood, and wooden furniture, with the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Spain being the major importers.</p> <h2>Benefits for FDI in Vietnam</h2> <p>According to the European Chamber of Commerce (EuroCham), the EVFTA has significantly contributed to making the EU the sixth-largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam, even though the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA) is still pending. EU members have invested €28 billion (US$30.6 billion) in 2,450 projects in Vietnam, many of which are high-quality investments in high-tech manufacturing and services.</p> <p>The Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) projects that Vietnam will become more attractive to foreign investors due to its comprehensive commitments under the EVFTA. The benefits include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Smoother trade with greater freedom for service industries</strong>: FDI inflows from the EU to Vietnam will increase as EU service providers gain more opportunities from a more open service sector, particularly in business services, environmental services, postal services, banking, insurance, and shipping.</li> <li><strong>New momentum for high-quality investments</strong>: The involvement of developed EU economies provides Vietnam with higher-quality investments, stimulating FDI inflows. Consequently, Vietnam's investment structure will experience significant changes as new partners enter novel investment areas, offering more opportunities for EU investors in sustainable industries such as green and renewable energy.</li> <li><strong>A more transparent and predictable business environment</strong>: The EVFTA supports Vietnam’s ongoing institutional and legislative reforms towards international standards. It promises to enhance the business environment with greater openness, transparency, and predictability, thereby promoting both domestic and foreign investment and facilitating cross-border transactions and services.</li> </ul> <h2>Understanding the EVFTA: Key highlights for businesses</h2> <p>The EVFTA is a comprehensive agreement consisting of 17 chapters, two protocols, and several attached memorandums, covering various aspects of commerce, including:</p> <ul> <li>Trade in goods;</li> <li>Services, investment liberalization, and e-commerce;</li> <li>Government procurement; and</li> <li>Intellectual property rights.</li> </ul> <p>While grasping the full text may seem daunting, there are essential sections that businesses should focus on for a more accessible introduction to the agreement.</p> <p>To explore the EVFTA in detail, businesses can utilize the following resources:</p> <ul> <li>For the full text, visit WTO Center at <a title="https://wtocenter.vn/" href="https://wtocenter.vn/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://wtocenter.vn/</a> which provides the content in a user-friendly format with a table of contents to simplify navigation.</li> <li>For detailed guidance, the <a title="https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/home#my-trade-assistant" href="https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/home#my-trade-assistant" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Access2Markets</a> portal of the European Commission offers search tools for goods and rules of origin, services, investment, and procurement.</li> <li>Alternately, you can reach our Business Intelligence experts at Dezan Shira & Associates for any queries on utilizing the EVFTA to optimize your business growth potential and expand market reach. You may email your queries at <a title="mailto:vietnam@dezshira.com" href="mailto:vietnam@dezshira.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vietnam@dezshira.com</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Tariff removal</h3> <p><div class="briefing-cta float-left"> <div class="related">FIND BUSINESS SUPPORT</div> <div class="cta-title"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/trade-and-e-commerce" target="_blank">How we can help companies leverage growth in the trade and e-commerce industry</a></div> <div class="briefing-logo"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/trade-and-e-commerce" target="_blank"><img alt="How we can help companies leverage growth in the trade and e-commerce industry" src="" data-src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/assets_ab/images/dsa-logo.svg" class="lazy"></a></div> </div></p> <p>The EVFTA is expected to significantly boost Vietnam’s exports to the EU, particularly for products where Vietnam holds competitive advantages, such as agricultural and aquatic goods. Conversely, EU businesses will also benefit from reduced duties when entering the Vietnamese market.</p> <p><strong>The EU’s commitments:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Upon the agreement’s entry into force, the EU will eliminate approximately 85.6 percent of import tariffs on Vietnamese goods, covering 70.3 percent of Vietnam’s export revenue to the EU.</li> <li>Within the next seven years, the EU will remove 99.2 percent of tariffs, accounting for 99.7 percent of Vietnam’s export revenue to the EU.</li> <li>For the remaining 0.3 percent of Vietnam’s export revenue, the EU will provide a tariff-rate quota, with the import tax rate set at zero percent within the quota.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Vietnam’s commitments:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Upon the agreement’s entry into force, Vietnam will eliminate 48.5 percent of tariff lines, representing about 64.5 percent of its total import revenue.</li> <li>Within the next seven years, Vietnam will remove 91.8 percent of tariff lines, accounting for 97.1 percent of EU export revenue.</li> <li>After ten years, 98.3 percent of tariff lines will be eliminated, covering 99.8 percent of total import turnover.</li> <li>For the remaining 1.7 percent of tariff lines, Vietnam will apply a tariff-rate quota under its WTO commitments or follow a special roadmap to gradually remove tariffs.</li> </ul> <h3>How do we track the EVFTA’s tariff elimination roadmap?</h3> <p>Chapter 2 of the agreement addresses national treatment and market access for goods, and includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Annex 2-A</strong>: Reduction or elimination of customs duties.</li> <li><strong>Appendices 2-A-1 and 2-A-2</strong>: Tariff schedules of the EU and Vietnam.</li> <li>Other appendices and annexes on export treatments, such as Vietnam’s export duties schedule, specific measures by Vietnam governing the importation and exportation of goods, goods excluded from the definition of remanufactured goods, and treatments for motor vehicles, motor vehicle parts and equipment, and pharmaceutical/medical products and medical devices.</li> </ul> <p><strong>EVFTA’s tariff elimination roadmap:</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>Refer to the appropriate tariff list:</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Appendix 2-A-1</strong>: Contains the EU tariff schedules for businesses established in Vietnam exporting goods to the EU.</li> <li><strong>Appendix 2-A-2</strong>: Contains the EU tariff schedules for businesses established in the EU exporting goods to Vietnam.