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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classes_of_rotorcraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Helicopter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helicopter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Helicopter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helicopter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autogyro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autogyro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Autogyro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autogyro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gyrodyne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gyrodyne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Gyrodyne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gyrodyne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotor_kite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotor_kite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Rotor kite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotor_kite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotor_configuration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotor_configuration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rotor configuration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rotor_configuration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rotor configuration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rotor_configuration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_blades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_blades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Number of blades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_blades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_of_rotors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_rotors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Number of rotors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_rotors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stopped_rotors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stopped_rotors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Stopped rotors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stopped_rotors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotorcraft</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askell-dro" title="Askell-dro – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Askell-dro" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronau_d%27ala_girat%C3%B2ria" title="Aeronau d'ala giratòria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aeronau d'ala giratòria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%95%D1%80%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%C4%95" title="Вĕлтĕрçунатлă вĕçев аппарачĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вĕлтĕрçунатлă вĕçев аппарачĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorfly" title="Rotorfly – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rotorfly" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drehfl%C3%BCgler" title="Drehflügler – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Drehflügler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronave_de_alas_giratorias" title="Aeronave de alas giratorias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aeronave de alas giratorias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hego_birakariko_aireontzi" title="Hego birakariko aireontzi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hego birakariko aireontzi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هواگرد بالگردان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هواگرد بالگردان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9rogire" title="Aérogire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aérogire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotokopter" title="Rotokopter – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rotokopter" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_rotor" title="Pesawat rotor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pesawat rotor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogiro" title="Aerogiro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aerogiro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forg%C3%B3sz%C3%A1rnyas_l%C3%A9gij%C3%A1rm%C5%B1vek" title="Forgószárnyas légijárművek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Forgószárnyas légijárművek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="റോട്ടർക്രാഫ്റ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോട്ടർക്രാഫ്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%A2%E7%BF%BC%E6%A9%9F" title="回転翼機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="回転翼機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronau_d%27alas_girat%C3%B2rias" title="Aeronau d'alas giratòrias – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aeronau d'alas giratòrias" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirop%C5%82at" title="Wiropłat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiropłat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Винтокрылый летательный аппарат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Винтокрылый летательный аппарат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietadlo_s_rotuj%C3%BAcimi_nosn%C3%BDmi_plochami" title="Lietadlo s rotujúcimi nosnými plochami – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lietadlo s rotujúcimi nosnými plochami" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorski_zrakoplov" title="Rotorski zrakoplov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rotorski zrakoplov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ротокоптер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ротокоптер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotokopter" title="Rotokopter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rotokopter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotorplan" title="Rotorplan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rotorplan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kanatl%C4%B1_hava_arac%C4%B1" title="Döner kanatlı hava aracı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Döner kanatlı hava aracı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гвинтокрилий літальний апарат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гвинтокрилий літальний апарат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E7%BF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" title="旋翼航空器 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="旋翼航空器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q949801#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bell_47_%2852253543908%29.jpg/220px-Bell_47_%2852253543908%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bell_47_%2852253543908%29.jpg/330px-Bell_47_%2852253543908%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bell_47_%2852253543908%29.jpg/440px-Bell_47_%2852253543908%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3501" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bell_47" title="Bell 