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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去發音細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-發音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-重音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>重音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語調" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語調"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>語調</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語調-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音（母音）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音（母音）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>元音（母音）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音（母音）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他話對德文嘅影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他話對德文嘅影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>其他話對德文嘅影響</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他話對德文嘅影響-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去其他話對德文嘅影響細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他話對德文嘅影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英文對德文嘅影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英文對德文嘅影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>英文對德文嘅影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英文對德文嘅影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基本詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>基本詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">德文</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有265種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-265" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">265種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Агерман бызшәа – 阿布哈茲文" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агерман бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈茲文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Jeureuman" title="Bahsa Jeureuman – 亞齊文" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Jeureuman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亞齊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Германыбзэ – 阿迪各文" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Германыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪各文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ጀርመንኛ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C4%93odsc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Þēodsc sprǣc – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þēodsc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الألمانية – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لألمانية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألمانية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه المانى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه المانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Герман мацӀ – 阿瓦爾文" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Герман мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_aru" title="Aliman aru – 艾馬拉文" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aliman aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾馬拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آلمان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Немец теле – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Немец теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – 峇里文" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="峇里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche_Sproch" title="Deitsche Sproch – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitsche Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABtiu_kalba" title="Vuokītiu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Aleman" title="Tataramon na Aleman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Aleman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немски език – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Немски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জার্মান ভাষা – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མན་སྐད། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamaneg" title="Alamaneg – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alamaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Jerman" title="Saro Jerman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Герман хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Герман хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Dáik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dáik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Девтойн мотт – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – 柴羅基文" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="柴羅基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27%C4%97ho%C3%A9seotse" title="Ma'ėhoéseotse – 沙伊安文" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'ėhoéseotse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="沙伊安文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەڵمانی – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەڵمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tili" title="Alman tili – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alman tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemiecczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Niemiecczi jãzëk – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Niemiecczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – 宗教斯拉夫文" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="宗教斯拉夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Нимĕç чĕлхи – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нимĕç чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaeneg" title="Almaeneg – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Almaeneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦文章"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk_(sprog)" title="Tysk (sprog) – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tysk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaamani" title="Jaamani – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Jaamani" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanki" title="Almanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Nimšćina – 下索布文" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="އަލްމާނީ – 迪維西文" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަލްމާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪維西文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική γλώσσα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%C3%A8sch" title="Tedèsch – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tedèsch" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_lingvo" title="Germana lingvo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_alemana" title="Lengua alemana – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua alemana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان آلمانی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آلمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almankoore" title="Almankoore – 富拉文" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Almankoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kieli" title="Saksan kieli – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27aksa_kiil" title="S'aksa kiil – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="S'aksa kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Týskt mál – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Týskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%BCsch" title="Tjüsch – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tjüsch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_todescje" title="Lenghe