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align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad8.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/exodus/23-27.htm" title="Exodus 23:27">◄</a> Exodus 23:28 <a href="/exodus/23-29.htm" title="Exodus 23:29">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/exodus/23.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/exodus/23.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />I will send the hornet ahead of you to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/exodus/23.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />I will send terror ahead of you to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/exodus/23.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/exodus/23.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/exodus/23.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/exodus/23.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/23.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />And I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/23.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />&#8220I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/23.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />“And I will send hornets ahead of you, that they may drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/23.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />And I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/23.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />I will send hornets ahead of you which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/23.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />I will send hornets in front of you, and they will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hethites away from you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/23.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />I will send the hornet in front of you, and it will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites away from you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/23.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/exodus/23.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />I will make the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites panic as you approach. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/23.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/23.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />I will spread panic ahead of you to force the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites out of your way.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/exodus/23.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />I will throw your enemies into panic; I will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites as you advance. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/23.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />I'll send hornets ahead of you and they'll drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/23.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/23.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />I will send hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/23.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hethite, from before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/23.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before thee.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/23.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/23.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />And I have sent the hornet before you, and it has cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/23.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> 'And I have sent the hornet before thee, and it hath cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/23.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And I sent hornets before thee and to drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before thee.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/23.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />Sending out hornets before, that shall drive away the Hevite, and the Chanaanite, and the Hethite, before thou come in. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/23.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />sending wasps ahead, so that they will put to flight the Hivite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, before you enter.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/23.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />and ahead of you I will send hornets to drive the Hivites, Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/23.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />And I will send the pestilence in front of you, which shall drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/23.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And I will send fierce armies before you, and will destroy the Canaanites and the Hittites from before you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/23.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And I shall send bees before you and I shall destroy the Canaanites and the Khethites from before you.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/23.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/23.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And I will send hornets before thee, and thou shalt cast out the Amorites and the Evites, and the Chananites and the Chettites from thee.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/23-28.