47">Bell 47</a> helicopter, an early example of a powered rotorcraft</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>rotary-wing aircraft</b>, <b>rotorwing aircraft</b> or <b>rotorcraft</b> is a heavier-than-air <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rotor_wing" title="Rotor wing">rotary wings</a> that spin around a vertical mast to generate <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a>. Part 1 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Definitions and Abbreviations) of Subchapter A of Chapter I of Title 14 of the U. S. Code of Federal Regulations states that rotorcraft "means a heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by one or more rotors." The assembly of several rotor blades mounted on a single mast is referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_rotor" title="Helicopter rotor">rotor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO) defines a rotorcraft as "supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more rotors".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rotorcraft generally include aircraft where one or more rotors provide lift throughout the entire flight, such as <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyroplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyroplane">gyroplanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">autogyros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gyrodyne" title="Gyrodyne">gyrodynes</a> Compound rotorcraft augment the rotor with additional thrust engines, propellers, or static lifting surfaces. Some types, such as helicopters, are capable of <a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">vertical takeoff and landing</a>. An aircraft which uses rotor lift for vertical flight but changes to solely fixed-wing lift in horizontal flight is not a rotorcraft but a <a href="/wiki/Convertiplane" title="Convertiplane">convertiplane</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classes_of_rotorcraft">Classes of rotorcraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classes of rotorcraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helicopter">Helicopter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Helicopter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAF_UH-1N-(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PAF_UH-1N-%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-PAF_UH-1N-%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PAF_UH-1N-%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-PAF_UH-1N-%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PAF_UH-1N-%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-PAF_UH-1N-%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="1213" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">Bell UH-1 Iroquois</a> helicopter</figcaption></figure> <p>A helicopter is a powered rotorcraft with rotors driven by the engine(s) throughout the flight, allowing it to take off and land vertically, hover, and fly forward, backward, or laterally. Helicopters have several different configurations of one or more main rotors. </p><p>Helicopters with a single shaft-driven main lift rotor require some sort of antitorque device such as a <a href="/wiki/Tail_rotor" title="Tail rotor">tail rotor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenestron" title="Fenestron">fantail</a>, or <a href="/wiki/NOTAR" title="NOTAR">NOTAR</a>, except some rare examples of helicopters using <a href="/wiki/Tip_jet" title="Tip jet">tip jet</a> propulsion, which generates almost no torque. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autogyro">Autogyro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Autogyro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">Autogyro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_(31016835998).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_%2831016835998%29.jpg/220px-Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_%2831016835998%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_%2831016835998%29.jpg/330px-Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_%2831016835998%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_%2831016835998%29.jpg/440px-Magni_Gyro_M-16C_Tandem_Trainer_G-CKZZ_%2831016835998%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Magni_M-16_Tandem_Trainer" title="Magni M-16 Tandem Trainer">Magni M-16 Tandem Trainer</a> autogyro</figcaption></figure> <p>An autogyro (sometimes called gyrocopter, gyroplane, or rotaplane) uses an unpowered rotor, driven by aerodynamic forces in a state of <a href="/wiki/Autorotation_(helicopter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autorotation (helicopter)">autorotation</a> to develop lift, and an engine-powered <a href="/wiki/Propeller_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller (aircraft)">propeller</a>, similar to that of a <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing aircraft</a>, to provide thrust. While similar to a helicopter rotor in appearance, the autogyro's rotor must have air flowing up and through the rotor disk in order to generate rotation. Early autogyros resembled the fixed-wing aircraft of the day, with wings and a front-mounted engine and propeller in a tractor configuration to pull the aircraft through the air. Late-model autogyros feature a rear-mounted engine and propeller in a pusher configuration. </p><p>The autogyro was invented in 1920 by <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cierva" title="Juan de la Cierva">Juan de la Cierva</a>. The autogyro with pusher propeller was first tested by <a href="/wiki/Etienne_Dormoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne Dormoy">Etienne Dormoy</a> with his <a href="/wiki/Buhl_A-1_Autogyro" class="mw-redirect" title="Buhl A-1 Autogyro">Buhl A-1 Autogyro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gyrodyne">Gyrodyne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gyrodyne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gyrodyne" title="Gyrodyne">Gyrodyne</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg/220px-SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg/330px-SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg/440px-SFF_002-1055526_Fairey_Rotodyne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Rotodyne" title="Fairey Rotodyne">Fairey Rotodyne</a> prototype gyrodyne<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The rotor of a gyrodyne is normally driven by its engine for takeoff and landing – hovering like a helicopter – with anti-torque and propulsion for forward flight provided by one or more propellers mounted on short or stub wings. As power is increased to the propeller, less power is required by the rotor to provide forward thrust resulting in reduced pitch angles and rotor blade flapping. At cruise speeds with most or all of the thrust being provided by the propellers, the rotor receives power only sufficient to overcome the profile drag and maintain lift. The effect is a rotorcraft operating in a more efficient manner than the freewheeling rotor of an autogyro in autorotation, minimizing the adverse effects of retreating blade stall of helicopters at higher airspeeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotor_kite">Rotor kite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rotor kite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rotor_kite" title="Rotor kite">Rotor kite</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_(51220192957).