CINXE.COM
Search results - Met Office
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search","20201027133309","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1603805589"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, width=device-width, viewport-fit=cover"> <meta name="eGMS.accessibility" content="A"/> <meta name="eGMS.subject.category" content="Climate and weather"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@metoffice"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="208580322593329"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Met Office"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#2a2a2a"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/icons/social-icons/default_card_315.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="315"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="315"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="LR7Q3483mkrmLcJJZpzIbl48mNnTbBDVzjA3GqT3Q2M"/> <meta name="google-translate-customization" content="f8c19e614cd5ee7e-37428b41ac444aca-gd1bc91f73b6940ae-14"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20201027133309cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/css/compiled/base.css" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/adhoc/mo-adhoc.js" defer></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309js_/https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.3.min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/gdpr-consent/cookieControl-config.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20201027133309cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/css/compiled/components/feedback-banner.css" type="text/css"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex"/> <title>Search results - Met Office</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Search results"/> <meta name="title" data-type="string" class="swiftype" content="Search results"/> <script src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/js/minified/advertising.min.js" type="text/x-run-after-consent"></script> <script src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/data/scripts/metoffice_responsive.js" type="text/x-run-after-consent"></script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("ad-bottom","ad-bottom",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice = window.metoffice || {}; window.metoffice.advertising = window.metoffice.advertising || {}; window.metoffice.advertising.addTargeting("env", "beta"); window.metoffice.advertising.addTargeting("warnings", "true"); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("mpuOnly","mpuOnly",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("skyRight","skyRight",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("skyLeft","skyLeft",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("forecastLeader","forecastLeader",false); //]]> </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20201027133309cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/css/compiled/search-results.css" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20201027133309cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/css/compiled/pagination.css" type="text/css"/> <script> dataLayer = []; </script> </head> <body class="no-js user-tabbing"> <script> document.body.classList.remove("no-js"); </script> <header id="header"> <div id="skiplink-container" tabindex="0"> <a href="#content" id="skiplink" class="skiplink">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="upper"> <div class="upper-container container row middle-xs"> <div class="logo col-xs-8 col-lg-2"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/"><img class="mo-logo" src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/logos/mo-green-white.svg" alt="Met Office"/></a> </div> <div class="menu-button col-xs-4 hide-lg no-js-hide"> <button id="menu-button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lower-container">Menu</button> </div> <nav aria-label="first level" class="top-menu has-edit-button col-lg-10 show-lg hide-sm hide-xs"> <ul id="top-level-menu"> <li><a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather" data-topmenu-id="0" aria-controls="menu0">Weather & climate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research" data-topmenu-id="1" aria-controls="menu1">Research programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services" data-topmenu-id="2" aria-controls="menu2">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us" data-topmenu-id="3" aria-controls="menu3">About us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="lower"> <div id="lower-container" class="lower-container container row middle-lg" data-nav="false" data-second-nav="false" data-search="false"> <div class="logo-container"> <div class="logo col-xs-8 col-lg-2"> <a id="menu-open-logo" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/"><span class="mo-logo">Met Office</span></a> </div> <div class="menu-button col-xs-4 hide-lg no-js-hide"> <button id="close-menu-button" type="button" value="Close" aria-controls="lower-container" aria-label="Close menu"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="close" title="Close">Close</span> </button> </div> </div> <form id="site-search-form" class="search-form col-xs-12" role="search" action="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search" method="get"> <label for="site-search-input" class="off-screen no-js-hide">Search site</label> <input id="site-search-input" type="search" class="col-sm-11" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" required> <button type="submit" tabindex="-1" value="Search" title="Search" class="col-sm-1 col-lg-offset-0"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="search">Search</span> </button> <button id="close-search-button" type="button" title="Close" value="Close" class="no-js-hide"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="close">x</span> </button> </form> <div class="third-level-back col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-12 col-lg-offset-0"> <span id="third-level-back" class="row middle-xs" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Back to second level menu"> <img src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/icons/common/chevron-right-grey.svg" alt="chevron" aria-hidden="true"> <span>Back</span> </span> </div> <nav aria-label="second level" id="secondary-nav" class="main-menu col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-11 col-lg-offset-0 no-js-show"> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="0" data-toggle="true" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-0" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather">Weather & climate <img role="presentation" src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-0" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>Everything you need to know about the forecast, and making the most of the weather.</span> </div> <ul id="menu0" data-submenu-id="0" data-toggle="true"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/" data-index="0">Find a forecast</a> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub1" data-index="1">Warnings & advice</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Warnings & advice</div> <ul id="menu0Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/uk-warnings" data-index="0">UK weather warnings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/uk-storm-centre/index" data-index="1">UK Storm Centre</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/seasonal-advice" data-index="2">Seasonal advice</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/map" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub2" data-index="2">Maps & charts</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Maps & charts</div> <ul id="menu0Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/observation/rainfall-radar" data-index="0">Rainfall radar</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/map" data-index="1">UK weather map</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/maps-and-charts/surface-pressure" data-index="2">Surface pressure charts</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/maps-and-charts/global-map/" data-index="3">Global map (Beta)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub3" data-index="3">Climate</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Climate</div> <ul id="menu0Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/what-is-climate-change" data-index="0">What is climate change?