todescje – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe todescje" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1inis" title="An Ghearmáinis – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anlman" title="Anlman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Anlman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmailtis" title="Gearmailtis – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmailtis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_alem%C3%A1" title="Lingua alemá – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua alemá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="آلماني زوؤن – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلماني زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Alemañañe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Alemañañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – 科隆達羅文" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="科隆達羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – 哥德文" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="જર્મન ભાષા – 古吉拉特文" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મન ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanish" title="Germaanish – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-ng%C3%AE" title="Tet-ngî – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Kelem%C4%81nia" title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia – 夏威夷文" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרמנית – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_bhasa" title="German bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="German bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_alman" title="Lang alman – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9met_nyelv" title="Német nyelv – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Német nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներեն – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գերմաներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_german" title="Lingua german – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua german" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Jereman" title="Jaku Jereman – 伊班文" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Jereman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Aleman" title="Pagsasao nga Aleman – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Aleman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Немций мотт – 印古什文" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniana_linguo" title="Germaniana linguo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germaniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska" title="Þýska – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E" title="ドイツ語 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joerman" title="Joerman – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joerman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotybau" title="dotybau – 邏輯文" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="邏輯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ენა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talmant" title="Tutlayt Talmant – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt Talmant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Джэрмэныбзэ – 卡巴爾達文" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джэрмэныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴爾達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Caama kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caama kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidoitce" title="Kidoitce – 剛果文" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kidoitce" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="剛果文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Неміс тілі – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Неміс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់ – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – 科米-彼爾米亞克文" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼爾米亞克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Немец тил – 卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Немец тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جَرمَن زَبان – 喀什米爾文" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَرمَن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="喀什米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtsche_Sprooch" title="Dütsche Sprooch – 科隆文" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dütsche Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_alman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê almanî – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê almanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – 科米文" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaynek" title="Almaynek – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Almaynek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Немис тили – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Немис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Theodisca" title="Lingua Theodisca – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Theodisca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_almana" title="Lingua almana – 拉迪諾文" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua almana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪諾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itsch" title="Däitsch – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Немец маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Немец маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Немец чӀал – 列茲干文" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Немец чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列茲干文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutx_(lingua)" title="Deutx (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Deutx (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tedesca" title="Lengua tedesca – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_tud%C3%ABsch" title="Lingaz tudësch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz tudësch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_todesca" title="Lengua todesca – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua todesca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lial%C3%A9mani" title="Lialémani – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lialémani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vokiečių kalba – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoc%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Vuocīšu volūda – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vuocīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cu_valoda" title="Vācu valoda – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – 邁蒂利文" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="邁蒂利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Дойчень кяль – 莫克沙文" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дойчень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_alem%C3%A0na" title="Fiteny alemàna – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny alemàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Немыч йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Tiamana" title="Reo Tiamana – 毛利文" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tiamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Jerman" title="Bahaso Jerman – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Германски јазик – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Герман хэл – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герман хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普裡文" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普裡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ġermaniża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_almana" title="Lhéngua almana – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua almana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Немецень кель – 厄爾茲亞文" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Немецень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄爾茲亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آلمانی – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_germanese" title="Lengua germanese – 拿波里文" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua germanese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="拿波里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsche_Spraak" title="Düütsche Spraak – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनेली भाषा – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्मनेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanum" title="Germanum – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germanum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemaund" title="Allemaund – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Allemaund" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – 北索托文" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_Bich%CA%BCahii_Bizaad" title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad – 納瓦霍文" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="納瓦霍文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germuanien_kieli" title="Germuanien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germuanien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Немыцаг æвзаг – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Немыцаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Alemano" title="Salitan Alemano – 潘加辛文" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Alemano" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="潘加辛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n" title="Alemán – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alemán" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemant" title="Alemant – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alemant" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtandard-Deitsch" title="Schtandard-Deitsch – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schtandard-Deitsch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirman" title="Jirman – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jirman" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język niemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ted%C3%ABsca" title="Lenga tedësca – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga tedësca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جرمن بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جرمني ژبه – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3" title="Língua alemã – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua alemã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_simi" title="Aliman simi – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aliman simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tudestga" title="Lingua tudestga – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tudestga" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermanikani_chib" title="Jermanikani chib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jermanikani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba germană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_gherm%C3%A3nesc%C3%A3" title="Limba ghermãnescã – 羅馬尼亞語系" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba ghermãnescã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞語系" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_tedesche" title="Lènga tedesche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga tedesche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Немецкий язык – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нїмецькый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нїмецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikidage" title="Ikidage – 盧安達文" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikidage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="盧安達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनभाषा – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मनभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ньиэмэс тыла – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньиэмэс тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 散塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="散塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tedesca" title="Limba tedesca – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba tedesca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tidesca" title="Lingua tidesca – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua tidesca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_leid" title="German leid – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="German leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جرمن ٻولي – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمن ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiskkagiella" title="Duiskkagiella – 北方薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talimant" title="Tutlayt Talimant – 希爾哈文" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Talimant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希爾哈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C4%8Dina" title="Nemčina – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Nemščina – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Siamani" title="Faʻa Siamani – 薩摩亞文" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Siamani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="薩摩亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksakiel%C3%A2" title="Saksakielâ – 伊納裡薩米文" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saksakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊納裡薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chijerumani" title="Chijerumani – 塞內加爾文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chijerumani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="塞內加爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_gjermane" title="Gjuha gjermane – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немачки језик – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doysritongo" title="Doysritongo – 蘇拉南東墎文" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Doysritongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="蘇拉南東墎文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADJalim%C3%A1ne" title="SíJalimáne – 斯瓦特文" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíJalimáne" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – 塞索托文" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="塞索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsk" title="Düütsk – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düütsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_J%C3%A9rman" title="Basa Jérman – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Jérman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦文章"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijerumani" title="Kijerumani – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjymjecko_godka" title="Mjymjecko godka – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjymjecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="జర్మన్ భాష – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జర్మన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-alemaun" title="Lia-alemaun – 泰頓文" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-alemaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="泰頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони олмонӣ – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони олмонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาเยอรมัน – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Aleman" title="Wikang Aleman – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Aleman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almani_zyvon" title="Almani zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – 突尼西亞文" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="突尼西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Jeman" title="Tok Jeman – 托比辛文" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Jeman" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托比辛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanca" title="Almanca – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tele" title="Alman tele – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Alman tele" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Heremani" title="Reo Heremani – 大溪地文" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Heremani" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="大溪地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец дыл – 土凡文" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Немец дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="土凡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец кыл – 沃蒂艾克文" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Немец кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="沃蒂艾克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="نېمىس تىلى – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېمىس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Німецька мова – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جرمن زبان – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمن زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_todesca" title="Łéngua todesca – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua todesca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kel%27" title="Saksan kel' – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saksan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tiếng Đức – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deut%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Deutänapük – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Deutänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almand_(lingaedje)" title="Almand (lingaedje) – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almand (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Немшин келн – 卡爾梅克文" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Немшин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡爾梅克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJamani" title="IsiJamani – 科薩文" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiJamani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科薩文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9" title="דייטש – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Germany" title="Èdè Germany – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Germany" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Dwzgoz" title="Vah Dwzgoz – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Dwzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-g%C3%AD" title="Tek-gí – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJalimani" title="IsiJalimani – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiJalimani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&oldid=2144815" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&id=2144815&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%2596%2587"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%2596%2587"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1430" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">德文<br /><small></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">Deutsch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">發音</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><span title="IPA" class="IPA"><small></small><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%98%85%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E8%AE%80%E9%9F%B3" title="Help:德文嘅國際音標讀音">[dɔʏtʃ]</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">用嘅國家、地區</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="德國"><img alt="德國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國">德國</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利"><img alt="奧地利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利">奧地利</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="比利時"><img alt="比利時" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="比利時">比利時</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/25px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/38px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/50px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="盧森堡"><img alt="盧森堡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/25px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/38px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/50px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">區域</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%8D%80" title="瑞士德文區">瑞士德文區</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="比利時"><img alt="比利時" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="比利時">比利時</a><br />• <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比利時德文區" data-lang-code="zh" data-lang-name="中文" data-foreign-title="比利時德語社群"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比利時德文區 (無呢版)">比利時德文區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">中文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" class="extiw" title="zh:比利時德語社群"><span lang="zh" dir="auto">比利時德語社群</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF" title="阿爾薩斯">阿爾薩斯</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97" title="洛林">洛林</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a><br />• <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南提洛" data-lang-code="zh" data-lang-name="中文" data-foreign-title="博尔扎诺-上阿迪杰自治省"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%8F%90%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南提洛 (無呢版)">南提洛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">中文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E6%89%8E%E8%AF%BA-%E4%B8%8A%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E6%9D%B0%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%9C%81" class="extiw" title="zh:博尔扎诺-上阿迪杰自治省"><span lang="zh" dir="auto">博尔扎诺-上阿迪杰自治省</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">講嘅人口</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;">9,000萬–1.05億<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />8,000萬<small style="font-size: .857em;">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="第二語言">第二語言</a>）</small><sup id="cite_ref-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />5,000萬<small style="font-size: .857em;">（齋計<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F#成員國" title="歐洲聯盟">歐盟成員國</a>）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E8%A9%B1%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%BD" title="各話人口一覽">排名</a></th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;">16<small