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=5976" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/23.htm">God's Angel to Lead</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">27</span>I will send My terror ahead of you and throw into confusion every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn and run. <span class="reftext">28</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/7971.htm" title="7971: wə·šā·laḥ·tî (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConjPerf-1cs) -- To send. A primitive root; to send away, for, or out.">I will send</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/6880.htm" title="6880: haṣ·ṣir·‘āh (Art:: N-fs) -- Hornets. From tsara'; a wasp.">the hornet</a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā (Prep-l:: N-cpc:: 2ms) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">before you</a> <a href="/hebrew/1644.htm" title="1644: wə·ḡê·rə·šāh (Conj-w:: V-Piel-ConjPerf-3fs) -- To drive out, cast out. A primitive root; to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce.">to drive</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2340.htm" title="2340: ha·ḥiw·wî (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Perhaps from chavvah; a villager; a Chivvite, one of the aboriginal tribes of Palestine.">the Hivites</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3669.htm" title="3669: hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan. Patrial from Kna'an; a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by implication, a pedlar.">and Canaanites</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2850.htm" title="2850: ha·ḥit·tî (Art:: N-proper-ms) -- Desc. of Heth. Patronymically from Cheth; a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth.">and Hittites</a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: mil·lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā (Prep-m, Prep-l:: N-cpc:: 2ms) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">out of your way.</a> </span><span class="reftext">29</span>I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Deuteronomy 7:20</a></span><br />Moreover, the LORD your God will send the hornet against them until even the survivors hiding from you have perished.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/24-12.htm">Joshua 24:12</a></span><br />I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you, but not by your own sword or bow.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/2-25.htm">Deuteronomy 2:25</a></span><br />This very day I will begin to put the dread and fear of you upon all the nations under heaven. They will hear the reports of you and tremble in anguish because of you.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/11-23.htm">Deuteronomy 11:23</a></span><br />then the LORD will drive out all these nations before you, and you will dispossess nations greater and stronger than you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/11-25.htm">Deuteronomy 11:25</a></span><br />No man will be able to stand against you; the LORD your God will put the fear and dread of you upon all the land, wherever you set foot, as He has promised you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/2-9.htm">Joshua 2:9-11</a></span><br />and said to them, “I know that the LORD has given you this land and that the fear of you has fallen on us, so that all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of you. / For we have heard how the LORD dried up the waters of the Red Sea before you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did to Sihon and Og, the two kings of the Amorites across the Jordan, whom you devoted to destruction. / When we heard this, our hearts melted and everyone’s courage failed because of you, for the LORD your God is God in the heavens above and on the earth below.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/2-24.htm">Joshua 2:24</a></span><br />“The LORD has surely delivered the entire land into our hands,” they said to Joshua. “Indeed, all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of us.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/3-10.htm">Joshua 3:10</a></span><br />He continued, “This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/5-1.htm">Joshua 5:1</a></span><br />Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast heard how the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan before the Israelites until they had crossed over, their hearts melted and their spirits failed for fear of the Israelites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/6-20.htm">Joshua 6:20-21</a></span><br />So when the rams’ horns sounded, the people shouted. When they heard the blast of the horn, the people gave a great shout, and the wall collapsed. Then all the people charged straight into the city and captured it. / With the edge of the sword they devoted to destruction everything in the city—man and woman, young and old, oxen, sheep, and donkeys.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/judges/2-21.htm">Judges 2:21-23</a></span><br />I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died. / In this way I will test whether Israel will keep the way of the LORD by walking in it as their fathers did.” / That is why the LORD had left those nations in place and had not driven them out immediately by delivering them into the hand of Joshua.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/44-2.htm">Psalm 44:2-3</a></span><br />With Your hand You drove out the nations and planted our fathers there; You crushed the peoples and cast them out. / For it was not by their sword that they took the land; their arm did not bring them victory. It was by Your right hand, Your arm, and the light of Your face, because You favored them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/7-18.htm">Isaiah 7:18</a></span><br />On that day the LORD will whistle to the flies at the farthest streams of the Nile and to the bees in the land of Assyria.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/24-17.htm">Isaiah 24:17-18</a></span><br />Terror and pit and snare await you, O dweller of the earth. / Whoever flees the sound of panic will fall into the pit, and whoever climbs from the pit will be caught in the snare. For the windows of heaven are open, and the foundations of the earth are shaken.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/8-17.htm">Jeremiah 8:17</a></span><br />“For behold, I will send snakes among you, vipers that cannot be charmed, and they will bite you,” declares the LORD.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.</p><p class="hdg">hornets.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Deuteronomy 7:20</a></b></br> Moreover the LORD thy God will send the hornet among them, until they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be destroyed.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/joshua/24-11.htm">Joshua 24:11</a></b></br> And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/exodus/23-27.htm">Ahead</a> <a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Canaanite</a> <a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Canaanites</a> <a href="/exodus/23-26.htm">Cast</a> <a href="/exodus/14-25.