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Determine the product’s dismantling category:</strong> <ul> <li>Locate your product by its customs code or description in <strong>Column 2</strong> of the Tariff Schedule. The corresponding category is listed in <strong>Column 4</strong>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Understand the dates of reductions:</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Annex 2-A</strong> details 10 coded categories for each stage of tariff reductions, ranging from immediate elimination to reductions spread over 11 equal annual stages.</li> <li>The first reduction occurred on <strong>August 1, 2020</strong>, the effective date of the EVFTA. Subsequent annual reductions take effect on <strong>January 1</strong> of each following year.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Calculate the custom duty’s interim rate:</strong> <ul> <li>Rates of customs duties during interim stages must be rounded down to at least the nearest 10th of a percentage point.</li> <li>If the rate is in monetary units, the rounding should be down to at least the nearest 10th of one euro cent in the case of the EU.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Refer to quotas:</strong> <ul> <li>Businesses should consult <strong>Section B in Annex 2-A</strong> for quota details.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <table class="table vb" style="width: 100%;" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>Category</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>Equal Annual Stages</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>Dates of Reduction</p> </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>A</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>0</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>From August 1, 2020</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>B3</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>4</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>August 1, 2020<br /> January 1, 2021<br /> January 1, 2022</p> <p>January 1, 2023</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>B5</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>6</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>August 1, 2020<br /> January 1, 2021<br /> (…)</p> <p>January 1, 2025</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>B7</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>8</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>August 1, 2020<br /> January 1, 2021<br /> (…)</p> <p>January 1, 2027</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>B9</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>10</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>August 1, 2020<br /> January 1, 2021<br /> (…)</p> <p>January 1, 2029</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="208"> <p>B10</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>11</p> </td> <td width="208"> <p>August 1, 2020<br /> January 1, 2021<br /> (…)</p> <p>January 1, 2030</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Source: France-Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCIFV)</p> <h3>Rules of origin</h3> <p>The rules of origin (RoO) specify that goods must originate from the EU or Vietnam to qualify for the EVFTA’s tariff reductions. These rules are outlined in Protocol 1, which concerns the definition of ‘originating products’ and the method of administrative cooperation under the EVFTA (hereinafter “Protocol 1”).</p> <p>According to Protocol 1, products are considered to originate in the EU or Vietnam if they meet one of the following criteria:</p> <ol> <li>Products wholly obtained in the EU or Vietnam, as defined in Article 4 on wholly obtained products;</li> <li>Products made exclusively from materials originating in the EU or Vietnam; or</li> <li>Products made in the EU or Vietnam using non-originating materials, provided these materials have undergone sufficient working or processing by fulfilling the product-specific rules in Annex II. These rules include value-added criteria, changes in tariff classification, and specific operations.</li> </ol> <p>Businesses must also comply with requirements related to insufficient working or processing and the non-alteration rule. There is some flexibility regarding tolerances and cumulation to help companies adhere to the product-specific rules.</p> <p>Eligible goods must be accompanied by one of the following proof of origin documents:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Certificate of Origin (CoO)</strong>: Prepared according to the guidelines in Protocol 1.</li> <li><strong>Declaration of Origin (DoO)</strong>: For imports into the EU, a DoO is prepared by an approved exporter for any consignment, regardless of its value, or by any exporter for consignments where the total value does not exceed €6,000, as outlined in Protocol 1.</li> <li><strong>Statement of Origin (SoO)</strong>: For imports into Vietnam, exporters must prepare an SoO and register it in an electronic database in accordance with relevant EU legislation. Under this provision, the relevant government agency in the EU must notify Vietnam that such legislation applies to their exporters.</li> </ul> <h3>Mutual recognition of standards</h3> <p>To safeguard the health, safety, and environment of the signatory members of the EVFTA, the agreement includes several mutual recognition standards to promote trade between the EU and Vietnam, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS);</li> <li>Geographical Indications (GIs);</li> <li>Labor Standards; and</li> <li>Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).</li> </ul> <h3>Promoting and protecting investment</h3> <p><div class="briefing-cta float-left"> <div class="related">FIND BUSINESS SUPPORT</div> <div class="cta-title"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory-services" target="_blank">De-Risk Your Business with Multi-disciplinary Review and Legal Advisory</a></div> <div class="briefing-logo"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory-services" target="_blank"><img alt="De-Risk Your Business with Multi-disciplinary Review and Legal Advisory" src="" data-src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/assets_ab/images/dsa-logo.svg" class="lazy"></a></div> </div></p> <p>To protect investor interests from both sides, the EVFTA establishes an independent Investment Tribunal System to address any commercial disputes. This system will serve as a permanent mechanism for resolving investment disputes among all the agreement’s members.</p> <p>In line with the EVFTA, the Vietnamese government has committed to opening its economy to investments in the manufacturing sector across several key industries. This commitment is expected to enhance FDI in Vietnam, particularly from EU member states.</p> <h3>Intellectual property rights</h3> <p>Under the EVFTA, customs authorities are required to actively engage in the seizure of goods suspected of infringing intellectual property (IP) rights. They must also cooperate with rights holders in the investigation process, including providing relevant information for risk analysis.</p> <h2>Business perceptions and main obstacles</h2> <p>When studying the reaction of Vietnam’s stock markets to EVFTA-relevant events, experts recorded that the markets were significantly sensitive to the developments before the EVFTA entered into force. According to <a title="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294456#sec014" href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294456#sec014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a research article</a> published on February 29, 2024, some industries were negatively affected by the news, as the investing community was afraid the EVFTA would cause consumption to switch to imported brands, resulting in lower demand for local brands. In contrast, industry sectors that enjoy a lower cost of production showed a positive response to the events.