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_%2851220192957%29.jpg/220px-Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_%2851220192957%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_%2851220192957%29.jpg/330px-Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_%2851220192957%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_%2851220192957%29.jpg/440px-Bensen_B-6_Gyroglider_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_%2851220192957%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5371" data-file-height="3581" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bensen_B-6" title="Bensen B-6">Bensen B-6</a> rotor kite</figcaption></figure> <p>A rotor kite or gyroglider is an unpowered rotary-wing aircraft. Like an autogyro or helicopter, it relies on lift created by one or more sets of rotors in order to fly. Unlike a helicopter, autogyros and rotor kites do not have an engine powering their rotors, but while an autogyro has an engine providing forward thrust that keeps the rotor turning, a rotor kite has no engine at all, and relies on either being carried aloft and dropped from another aircraft, or by being towed into the air behind a car or boat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotor_configuration">Rotor configuration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rotor configuration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_blades">Number of blades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Number of blades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A rotary wing is characterised by the number of <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blades</a>. Typically this is between two and six per driveshaft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_rotors">Number of rotors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Number of rotors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A rotorcraft may have one or more rotors. Various rotor configurations have been used: </p> <ul><li>One rotor. Powered rotors require compensation for the torque reaction causing yaw, except in the case of <a href="/wiki/Tipjet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipjet">tipjet</a> drive. One rotor rotorcraft are typically called <a href="/wiki/Monocopter" title="Monocopter">monocopters</a>.</li> <li>Two rotors. These typically rotate in opposite directions cancelling the torque reaction so that no tail rotor or other yaw stabiliser is needed. These rotors can be laid out as <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_rotors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandem rotors">Tandem</a> – One in front of the other.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_rotors" class="mw-redirect" title="Transverse rotors">Transverse</a> – Side by side.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_rotors" class="mw-redirect" title="Coaxial rotors">Coaxial</a> – One rotor disc above the other, with concentric drive shafts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermeshing_rotors" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermeshing rotors">Intermeshing</a> – Twin rotors at an acute angle from each other, whose nearly-vertical driveshafts are geared together to synchronise their rotor blades so that they intermesh, also called a <b>synchropter</b>.</li></ul></li> <li>Three rotors. An uncommon configuration; the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Cierva_Air_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Cierva Air Horse">Cierva Air Horse</a> had three rotors as it was not believed a single rotor of sufficient strength could be built for its size. All three rotors turned in the same direction and yaw compensation was provided by inclining each rotor axis to generate rotor thrust components that opposed torque.</li> <li>Four rotors. Also referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Quadcopter" title="Quadcopter">quadcopter</a> or quadrotor. Usually two rotors turn clockwise and two counter-clockwise.</li> <li>More than four rotors. Referred to generally as <a href="/wiki/Multirotor" title="Multirotor">multirotors</a>, or sometimes individually as hexacopters and octocopter, these configurations typically have matched sets of rotors turning in opposite directions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Previously cited sources were unreliable (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They are uncommon in full-size manned aircraft but are popular for <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> (UAVs).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stopped_rotors">Stopped rotors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stopped rotors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some rotary wing aircraft are designed to stop the rotor for forward flight so that it then acts as a fixed wing. For <a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">vertical flight</a> and hovering it spins to act as a rotary wing or rotor, and for forward flight at speed it stops to act as a <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed wing</a> providing some or all of the lift required. Additional fixed wings may also be provided to help with stability and control and to provide auxiliary lift. </p><p>An early American proposal was the conversion of the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">Lockheed F-104 Starfighter</a> with a triangular rotor wing. The idea was later revisited by Hughes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-72" title="Sikorsky S-72">Sikorsky S-72</a> research aircraft underwent extensive flight testing. </p><p>In 1986 the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-72" title="Sikorsky S-72">Sikorsky S-72</a> Rotor Systems Research Aircraft (RSRA) was fitted with a four-bladed stopped rotor, known as the X-wing. The programme was cancelled two years later, before the rotor had flown. </p><p>The later canard rotor/wing (CRW) concept added a <a href="/wiki/Canard_(aeronautics)" title="Canard (aeronautics)">"canard" foreplane</a> as well as a conventional tailplane, offloading the rotor wing and providing control during forward flight. For vertical and low-speed flight, the main airfoil is tip-driven as a <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter's</a> rotor by exhaust from a <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engine</a>, and there is no need for a <a href="/wiki/Tail_rotor" title="Tail rotor">tail rotor</a>. In high-speed flight the airfoil is stopped in a spanwise position, as the main wing of a <a href="/wiki/Three-surface_aircraft" title="Three-surface aircraft">three-surface aircraft</a>, and the engine exhausts through an ordinary jet nozzle. Two <a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-50_Dragonfly" title="Boeing X-50 Dragonfly">Boeing X-50 Dragonfly</a> prototypes with a two-bladed rotor were flown from 2003 but the program ended after both had crashed, having failed to transition successfully.