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/exodus/14-25.htm">Driving</a> <a href="/exodus/23-17.htm">Face</a> <a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Hittite</a> <a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Hittites</a> <a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Hivite</a> <a href="/exodus/23-23.htm">Hivites</a> <a href="/joshua/24-12.htm">Hornet</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Hornets</a> <a href="/exodus/23-20.htm">Way</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/numbers/22-26.htm">Ahead</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Canaanite</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Canaanites</a> <a href="/exodus/23-29.htm">Cast</a> <a href="/exodus/23-29.htm">Drive</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Driving</a> <a href="/exodus/25-20.htm">Face</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Hittite</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Hittites</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Hivite</a> <a href="/exodus/33-2.htm">Hivites</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Hornet</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Hornets</a> <a href="/exodus/26-6.htm">Way</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 23</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-1.htm">Of slander, false witness, and partiality</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-4.htm">Of charitableness</a></span><br><span class="reftext">6. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-6.htm">Of justice in judgment</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-8.htm">Of taking bribes</a></span><br><span class="reftext">9. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-9.htm">Of oppressing a stranger</a></span><br><span class="reftext">10. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-10.htm">Of the year of rest</a></span><br><span class="reftext">12. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-12.htm">Of the Sabbath</a></span><br><span class="reftext">13. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-13.htm">Of idolatry</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-14.htm">Of the three feasts</a></span><br><span class="reftext">18. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-18.htm">Of the blood and the fat of the sacrifice</a></span><br><span class="reftext">20. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/23-20.htm">An angel is promised, with a blessing, if they obey him</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/23.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/exodus/23.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>I will send the hornet before you</b><br>This phrase indicates divine intervention in the conquest of Canaan. The "hornet" is often interpreted as a metaphor for fear or panic that God would instill in Israel's enemies, causing them to flee. In the ancient Near East, hornets were known for their aggressive nature, symbolizing the terror that would precede the Israelites. This aligns with God's promise to fight for Israel (<a href="/exodus/14-14.htm">Exodus 14:14</a>) and is echoed in <a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Deuteronomy 7:20</a> and <a href="/joshua/24-12.htm">Joshua 24:12</a>, where God uses natural means to achieve His purposes.<p><b>to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites</b><br>These groups were among the inhabitants of Canaan, representing the broader coalition of nations that occupied the Promised Land. The Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites were known for their fortified cities and advanced cultures. Historically, these peoples were part of the larger Canaanite civilization, which was characterized by its polytheistic religion and practices that were abominable to the Israelites (<a href="/leviticus/18-3.htm">Leviticus 18:3, 24</a>-30). The mention of these specific groups underscores the comprehensive nature of God's promise to clear the land for Israel.<p><b>out of your way</b><br>This phrase emphasizes the removal of obstacles to Israel's settlement in the Promised Land. It signifies God's active role in fulfilling His covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (<a href="/genesis/15-18.htm">Genesis 15:18-21</a>). Theologically, it reflects the idea of divine providence and the assurance that God will make a way for His people. This concept is further developed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to trust in God's guidance and provision (<a href="/romans/8-28.htm">Romans 8:28</a>). The removal of these nations also prefigures the ultimate victory over sin and death through Jesus Christ, who clears the way for believers to enter into eternal rest (<a href="/hebrews/4-8.htm">Hebrews 4:8-10</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_israelites.htm">The Israelites</a></b><br>God's chosen people, whom He is leading to the Promised Land.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_hornet.htm">The Hornet</a></b><br>A divine instrument used by God to drive out the inhabitants of the land.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_hivites.htm">The Hivites</a></b><br>One of the Canaanite tribes inhabiting the land promised to Israel.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_canaanites.htm">The Canaanites</a></b><br>A collective term for the various tribes living in the land of Canaan.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_hittites.htm">The Hittites</a></b><br>Another tribe residing in the land, known for their historical significance and influence.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/d/divine_intervention.htm">Divine Intervention</a></b><br>God uses His creation, even insects, to fulfill His purposes. Trust in God's sovereignty and His ability to work in unexpected ways.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_faithfulness.htm">God's Faithfulness</a></b><br>The promise to send the hornet is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises. Reflect on God's faithfulness in your own life.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/spiritual_warfare.htm">Spiritual Warfare</a></b><br>Just as God drove out the enemies of Israel, He can help us overcome spiritual battles. Rely on God's strength rather than your own.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/o/obedience_and_trust.htm">Obedience and Trust</a></b><br>The Israelites were called to trust in God's plan and timing. Practice obedience and trust in God's guidance in your life.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_timing.htm">God's Timing</a></b><br>The gradual driving out of the inhabitants teaches patience and reliance on God's perfect timing. Be patient and trust in God's timing for your life.