</p> <p><div class="briefing-cta float-left"> <div class="related">FIND BUSINESS SUPPORT</div> <div class="cta-title"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/personnel/tag/german" target="_blank">Have a query about the application of EVFTA benefits? Connect with our experts in Europe</a></div> <div class="briefing-logo"><a class="dsa_related_services" href="https://www.dezshira.com/personnel/tag/german" target="_blank"><img alt="Have a query about the application of EVFTA benefits? Connect with our experts in Europe" src="" data-src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/assets_ab/images/dsa-logo.svg" class="lazy"></a></div> </div></p> <p>The research attributes the varying impact on sectors to industry characteristics, changes in competition levels due to new tariff structures, and the entry of new market players.</p> <p>More recently, the EuroCham Business Confidence Index (BCI) survey revealed that nearly two-thirds of respondents experienced varying levels of benefit from the EVFTA. The proportion of respondents reporting moderate to significant advantages rose to 27 percent in 2024, up from 18 percent in 2023. Meanwhile, those who had not yet seen tangible gains decreased to about 25 percent in 2024, down from 31 percent in 2023.</p> <p>The survey highlighted that “EuroCham members consistently cite tariff reductions, increased market competitiveness, and expanded market access as key benefits. Other advantages include streamlined supply chains, improved business transparency, and a stronger legal framework.”</p> <p>However, it also identified current challenges in implementing the EVFTA, including:</p> <ul> <li>Complex regulatory requirements and insufficient recognition of international standards by local authorities;</li> <li>A lack of understanding of the agreement among stakeholders, coupled with customs valuation issues and opaque clearance procedures; and</li> <li>Technical barriers, particularly in certification and product testing.</li> </ul> <h2>Key takeaways</h2> <p>The EVFTA mandates commitments from both the EU and Vietnam to lower tariff barriers, enhance trade, and expand market access for high-quality investments. Despite these commitments, firms must navigate existing obstacles to fully leverage the EVFTA’s potential for their businesses. They should consider the following strategies:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Enhance production strategy</strong>: Businesses should focus on boosting production capacity, engaging in deep processing, and strategically sourcing raw materials to meet EVFTA standards and improve overall competitiveness.</li> <li><strong>Develop a strong brand</strong>: With low prices no longer being a strong competitive edge, businesses need to build a brand based on consumer trust and recognition. Companies should establish their presence in international markets, ideally through cross-border e-commerce platforms, and adapt their brand development strategies and production plans to align with EU technical standards and consumer preferences.</li> <li><strong>Monitor tariff reduction timelines</strong>: Since tariff elimination for different products follows a roadmap extending over 11 years, firms must stay informed about these timelines to effectively plan their export and market expansion strategies.</li> <li><strong>Understand mutual recognition of standards</strong>: In addition to tariff schedules and rules of origin, businesses should familiarize themselves with standards and regulations related to quality and safety for industrial goods, as well as sanitary and SPS standards for agricultural products and foodstuffs. It is also important to understand regulations on geographical indications, labor standards, and CSR.</li> </ul> <p><p class="cross_publish_disclarimer"><span>This article first appeared on Vietnam Briefing, our sister platform.</span></p><div class="article-credit"> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><em><strong>About Us</strong></em></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><em>ASEAN Briefing is produced by <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dezan Shira & Associates</a>. The firm assists foreign investors throughout Asia and maintains offices throughout ASEAN, including in <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/singapore.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Singapore</a>, <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/vietnam/hanoi.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hanoi</a>, <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/vietnam/ho-chi-minh-city.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, and <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/vietnam/da-nang.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Da Nang</a> in Vietnam, in addition to <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/indonesia.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jakarta</a>, in Indonesia. We also have partner firms in <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/malaysia.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Malaysia</a>, the <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/philippines.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Philippines</a>, and <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/thailand.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Thailand</a> as well as our practices in <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/china" target="_blank" rel="noopener">China </a>and <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">India</a>. Please contact us at <a href="mailto:asean@dezshira.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">asean@dezshira.com</a> or visit our website at <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.dezshira.com</a>.</em></span></p> </div></p> </div> <div class="right-column right-column-20per margin-left-4rem"> <div id="toc"></div> <div class="dsa-events-block"> <div class="title-border">Events in ASEAN <span><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/events/search?ENTRY=%252Fmockups%252Fbriefings%252Fcross-publishing%252Fvb_on_asean.html" target="_blank">All Events</a></span></div> <p>Our free webinars are packed full of useful information for doing business in ASEAN.</p>  <div class="glide glide-fade glide--ltr glide--carousel glide--swipeable" id="event-slider" data-preview="1" data-previewtablet="1"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <ul class="glide__slides" id="load_events_carousel" style="transition: transform 0ms ease 0s; width: 1020px; transform: translate3d(-340px, 0px, 0px);"> <li class="glide__slide--clone" style="width: 340px; margin-right: 0px;"></li><li style="width: 340px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" class="glide__slide--clone"></li><li style="width: 340px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" class="glide__slide--clone"></li><li style="width: 340px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" class="glide__slide--active"></li> <li class="glide__slide--clone" style="width: 340px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"></li><li style="width: 340px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" class="glide__slide--clone"></li><li style="width: 340px; margin-left: 0px;" class="glide__slide--clone"></li></ul> </div> <div class="glide__bullets" data-glide-el="controls[nav]" id="load_events_carousel_indicators"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebox download-card dsa-cta-rhs mb-3rem mt-3rem"> <a class="dsa_news_sidebar_ad" href="https://www.dezshira.