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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Start of the war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Start_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siege</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Обсада на Шкодра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обсада на Шкодра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Skadaru_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Obléhání Skadaru (1912–1913) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obléhání Skadaru (1912–1913)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitio_de_Shkod%C3%ABr_(1912-13)" title="Sitio de Shkodër (1912-13) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sitio de Shkodër (1912-13)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABrreko_setioa_(1912-13)" title="Shkodërreko setioa (1912-13) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shkodërreko setioa (1912-13)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Skadra_(1912._%E2%80%93_1913.)" title="Opsada Skadra (1912. – 1913.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Opsada Skadra (1912. – 1913.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assedio_di_Scutari_(1912-1913)" title="Assedio di Scutari (1912-1913) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assedio di Scutari (1912-1913)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belegering_van_Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Belegering van Shkodër – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Belegering van Shkodër" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%C4%99%C5%BCenie_Szkodry_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Oblężenie Szkodry (1912–1913) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oblężenie Szkodry (1912–1913)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(1912%E2%80%941913)" title="Осада Шкодера (1912—1913) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осада Шкодера (1912—1913)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrethimi_i_Shkodr%C3%ABs_(1912-13)" title="Rrethimi i Shkodrës (1912-13) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrethimi i Shkodrës (1912-13)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_(1912%E2%80%941913)" title="Опсада Скадра (1912—1913) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опсада Скадра (1912—1913)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Skadra_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Opsada Skadra (1912–1913) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opsada Skadra (1912–1913)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Battle during the First Balkan War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1787)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Scutari (1787)">Siege of Scutari (1787)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkod%C3%ABr_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Siege of Shkodër (disambiguation)">Siege of Shkodër</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Scutari</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png/300px-Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png/450px-Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png/600px-Siege_of_Scutari_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span><br />Clockwise from top left: Flags of <a href="/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers">Great Powers</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rozafa_Castle" title="Rozafa Castle">Shkodër fortress</a>; Ottoman troops defending Shkodra; Montenegrin flag flying over the Shkoder fortress; Captured flag standard of Montenegrin forces proudly displayed by Turkish and Albanian troops; Albanian guerillas shooting from a tree; Albanian officers posing with captured Montenegrin ammunition</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>28 October 1912 – 23 April 1913<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Near <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Scutari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scutari_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Province">Scutari Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(present-day <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p><a href="/wiki/Status_quo_ante_bellum" title="Status quo ante bellum">Status quo ante bellum</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESomel2003lxvi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESomel2003lxvi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essad_Pasha_Toptani" class="mw-redirect" title="Essad Pasha Toptani">Essad Pasha Toptani</a> signed the final surrender protocol on April 23, 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />A Peace treaty signed by <a href="/wiki/Essad_Pasha_Toptani" class="mw-redirect" title="Essad Pasha Toptani">Essad Pasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Nikola" class="mw-redirect" title="King Nikola">King Nikola</a>, returned Shkodër to the Albanian Principality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199971_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199971-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png/22px-Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png/33px-Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png/44px-Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> volunteers and irregulars</li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Serbia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Montenegro"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_R%C4%B1za_Pasha" title="Hasan Rıza Pasha">Hasan Rıza Pasha</a> <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination"><b>X</b></a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png/22px-Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png/33px-Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png/44px-Flag_of_the_prizren_league_government.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Essad_Pasha_Toptani" class="mw-redirect" title="Essad Pasha Toptani">Essad Pasha</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003237_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003237-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro"><img alt="Kingdom of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/King_Nikola" class="mw-redirect" title="King Nikola">King Nikola</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro"><img alt="Kingdom of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danilo,_Crown_Prince_of_Montenegro" title="Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro">Crown Prince Danilo</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro"><img alt="Kingdom of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radomir_Ve%C5%A1ovi%C4%87" title="Radomir Vešović">Radomir Vešović</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia"><img alt="Kingdom of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Damjan_Popovi%C4%87" title="Damjan Popović">Damjan Popović</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 20,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 40,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro"><img alt="Kingdom of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> 8,000 killed and wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2002384_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2002384-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_First_Balkan_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox First Balkan War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_First_Balkan_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox First Balkan War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Balkan_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War"><span class="wrap">First Balkan War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Front_of_First_Balkan_War" title="Bulgarian Front of First Balkan War">Bulgarian Front</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kardzhali" title="Battle