style="font-size: .857em;">（標準德文）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">構句法</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;">—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="語系">系屬</a></th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="高地德文">高地德文</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>德文</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">文字</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a><small style="font-size: .857em;">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="德文字母">德文字母</a>）</small><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德文盲文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="German Braille"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德文盲文 (無呢版)">德文盲文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braille" class="extiw" title="en:German Braille"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German Braille</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">官方語言</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="德國"><img alt="德國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國">德國</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利"><img alt="奧地利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利">奧地利</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="比利時"><img alt="比利時" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="比利時">比利時</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/25px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/38px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/50px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="盧森堡"><img alt="盧森堡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/25px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/38px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/50px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="歐盟"><img alt="歐盟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/25px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/38px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a><br /><br /><b>有啲地區係官方語言</b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="巴西"><img alt="巴西" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克"><img alt="捷克" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="匈牙利"><img alt="匈牙利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="納米比亞"><img alt="納米比亞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="納米比亞">納米比亞</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="波蘭"><img alt="波蘭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭">波蘭</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/25px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/38px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/50px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯"><img alt="俄羅斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克"><img alt="斯洛伐克" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;">管理機構</th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;">冇</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><tt>de</tt></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><tt>ger (B)</tt><br /><tt>deu (T)</tt></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 5.5em; padding-left: 0.5em;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td style="padding-left: 0.5em;;"><tt><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/deu" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:deu">deu</a></tt></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding-left: 0.5em;;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/300px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/450px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/600px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border:1px solid black;display:inline-block; height:1.5em; margin:1px; text-align:center; background: #ffcc00;color:black;font-size:small; width:1.5em"> </span> 法定語言兼常用語言</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border:1px solid black;display:inline-block; height:1.5em; margin:1px; text-align:center; background: #d98575;color:black;font-size:small; width:1.5em"> </span> 法定語言但唔係常用語言</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border:1px solid black;display:inline-block; height:1.5em; margin:1px; text-align:center; background: #7373d9;color:black;font-size:small; width:1.5em"> </span> 法定嘅地區性語言</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border:1px solid black;display:inline-block; height:1.5em; margin:1px; text-align:center; background: #30efe3;color:black;font-size:small; width:1.5em"> </span> 唔係法定語言嘅少數民族／族群語言</div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding-left: 0.5em;;"> <table style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td><small style="font-size: .857em;"><b>注意</b>：呢頁包含<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%BC" title="統一碼">Unicode</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">萬國音標</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Infobox Language"><abbr title="去睇呢個模">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox Language (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_Language&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><ruby><rb><b>德文</b></rb><rt><span>dak<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> man<span class="Jpingtone">4*2</span></span></rt></ruby>（<span lang="de" title="德文文字"><b>Deutsch</b></span>）係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a>下嘅一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>，係7660萬人嘅母語<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，主要通用響<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>北部、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="比利時">比利時</a>東部、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>啲埞。另外<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國">美國</a>、南美<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>都有一啲德文居民。 </p><p>喺世界上，德文冇<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>咁通行，但係德文係重要嘅文化語言。據統計，全世界每出十本書，就有一本係德文嘅。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德文呢個詞喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>初期首次出現。詞根源於日耳曼文中嘅人民（thioda，形容詞 thiodisk）一詞，意思係呢個係一種畀老百姓用嘅語言。當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="法蘭克人">法蘭克人</a>嘅高級階層一般用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>，後來用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文">法文</a>。德文當時並唔係一種統一嘅話，而係好多地方方言嘅總稱。 </p><p>中世紀德國境內諸侯割據，加上交通唔方便，各個日耳曼語方言嘅發展差好遠。雖然曾經試圖建立共同語言，但一般都只局限於各個地區，而且只係喺一定階層被採用。比如喺漢薩同盟最興盛嗰陣，北德嘅低地德文喺北海同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>啲沿海地帶成為當地經商嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語言</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁路德">馬丁路德</a>將聖經翻譯成德文，為德文統一起咗極大作用。通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>，路德聖經所用嘅德文方言得到非常廣泛嘅普及，成為後來標準德文嘅基礎。 </p><p>1781年約翰·克里斯托弗·阿德隆出版第一部德文字典。1852年起雅各布·格林同埋威廉·格林兄弟開始編輯最廣泛嘅德文字典。呢部著作一直去到1960年至完工。1880年康拉德·杜登出版德文全正體書寫字典。1901年經過細修改後，呢部字典成為標準德文嘅唯一典範，內容一直到1998年至被重新訂正。1998年嘅修改主要改進咗一啲非常唔規則嘅文法，另外簡化咗一啲規則。此外一啲寫法，喺民間通用但依照過去嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="正寫法">正寫法</a>被認為係錯嘅，就得到唨認可。修改施行後，較古老嘅寫法被當係「已過時，但並唔係錯嘅」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分佈"><span id=".E5.88.86.E4.BD.88"></span>分佈</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 分佈"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knowledge_German_EU_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Knowledge_German_EU_map.png/250px-Knowledge_German_EU_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Knowledge_German_EU_map.png/375px-Knowledge_German_EU_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Knowledge_German_EU_map.png/500px-Knowledge_German_EU_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>德文使用分佈圖。