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/assets/images/dsa-logo.svg" data-src="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/assets/images/dsa-logo.svg" class="" alt="DEZAN SHIRA & ASSOCIATES"></a> <div class="subs-info"> <h4><a class="dsa_news_sidebar_ad" href="https://www.dezshira.com" target="_blank">DEZAN SHIRA & ASSOCIATES</a></h4> <p> Meet the firm behind our content. Visit their website to see how their services can help your business succeed. </p> <a class="dsa_news_sidebar_ad text-uppercase btn btn-outline-gray mb-1rem" href="https://www.dezshira.com/about-us/our-firm.html" target="_blank">About Us</a> <a class="dsa_news_sidebar_ad text-uppercase btn btn-gray mb-1rem" href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact" target="_blank">Find an Advisor</a> </div> </div> <div class="dsa-ab-weekly mt-3rem" style="position:sticky;position: -webkit-sticky;top:170px;"> <div class="sidebox ab-weekly"> <div class="mb-1rem"> <img src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/userfiles/misc/logo/AB Newsletter Weekly.svg" data-src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/userfiles/misc/logo/AB Newsletter Weekly.svg" alt="China Briefing Weekly Newsletter" class="" width="100"> </div> <div class="subs-info text-center"> <h5>Want the Latest Sent to Your Inbox?</h5> <p>Subscribing grants you this, plus free access to our articles and magazines.</p> <a class="text-uppercase btn btn-outline-theme" href="/register">SUBSCRIBE</a> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </section> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/wp-content/themes/aseanb_2023/assets/toc.js?4&ver=6.0' id='custom-js'></script> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { htmlContents('#toc', { bottom: 3, listType: 'u', filter: '.noOutline' }) }); // Lazy Loading Images document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { // Load mega menu var menuDiv=document.getElementById("menu-list"); const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('GET', 'https://www.aseanbriefing.com/cache/menu_aseanb.php', true); xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) { menuDiv.innerHTML = xhr.responseText; var menuDivUpdated=document.getElementById("menu-list"); // Reinitiate Model For Search initiateModelsOnPage(); // Reinitiate copy mobile to hamburger if (document.getElementById("menu-list") && document.getElementById("push-menu-list")) document.getElementById("push-menu-list").innerHTML = document.getElementById("menu-list").innerHTML; // click for mega menu li on mobile var menus_li = document.querySelectorAll("#push-menu-list > ul > li"); for (i = 0; i < menus_li.length; i++) { menus_li[i].addEventListener("click", function(e) { // e.preventDefault(); e.stopPropagation(); this.classList.toggle("active"); }); } // Reinitiate lazy load images inside mega menu var megaMenus=document.querySelectorAll("#menu-list ul li"); megaMenus.forEach(function(m){ m.addEventListener("mouseover",function(e){ var menuLazyImages = m.querySelectorAll("img.lazy"); menuLazyImages.forEach(function(img) { img.src = img.dataset.src; img.classList.remove('lazy'); }); }); }); } }; xhr.send(); // Lady Load images var lazyloadImages = document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy"); var lazyloadThrottleTimeout; function lazyload() { if (lazyloadThrottleTimeout) { clearTimeout(lazyloadThrottleTimeout); } lazyloadThrottleTimeout = setTimeout(function() { var scrollTop = window.pageYOffset; lazyloadImages.forEach(function(img) { if (img.offsetTop < (window.innerHeight + scrollTop)) { img.src = img.dataset.src; img.classList.remove('lazy'); } }); if (lazyloadImages.length == 0) { document.removeEventListener("scroll", lazyload); window.removeEventListener("resize", lazyload); window.removeEventListener("orientationChange", lazyload); } }, 20); } document.addEventListener("scroll", lazyload); window.addEventListener("resize", lazyload); window.addEventListener("orientationChange", lazyload); window.addEventListener("load", lazyload); // if(menuDiv) menuDiv.addEventListener("mouseenter", lazyload); ////////////////////////////////////// // Populating RHS Events Widget //document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(){ // To avoid resource unavailable issue setTimeout(function() { var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); var url = "https://www.aseanbriefing.com/cache/events_asean.json"; // var url = "/cache/events_vietnam.json?2"; xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { var eventsData = JSON.parse(this.responseText); showEventsOnCarousel(eventsData); portalMenuScripts(); if (typeof Glide != "undefined" && document.querySelector('#event-slider') !== null) { new Glide("#event-slider").mount(); } } }; xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true); xmlhttp.send(); }, 1000); function showEventsOnCarousel(eventsData) { console.log(eventsData); var out = ""; var out_indicator = ""; var i; for (i = 0; i < eventsData.length; i++) { var mS = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'Aug', 'Sept', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']; var dt = new Date(eventsData[i].start_date); active = ""; if (i == 0) active = "active"; out_indicator += `<button class="glide__bullet ${active}" data-glide-dir="=${i}"></button>`; out += ` <li class="glide__slide glide__slide--${active}"> <div class="hp-event-row"> <div class="hp-event-date"><span>${dt.getDate()}</span><span>${mS[dt.getMonth()]}</span></div> <div class="hp-event-info"><a class="hp-event-link" href="https://www.dezshira.com/events/details/${eventsData[i].slug}" target="_blank"> <h3 class="hp-event-title">${eventsData[i].name}</h3> </a> <div> <span class="hp-event-time">${eventsData[i].location}</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="event-experty">`; for (const property in eventsData[i].speaker) { designation = eventsData[i].speaker[property].designation; if (designation == "" || designation == undefined) { designation = eventsData[i].speaker[property].designation1.name; //if(designation!