</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/causes-of-climate-change" data-index="1">Causes of climate change</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/effects-of-climate-change" data-index="2">Effects of climate change</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate/uk-climate" data-index="3">UK climate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate/science" data-index="4">Climate science</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/organisations-and-reports" data-index="5">Organisations and reports</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub4" data-index="4">Specialist forecasts</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Specialist forecasts</div> <ul id="menu0Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/coast-and-sea" data-index="0">Coast and Sea</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/mountain" data-index="1">Mountain</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/space-weather" data-index="2">Space Weather</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub5" data-index="5">Learn about...</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Learn about...</div> <ul id="menu0Sub5" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/past-uk-weather-events" data-index="0">Past UK weather events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather" data-index="1">Weather</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/how-forecasts-are-made" data-index="2">How forecasts are made</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/met-office-for-schools" data-index="3">Met Office for Schools</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> </ul> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="1" data-toggle="false" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-1" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research">Research programmes <img role="presentation" src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-1" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>The latest breakthroughs, research and news from the Met Office.</span> </div> <ul id="menu1" data-submenu-id="1" data-toggle="false"> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/index" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub0" data-index="0">Our approach</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Our approach</div> <ul id="menu1Sub0" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/overview" data-index="0">Overview by our Chief Scientist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/how-met-office-science-is-reviewed" data-index="1">How Met Office science is reviewed</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration" data-index="2">Collaboration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/modelling-systems" data-index="3">Modelling systems</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/monitoring" data-index="4">Monitoring</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/our-scientists/people" data-index="5">Our scientists</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub1" data-index="1">Weather science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Weather science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/atmospheric-dispersion" data-index="0">Atmospheric dispersion and air quality</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/data-assimilation" data-index="1">Data assimilation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/ensemble-forecasting" data-index="2">Ensemble forecasting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research" data-index="3">Observations research and development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/ocean-forecasting" data-index="4">Ocean forecasting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/research-to-operations" data-index="5">Research to operations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/satellite-applications" data-index="6">Satellite applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/verification-impacts-and-post-processing" data-index="7">Verification, impacts and post-processing</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/weather-science-it" data-index="8">Weather science IT</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub2" data-index="2">Climate science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Climate science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/cryosphere-oceans" data-index="0">Climate, cryosphere and oceans</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/climate-impacts" data-index="1">Climate impacts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/climate-monitoring/index" data-index="2">Climate monitoring and attribution</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/earth-system-science" data-index="3">Earth system science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal" data-index="4">Monthly to decadal prediction</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data" data-index="5">UK climate maps and data</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/understanding-climate" data-index="6">Understanding climate change</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub3" data-index="3">Applied science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Applied science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/aviation" data-index="0">Aviation applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/international" data-index="1">Climate information for international development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/climate-security" data-index="2">Climate security</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/climate-service" data-index="3">Climate services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/defence" data-index="4">Defence applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/post-processing" data-index="5">Post-processing applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/science-for-impacts-resilience-and-adaptation" data-index="6">Science for Impacts, Resilience and Adaptation (SIRA)</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/science-health-strategy" data-index="7">Science health strategy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub4" data-index="4">Foundation science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Foundation science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/parametrizations" data-index="0">Atmospheric processes and parametrizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/dynamics" data-index="1">Dynamic research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/global-modelling" data-index="2">Global modelling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/observational-studies" data-index="3">Observation-based research</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/regional-model-evaluation-and-development/index" data-index="4">Regional model evaluation and development</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive" data-index="5">Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/news" data-index="6">News</a> </li> </ul> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="2" data-toggle="false" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-2" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services">Services <img role="presentation" src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-2" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>Support your business with world-leading science and technology.