<sup id="cite_ref-rw1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rw1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 the US <a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL) published a vertical-to-horizontal flight transition method and associated technology, patented December 6, 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which they call the Stop-Rotor Rotary Wing Aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian company StopRotor Technology Pty Ltd has developed a prototype Hybrid RotorWing (HRW) craft.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gizmag_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design uses <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">high alpha</a> airflow to provide a symmetrical airflow across all the rotor blades, requiring it to drop almost vertically during transition.<sup id="cite_ref-gizmag_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflight transition from fixed to rotary mode was demonstrated in August 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another approach proposes a <a href="/wiki/Tail-sitter" title="Tail-sitter">tailsitter</a> configuration in which the lifting surfaces act as a rotors during takeoff, the craft tilts over for horizontal flight and the rotor stops to act as a fixed wing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convertiplane" title="Convertiplane">Convertiplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powered_lift" title="Powered lift">Powered lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotor_wing" title="Rotor wing">Rotor wing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-1">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"ICAO Annex 7." Retrieved on 30 September 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Photo: J Thinesen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sff.n.se/">SFF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828113804/http://www.sff.n.se/">Archived</a> 2009-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> photo archive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://up-ship.com/blog/?p=7496">"Hughes Rotor Wing Brochure"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180227153706/http://up-ship.com/blog/?p=7496">Archived</a> 2018-02-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Unwanted Blog (retrieved 15 May 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rw1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rw1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKenna, James T. "One Step Beyond", <i>Rotor & Wing</i>, February, 2007, page 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215030836/https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=08070090">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"USPTO 8,070,090"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=08070090">the original</a> on 2021-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22USPTO+8%2C070%2C090%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FPageNum%3D0%26docid%3D08070090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARotorcraft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrl.navy.mil/techtransfer/available-technologies/electronics/stop-rotor-rotary-wing-aircraft">"Stop-Rotor Rotary Wing Aircraft"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001420/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/techtransfer/available-technologies/electronics/stop-rotor-rotary-wing-aircraft">Archived</a> 2018-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Technology Transfer Office, US Naval Research Laboratory. (retrieved 16 May 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suasnews.com/2013/05/22739/stoprotor-hybrid-rotorwing-vtol/">"Stoprotor, Hybrid Rotorwing VTOL"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924111424/http://www.suasnews.com/2013/05/22739/stoprotor-hybrid-rotorwing-vtol/">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. sUAS News</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gizmag-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gizmag_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gizmag_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizmag.com/hybrid-rotorwing-stop-rotor/27092/">"Hybrid RotorWing design transitions from fixed to rotary wing mid-flight"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716013715/http://www.gizmag.com/hybrid-rotorwing-stop-rotor/27092/">Archived</a> 2016-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> gizmag.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rotor & Wing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/products/airframes/Hybrid-RotorWing-Conducts-In-flight-FixedRotary-Transition_80056.html#.UicXQn_9Uw8">"Hybrid RotorWing Conducts In-flight Fixed/Rotary Transition"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813095625/http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/products/airframes/Hybrid-RotorWing-Conducts-In-flight-FixedRotary-Transition_80056.html#.UicXQn_9Uw8">Archived</a> 2016-08-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Rotor & Wing</i>, 30 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.dodlive.mil/2013/02/15/top-tech-the-flying-transformer/">"Top Tech – The Flying Transformer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114184114/http://science.dodlive.mil/2013/02/15/top-tech-the-flying-transformer/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Tech+%E2%80%93+The+Flying+Transformer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.dodlive.mil%2F2013%2F02%2F15%2Ftop-tech-the-flying-transformer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARotorcraft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianaviation.com.au/2013/08/stoprotor-completes-successful-first-transition-flight/">StopRotor completes successful first transition flight</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030408/http://australianaviation.com.au/2013/08/stoprotor-completes-successful-first-transition-flight/">Archived</a> 2014-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Australian Aviation</i>, 28 August 