="Partner") designation+=", "+eventsData[i].speaker[property].designation1.department; } out += `<div class="experty-Profile"> <a href="http://www.dezshira.com/personnel/${eventsData[i].speaker[property].url}" target="_blank"><img class="img-circle" src="https://www.asiabriefing.com/site-mgmt-v2/new/userfiles/personnel/${eventsData[i].speaker[property].picture}" alt="" width="140" height="140"></a> <h4><a href="http://www.dezshira.com/personnel/${eventsData[i].speaker[property].url}">${eventsData[i].speaker[property].f_name} ${eventsData[i].speaker[property].l_name}</a></h4> <h5>${designation}</h5> </div>`; } out += `</div> <div class="register"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/events/details/${eventsData[i].slug}" target="_blank" class="btn btn-theme">Join Event</a></div> </div></li>`; } document.getElementById("load_events_carousel").innerHTML = out; document.getElementById("load_events_carousel_indicators").innerHTML = out_indicator; } }); </script> <script> function portalMenuScripts(){ var loaded_menu=[]; var country_default="singapore"; function updateMegaMenu(country){ if(loaded_menu.includes(country)) return false; setTimeout(function() { load_country_menu(country); }, 100); } function load_country_menu(country){ country_default=country; for(i=0;i<=loaded_menu.length;i++){ if(loaded_menu[i]){ if(loaded_menu[i][0]==country) { changeMenu(country); return; } } } // Polyfill for fetch if (!window.fetch) { // Include "whatwg-fetch" polyfill var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fetch/3.0.0/fetch.min.js'; document.head.appendChild(script); } // var load_url='/doing-business-guide/json/'+country; var load_url='https://www.aseanbriefing.com/cache/country_'+country+'.json' // Fetch the JSON data fetch(load_url) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { loaded_menu.push([country,data]); changeMenu(country); }) .catch(error => console.error('Error fetching JSON:', error)); } function changeMenu(country){ for(i=0;i<=loaded_menu.length;i++){ if(loaded_menu[i] && loaded_menu[i][0]==country){ data=loaded_menu[i][1]; } } const mega_menu_level3=document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3'); const menu_level1=document.querySelector('#menu-list ul#mega_menu_level1'); const menu_level2=document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level2'); const menu_level3=document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3'); const Mobile_mega_menu_level2=document.querySelector("#push-menu-list .mega_menu_level2"); const submenuContainer=menu_level1.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement; var l1_active_class="mm_active"; var l2_active_class="mm_active"; mega_menu_level3.innerHTML=''; menu_level1.innerHTML=''; menu_level2.innerHTML=''; var subGuidesHTML=''; Object.keys(data).forEach(function(sectionKey) { var section = data[sectionKey]; var subGuides = section.sub_guides; menu_level1.innerHTML+=`<li class="${l1_active_class}"><a href="/doing-business-guide/${section.slug}" data-show="${section.id}">${section.name}</a></li>`; l1_active_class=""; subGuidesHTML+=`<ul data-show="${section.id}" class="${l2_active_class}"><li><a style="color:#252525 !important;" href="/doing-business-guide/${section.slug}">${section.name} Guides</a></li>`; l2_active_class="hide"; subGuides.forEach((subGuide,index)=>{ subGuidesHTML+=`<li class=""><a href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}">${subGuide.title_dynamic}</a></li>`; // console.log(subGuide,index); }); subGuidesHTML+='</ul>'; if(menu_level2) menu_level2.innerHTML=subGuidesHTML; if(Mobile_mega_menu_level2) Mobile_mega_menu_level2.innerHTML=subGuidesHTML; // Attach the hover event listener to level 1 and level 2 items const level1And2Items = document.querySelectorAll("div#menu-list .level1 a"); level1And2Items.forEach(item => { item.addEventListener("mouseover", handleMegaMenuHover); }); const level2Items = document.querySelectorAll("div#menu-list .level2 a"); level2Items.forEach((item) => { const currentMenu = item.getAttribute("href"); const country_temp = country; // Set the appropriate country value // const debouncedShowMenuDescription = debounce(showMenuDescription, 300); let hoverTimeout; item.addEventListener("mouseover", function (event) { //hoverTimeout = setTimeout(function () { // Add active class to the current li element const activeLis = document.querySelectorAll("div#menu-list .level2 li.mm_active"); if(activeLis){ activeLis.forEach(li => { li.classList.remove("mm_active"); }); } const currentLi = event.target.parentElement; if (currentLi) { currentLi.classList.add("mm_active"); } showMenuDescription(currentMenu, country_temp); //}, 300); }); item.addEventListener('mouseout', function(event){ clearTimeout(hoverTimeout); }); }); }) activeDefailtView(submenuContainer); // Copy to mobile menu // setTimeout(copyMobileMenu,300); } var level2TimeoutID; document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3').addEventListener("mouseover",function(){ clearTimeout(level2TimeoutID); }); function showMenuDescription(currentMenu, country) { var currentMenuHREF=""; if (typeof currentMenu === 'string') { currentMenuHREF=currentMenu; } else { currentMenuHREF=currentMenu.getAttribute("href"); } const delay = 100; // Adjust this value as needed // Clear any existing timeout clearTimeout(level2TimeoutID); // Debounce the function to prevent rapid calls level2TimeoutID = setTimeout(() => { const mega_menu_level3 = document.querySelector('#menu-list #mega_menu_level3'); for (let i = 0; i < loaded_menu.length; i++) { if (loaded_menu[i] && loaded_menu[i][0] == country) { data = loaded_menu[i][1]; } } mega_menu_level3.innerHTML = ""; Object.keys(data).forEach(function (sectionKey) { var section = data[sectionKey]; var subGuides = section.sub_guides; subGuides.forEach((subGuide, index) => { if (currentMenuHREF == "/doing-business-guide/"+subGuide.slug) { var thumb_image = subGuide.thumb_image; if (!thumb_image.startsWith('https://')) { thumb_image = 'https://resource.dezshira.com/resize/350x150/' + thumb_image; } mega_menu_level3.innerHTML = ` <div class="level3_content active"> <div class="briefing-news"> <div class="posts"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}" class="megamenu_l3_link"> <img src="${thumb_image}" width="227" height="127" data-main-src="${thumb_image}" class="img-responsive megamenu_l3_image"> </a> </div> <div class="news-content"> <h3> <a href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}" class="megamenu_l3_link megamenu_l3_title">${subGuide.title}</a> </h3> <span class="tag"></span> <p class="megamenu_l3_teaser">${subGuide.teaser}</p> <a class="find-out-m-link" href="/doing-business-guide/${subGuide.slug}" class="megamenu_l3_link">Find out more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> `; // var l3_descriptionImage = mega_menu_level3.querySelector(".megamenu_l3_image"); // l3_descriptionImage.addEventListener("load", function() { // l3_descriptionImage.src = l3_descriptionImage.getAttribute("data-main-src"); // l3_descriptionImage.style.opacity = "1"; // }); } }); }); }, delay); } load_country_menu(country_default); var country_switcher=document.querySelectorAll("a[data-switch_country]"); var country_switcher_dropdown=document.querySelector("#dropdownchangecountry .dropdown-btn"); var country_switcher_dropdown_content=document.querySelector("#dropdownchangecountry .dropdown-btn .dropdown-content"); var defaultCountrySelected=country_switcher_dropdown.querySelector("#defaultCountrySelected"); for(i=0;i<=country_switcher.length;i++){ if(country_switcher[i]){ country_switcher[i].addEventListener('click',function(e){ var selectedCountryForSwitch=this.getAttribute("data-switch_country"); if(selectedCountryForSwitch){ load_country_menu(selectedCountryForSwitch); defaultCountrySelected.innerHTML=this.innerHTML; country_switcher_dropdown_content.style.display = 'none'; setTimeout(() => { country_switcher_dropdown_content.removeAttribute("style"); }, 200); } }) } } // Function to handle the hover event for level 1 and level 2 items function handleMegaMenuHover(event) { // Get the data-show attribute value const showAttr = event.target.getAttribute("data-show"); const parentDiv=event.target.