of Kardzhali">Kardzhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirk_Kilisse" title="Battle of Kirk Kilisse">Kirk Kilisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lule_Burgas" title="Battle of Lule Burgas">Lule Burgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merhamli" title="Battle of Merhamli">Merhamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaliakra_(1912)" title="Battle of Kaliakra (1912)">Kaliakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="First Battle of Çatalca">1st Çatalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bulair" title="Battle of Bulair"> Bulair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9Eark%C3%B6y" title="Battle of Şarköy">Şarköy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)">Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="Second Battle of Çatalca">2nd Çatalca</a></li></ul> <p><b>Serbian and Montenegrin front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scutari</a></li></ul> <p><b>Greek front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Lemnos" title="Capture of Lemnos">Lemnos Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporo" title="Battle of Sarantaporo">Sarantaporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenidje" title="Battle of Yenidje">Yenidje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pente_Pigadia" title="Battle of Pente Pigadia">Pente Pigadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorovich" title="Battle of Sorovich">Sorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_revolt_of_1912" title="Himara revolt of 1912">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lesbos_(1912)" title="Battle of Lesbos (1912)">Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1912)" title="Battle of Chios (1912)">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Driskos" title="Battle of Driskos">Driskos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elli" title="Battle of Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Korytsa" title="Capture of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Bizani</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>siege of Scutari</b>, also referred to as the <b>siege of Shkodër</b> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199971_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199971-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Rrethimi i Shkodrës</i>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">Опсада Скадра</span>), known in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> as <i>İşkodra Müdafaası</i> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENafiz_and_Kocaman1933_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENafiz_and_Kocaman1933-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span> or <i>İşkodra Savunması</i> ,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarih_and_Başkanlığı1987_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarih_and_Başkanlığı1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took place from 28 October 1912 to 23 April 1913 when the army of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a> defeated the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and invaded <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a> consisting of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> had jointly declared war against the Ottoman Empire. Montenegro mobilized its troops and prepared to attack the Ottoman forces in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> directly to the south. Behind the invasion, however, stood Montenegro's intention to expand its border at the expense of territories with an overwhelming majority of Albanians. Montenegro considered itself the successor of <a href="/wiki/Zeta_(crown_land)" title="Zeta (crown land)">Zeta</a>, a medieval <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> realm, with Shkodër as its capital. With the transition of power from the last feudal lords <a href="/wiki/Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87i" class="mw-redirect" title="Balšići">Balšići</a> or <a href="/wiki/Balsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsha">Balsha</a> to Venetians, and eventually Ottomans, who established a city as an administrative center of the region, the "lost capital" became a symbol of oppression for the Montenegrins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Please add translated citing (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBojović1990_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBojović1990-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Start_of_the_war">Start of the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Start of the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 8 October 1912, Turkish General<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Riza_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Riza Pasha">Hasan Riza Pasha</a> announced that Montenegro had declared war on the Ottoman Empire in order to erase 600 years of oppression by the "Turkish foot", as the enemy claimed, and that its troops were crossing the border between Montenegro and Albania. Two hours after the news, the Montenegrin troops, as expected, approached Scutari. As much as 70% of the Turkish army in the interior of the Balkans was composed of Muslim Albanians conscripted during the freedom struggle from the Ottoman Empire. At noon, Hasan Riza Pasha gathered all his commanders in his headquarters and told them: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>The city will soon be surrounded, but this city will not fall into the hands of Montenegrins. Shkodra is our fate or our grave, but not our shame. Today we have five thousand troops, but over 20 thousand others are coming to our assistance. As of today begins an uphill battle, that none of us knows how long it will last</i></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Hasan Riza Pasha, during the organisation of the defence of Scutari, <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg/220px-Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg/330px-Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg/440px-Tarabos_kod_Skadra_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Montenegrin soldier on the Tarabosh near Shkodër</figcaption></figure> <p>The siege of Scutari was initiated by the Montenegrins on 28 October 1912. The initial attack was carried out by the Montenegrin army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Danilo,_Crown_Prince_of_Montenegro" title="Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro">Prince Danilo</a> and encountered stiff resistance. As the conflict settled into siege warfare, the Montenegrins were supported by reinforcements from their <a href="/wiki/Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb">Serbian</a> allies. Radomir Vešović, a Montenegrin army officer participated in the siege where he was wounded twice,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeskovac,_Foriskovic,_and_Popov2004176_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeskovac,_Foriskovic,_and_Popov2004176-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which he earned a golden <a href="/wiki/Obili%C4%87_Medal" title="Obilić Medal">Obilić Medal</a> and the nickname the knight of Brdanjolt (Serbian: витез од Брдањолта).