2013. Accessed: 7 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNASAPAV2009" class="citation cs2">NASAPAV (2009-12-21), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK47qSTLI70"><i>NASA Tanzenflugel VTOL UAV Concept</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161214020530/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK47qSTLI70">archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NASA+Tanzenflugel+VTOL+UAV+Concept&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.au=NASAPAV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhK47qSTLI70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARotorcraft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotorcraft&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYvCuY3269s">StopRotor video</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vtol.org">American Helicopter Society</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Warwick2017" class="citation news cs1">Graham Warwick (Dec 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017204744/http://aviationweek.com/vertical-flight/brief-history-rotorcraft-development">"A Brief History of Rotorcraft Development"</a>. <i>Aviation Week & Space Technology</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviationweek.com/vertical-flight/brief-history-rotorcraft-development">the original</a> on October 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Helicopters_and_other_rotorcraft459" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Helicopters_and_rotorcraft" title="Template:Helicopters and rotorcraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Helicopters_and_rotorcraft" title="Template talk:Helicopters and rotorcraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Helicopters_and_rotorcraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Helicopters and rotorcraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Helicopters_and_other_rotorcraft459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Helicopters and other rotorcraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_helicopter" title="Amphibious helicopter">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autorotation" title="Autorotation">Autorotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backpack_helicopter" title="Backpack helicopter">Backpack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_loading" title="Disk loading">Disk loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_dynamics" title="Helicopter dynamics">Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_flight_controls" title="Helicopter flight controls">Flight controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_heliports" title="List of countries by number of heliports">Number of helicopters and heliports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_manufacturer" title="Helicopter manufacturer">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_rotor" title="Helicopter rotor">Rotor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotor_solidity" title="Rotor solidity">Rotor solidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_strike_protection_system" title="Wire strike protection system">Wire strike protection system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_helicopters" title="List of accidents and incidents involving helicopters">Accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Russian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Russian military aircraft">Active Russian military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_helicopter_airlines" title="List of helicopter airlines">Airlines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_small_airlines_and_helicopter_airlines_of_Russia" title="List of small airlines and helicopter airlines of Russia">Russian helicopter airlines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_helicopters" title="List of NATO reporting names for helicopters">NATO reporting names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_helicopter_prison_escapes" title="List of helicopter prison escapes">Prison escapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ultralight_helicopters" title="List of ultralight helicopters">Ultralights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_helicopter_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force helicopter squadrons">U.S. Air Force squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_helicopters" title="List of United States military helicopters">U.S. military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Agusta A109K2 rescue helicopter"><img alt="An Agusta A109K2 rescue helicopter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg/146px-Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg/219px-Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg/292px-Pilatus_Agusta_A109_Flug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3322" data-file-height="2215" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">rotorcraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Articles13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">Autogyro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CarterCopter" title="CarterCopter">CarterCopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cierva" title="Juan de la Cierva">Juan de la Cierva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyworks_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyworks Global">Skyworks Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasecki_Aircraft" title="Piasecki Aircraft">Piasecki Aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Rotodyne" title="Fairey Rotodyne">Fairey Rotodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrodyne" title="Gyrodyne">Gyrodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocopter" title="Monocopter">Monocopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotor_kite" title="Rotor kite">Rotor kite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rotorcraft" title="List of rotorcraft">Rotorcraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rotorcraft_manufacturers_by_country" title="List of rotorcraft manufacturers by country">Manufacturers by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-produced_rotorcraft" title="List of most-produced rotorcraft">Most-produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rotorcraft_used_in_World_War_II" title="List of rotorcraft used in World War II">Used in World War II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_rotor#Limitations_and_hazards" title="Helicopter rotor">Mast bumping and other hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rollover" title="Dynamic rollover">Dynamic rollover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_resonance" title="Ground resonance">Ground resonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_tail-rotor_effectiveness" title="Loss of tail-rotor effectiveness">Loss of tail-rotor effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-g_condition" title="Low-g