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement; const parentSubmenuContainer=event.target.closest('.submenu-container'); // Delay in milliseconds before showing the next level const delay = 300; // Adjust this value as needed // Clear any existing timeouts clearTimeout(handleMegaMenuHover.timeoutId); // Set a new timeout to show the next level handleMegaMenuHover.timeoutId = setTimeout(() => { // Hide all level 3 elements const level3Elements = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level3 > div"); level3Elements.forEach(element => { // element.style.display = "none"; element.classList.add("hide"); }); // Show the corresponding level 2 or level 3 element based on the data-show attribute value if(parentDiv){ let openLevels=[]; let activeLis=[]; if(parentDiv.classList.contains("level1")){ openLevels = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll('.level2 > ul'); activeLis = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level1 li"); } else { openLevels = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll('.level3 > div'); activeLis = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level2 li"); } // Remove active class from all li elements if(activeLis){ activeLis.forEach(li => { li.classList.remove("mm_active"); }); } if(openLevels){ for(i=0;i<=openLevels.length;i++){ if (openLevels[i]) { openLevels[i].classList.remove("mm_active"); openLevels[i].classList.add("hide"); } } } } const nextLevelElement = parentSubmenuContainer.querySelector(`ul[data-show="${showAttr}"], div[data-show="${showAttr}"]`); if (nextLevelElement) { // nextLevelElement.style.display = "block !important"; nextLevelElement.classList.remove("hide"); // Add active class to the current li element const currentLi = event.target.parentElement; if (currentLi) { currentLi.classList.add("mm_active"); } } // set defaultView for level1 anchor if(parentDiv.classList.contains("level1")){ activeDefailtView(parentDiv.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement); } }, delay); } function activeDefailtView(submenuContainer){ // console.log(submenuContainer); // check if any item is active on level 1 var activeLevel1=submenuContainer.querySelector(".level1 li.mm_active:has(a)"); if(!activeLevel1){ activeLevel1=submenuContainer.querySelector(".level1 li a").parentElement; // if(activeLevel1) activeLevel1.classList.add("mm_active"); } // check and set active item for level2 if(activeLevel1 && activeLevel1.querySelector("a")){ var l1_dataShow=activeLevel1.querySelector("a").getAttribute("data-show"); var activeLevel2=submenuContainer.querySelectorAll(".level2 > ul"); for(i=0;i<=activeLevel2.length;i++){ if(activeLevel2[i]){ activeLevel2[i].classList.add("hide"); if(activeLevel2[i].getAttribute("data-show")==l1_dataShow){ activeLevel2[i].classList.remove("hide"); if(activeLevel2[i].querySelector("a")) { activeLevel2[i].querySelector("li:nth-child(2)").classList.add("mm_active"); showMenuDescription(activeLevel2[i].querySelector("li:nth-child(2) a"),country_default); } } } } } } // Level Hovers var levels=document.querySelectorAll(".multilevel .level1,.multilevel .level2"); for(i=0;i<=levels.length;i++){ if(levels[i]){ levels[i].addEventListener('mouseover',function(e){ let parent=this.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement; // console.log(parent); let bgAfter=parent.querySelector(".bg-after"); if(bgAfter){ if(this.classList.contains("level2")){ bgAfter.innerHTML='<div class="mm_left"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l2_left.png?v3" /></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l2_right.png?v3" /></div>'; bgAfter.classList.remove("level1"); bgAfter.classList.add("level2"); const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(this); // Calculate the total left offset including margin const marginLeft = parseFloat(computedStyle.marginLeft.replace('px', '')); const paddingLeft = parseFloat(computedStyle.paddingLeft.replace('px', '')); const totalLeftOffset = this.offsetLeft + marginLeft + paddingLeft-30; const rect = this.getBoundingClientRect(); bgAfter.style.left = `${totalLeftOffset}px`; bgAfter.style.width = `${rect.width+55}px`; } else if(this.classList.contains("level1")) { bgAfter.innerHTML='<div class="mm_left no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l1_right.png?v3" /></div>'; bgAfter.classList.remove("level2"); bgAfter.classList.add("level1"); bgAfter.style.left = ''; bgAfter.style.width = ''; } else { bgAfter.innerHTML='<div class="mm_left no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_center no_shadow"></div><div class="mm_right"><img src="/assets/images/mega-menu/aseanb/l1_right.png?v3" /></div>'; bgAfter.classList.remove("level2"); bgAfter.classList.remove("level1"); } } }); } } } </script> <footer class="footer"> <section class="footer-top"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <ul class="briefings-logo mb-3rem"> <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom large-logo" data-tooltip="Dezan Shira & Associates"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprite-icons sprite-dsa"></span></a> </li> <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom large-logo" data-tooltip="Asia Briefing"> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/"><span class="sprite sprite-icons sprite-ab"></span></a> </li> <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tooltip="China Briefing"> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-cb"></span></a> </li> <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tooltip="India Briefing"> <a href="https://www.india-briefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-ib"></span></a> </li> <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tooltip="Vietnam Briefing"> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-vb"></span></a> </li>  <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tooltip="ASEAN Briefing"> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-aseanb"></span></a> </li>  <li class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tooltip="Middle East Briefing"> <a href="https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite sprit-briefing-icons sprite-meb"></span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="footer-link-col"> <div class="subhead">About Us</div> <ul> <li><a href="/about-us/overview.html">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/personnel">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/">News</a></li> <li><a href="/events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/register">Subscribe</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-link-col"> <div class="subhead">Topics</div> <ul> <li> <a href="/news/category/economy-trade">Economy & Trade</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/category/tax-accounting">Tax & Accounting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/category/legal-regulatory">Legal & Regulatory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/category/industries">Industries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/category/human-resources-payroll">HR & Payroll</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-link-col"> <div class="subhead">Bookstore</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store" target="_blank">Visit Publication</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/login?goto=customer/account" target="_blank">My Account</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/login?goto=customer/orders" target="_blank">My Order History</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/search" target="_blank">Products</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-link-col"> <div class="subhead">Media Partners</div> <ul> <li><a href="/partners">Partner</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-social"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ChinaBriefing99" target="_blank"><span class="sprite social-icons sprite-facebook"></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/chinabriefing" target="_blank"><span class="sprite social-icons sprite-twitter"></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/asia-briefing-ltd-/" target="_blank"><span class="sprite social-icons sprite-linkedin"></span></a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="footer-copyright"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="flex-spacing"> <div class="copyright">©1992-2025 Dezan Shira & Associates All Rights Reserved.