(<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">витез од Брдањолта</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEČolaković_and_Čirgić2008281_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEČolaković_and_Čirgić2008281-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Turkish and Albanian defenders of Scutari were led by Hasan Riza Pasha and his lieutenant, <a href="/wiki/Essad_Pasha_Toptani" class="mw-redirect" title="Essad Pasha Toptani">Essad Pasha</a>. After the siege had continued for approximately three months, differences between the two Ottoman leaders boiled over on 30 January 1913, when Essad Pasha had two of his Albanian servants ambush and kill Riza Pasha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199971_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199971-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ambush occurred as Riza Pasha left Essad's house after a dinner engagement and put Essad Pasha in total control of the Turkish forces at Scutari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199526_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUli199526-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences between the two men centered about the continued defense of the city. Riza Pasha desired to continue the fight against the Montenegrins and Serbs while Essad Pasha was a proponent of ending the siege by means of secret negotiations conducted with the counsel of the Russians. Essad Pasha's plan was to deliver Scutari to the Montenegrins and Serbs as the price for their support in his attempt to proclaim himself King of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199526_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUli199526-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson200438_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson200438-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The siege, however, continued and even escalated in February when King Nikola of Montenegro received a delegation of <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%ABsia" title="Malësia">Malësian</a> chieftains who stated their allegiance to him and volunteered to join the Montenegrin forces with 3,000 of their own soldiers. Shortly thereafter, the Malësian chieftains joined the war by assisting in the attack of the Jubani — Daut-age tower.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg/220px-Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg/330px-Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg/440px-Skadar_predaja_zastave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman flag surrendered to Montenegrin King <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Montenegro" title="Nicholas I of Montenegro">Nicholas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As Montenegro continued their siege in April, the Great Powers decided to implement a <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Montenegro" title="Blockade of Montenegro">blockade of their ports</a>, which was declared on 10 April and lasted until 14 May 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schmidl_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidl-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 April 1913 approximately six months after the start of the siege, Essad Pasha offered an official proposal to surrender the city to Montenegrin General Vukotic. On 23 April, Essad Pasha's proposal was accepted and he was allowed to leave the city with full military honors and all of his troops and equipment, except the heavy guns. He also received a sum of £10,000 sterling from the Montenegrin King.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson200441_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson200441-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Essad Pasha surrendered Scutari to Montenegro only after its destiny had been decided, meaning after the Great Powers had forced Serbia to retreat and after it was obvious that the Great Powers would not allow Montenegro to keep Scutari. At the same time, Essad Pasha managed to get the support of Serbia and Montenegro for the new <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Kingdom of Albania</a>, which would gain Scutari indirectly by the Great Powers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During their retreat the Montenegrin army set fire to the <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Bazaar" title="Shkodër Bazaar">Grand Bazaar</a> burning 250 shops.><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shkodra_castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Shkodra_castle.jpg/220px-Shkodra_castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Shkodra_castle.jpg/330px-Shkodra_castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Shkodra_castle.jpg/440px-Shkodra_castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rozafa_Castle" title="Rozafa Castle">Shkodër fortress</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanian_caricature_1913.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Albanian_caricature_1913.gif/220px-Albanian_caricature_1913.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Albanian_caricature_1913.gif/330px-Albanian_caricature_1913.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Albanian_caricature_1913.gif/440px-Albanian_caricature_1913.gif 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Caricature shows Albania defending itself from neighboring countries. Montenegro is represented as a monkey, Greece as a leopard and Serbia as a snake. Text in Albanian: "Flee from me! Bloodsucker Beasts!"</figcaption></figure> <p>The capture of <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Scutari</a> by Montenegro and Serbia removed the only obstacle to a Serbian advance into <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Albania" title="Ottoman Albania">Ottoman Albania</a>. By November 1912, Albania had declared independence but was yet to be recognized by anyone. The Serbian army eventually occupied most of northern and central Albania, stopping north of the town of <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a>. The Serbians also managed to trap the remains of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Vardar" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of Vardar">Army of Vardar</a> in what was left of Albania proper, but were unable to force them to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVlora1973_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVlora1973-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the war was over, however, the Great Powers did not award Scutari to the Kingdom of Montenegro, rather in accordance with the London Conference of Ambassadors compelled the Montenegrins to evacuate the city in May 1913. The Montenegrin army's withdrawal was hastened by a small naval flotilla of British and Italian gunboats that moved up the <a href="/wiki/Bojana_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bojana River">Bojana River</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coastline. An international peace keeping force (<i>Scutari detachment</i>) from five countries including Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, France, Italy and Germany was deployed in the city and kept until the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalla2005_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalla2005-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The International reaction to the ultimate settlement was somewhat mixed. Austria-Hungary's Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Count_Leopold_Berchtold" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Leopold Berchtold">Count Leopold Berchtold</a>, demanded that Scutari be evacuated by the Great Powers within 48 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScutari's_Fall_Alarms_Europe1913_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScutari's_Fall_Alarms_Europe1913-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kingdom of Italy supported Austria-Hungary and sent a part of the peace force.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Russian Empire supported Montenegro in its efforts to keep Scutari.