</span> </div> <ul id="menu2" data-submenu-id="2" data-toggle="false"> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub0" data-index="0">Government</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Government</div> <ul id="menu2Sub0" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/defence-and-security" data-index="0">Defence and security</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/devolved-administrations" data-index="1">Devolved administrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/environmental-hazard-resilience" data-index="2">Environmental Hazard and Resilience Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/international-development" data-index="3">International development</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/met-office-hadley-centre-climate-programme" data-index="4">MO Hadley Centre Climate Programme</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub1" data-index="1">Transport</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Transport</div> <ul id="menu2Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/aviation/commercial" data-index="0">Aviation commercial</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/aviation/regulated" data-index="1">Aviation regulated</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/cav" data-index="2">CAV</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/marine" data-index="3">Marine</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/rail" data-index="4">Rail</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/road" data-index="5">Road</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub2" data-index="2">Business & industry</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Business & industry</div> <ul id="menu2Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/agriculture" data-index="0">Agriculture</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/construction" data-index="1">Construction</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/energy" data-index="2">Energy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/event-management" data-index="3">Event management</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/legal-insurance" data-index="4">Legal and insurance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/media" data-index="5">Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/mining" data-index="6">Mining</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/retail" data-index="7">Retail</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/water" data-index="8">Water</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub3" data-index="3">Data</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Data</div> <ul id="menu2Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data" data-index="0">Weather and climate data</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub4" data-index="4">Research & consulting</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Research & consulting</div> <ul id="menu2Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/access-a-meteorologist" data-index="0">Access a meteorologist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/climate-service" data-index="1">Climate service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/international-programmes" data-index="2">International programmes</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/weather-climate-consultancy" data-index="3">Weather and climate consultancy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/insights" data-index="5">Insights</a> </li> </ul> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="3" data-toggle="false" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-3" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us">About us <img role="presentation" src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-3" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>Who we are, what we do and organisational news.</span> </div> <ul id="menu3" data-submenu-id="3" data-toggle="false"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/who" data-index="0">Who we are</a> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/supplying-the-met-office" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub1" data-index="1">Supplying the Met Office</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Supplying the Met Office</div> <ul id="menu3Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/supplying-the-met-office/advertising/sponsorship-opportunities" data-index="0">Advertising</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/supplying-the-met-office/procurement" data-index="1">Procurement</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub2" data-index="2">Press Office</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Press Office</div> <ul id="menu3Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate" data-index="0">Weather and climate news</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/corporate" data-index="1">Corporate news</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/" data-index="2">News blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/media-resources/podcasts" data-index="3">Podcasts</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/contact-press-office" data-index="4">Contact the Press Office</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub3" data-index="3">Careers</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Careers</div> <ul id="menu3Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/working-here" data-index="0">Working at the Met Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/your-career" data-index="1">Your career</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/vacancies" data-index="2">Vacancies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/rewards-and-benefits" data-index="3">Rewards and benefits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/equality-diversity-and-inclusion" data-index="4">Equality, diversity and inclusion</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/apprentices-graduates-and-placements" data-index="5">Apprentices, graduates and placements</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub4" data-index="4">Contact us</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Contact us</div> <ul id="menu3Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact" data-index="0">Contact details</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/forms/website-feedback" data-index="1">Feedback form</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact/in-exeter" data-index="2">How to find us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> <hr class="main-menu-divider col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 hide-lg"> <div id="nav-control" class="nav-control col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-1 col-lg-offset-0"> <div id="nav-control-buttons" class="nav-control-buttons"> <div> <button id="settings-button" class="no-js-hide" onclick="window.metoffice.base.delayEditPreferences('dlgSettings', this)"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="settings" role="img" title="Settings"></span><span