</div> <ul class="list-inline footer-menu"> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/terms-of-use.html" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/privacy-policy.html" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </footer> </div>  <div id="serach-modal" class="modal"> <div class="modal-content" action=""> <span class="close" title="Close Modal">×</span> <style> /* #serach-modal .modal-content { max-width: 98%; } #serach-modal.modal { padding-top: 215px; height: 70vh; } .search-form-panel { width: 25% !important; } .result-panel { width: 73%; } .result_step1,.result_step2 { display: flex; padding-top: 0; } .result_step1 .search-block-second { width: calc(34% - 50px); margin-right: 10%; } .countryGuideSearchPopup h1 { margin: 0 0 2.5rem 0 !important; } .back-more-source{justify-content: space-between;} .back-btn{width:auto;margin:0;padding:0;} .countryGuideSearchPopup .search-topics-block.search-topics-block-step2 .search-topics-title{border:0 !important;padding-left: 0 !important;} .search_results .article-content h5 a{font-family: "MarkW01-medium",Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;} .search-block-second .category{margin-top:0.5rem !important;} .search-block-second .resource-section .list-unstyled.unstyled li:last-child{border-bottom:solid 1px #e9ecef;} */ .d-none{display:none;} </style>  <div class="container"> <div class="overlay-content"> <div class="countryGuideSearchPopup"> <h5 style="text-align: left!important;font-size: 1.3rem!important;margin: 0 0 2.5rem 0!important;font-weight:700;">Search our guides, media and news archives</h5> <div class="search-topics-block search-topics-block-second"> <div class="search-block-second search-form-panel"> <div class="restrict-search"> <form name="searchform" onsubmit="return doSearchAll()"> <div class="form-flex-box"> <input type="text" placeholder="Keyword search" name="search" autofocus="autofocus" id="searchKeyword" onkeyup="handleTimer()"> <button type="submit"> <img alt="" src="/assets/images/search-white-icon.svg"> </button> </div> <div class="ap-area__filter"> <label class="guide-c active">Guide category</label> <div class="guidecategorylist"> <div class="ap-area__filter--checkbox"> <input id="1" type="checkbox" name="search_category" value="Why Indonesia" onchange="doSearchAll()"> <label for="1">Economy & Trade</label> </div> <div class="ap-area__filter--checkbox"> <input id="2" type="checkbox" name="search_category" value="Where to Invest" onchange="doSearchAll()"> <label for="2">Where to Invest</label> </div> <div class="ap-area__filter--checkbox"> <input id="3" type="checkbox" name="search_category" value="Sector Insights" onchange="doSearchAll()"> <label for="3">Sector Insights </label> </div> <div class="ap-area__filter--checkbox"> <input id="4" type="checkbox" name="search_category" value="Company Establishment" onchange="doSearchAll()"> <label for="4">Business Setup</label> </div> <div class="ap-area__filter--checkbox"> <input id="5" type="checkbox" name="search_category" value="Human Resources and Payroll" onchange="doSearchAll()"> <label for="5">HR Employment & Payroll </label> </div> <div class="ap-area__filter--checkbox"> <input id="6" type="checkbox" name="search_category" value="Taxation and Accounting" onchange="doSearchAll()"> <label for="6">Tax, Accounting and Audit </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region-filter"> <select class="required form-select-input" id="region_filter" name="region_filter"> <option value="" selected="true" disabled="disabled">Region </option> <option value="">All</option> <option value="asean">ASEAN</option> <option value="vietnam">Vietnam</option> <option value="indonesia">Indonesia</option> <option value="singapore">Singapore</option> </select> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="result-panel"> <div class="status d-none" id="search_loading"> <div class="search_loader"></div> </div>  <div class="result_step1 countryGuideSearchPopup" id="countryGuideSearchPopup" style="width: initial;"> <p>Type keyword to begin searching...</p> </div>   <div class="result_step2 countryGuideSearchPopup d-none" id="countryGuideSearchPopupFULL" style="width: initial;"> <div class="search-topics-block search-topics-block-step2"> <div class="search-topics"> <div id="resultFull"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> var countryGuideSearchPopupFULL = document.getElementById("countryGuideSearchPopupFULL"); var countryGuideSearchFullResult = document.getElementById("resultFull"); var search_loading = document.getElementById("search_loading"); var currentFullSearchText=document.getElementById("currentFullSearch"); var countryGuideSearchPopup = document.getElementById("countryGuideSearchPopup"); function loadFull(type) { var backBTN=document.getElementById("backBTN"); if(backBTN) backBTN.classList.remove("d-none"); doSearchFull(type); countryGuideSearchPopup.classList.add("d-none"); countryGuideSearchPopupFULL.classList.remove("d-none"); } function closeFull() { var backBTN=document.getElementById("backBTN"); if(backBTN) backBTN.classList.add("d-none"); countryGuideSearchPopup.classList.remove("d-none"); countryGuideSearchPopupFULL.classList.add("d-none"); } function doSearchAll() { closeFull(); var keyword=document.getElementById("searchKeyword").value; if(keyword=="") return false; search_loading.classList.remove("d-none"); var region_checkbox_val="asean"; var region_checkboxElement=document.querySelector("select#region_filter"); if(region_checkboxElement && region_checkboxElement.value!=""){ region_checkbox_val=region_checkboxElement.value } // var region_checkbox=document.querySelectorAll("input[name='region_filter']:checked"); // var region_checkbox_val="" // for (var i=0;i<region_checkbox.length; i++) { // region_checkbox_val+= region_checkbox[i].value+","; // } // if(region_checkbox_val=="") region_checkbox_val="asean"; var category_checkbox=document.querySelectorAll("input[name='search_category']:checked"); var category_checkbox_val="" for (var i=0;i<category_checkbox.length; i++) { category_checkbox_val+= category_checkbox[i].value+","; } if(category_checkbox_val=="") category_checkbox_val=""; if(keyword!=""){ var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { search_loading.classList.add("d-none"); countryGuideSearchPopup.innerHTML=xhttp.responseText; } } var qs='https://www.aseanbriefing.com/searchALLTypes?q=' + encodeURIComponent(keyword); if(region_checkbox_val!=""){ qs+="&region="+region_checkbox_val; } if(category_checkbox_val!=""){ qs+="&category="+category_checkbox_val; } xhttp.open("GET", qs, true); xhttp.send(); } return false; } function doSearchFull(type) { var keyword=document.getElementById("searchKeyword").value; search_loading.classList.remove("d-none"); // currentFullSearchText.innerHTML=type.toUpperCase(); var region_checkbox=document.querySelectorAll("input[name='search_restrict']:checked"); var region_checkbox_val="" for (var i=0;i<region_checkbox.length; i++) { region_checkbox_val+= region_checkbox[i].value+","; } if(region_checkbox_val=="") region_checkbox_val="asean"; if(keyword!