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_exodus_23.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Exodus 23</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_does_the_bible_say_about_hornets.htm">What does the Bible mention about hornets?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_does_'the_hornet'_align_with_history.htm">Joshua 24:12 – How does the account of God sending “the hornet” align with historical or natural evidence of plagues or insects driving out inhabitants? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/is_angelic_guidance_in_exodus_verifiable.htm">In Exodus 23:20-23, how is the supernatural guidance by an angel historically or archeologically verifiable?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_would_god_displace_nations_for_israel.htm">In Exodus 23:23-31, why would a just God command the displacement of entire nations for Israel's sake?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/23.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(28) <span class= "bld">I will send hornets.</span>--Heb., <span class= "ital">the hornet. </span>Comp. <a href="/joshua/24-12.htm" title="And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with your sword, nor with your bow.">Joshua 24:12</a>, where "the hornet" is said to have been sent. No doubt hornets might be so numerous as to become an intolerable plague, and induce a nation to quit its country and seek another (see Bochart, <span class= "ital">Hierozoic. </span>iv. 13). But as we have no historical account of the kind in connection with the Canaanite races, the expression here used is scarcely to be taken literally. Probably the Egyptians are the hornets intended. It was they who, under Rameses III., broke the power of the Hittites and other nations of Palestine, while the Israelites were sojourners in the wilderness. Possibly the term was chosen in reference to the hieroglyphic sign for "king" in Egypt, which was the figure of a bee or wasp. The author of the Book of Wisdom seems, however, to have understood the expression literally (<a href="//apocrypha.org/wisdom_of_solomon/12-8.htm" title="Nevertheless even those thou sparedst as men, and didst send wasps, forerunners of thine host, to destroy them by little and little.">Wisdom Of Solomon 12:8-9</a>).<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/23.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 28.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And I will send hornets before thee.</span> This is scarcely to be taken literally, since no actual plague of hornets is mentioned in the historical narrative. "Hornets" here, and in <a href="/deuteronomy/7-20.htm">Deuteronomy 7:20</a>; <a href="/joshua/24-12.htm">Joshua 24:12</a>, are probably plagues or troubles of any kind, divinely sent to break the power of the heathen nations, and render them an easier prey to the Israelites, when they made their invasion. Possibly, the main "hornets" were the Egyptians, who, under Rameses III., successfully invaded Palestine about the time of Israel's sojourn in the wilderness, and weakened the power of the Hittites (Khita). The <span class="cmt_word">Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite</span>. By a common figure of speech, a part is put {or the whole - three nations for seven. The three names seem to be taken at random, but include the two nations of most power - the Canaanites and the Hittites. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/23-28.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">I will send</span><br /><span class="heb">וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י</span> <span class="translit">(wə·šā·laḥ·tî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7971.htm">Strong's 7971: </a> </span><span class="str2">To send away, for, out</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the hornet</span><br /><span class="heb">הַצִּרְעָ֖ה</span> <span class="translit">(haṣ·ṣir·‘āh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6880.htm">Strong's 6880: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hornets</span><br /><br /><span class="word">before you</span><br /><span class="heb">לְפָנֶ֑יךָ</span> <span class="translit">(lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> </span><span class="str2">The face</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to drive</span><br /><span class="heb">וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ḡê·rə·šāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1644.htm">Strong's 1644: </a> </span><span class="str2">To drive out from a, possession, to expatriate, divorce</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Hivites</span><br /><span class="heb">הַחִוִּ֧י</span> <span class="translit">(ha·ḥiw·wî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2340.htm">Strong's 2340: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hivite -- a Chivvite</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Canaanites</span><br /><span class="heb">הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י</span> <span class="translit">(hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3669.htm">Strong's 3669: </a> </span><span class="str2">Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Hittites</span><br /><span class="heb">הַחִתִּ֖י</span> <span class="translit">(ha·ḥit·tî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2850.htm">Strong's 2850: </a> </span><span class="str2">Hittite -- a Chittite</span><br /><br /><span class="word">out of your way.</span><br /><span class="heb">מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃</span> <span class="translit">(mil·lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m, Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | second person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> </span><span class="str2">The face</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/23-28.htm">Exodus 23:28 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/23-28.htm">OT Law: Exodus 23:28 I will send the hornet before you (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/23-27.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 23:27"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 23:27" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/23-29.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 23:29"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 23:29" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>