class="icon-label">Settings</span> </button> </div> <div role="search"> <a role="button" id="search-button" href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search"> <span class="icon" role="img" data-type="global" data-value="search" title="Expand search"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="affiliate-links" class="affiliate-links col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 hide-lg"></div> </div> </div> <div class="print-header" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/logos/mo-logo-black.svg" alt="Met Office Logo"> </div> </header> <main id="content" aria-labelledby="page-header"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert forecastLeader" id="forecastLeader"></div> </div> <div class="wrap-3-col"> <div class="wrap-3-left"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert skyLeft" id="skyLeft"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap-3-mid"> <div class="content-container"> <form class="website-search-form" role="search" action="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group"> <label for="txtSearch" class="off-screen">Search site</label> <input id="txtSearch" type="text" class="results" name="query" value="" required> <button type="submit" tabindex="-1"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="search">Search</span> </button> </div> </form> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-7 col-lg-8"> <div class="content-header"> <h1 id="page-header">Search results ()</h1> </div> <div class="results"> <h2 class="off-screen">Web results</h2> </div> <h2 class="off-screen">Page navigation</h2> <ul class="pagination"> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-4 right-mpu"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert mpuOnly" id="mpuOnly"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert ad-bottom" id="ad-bottom"></div> </div> <div> <div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap-3-right"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert skyRight" id="skyRight"></div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="content-container" role="contentinfo" aria-label="feedback banner"> <section class="feedback-banner-component"> <h2 class="feedback-banner-header">Help us improve our website</h2> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/feedback">Take our short survey</a> </section></div> <footer role="contentinfo" aria-label="footer"> <div class="upper"> <div class="content-container row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-lg-2"> <img class="mo-logo" src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/logos/mo-green-white.svg" alt="Met Office"/> </div> <div class="link-column col-xs-12 col-lg-10"> <div class="row"> <div class="left col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="has-edit-button"> <ul id="footer-1"> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://college.metoffice.gov.uk/">Met Office College</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://library.metoffice.gov.uk/portal">National Meteorological Library & Archive</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data">Data</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://wow.metoffice.gov.uk/">Weather Observations Website (WOW)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="right col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="has-edit-button"> <ul id="footer-2"> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/website/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal/privacy">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal/cookies">Cookie policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal">Legal</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/guide-to-emails">Email updates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/guides/rss">RSS</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="lower"> <div class="content-container row"> <div class="app-badges col-sm-5 col-xs-12"> <a class="google-play" rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.gov.metoffice.weather.android&referrer=utm_source%3DMet%2520Office%2520Desktop%2520site%2520apps%2520page"> <img src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/app-badges/google-play-badge.svg" class="google-play-badge" alt="Get it on Google Play"> </a> <a class="app-store" rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1068146838"> <img src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/app-badges/apple-store-badge.svg" class="apple-store-badge" alt="Download on the App Store"> </a> </div> <div class="follow-icons col-sm-5 col-xs-12 last-sm"> <ul class="horizontal-list"> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.facebook.com/metoffice" title="Follow us on Facebook"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="facebook"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://twitter.com/metoffice" title="Follow us on Twitter"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="twitter"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.youtube.com/user/TheMetOffice" title="Follow us on YouTube"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="youtube"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.instagram.com/metoffice/" title="Follow us on Instagram"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="instagram"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.snapchat.com/add/metoffice" title="Follow us on Snapchat"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="snapchat"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.linkedin.com/company/met-office/" title="Follow us on LinkedIn"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="linkedin"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="copyright col-sm-2 col-xs-12"> <small><a href="/web/20201027133309/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal#licences">漏 Crown Copyright</a></small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="print-footer"> <img src="/web/20201027133309im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/images/logos/mo-logo-black.svg" alt="Met Office Logo"/> <p>漏 Crown Copyright</p> </div> </footer> <div id="settings-container" data-scripts="/webfiles/1603795373494/js/minified/dialog.min.js /webfiles/1603795373494/js/minified/edit-preferences.min.js" data-styles="/webfiles/1603795373494/css/compiled/components/dialog.css"></div> <script src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/js/minified/global.min.js"></script> <script>window['gtag_enable_tcf_support'] = true;</script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent" data-consent-purposes="1,3,7,9,10">//<![CDATA[ (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l !== 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201027133309/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NG48PDS'); //]]></script> <script src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/js/common/delete-analytics-cookies.js" type="text/x-run-after-consent" data-consent-purposes="!1"></script> <script src="/web/20201027133309js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1603795373494/js/common/run-scripts-needing-consent.js"></script> </body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 13:33:09 Oct 27, 2020 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 04:32:42 Nov 25, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.541 exclusion.robots: 0.025 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.016 esindex: 0.011 cdx.remote: 4.697 LoadShardBlock: 138.678 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 92.922 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 113.576 (2) load_resource: 100.387 -->