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>And finally as cultural outcomes of the siege, Albanian novelist <a href="/wiki/Ndoc_Nikaj" title="Ndoc Nikaj">Ndoc Nikaj</a> wrote an historical novel titled <i>Shkodra e rrethueme</i> ("Shkodra under siege") in 1913<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsie200589_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsie200589-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Bosnian Serb poet <a href="/wiki/Aleksa_%C5%A0anti%C4%87" title="Aleksa Šantić">Aleksa Šantić</a> wrote <i>To Essad Pasha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <i lang="sr">Esad Paši</i>), inspired by the siege of Scutari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŠantić1913_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠantić1913-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Serbia in the Balkan Wars">Serbia in the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As the capital of the Ottoman Vilayet of Scutari this city was in the hands of the Turks until April 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce,_Thompson,_and_Petrie19211125_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce,_Thompson,_and_Petrie19211125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On that occasion, the Malësians requested that they be allowed to join with the Montenegrin army in the capture of Shkodra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003312_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson2003">Erickson 2003</a>, p. 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBryce,_Thompson,_and_Petrie19211125-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBryce,_Thompson,_and_Petrie19211125_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBryce,_Thompson,_and_Petrie1921">Bryce, Thompson, and Petrie (1921)</a>, p. 1125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESomel2003lxvi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESomel2003lxvi_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSomel2003">Somel (2003)</a>, p. lxvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers199971-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199971_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199971_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers199971_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1999">Vickers 1999</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003237-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003237_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson2003">Erickson 2003</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVachkov2012138–141_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVachkov2012">Vachkov (2012)</a>, pp. 138–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2002384-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2002384_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClodfelter2002">Clodfelter (2002)</a>, p. 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENafiz_and_Kocaman1933-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENafiz_and_Kocaman1933_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNafiz_and_Kocaman1933">Nafiz and Kocaman (1933)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarih_and_Başkanlığı1987-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarih_and_Başkanlığı1987_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarih_and_Başkanlığı1987">Tarih and Başkanlığı (1987)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBojović1990-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBojović1990_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBojović1990">Bojović (1990)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199534–40_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUli1995">Uli (1995)</a>, pp. 34–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeskovac,_Foriskovic,_and_Popov2004176-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeskovac,_Foriskovic,_and_Popov2004176_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeskovac,_Foriskovic,_and_Popov2004">Leskovac, Foriskovic, and Popov (2004)</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEČolaković_and_Čirgić2008281-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEČolaković_and_Čirgić2008281_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFČolaković_and_Čirgić2008">Čolaković and Čirgić (2008)</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUli199526-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199526_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUli199526_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUli1995">Uli (1995)</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson200438-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson200438_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2004">Pearson (2004)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDašić1998321_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDašić1998">Dašić (1998)</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrewe2000" class="citation book cs1">Grewe, Wilhelm Georg (2000). Byers, Michael (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b6LkdpfRNZgC"><i>The Epochs of International Law</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110153392" title="Special:BookSources/9783110153392"><bdi>9783110153392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epochs+of+International+Law&rft.pages=529&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9783110153392&rft.aulast=Grewe&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm+Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db6LkdpfRNZgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidl-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schmidl_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidl1999" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidl, Erwin A. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319908413782">"The international operation in Albania, 1913–14"</a>. <i>International Peacekeeping</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 1–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13533319908413782">10.1080/13533319908413782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Peacekeeping&rft.atitle=The+international+operation+in+Albania%2C+1913%E2%80%9314&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13533319908413782&rft.aulast=Schmidl&rft.aufirst=Erwin+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F13533319908413782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson200441-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson200441_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2004">Pearson (2004)</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushati1998" class="citation book cs1">Bushati, Hamdi (1998). <i>Shkodra dhe motet</i>. Vol. I. Shkodër: Idromeno. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41096394">41096394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shkodra+dhe+motet&rft.place=Shkod%C3%ABr&rft.pub=Idromeno&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41096394&rft.aulast=Bushati&rft.aufirst=Hamdi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVlora1973-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVlora1973_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVlora1973">Vlora (1973)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalla2005-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalla2005_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalla2005">Balla (2005)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScutari's_Fall_Alarms_Europe1913-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScutari's_Fall_Alarms_Europe1913_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScutari's_Fall_Alarms_Europe1913">Scutari's Fall Alarms Europe (1913)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsie200589-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsie200589_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElsie2005">Elsie (2005)</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠantić1913-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŠantić1913_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŠantić1913">Šantić (1913)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalla2005" class="citation journal cs1">Balla, Tibor (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/4580038/the-military-participation-of-the-austro-hungarian-monarchy-in-the-">"The military participation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in the settlement of the Scutari-crisis"</a>. <i>Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science (AARMS)</i>. <b>4</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+and+Applied+Research+in+Military+and+Public+Management+Science+%28AARMS%29&rft.atitle=The+military+participation+of+the+Austro-Hungarian+Monarchy+in+the+settlement+of+the+Scutari-crisis&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Balla&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fread%2F4580038%2Fthe-military-participation-of-the-austro-hungarian-monarchy-in-the-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBojović1990" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bojović, Jovan R. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rastko.rs/rastko-al/zbornik1990/jbojovic-sloveni_l.php">"O stanovništvu slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji"</a> [About the population of Slavic origin in Albania]. <i>Project Rastko - Shkodra</i> (in Bosnian). Project Management Rastko<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Rastko+-+Shkodra&rft.atitle=O+stanovni%C5%A1tvu+slovenskog+porijekla+u+Albaniji&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Bojovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jovan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Frastko-al%2Fzbornik1990%2Fjbojovic-sloveni_l.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryce,_Thompson,_and_Petrie1921" class="citation book cs1">Bryce, Viscount James Bryce; Thompson, Holland; Petrie, William Matthew Flinders (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oHQmAQAAIAAJ&q=%22vilayet+of+Scutari%22+1913"><i>The Book of History: The events of 1918. The armistice and peace treaties</i></a>. The Grolier Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+History%3A+The+events+of+1918.+The+armistice+and+peace+treaties&rft.pub=The+Grolier+Society&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Viscount+James+Bryce&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Holland&rft.au=Petrie%2C+William+Matthew+Flinders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoHQmAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522vilayet%2Bof%2BScutari%2522%2B1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2002" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2002). <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1204-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1204-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-1204-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Reference+to+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1500%E2%80%932000&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1204-4&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFČolaković_and_Čirgić2008" class="citation book cs1">Čolaković, Zlatan; Čirgić, Adnan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FmoMAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Epics of Avdo Međedović</i></a>. Almanah. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788685557071" title="Special:BookSources/9788685557071"><bdi>9788685557071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epics+of+Avdo+Me%C4%91edovi%C4%87&rft.pub=Almanah&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788685557071&rft.aulast=%C4%8Colakovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Zlatan&rft.au=%C4%8Cirgi%C4%87%2C+Adnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFmoMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDašić1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dašić, Miomir (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DkIrAAAAMAAJ"><i>King Nikola – Personality, Work, and Time</i></a> (in Serbian). Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788672150988" title="Special:BookSources/9788672150988"><bdi>9788672150988</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Nikola+%E2%80%93+Personality%2C+Work%2C+and+Time&rft.pub=Montenegrin+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9788672150988&rft.aulast=Da%C5%A1i%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Miomir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDkIrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie2005" class="citation book cs1">Elsie, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ox3Wx1Nl_2MC"><i>Albanian Literature: A Short History</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-031-4"><bdi>978-1-84511-031-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+Literature%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-031-4&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dox3Wx1Nl_2MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2003" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Edward J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3fYuy5iUi_sC"><i>Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97888-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97888-4"><bdi>978-0-275-97888-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defeat+in+Detail%3A+The+Ottoman+Army+in+the+Balkans%2C+1912%E2%80%931913&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97888-4&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3fYuy5iUi_sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeskovac,_Foriskovic,_and_Popov2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leskovac, Mladen; Foriskovic, Aleksandar; Popov, Cedomir (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozYYAQAAIAAJ"><i>Српски биографски речник</i></a> [<i>Serbian Biographical Dictionary</i>] (in Serbian). The Future. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788683651627" title="Special:BookSources/9788683651627"><bdi>9788683651627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.pub=The+Future&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788683651627&rft.aulast=Leskovac&rft.aufirst=Mladen&rft.au=Foriskovic%2C+Aleksandar&rft.au=Popov%2C+Cedomir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DozYYAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNafiz_and_Kocaman1933" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nafiz, Abdurrahman; Kocaman, Kiramettin (1933). <i>1912–1913 Balkan Harbinde İşkodra Müdafaası</i> [<i>1912-1913 Defense of Iskodra in the Balkan War</i>] (in Turkish). Istanbul: Askeri Matbaa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1912%E2%80%931913+Balkan+Harbinde+%C4%B0%C5%9Fkodra+M%C3%BCdafaas%C4%B1&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Askeri+Matbaa&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Nafiz&rft.aufirst=Abdurrahman&rft.au=Kocaman%2C+Kiramettin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2004" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Owen (2004). <i>Albania and King Zog: Independence, Republic and Monarchy 1908–1939</i>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-013-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-013-7"><bdi>1-84511-013-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+and+King+Zog%3A+Independence%2C+Republic+and+Monarchy+1908%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84511-013-7&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrovic1754" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrovic, Bishop Vasilije (1754). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njegos.org/petrovics/istocg.htm">"Bishop Vasilije Petrovic: His History about Montenegro"</a>. <i>Serbian Country Montenegro</i> (in Bosnian). Aleksandar Rakovic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Serbian+Country+Montenegro&rft.atitle=Bishop+Vasilije+Petrovic%3A+His+History+about+Montenegro&rft.date=1754&rft.aulast=Petrovic&rft.aufirst=Bishop+Vasilije&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.njegos.org%2Fpetrovics%2Fistocg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠantić1913" class="citation web cs1">Šantić, Aleksa (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110420004614/http://www.aleksasantic.com/Print/1913-27.html">"Esad Paši"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aleksasantic.com/Print/1913-27.html">the original</a> on 20 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esad+Pa%C5%A1i&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=%C5%A0anti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aleksasantic.com%2FPrint%2F1913-27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScutari's_Fall_Alarms_Europe1913" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30B15FB3C5B13738DDDAD0A94DC405B838DF1D3&scp=3&sq=Scutari&st=cse">"Scutari's Fall Alarms Europe"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. April 24, 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scutari%27s+Fall+Alarms+Europe&rft.date=1913-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF30B15FB3C5B13738DDDAD0A94DC405B838DF1D3%26scp%3D3%26sq%3DScutari%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomel2003" class="citation book cs1">Somel, Selçuk Akşin (2003). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire</i>. Scarecrow Press Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Somel&rft.aufirst=Sel%C3%A7uk+Ak%C5%9Fin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarih_and_Başkanlığı1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tarih, Genelkurmay Askeri; Başkanlığı, Stratejik Etüt (1987). <i>İşkodra Savunması ve Hasan Rıza Paşa</i> [<i>The Defense of Shkodra and Hasan Rıza Pasha</i>] (in Turkish). Ministry of Culture Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%B0%C5%9Fkodra+Savunmas%C4%B1+ve+Hasan+R%C4%B1za+Pa%C5%9Fa&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Tarih&rft.aufirst=Genelkurmay+Askeri&rft.au=Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%2C+Stratejik+Et%C3%BCt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUli1995" class="citation book cs1">Uli, Prenk (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ccUzHAAACAAJ&q=Hasan+Riza+Pasha"><i>Hasan Riza Pasha: Mbrojtës i Shkodrës në Luftën Ballkanike, 1912–1913</i></a> [<i>Hasan Riza Pasha: Midshipmen and Shkodra in the Baltic Sea, 1912-1913</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>: Albin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hasan+Riza+Pasha%3A+Mbrojt%C3%ABs+i+Shkodr%C3%ABs+n%C3%AB+Luft%C3%ABn+Ballkanike%2C+1912%E2%80%931913&rft.place=Shkod%C3%ABr%2C+Albania&rft.pub=Albin&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Uli&rft.aufirst=Prenk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DccUzHAAACAAJ%26q%3DHasan%2BRiza%2BPasha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVachkov2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vachkov, Alexander (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SkARngEACAAJ"><i>Balkan war 1912-1913: Illustrated chronicle</i></a> (in Russian). Svetovna Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-954-574-094-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-954-574-094-7"><bdi>978-954-574-094-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+war+1912-1913%3A+Illustrated+chronicle&rft.pub=Svetovna+Library&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-954-574-094-7&rft.aulast=Vachkov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSkARngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1999" class="citation book cs1">Vickers, Miranda (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC&pg=PA71"><i>The Albanians: A Modern History</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. pp. 71–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-541-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanians%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pages=71-&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-541-9&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzI0uOZ2j6gC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlora1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eqerem_bej_Vlora" class="mw-redirect" title="Eqerem bej Vlora">Vlora, Eqerem bej</a> (1973). <i>Lebenserinnerungen (Memoirs)</i>. Munich.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebenserinnerungen+%28Memoirs%29&rft.place=Munich&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Vlora%2C+Eqerem+bej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Durham, Edith (1914). <i>The Struggle for Scutari (Turk, Slav, and Albanian)</i>. Edward Arnold.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Scutari+%28Turk%2C+Slav%2C+and+Albanian%29&rft.pub=Edward+Arnold&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=Edith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Durham, Edith (2005). <i>Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle</i>. Adamant Media Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twenty+Years+of+Balkan+Tangle&rft.pub=Adamant+Media+Corporation&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Durham&rft.aufirst=Edith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Milićević, M. J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0353-9008/2007/0353-90080722137M.pdf">"The Army of the Kingdom of Serbia in the Siege of Shkodra – The battle near the Village of Dajči"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baština</i> (in Serbian) (22): 137–160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ba%C5%A1tina&rft.atitle=The+Army+of+the+Kingdom+of+Serbia+in+the+Siege+of+Shkodra+%E2%80%93+The+battle+near+the+Village+of+Daj%C4%8Di&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=137-160&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Mili%C4%87evi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscindeks-clanci.ceon.rs%2Fdata%2Fpdf%2F0353-9008%2F2007%2F0353-90080722137M.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Scutari+%281912%E2%80%931913%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pavlović, Ž. (1926) The siege of Shkodra, 1912–1913. Belgrade</li> <li>Ratković, B. (1975) The first Balkan war 1912–1913 - Operations of Serbian forces, Belgrade: Military History Institute, Vol. 2</li> <li>Vojvodić, M.S. (1970) Skadar crisis in 1913, Belgrade</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ottoman_Empire&#124;link=Ottoman_Empire_Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="Template:Ottoman battles in the 20th century"><abbr title="View this 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Ottoman battles in the 20th century</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–1912)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza_(1911)" title="Battle of Preveza (1911)">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tobruk_(1911)" title="Battle of Tobruk (1911)">Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benghazi_(1911)" title="Battle of Benghazi (1911)">Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunfuda_Bay" title="Battle of Kunfuda Bay">Kunfuda Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(1912)" title="Battle of Derna (1912)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beirut_(1912)" title="Battle of Beirut (1912)">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhodes_(1912)" title="Battle of Rhodes (1912)">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Zanzur_(1912)" title="Battles of Zanzur (1912)">Zanzur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> (1912–1913)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarantaporo" title="Battle of Sarantaporo">Sarantaporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yenidje" title="Battle of Yenidje">Yenidje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kardzhali" title="Battle of Kardzhali">Kırcalı (Kardzhali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pente_Pigadia" title="Battle of Pente Pigadia">Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorovich" title="Battle of Sorovich">Sorovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirk_Kilisse" title="Battle of Kirk Kilisse">Kirk Kilise</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">İşkodra (Scutari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lule_Burgas" title="Battle of Lule Burgas">Lüleburgaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)">1st Edirne (Adrianople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himara_revolt_of_1912" title="Himara revolt of 1912">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="First Battle of Çatalca">1st Çatalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaliakra_(1912)" title="Battle of Kaliakra (1912)">Varna (Kaliakra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merhamli" title="Battle of Merhamli">Merhamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elli" title="Battle of Elli">İmroz (Elli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Korytsa" title="Capture of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)" title="Battle of Lemnos (1913)">Lemnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Adrianople_(1913)" title="Siege of Adrianople (1913)">2nd Edirne (Adrianople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bulair" title="Battle of Bulair"> Bolayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%9Eark%C3%B6y" title="Battle of Şarköy">Şarköy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bizani" title="Battle of Bizani">Bizani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_%C3%87atalca" title="Second Battle of Çatalca">2nd Çatalca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> (1914–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergmann_Offensive" title="Bergmann Offensive">Köprüköy (Bergmann) </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ardahan" title="Battle of Ardahan">Ardahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Suez_Canal" title="Raid on the Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_campaign" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign">Naval operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Katia" title="Battle of Katia">Katya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Cape_Helles" title="Landing at Cape Helles">Seddülbayır (Cape Helles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumkale" title="Battle of Kumkale">Kumkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Anzac_Cove" title="Landing at Anzac Cove">1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Baby_700" title="Battle for Baby 700">Baby 700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Krithia" title="First Battle of Krithia">1st Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilman" title="Battle of Dilman">Battle of Dilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_attack_on_Anzac_Cove" title="Second attack on Anzac Cove">2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Krithia" title="Second Battle of Krithia">2nd Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_No.3_Post" title="Battle for No.3 Post">No.3 Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_attack_on_Anzac_Cove" title="Third attack on Anzac Cove">3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Krithia" title="Third Battle of Krithia">3rd Kirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gully_Ravine" title="Battle of Gully Ravine">Zığındere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert_(1915)" title="Battle of Manzikert (1915)">Manzikert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kara_Killisse_(1915)" title="Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)">Kara Killisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krithia_Vineyard" title="Battle of Krithia Vineyard">Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lone_Pine" title="Battle of Lone Pine">Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Suvla_Bay" title="Landing at Suvla Bay">Anafartalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chunuk_Bair" title="Battle of Chunuk Bair">Conkbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sari_Bair" title="Battle of Sari Bair">Sarıbayır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nek" title="Battle of the Nek">Kılıçbayır (The Nek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_60_(Gallipoli)" title="Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli)">Hill 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scimitar_Hill" title="Battle of Scimitar Hill">Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ctesiphon_(1915)" title="Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)">Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">1st Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sheikh_Sa%27ad" title="Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad">Sağ Sahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_(1916)" title="Battle of Wadi (1916)">Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanna" title="Battle of Hanna">Felahiye (Hanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dujaila" title="Battle of Dujaila">Sabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Campaign" title="Trebizond Campaign">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mecca_(1916)" title="Battle of Mecca (1916)">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Erzincan" title="Battle of Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitlis" title="Battle of Bitlis">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_el_Abd" title="Battle of Bir el Abd">Bir el Abd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Yanbu" title="Capture of Yanbu">Yanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdhaba" title="Battle of Magdhaba">Magdhaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafa" title="Battle of Rafa">Rafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nekhl" title="Raid on Nekhl">Nekhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Bir_el_Hassana" title="Raid on Bir el Hassana">Bir el Hassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kut" title="Second Battle of Kut">2nd Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_offensive" title="Samarra offensive">Samarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Hamrin" title="Battle of Mount Hamrin">Jebel Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Gaza" title="First Battle of Gaza">1st Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Second Battle of Gaza">2nd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Istabulat" title="Battle of Istabulat">Istabulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aqaba" title="Battle of Aqaba">Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Ramadi_(1917)" title="Battles of Ramadi (1917)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wadi_Musa" title="Battle of Wadi Musa">Wadi Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1917)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1917)">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el_Khuweilfe" title="Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe">Khuweilfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Third Battle of Gaza">3rd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hareira_and_Sheria" title="Battle of Hareira and Sheria">Hareira and Sheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Wadi_el_Hesi" title="Capture of Wadi el Hesi">Wadi el Hesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Huj" title="Charge at Huj">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mughar_Ridge" title="Battle of Mughar Ridge">Mughar Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayun_Kara" title="Battle of Ayun Kara">Ayun Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1917)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1917)">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jericho" title="Capture of Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_%27Asur" title="Battle of Tell 'Asur">Tell 'Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Khan_Baghdadi" title="Action of Khan Baghdadi">Khan Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hijla" title="Battle of Hijla">Hijla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Amman" title="First Battle of Amman">1st Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan#Prelude" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">Berukin and 1st Arara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Jordan" title="Second Battle of the Jordan">2nd Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abaran" title="Battle of Abaran">Abaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sardarabad" title="Battle of Sardarabad">Sardarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karakilisa" title="Battle of Karakilisa">Karakilisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay#Shamakhi,_Aghsu_and_Ismailly" title="Battle