condition">Low-g condition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retreating_blade_stall" title="Retreating blade stall">Retreating blade stall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_stall_on_helicopter_rotors" title="Dynamic stall on helicopter rotors">Dynamic stall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_ring_state" title="Vortex ring state">Vortex ring state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servo_transparency" title="Servo transparency">Servo transparency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailstrike#Helicopters" title="Tailstrike">Tailstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo-copter" title="Bamboo-copter">Bamboo-copter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclogyro" title="Cyclogyro">Cyclogyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_height%E2%80%93velocity_diagram" title="Helicopter height–velocity diagram">Helicopter height–velocity diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helitack" title="Helitack">Helitack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_helicopter" title="Human-powered helicopter">Human-powered helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> Mars helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Retrieval_Helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Sample Retrieval Helicopter">Mars Sample Retrieval Helicopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_nut" title="Jesus nut">Jesus nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft" title="List of aircraft">List of aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-controlled_helicopter" title="Radio-controlled helicopter">Radio-controlled helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_flow_effect" title="Transverse flow effect">Transverse flow effect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rotorcraft" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rotorcraft">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Aircraft/Rotorcraft_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/Rotorcraft task force">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_aircraft_by_methods_of_thrust_and_lift72" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aircraft_types_(by_method_of_thrust_and_lift)" title="Template:Aircraft types (by method of thrust and lift)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aircraft_types_(by_method_of_thrust_and_lift)" title="Template talk:Aircraft types (by method of thrust and lift)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aircraft_types_(by_method_of_thrust_and_lift)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aircraft types (by method of thrust and lift)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_aircraft_by_methods_of_thrust_and_lift72" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> by methods of <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background-color: #efefef;">  </th> <th style="background-color: #e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Aerostat" title="Aerostat">Aerostat</a> </th> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: #e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft#Heavier_than_air_–_aerodynes" title="Aircraft">Aerodyne</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #e6e6ff">Lift: Lighter than air gas</th> <th style="background-color: #e6e6ff">Lift: Fixed wing</th> <th style="background-color: #e6e6ff">Lift: Unpowered rotor</th> <th style="background-color: #e6e6ff">Lift: Powered rotor </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; background-color: #e6e6ff">Unpowered free flight </th> <td>(Free) <a href="/wiki/Balloon_(aeronautics)" title="Balloon (aeronautics)">balloon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glider_(aircraft)" title="Glider (aircraft)">Glider</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a>, etc. in <a href="/wiki/Autorotation" title="Autorotation">autorotation</a></td> <td>(None – see note 2) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; background-color: #e6e6ff">Tethered (static or towed) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tethered_balloon" title="Tethered balloon">Tethered balloon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">Kite</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rotor_kite" title="Rotor kite">Rotor kite</a></td> <td>(None – see note 2) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; background-color: #e6e6ff">Powered </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">Airship</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">Airplane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">ornithopter</a>, etc.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">Autogyro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gyrodyne" title="Gyrodyne">Gyrodyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Note 1: <span class="wrap">A <a href="/wiki/Tiltwing" title="Tiltwing">tiltwing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tiltrotor" title="Tiltrotor">tiltrotor</a> aircraft functions as an aeroplane during normal (horizontal) flight and as a helicopter during low-speed flight.</span></li></ul> <ul><li>Note 2: <span class="wrap">For full-size aircraft with powered rotors the rotor is normally tilted to achieve thrust (e.g. in a helicopter). Some toys (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Balloon_helicopter" title="Balloon helicopter">balloon helicopter</a>) do have a powered rotor with no means to tilt the rotor to produce horizontal thrust.</span></li></ul> <ul><li>Note 3: <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Ground-effect_vehicle" title="Ground-effect vehicle">Ground-effect vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a> are not included in the table, nor are <a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">experimental aircraft</a> with novel thrust / lift solutions (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Coleopter" title="Coleopter">coleopter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Thrust_Measuring_Rig" title="Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig">Flying Bedstead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar" title="Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar">Avrocar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flettner_airplane" title="Flettner airplane">flettner airplane</a>) or balloon-wing hybrids (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Kytoon" title="Kytoon">kytoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_airship" title="Hybrid airship">hybrid airship</a>).</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox390" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949801#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4012928-7">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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