CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135175caa9c9cb9',cH: 'tG9NNsETZiuaRf8VyKwaIUmSAl6I2kMusbt7if9Gxi4-1739788113-1.2.1.1-PC0YOzMqJTrV385MCgui8JDXDiLNFtSIua3BRJF9HhtMUek2CFmTUgoHiT32x470',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/37676\/effect-of-climate-change-on-road-maintenance-in-bangladesh?__cf_chl_tk=sXQ8uVX7zLYLuwuH1w9hqgdcuNIhMeCMjYc7Z8rv6gI-1739788113-1.0.1.1-Za2RQBlDzh2Bn084gqOe7kHm9fbHKt8NeIL2.FdwQFs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788113',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/37676\/effect-of-climate-change-on-road-maintenance-in-bangladesh?__cf_chl_f_tk=sXQ8uVX7zLYLuwuH1w9hqgdcuNIhMeCMjYc7Z8rv6gI-1739788113-1.0.1.1-Za2RQBlDzh2Bn084gqOe7kHm9fbHKt8NeIL2.FdwQFs",md: "4_J1Vhp9MteOYDuMa1Mbd6oLqjuSudOuT9OmkTYd5HE-1739788113-1.2.1.1-vpdezoRBrCB.BgC.LDTNbD.fYPMJSCarhRbgctCVR6rGvUCvwLnh9ZP7TLhSBG_P.MgYK6RVMPThOAwzikLz_LdqYcUoWYpRLTfjDBv_Rqcf511pYq3fWo0BNQP7eSVBhBi6Nm0TQyBxiCMu7j29QDhFCskNbYLCXWnELav2cTTfTQZI2oaqksWXqcn22E.SUR63WBjSM8dBBshxqwrZnXDBeXY5gTMtX_FxICVU75mLne2dUqlf0oUbJBdem1H9BbNOsDeffRpTVV.fb3cLpPMEeh0jEESKbWl8vNZMc57rsqOfQgbhpbi_T_C_NW63JUXe9DFS_q3m_fJED63SFt5BrNdXQt_O7NCoXViFmcNw_WVBT_VLdryHdPOj8bPb5pgQTb9JK0rpGStMJ9oGbgzNR73IX.NH1oWbPzcaOVFsIgTFPW0rV4mt3FuZSXaE3asAsrsSPSG_BfqUNtkL0lFt3mxkRTNfD0fuOCreG5itklMZWZ3ovmwTd7MsFMaer3wjrMyWl.0l8RetgooX6GI0GnI2nvQhdgovjd0DB4wZjfKHnOFtMjrBlt8.eN27shNwkeb0xf52C02A2_1gh6Y64lj6dTb4yiA631BY93uuceVY.py8Iqaw95a8tldqoRkmYnbiKX9tIp7pfFyXvbKVVTUQF7Vf4BP1KqE7eAtC57b5qjfYHLLsOUh9X7Q8QMzJMJmmNeP0j5P4ayIcYttN1if17qJbyoChwpIVeNR7cPKNEzpcSqQPoAbQQxapXtPg8YyjoCbJH98H8.qe7D4PKXCo9Jm1tZ9Gwp42eUhwTvggexTwg8CLnF8a8v0AKyAQgyMkpsUTlMaZwYMbNai_Ug7kQGQf_Xm25BN7W2iY64zIcMtKsvwcMiRuReO0bWgH.09EthCyAvXRoPTOjoLy3O47RR4j9pRmAHHqHMF8NKX8bZYwUH1vtVTojk5ayqjTug.Z8B2zjqoynoQeRLYysr2vASo48ff_zXmNQ4KKbnHHvIrf8Htkoz31EEB_H3CSbn83Uh3l_mgUFk1coGJDN8NYe5imcpKXAm7LwAevvgodecPxszPaAhe52K3ileIvu37s1aNSYf6czlhbZaSJozCGhTcBVQfmb7ZNlvCIUCCgdIFIN6tMJGBKgXr1TQVWrVveKW.Sipzejvi8_3qRsrPl2bt.60wB4lvKFS4BQjs5vmxXcb8ng4loh9KhNFVnBT8xiiqQafBXbi0STszeap_.82at6ZUkLjUFrZeZ.8XOFp8iF9Mz0QfffLn4IqOYUg1ihnK666tlbIR9HODgmRqPqORbHAkizBiiHn5RbYMXTHH9qhm1w.unfz3sOUKemjBzQUJvgIcdg.7wV4q5duJssOEwm0jeESrgJWXGIlwk8BCL9f2565IDSY9.CTYbRwLQdWLXbB5Ipa41fS2Io0RDfr1OZa7GbwYnT4luDSDIXFSq7I8p_ZUQxTcALY_y8kV6.YAKDJ.sOdXp6zwuggM1VmqigGruMkcDrAZqLWNAhCjlRIcnjD_ez_Zw1vO5Zg1ZZHvW6nKD_p7ZGPcNOfwajx67sArXy5yJP_t2GjGsG78Ph7JMgTvPRlC8SWfkbO35xJ7LBbZlnJrldNplIfV3Ue0_X2VYgYMlo_L15LEfwAFRCtVo2SfW6KVWtX2PmufM3v1LjceHqAYn58pmau3F301jgeb9dslNMzeACHIJI9bfo4WOi70uYBHsavG7Xm6Pl9sPEF0ZcAgAqXivcyGZBNj45DSFwpJkcA146WqtTT_lgW7n2OLuro5dbDv.lFL7pmt0IgJ4FnSrc0vNev3HSvr7ysPs39bEU18yQQGREvVDIwfg_1U8Q40UV7Iah8ZTN4bUntXs7DUpZdt.jFua7AYXL_9waVoI9zu.JHp7Tu.STHX4qF3rKmIeLG8Qy4.eJ0U0TnTLcN2ZDa6IpSJmppM2fRqI9mDMNzK986ekGwFIwkHadZUfGg1m.ME2DDGjpqTt_K0mkRnweggYlJ9jmDgRqHUBbOvFDtTX.lbdqESqlCr51jV_CJfDqvSD4AbqkK10PegrvHQgMg",mdrd: "by0_RheWzMTU5ah6wJF4p96K2.DQn_jIsWIostVvXJc-1739788113-1.2.1.1-cQ_esrnese_5uk.qWLzMeG3nil1JIlm_eecTh0A8dg8NKgTbgXlEphbeRxssvFoshoAvBmt8xRVmS6fY31x7.R1WtDyvlSW1y.a_tleTWMrjorX5uI940PBqu6tEN1GBa7qK3THqRHWYIyQK2JgTkhozu.aEIaoq0twyMNsHJ7FxCCvVwW6asQRvARAWtQjIZJB.1Mm1tVPZtcSL06ASmURiRv2YwSUOonqk8iVARPZ3.tDgQAXmYdqrnSZzwL.CAfsZUBOd3f43.MR0EUjUE5jzYgCjkZsIet1ZxCVzsVRuJN6jF5rKHzi4wn69i86MEYF5b.JEdvCWq55vGQMpPgpcjEDIWIh9g8A8hUJPAi581CxnWSzRmsxky8Iqix4snFWNSjKIWDKGC8ODL_DMjxfL_92trAIXFDbjQm6oRIP062XtqO2L5eJFjYwhoAVJkHVvlbQ44k1YLnpcoTyFOuprKIzE1iNwplymACsYCiANKlfXfh1VQTc9abq6ghZVfTv0.7kkaq57QuLtPLUyDeQkgwDM2vjkXW06OgDACfk2YZkxSvS9yWrdbiSEoDGsOAeTYwovEPNlE6dGGQCwlNGoZr2RyDxtrSMrk5G7NFqTKx2KIOn.R2ZFaaU1C_O6moHYfqAsoXqLUjymoTikn5ZEvfaKpye7bdJIfmWox.0lo4A6mDIsWnjQ4OSdzf7XeMcBo_BaxBooeTyf7Tg1V8mgqID.0J3YIgbuWnWwTf7TyTnzDlzFUrwwKpg6BE6504nZJVWNNgA5ZsxRDsCNhEkEInCRfzP0482cF7zXRUYhanjKxYRqW3HuHZHbLhGiBQ66mbqD7XQeXzF1Xip6uyoew49ZBrTZhTkhwRKnXst2a0VAqMzSySO4XlAJSTMUQ3FZCNglNksiBj1e3pUDwFg8t2RgvGNxuNcjNi0zgRDwrptj3YANntan8tgE9DcID7rUNREcfI3CRV_lpeL3o5o3SfXrmQaPveDEYGBp5JjNcFtrMmn.piPpvvZrxuHAHBjATGMwl3g.ykCpJ8W8MY8B7aTT1qrZML0QxpfPcIdZxdEds8foBbLs5HgrX9U.B2veMI3lJEEgOet_W11s2l9WMVUUyckfBGHninfS_A8zSJbCW7sw2V1RDNqR3u1rrxOJYqyahk0Z.Mahu3c_gvK.FVmfeYOnb_U5AtRCmTZ9L8SXy7XgNHMDKE2bX1LONmZDE8CO.HOLOcrfTc_B41EoOrazbtKD1Py.IbGg7LCANNkTAousUsFKEqxdd_0x25oA2euik9qmXAedcVabI4Ln7olZ0taSKUq0CS.jcdhhVDVCcJFnJUQlrhX8ngZWYUJIvQzLSpAseNQDjjpuOzxGg8r2u0ZXR7zilzU6wDCa_p.eqDPxEzl.4GmAfJrufgIulcr1ByPcJ_q0wc0.0eTmNgRlmjirCABywAaoyX_L2LCYsm6166DcuUwAGEZV8GTgjpf8UI3rUtVCrZzeFUygl9WO5K7aPTMZGvO_lwW6iCbUZ0cOSXgINoJPDx4VTTVcdLBsuQY85CgeziSmXtyI597gSHyw1aiv0SBARQvpvibr0aoJoebvIjuGUdtqoUmq_sZDAYl9rOHJQPl.s0nhZKrhOGuz4Ol98IBVnKRTMZ4CHcqlSDUpApQIlfdmN1frpViEdb_wY3FJlRx5r8mzvaGSJtouscKSQ3kigNNwBBnBe92F0wXcizPNDwkysGkU48EuV6W_miXVPoLeT2kyG_9j_d9qR8fKxU7CkAFV4OhTXq8gKSjV2Nk3MuD1RECnwHoTqk5Qqb4k621Xqy5GrjfZoRVAXNZyQBdTDOi7L2OJ3b8zkWU7hfFBA_8idJbuRDcAkNkF8PF.E0BH7OFT0r_MphptQhVvX4RYaNDEKpKZ2aaooJZa4YPSYC9wvGICxx42Fmaoc5Bo0STd9hLruBnJa3o0XLv9HR3C54YQCNKikszKWt_eqUgFD27fp2L1AR93ccQrPBmQmThovw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135175caa9c9cb9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/37676\/effect-of-climate-change-on-road-maintenance-in-bangladesh?__cf_chl_rt_tk=sXQ8uVX7zLYLuwuH1w9hqgdcuNIhMeCMjYc7Z8rv6gI-1739788113-1.0.1.1-Za2RQBlDzh2Bn084gqOe7kHm9fbHKt8NeIL2.FdwQFs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>