其中黑色部分係以德文為官方語言嘅國家或地區。</figcaption></figure> <p>以德文為唯一官方語言嘅國家有：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a>； </p><p>以德文為官方語言之一嘅國家有：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" title="比利時">比利時</a>（重有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文">法文</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭話">荷蘭話</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>（重有<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利話">意大利話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文">法文</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛文尼亞話">斯洛文尼亞話</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>（重有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡話">盧森堡話</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文">法文</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>（重有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文">法文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利話">意大利話</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬傳語">羅馬傳語</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a>（阿爾薩斯、洛林地區）。 </p><p>喺以下國家，德文係少數族裔語言（以講嘅人數多少排列）：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="哈薩克">哈薩克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="納米比亞">納米比亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="巴拉圭">巴拉圭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" title="克羅地亞">克羅地亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩爾多瓦">摩爾多瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>。 </p><p>德文係世界上最多人學嘅外文之一，喺歐洲不時作為第二外文教學。喺日本，醫學術語係德文，唔係拉丁文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字母表"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E8.A1.A8"></span>字母表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 字母表"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="德文字母">德文字母</a></div> <p>德文字母表係由拉丁字母組成，除拉丁字母嘅26個字母之外德文重有四個字母嘅變體（括號）： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>德文字母撈發音 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>字 </th> <th>發音 </th> <th>字 </th> <th>發音 </th> <th>字 </th> <th>發音 </th> <th>字 </th> <th>發音 </th> <th>字 </th> <th>發音 </th></tr> <tr> <td>A a </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/aː/</span> </td> <td>H h </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/haː/</span> </td> <td>O o </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/oː/</span> </td> <td>U u </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/uː/</span> </td> <td>(Ä ä) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>B b </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/beː/</span> </td> <td>I i </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/iː/</span> </td> <td>P p </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/peː/</span> </td> <td>V v </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/faʊ̯/</span> </td> <td>(Ö ö) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>C c </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/t͡seː/</span> </td> <td>J j </td> <td><i>Jot</i>: <span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/jɔt/</span> <p><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/jeː/</span><sub>(奧)</sub> </p> </td> <td>Q q </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/kuː/</span> <p><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/kveː/</span><sub>(奧，</sub> </p><p><sub>除非涉及數學)</sub> </p> </td> <td>W w </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/veː/</span> </td> <td>(Ü ü) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>D d </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/deː/</span> </td> <td>K k </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/kaː/</span> </td> <td>R r </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɛʁ/</span> </td> <td>X x </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɪks/</span> </td> <td>(ß) </td> <td><i>Eszett</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>E e </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/eː/</span> </td> <td>L l </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɛl/</span> </td> <td>S s </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɛs/</span> </td> <td>Y y </td> <td><i>Ypsilon</i>: <span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ˈʏpsilɔn/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F f </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɛf/</span> </td> <td>M m </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɛm/</span> </td> <td>T t </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/teː/</span> </td> <td>Z z </td> <td><i>Zet</i> 或 <i>Zett</i>: <span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/t͡sɛt/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G g </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɡeː/</span> </td> <td>N n </td> <td><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA">/ɛn/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>其中 Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu 以及三個變體字母 Ää、Öö、Üü 係元音字母。仲有一個字母ß讀作Eszett，呢個字喺傳統入面冇大寫字母但係1990年代德語正寫改革容許擁有呢個字嘅大楷，寫作ẞ，其餘係輔音字母。 </p><p>例如有ä嘅字有 Hämoglobin, Cäsium, Veränderung </p><p>例如有ö嘅字有 Ösophagus, Österreich, Französisch </p><p>例如有ü嘅字有 Molekül, München, Nürnberg </p><p>例如有ß嘅字有 Straßenbahn, Preußen, Elaß </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發音"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E9.9F.B3"></span>發音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 發音"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德文嘅發音並唔統一。以下主要係喺德國用嘅標準德文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重音"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E9.9F.B3"></span>重音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 重音"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德文詞嘅重音一般喺倒數第二個音節上<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%B9%E6%93%9A" title="Wikipedia:根據">[未記出處或冇根據]</a></sup>，但唔係非常規則，尤其表現喺外來詞上。大部分情況下詞幹嘅音節係重音（例如'Spra-che，語言），但有時亦有前綴（首碼）（例如'Aus-spra-che，發音）或後綴（尾碼）（例如Bä-cke-'rei，麵包坊）係重音嘅。假如一個詞係由多個詞合成組成嘅，噉第一個組成部分詞係重音。外來詞嘅重音一般按嗰個詞喺佢原本語言來標重。得到重音嘅音節一般發音會響一啲。假如嗰個音節係長音嘅話，呢個音節往往被故意更加拖長一啲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語調"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E8.AA.BF"></span>語調</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 語調"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德文嘅語句有降調，升調同埋平調。降調一般用在肯定句中。升調一般用喺問句。平調一般用喺主句同埋從句之間。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音（母音）"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3.EF.BC.88.E6.AF.8D.E9.9F.B3.EF.BC.89"></span>元音（母音）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 元音（母音）"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德文有15個元音（母音）：[aː]、[a]、[iː]、[ɪ]、[oː]、[ɒ]、[uː]、[ʊ]、[eː]、[ ɛ]、[øː]、[œ]、[yː]、[ʏ]和[ɛː]，[ɛː]冇短音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文法"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B3.95"></span>文法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 文法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>喺文法學嚟講，德文係「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AA%9E" title="屈折語">屈折語</a>」，即係德文主要靠詞形變化，而唔係好似<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="孤立語">孤立語</a>咁樣，靠<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a>、虛詞嚟表達清楚一個句子嘅含義。德文名詞分為三個性，四個格，有單複數之分。名詞通過佢本身以及修飾、定義佢嘅形容詞、副詞、冠詞嘅變化嚟體現佢喺句子入面嘅位置、功能同埋意義，種現象稱為變格（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">德文</a>：<span lang="de" title="德文文字">Deklination</span>），而德文嘅動詞需要根據人稱同埋時態、語態而變化，稱為動詞變位（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">德文</a>：<span lang="de" title="德文文字">Konjugation</span>）。 </p><p>德國話係一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=V2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V2語言 (無呢版)">V2語言</a>，撈荷蘭話、啲北歐話一樣，動詞擺第二位；而德國話啲次要嘅動詞成分擺孻尾，包括啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="從句">從句</a>裏頭嘅動詞。 </p><p>德文屬於文法較傳統嘅語言，佢保留咗較多嚟自古代靜詞嘅格詞尾變化以及動詞嘅變位。相對<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="荷蘭文">荷蘭文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="瑞典文">瑞典文</a>呢啲日耳曼兄弟語言嚟講，德文文法變化係相當複雜。但同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文">俄文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭話">波蘭話</a>、拉丁文等非同族語言相比，德文嘅屈折變化算係相對簡單。 </p><p>德國話有<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="文法性別">文法性別</a>。例句：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1972763">.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss,.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss tr,.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td{line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .sentence{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td[colspan]{text-align:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td[colspan]+td[colspan]{border-left:1px dotted currentColor}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss td.empty[colspan]{background:unset}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .part-of-speech,.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .gloss{font-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .gloss td:not(.empty):not(.annotation):before{content:"｢";margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.0625em}.mw-parser-output table.sentence-gloss .gloss td:not(.empty):not(.annotation):after{content:"｣";margin-left:-0.125em}</style> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sentence-gloss"> <tbody><tr class="sentence"> <td>Der </td> <td>Stuhl </td> <td>ist </td> <td>neu. </td></tr> <tr class="part-of-speech"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%86%A0%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="指定冠詞">指定冠詞</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a>（陽性） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="動詞">動詞</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E" title="形容詞">形容詞</a> </td></tr> <tr class="gloss"> <td>嗰（張） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="櫈">櫈</a> </td> <td>係 </td> <td>新嘅 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sentence-gloss"> <tbody><tr class="sentence"> <td>Das </td> <td>Bett </td> <td>ist </td> <td>neu. </td></tr> <tr class="part-of-speech"> <td>指定冠詞 </td> <td>名詞（中性） </td> <td>動詞 </td> <td>形容詞 </td></tr> <tr class="gloss"> <td>嗰（張） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="床">床</a> </td> <td>係 </td> <td>新嘅 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>—留意<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%86%A0%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="指定冠詞">指定冠詞</a>（大致等同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a><b>嗰個</b>）喺第一句入便係 <b>der</b> 而喺第二句入便係 <b>das</b>。根據德文嘅文法規則，指定冠詞要响性別上配合返佢掕住嗰個名詞，假如隻名詞<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">係句子嘅主語</a>，陽性名詞要用 der 做指定冠詞而中性名詞就要用 das <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他話對德文嘅影響"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.A9.B1.E5.B0.8D.E5.BE.B7.E6.96.87.E5.98.85.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>其他話對德文嘅影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 其他話對德文嘅影響"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對德文影響最大嘅係拉丁文。作為中世紀嘅學術同埋高階層語言，今時今日德文好多學術概念或表示抽象概念嘅詞依然嚟自於拉丁文或希臘文。呢啲詞家陣一般都已經被德文化。 </p><p>德國位於歐洲中心，係東西南北交通要道，亦係中世紀諸侯爭逐之地。德文之中含有好多源自其他歐洲語言（好似法文、波蘭話、意大利話、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙話">西班牙話</a>、俄文、希伯來話等等）嘅外來詞。好多呢啲外來詞喺拼寫同埋發音上都冇改變之下被吸收。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英文對德文嘅影響"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E6.96.87.E5.B0.8D.E5.BE.B7.E6.96.87.E5.98.85.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>英文對德文嘅影響</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 英文對德文嘅影響"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>後對德文影響最大嘅外文係英文，種現象喊做「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英語化" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德文" data-foreign-title="Anglizismus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英語化 (無呢版)">英語化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglizismus" class="extiw" title="de:Anglizismus"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Anglizismus</span></a></span>）</span></span>」（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">德文</a>：<span lang="de" title="德文文字">Anglizismus</span>）。英文有時被戲稱為「新標準德文」。據Mannheim嘅德文研究所2004年初統計，喺過去10年德文出現咗大概700個新詞，其中40%以上直接嚟自英文或者係英文同德文組成嘅混合詞。英文對德文嘅衝擊來自以下三方面： </p> <ul><li>好多新嘅科技術語直接由英文進入德文詞彙。有啲術語雖然亦有相應嘅德文詞，但英文原詞更被廣泛應用同埋接受（例如 Computer/Rechner，DNA/DNS 等等）。</li> <li>好多跨國公司（甚至德國嘅跨國公司，好似<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%96%80%E5%AD%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="西門子公司">西門子</a>）內部以英文為工作語言。</li> <li>喺德國社會，好多後生覺得德文陳腐，英文比較「Cool」。講英文或者用英文詞彙會顯得一個人時尚、先進。好多廣告完全用英文。一個經理人員做報告嗰時唔用英文詞彙會顯得佢落後、唔夠國際化，因此有可能危及到佢將來嘅發展。</li></ul> <p>雖然德國政府唔似得法國以強制措施維護法文噉樣來維護德文，但德文嘅英文化問題已經被社會意識到。好多有影響力嘅報刊同埋電視文化節目抨擊呢個趨勢，但佢哋本身亦往往擺唔甩同埋漠視呢個趨勢嘅要求。 </p><p>德文入面亦有自創嘅「仿英文（或者叫德制英文）」詞彙。最具代表性嘅係Handy（手機）一詞，英文handy係個形容詞，解做「方便用嘅」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本詞"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E8.A9.9E"></span>基本詞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 基本詞"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ich 我（第一格）</li> <li>du 你（第一格）</li> <li>er/sie/es 佢（陽、陰、中性；第一格）</li> <li>Sie 閣下/諸位（第一格）</li> <li>wir 我哋（第一格）</li> <li>ihr 你哋（第一格）</li> <li>sie 佢哋（第一格）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Marten, Fritz Joachim Sauer (Hrsg.): <i>Länderkunde Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz (mit Liechtenstein) im Querschnitt.</i> Inform-Verlag, Berlin 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/3980584313" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-9805843-1-3</a>, S. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sprachkreis-deutsch.ch_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1{width:unset;font-size:unset}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sprachkreis-deutsch.ch/2012/05/14/die-meistgesprochenen-sprachen-der-welt/">"Die meistgesprochenen Sprachen der Welt"</a>. <i>sprachkreis-deutsch.ch</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2021-11-02</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sprachkreis-deutsch.ch&rft.atitle=Die+meistgesprochenen+Sprachen+der+Welt&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsprachkreis-deutsch.ch%2F2012%2F05%2F14%2Fdie-meistgesprochenen-sprachen-der-welt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200">"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2021-02-26</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=What+are+the+top+200+most+spoken+languages%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fguides%2Fethnologue200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/german-easy-learning/what-is-the-indefinite-article-in-german">What is the indefinite article in German? - Easy Learning Grammar German</a>. <i>Collins</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="權威控制" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="權威控制" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="權威控制">權威控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="extiw" title="en:Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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