of Goychay">Aghsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurdamir" title="Battle of Kurdamir">Kurdamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Binagadi" title="Battle of Binagadi">Binagadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Arsuf" title="Action of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Caucasus_expedition" title="German Caucasus expedition">German Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Tellul" title="Battle of Abu Tellul">Abu Tellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arara" title="Battle of Arara">2nd Arara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabsor" title="Battle of Tabsor">Tabsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tulkarm" title="Battle of Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Afulah_and_Beisan" title="Capture of Afulah and Beisan">Afulah and Beisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nazareth" title="Battle of Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jenin" title="Capture of Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)" title="Battle of Haifa (1918)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samakh" title="Battle of Samakh">Samakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tiberias_(1918)" title="Capture of Tiberias (1918)">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Irbid" title="Charge at Irbid">Irbid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jisr_Benat_Yakub" title="Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub">Jisr Benat Yakub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kaukab" title="Charge at Kaukab">Kaukab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus" title="Capture of Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Kiswe" title="Charge at Kiswe">Kiswe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Jisr_ed_Damieh" title="Capture of Jisr ed Damieh">Jisr ed Damieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharqat" title="Battle of Sharqat">Sharqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(1918)" title="Battle of Aleppo (1918)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Khan_Ayash" title="Charge at Khan Ayash">Khan Ayash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Amman" title="Second Battle of Amman">2nd Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_at_Haritan" title="Charge at Haritan">Haritan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>For the battles before 1900 <i>see</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire">List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Albanians under the Ottoman Empire</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Rebellion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Macedonian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_uprisings_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Albanian uprisings in the Ottoman Empire">Albanian revolts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%931436" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–1436">1432 – 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">1843 – 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">1912</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Albanian–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina#Downfall" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_revolt_of_1453%E2%80%931454" title="Morea revolt of 1453–1454">Morea revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Pasha_Bushatli#History" title="Mustafa Pasha Bushatli">Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Lopate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Martinići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Murino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vaikal">Vaikal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Congregations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Dib%C3%ABr" title="Congress of Dibër">Dibër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dibra" title="Convention of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dukagjin" title="Convention of Dukagjin">Dukagjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frash%C3%ABr_Assembly_(1880)" title="Frashër Assembly (1880)">Frashër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Ku%C3%A7i" title="Convention of Kuçi">Kuçi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Manastir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Manastir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mat" title="Convention of Mat">Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Preveza" title="Assembly of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">Prizren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Krujë <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">1466 – 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">1477 – 78</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a></li> <li>Shkodër <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">1478 – 79</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912 – 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi-bazouk" title="Bashi-bazouk">Bashi-Bazouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABsonj%C3%ABtorja" title="Mësonjëtorja">Mësonjëtorja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Albania" title="Partition of Albania">Partition of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_piracy" title="Albanian piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li>Principalities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Kastrioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Muzaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Skanderbeg" title="Myth of Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">Spahiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratioti" title="Stratioti">Stratioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eyalets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Berat" title="Pashalik of Berat">Berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Scutari" title="Pashalik of Scutari">Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Yanina" title="Pashalik of Yanina">Yanina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sanjaks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Avlona" title="Sanjak of Avlona">Avlona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Delvina" title="Sanjak of Delvina">Delvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Elbasan" title="Sanjak of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_G%C3%B6rice" title="Sanjak of Görice">Görice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ioannina" title="Sanjak of Ioannina">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ohrid" title="Sanjak of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Scutari</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vilayets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Albanian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_people_from_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:15th-century Albanian people">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:16th-century Albanian people">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:17th-century Albanian people">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:18th-century Albanian people">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:19th-century Albanian people">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:20th-century Albanian people">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Grand_Viziers_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Ottoman Albanian nobility">Ottoman – Albanian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Pashas" title="Category:Albanian Pashas">Pashas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Western_Thrace" title="Albanians of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Arbëreshë</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albania" title="Category:Ottoman Albania">Category</a></li></ul> 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