=""){ var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { search_loading.classList.add("d-none"); countryGuideSearchFullResult.innerHTML=xhttp.responseText; } } var qs='https://www.aseanbriefing.com/searchAll?q=' + encodeURIComponent(keyword)+'&type='+type; if(region_checkbox_val!=""){ qs+="&region="+region_checkbox_val; } xhttp.open("GET", qs, true); xhttp.send(); } return false; } // Assign Search Timer var delayTimer; function handleTimer(){ clearTimeout(delayTimer); delayTimer = setTimeout(doSearchAll,1000); } // Auto focus on search popup var searchModel=document.querySelector('.model-trigger[data-model="serach-modal"]'); if(searchModel){ searchModel.addEventListener('click',function(e){ window.setTimeout(function () { document.getElementById("searchKeyword").focus(); }, 20); }) } // Accordion toggle var coll = document.getElementsByClassName("guide-c"); var i; for (i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) { coll[i].addEventListener("click", function() { this.classList.toggle("active"); var guidecategorylist = this.nextElementSibling; if (guidecategorylist.style.display === "block") { guidecategorylist.style.display = "none"; } else { guidecategorylist.style.display = "block"; } }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="scrolldown-instruction"> <div class="arrow"></div> </div> <a class="top-link hide" href="" id="js-top"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M0 16.67l2.829 2.83 9.175-9.339 9.167 9.339 2.829-2.83-11.996-12.17z"></path> </svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Back to top</span> </a> <script> // Guide Download Click Tracker var modelTrigger = document.querySelectorAll(".model-trigger"); for (i = 0; i < modelTrigger.length; i++) { if (modelTrigger[i] && (modelTrigger[i].classList.contains("download-guide") || modelTrigger[i].classList.contains("download-btn") || modelTrigger[i].classList.contains("mobile_download_button"))) { modelTrigger[i].addEventListener('click', function(e) { var pubIframe = document.querySelector("iframe.publiction-preview-iframe"); if (pubIframe) { pubIframe.src = "https://www.asiabriefing.com/download_guide_popup/"; } }); } } // End of Glide Download Click Tracker // Lazy Loading Images document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { var lazyloadImages = document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy"); var lazyloadThrottleTimeout; function lazyload() { if (lazyloadThrottleTimeout) { clearTimeout(lazyloadThrottleTimeout); } lazyloadThrottleTimeout = setTimeout(function() { var scrollTop = window.pageYOffset; lazyloadImages.forEach(function(img) { if (img.offsetTop < (window.innerHeight + scrollTop)) { img.src = img.dataset.src; img.classList.remove('lazy'); } }); if (lazyloadImages.length == 0) { document.removeEventListener("scroll", lazyload); window.removeEventListener("resize", lazyload); window.removeEventListener("orientationChange", lazyload); } }, 20); } document.addEventListener("scroll", lazyload); window.addEventListener("resize", lazyload); window.addEventListener("orientationChange", lazyload); window.addEventListener("load", lazyload); }); // Additional JS var currentLink = window.location.pathname + window.location.search; var currentActiveMenuArray = document.querySelectorAll("nav ul.nav-list li a[href$='" + currentLink + "']"); for (var i = 0; i < currentActiveMenuArray.length; i++) { currentActiveMenu = currentActiveMenuArray[i]; if (currentActiveMenu) { while (currentActiveMenu.parentNode) { currentActiveMenu = currentActiveMenu.parentNode; if (currentActiveMenu) { currentActiveMenu.classList.add("active"); } if (currentActiveMenu == document.querySelector('nav ul.nav-list')) break; } } } // Add Tracking to DSA Links from portal setTimeout(function(){ const currentPortalPath = window.location.pathname; // Check if the current path is under "doing-business-guide" // if (currentPortalPath && currentPortalPath.includes('/doing-business-guide/')) { if (currentPortalPath) { // Loop through all anchor elements on the page const DSALinks = document.querySelectorAll('a'); if(DSALinks){ DSALinks.forEach(link => { const href = link.getAttribute('href'); // Check if the link starts with the specified domain if (href && href.startsWith('https://www.dezshira.com')) { // Append the current path as a query parameter to the URL const separator = href.includes('?') ? '&' : '?'; const updatedHref = `${href}${separator}ENTRY=${encodeURIComponent(encodeURIComponent(currentPortalPath))}`; link.setAttribute('href', updatedHref); } }); } } },1000) // Mega Menu Accordion on Mobile copyMobileMenu(); function copyMobileMenu(){ if(document.getElementById("menu-list") && document.getElementById("push-menu-list")){ document.getElementById("push-menu-list").innerHTML = document.getElementById("menu-list").innerHTML; // click for mega menu li on mobile } var menus_li = document.querySelectorAll("#push-menu-list > ul > li"); console.log(menus_li); for (i = 0; i < menus_li.length; i++) { menus_li[i].addEventListener("click", function (e) { console.log(menus_li[i]); if(!menus_li[i].hasAttribute("data-skip")){ // e.preventDefault(); // e.stopPropagation(); this.classList.toggle("active"); } }); } } function myHeadernav() { var element = document.getElementById("headerNav"); element.classList.add("show"); } function breadCrumbFunction() { var x = document.getElementById("breadcrumbNav"); if (x.style.display === "block") { x.style.display = "none"; } else { x.style.display = "block"; } } function changeMapColor(country) { var path = document.querySelector("path#" + country); var path_active = document.querySelector("path.active"); if (path_active) { path_active.classList.remove("active"); } if (path) { path.classList.add("active"); } } // Mega menu close button var megaMenuCloseBtns=document.querySelectorAll(".mega-menu-close-btn"); for(i=0;i<=megaMenuCloseBtns.length;i++){ if(megaMenuCloseBtns[i]){ megaMenuCloseBtns[i].addEventListener('click',function(e){ e.preventDefault(); var p=this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode; p.style.display='none'; setTimeout(() => { p.style.display=''; }, 600); }); } } function updateCSRFTokens(){ var TokenNameKey = document.querySelectorAll('.TokenNameKey'); var TokenValueKey = document.querySelectorAll('.TokenValueKey'); var RandomString = Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15) + Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15); var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { var csrfResponse = JSON.parse(xhttp.responseText); for (var i = 0; i < TokenNameKey.length; i++) { TokenNameKey[i].value = csrfResponse.TokenName; TokenValueKey[i].value = csrfResponse.TokenValue; } } }; xhttp.open("GET", '/api/csrf?' + RandomString, true); xhttp.send(); } updateCSRFTokens(); </script> <script src="/assets/js/vendor-min.js?v1.2"></script> <script src="/assets/js/scripts.js?v.2.10"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"3283726c53","applicationID":"2874630","transactionName":"Z1AGZkEHD0JVVxVQWF4aMUBaSQhfUFEZF0dYRQ==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":175,"atts":"SxcFEAkdHEw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>

CINXE.COM

EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement: Key Provisions and Implications for FDI