Where Did They Come From, Where Did They Go: Grazing Fireballs

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head> <title>Where Did They Come From, Where Did They Go: Grazing Fireballs - ADS</title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//styles/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//styles/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="//styles/favicon/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//styles/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="ADS" /> <meta name="application-name" content="ADS" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NT2453N');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/css/styles.css"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="canonical" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AJ....159..191S/abstract"/> <meta name="description" content="For centuries extremely long grazing fireball displays have fascinated observers and inspired people to ponder about their origins. The Desert Fireball Network is the largest single fireball network in the world, covering about one third of Australian skies. This expansive size has enabled us to capture a majority of the atmospheric trajectory of a spectacular grazing event that lasted over 90 s, penetrated as deep as ∼58.5 km, and traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere before exiting back into interplanetary space. Based on our triangulation and dynamic analyses of the event, we have estimated the initial mass to be at least 60 kg, which would correspond to a 30 cm object given a chondritic density ( $3500\,\mathrm{kg}\,{{\rm{m}}}^{-3} ). However, this initial mass estimate is likely a lower bound, considering the minimal deceleration observed in the luminous phase. The most intriguing quality of this close encounter is that the meteoroid originated from an Apollo-type orbit and was inserted into a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) orbit due to the net energy gained during the close encounter with Earth. Based on numerical simulations, the meteoroid will likely spend ∼200 kyr on a JFC orbit and have numerous encounters with Jupiter, the first of which will occur in 2025 January-March. Eventually the meteoroid will likely be ejected from the solar system or be flung into a trans-Neptunian orbit.">  <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="Where Did They Come From, Where Did They Go: Grazing Fireballs"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ADS"> <meta property="og:description" content="For centuries extremely long grazing fireball displays have fascinated observers and inspired people to ponder about their origins. The Desert Fireball Network is the largest single fireball network in the world, covering about one third of Australian skies. This expansive size has enabled us to capture a majority of the atmospheric trajectory of a spectacular grazing event that lasted over 90 s, penetrated as deep as ∼58.5 km, and traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere before exiting back into interplanetary space. Based on our triangulation and dynamic analyses of the event, we have estimated the initial mass to be at least 60 kg, which would correspond to a 30 cm object given a chondritic density ( $3500\,\mathrm{kg}\,{{\rm{m}}}^{-3} ). However, this initial mass estimate is likely a lower bound, considering the minimal deceleration observed in the luminous phase. The most intriguing quality of this close encounter is that the meteoroid originated from an Apollo-type orbit and was inserted into a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) orbit due to the net energy gained during the close encounter with Earth. Based on numerical simulations, the meteoroid will likely spend ∼200 kyr on a JFC orbit and have numerous encounters with Jupiter, the first of which will occur in 2025 January-March. Eventually the meteoroid will likely be ejected from the solar system or be flung into a trans-Neptunian orbit."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AJ....159..191S/abstract"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/styles/img/transparent_logo.svg"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="05/2020"> <meta property="article:author" content="Shober, Patrick M."> <meta property="article:author" content="Jansen-Sturgeon, Trent"> <meta property="article:author" content="Sansom, Eleanor K."> <meta property="article:author" content="Devillepoix, Hadrien A. 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R."> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Towner, Martin C."> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Bland, Phil A."> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Cupák, Martin"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Howie, Robert M."> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Hartig, Benjamin A. D.">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="For centuries extremely long grazing fireball displays have fascinated observers and inspired people to ponder about their origins. The Desert Fireball Network is the largest single fireball network in the world, covering about one third of Australian skies. This expansive size has enabled us to capture a majority of the atmospheric trajectory of a spectacular grazing event that lasted over 90 s, penetrated as deep as ∼58.5 km, and traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere before exiting back into interplanetary space. Based on our triangulation and dynamic analyses of the event, we have estimated the initial mass to be at least 60 kg, which would correspond to a 30 cm object given a chondritic density ( $3500\,\mathrm{kg}\,{{\rm{m}}}^{-3} ). However, this initial mass estimate is likely a lower bound, considering the minimal deceleration observed in the luminous phase. The most intriguing quality of this close encounter is that the meteoroid originated from an Apollo-type orbit and was inserted into a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) orbit due to the net energy gained during the close encounter with Earth. Based on numerical simulations, the meteoroid will likely spend ∼200 kyr on a JFC orbit and have numerous encounters with Jupiter, the first of which will occur in 2025 January-March. 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<li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Jansen-Sturgeon%2C+Trent%22">Jansen-Sturgeon, Trent</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Sansom%2C+Eleanor+K.%22">Sansom, Eleanor K.</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Devillepoix%2C+Hadrien+A.+R.%22">Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R.</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Towner%2C+Martin+C.%22">Towner, Martin C.</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Bland%2C+Phil+A.%22">Bland, Phil A.</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Cup%C3%A1k%2C+Martin%22">Cupák, Martin</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Howie%2C+Robert+M.%22">Howie, Robert M.</a> </li>; <li class="author"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%22Hartig%2C+Benjamin+A.+D.%22">Hartig, Benjamin A. D.</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="s-abstract-text"> <h4 class="sr-only">Abstract</h4> <p> For centuries extremely long grazing fireball displays have fascinated observers and inspired people to ponder about their origins. The Desert Fireball Network is the largest single fireball network in the world, covering about one third of Australian skies. This expansive size has enabled us to capture a majority of the atmospheric trajectory of a spectacular grazing event that lasted over 90 s, penetrated as deep as ∼58.5 km, and traveled over 1300 km through the atmosphere before exiting back into interplanetary space. Based on our triangulation and dynamic analyses of the event, we have estimated the initial mass to be at least 60 kg, which would correspond to a 30 cm object given a chondritic density ( $3500\,\mathrm{kg}\,{{\rm{m}}}^{-3} ). However, this initial mass estimate is likely a lower bound, considering the minimal deceleration observed in the luminous phase. The most intriguing quality of this close encounter is that the meteoroid originated from an Apollo-type orbit and was inserted into a Jupiter-family comet (JFC) orbit due to the net energy gained during the close encounter with Earth. Based on numerical simulations, the meteoroid will likely spend ∼200 kyr on a JFC orbit and have numerous encounters with Jupiter, the first of which will occur in 2025 January-March. Eventually the meteoroid will likely be ejected from the solar system or be flung into a trans-Neptunian orbit. </p> </div> <br> <dl class="s-abstract-dl-horizontal"> <dt>Publication:</dt> <dd> <div id="article-publication">The Astronomical Journal</div> </dd> <dt>Pub Date:</dt> <dd>May 2020</dd> <dt>DOI:</dt> <dd> <p class="doi-p"> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab8002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3847/1538-3881/ab8002</a> <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i> </p> <p class="doi-p"> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/doi:10.48550/arXiv.1912.01895" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.48550/arXiv.1912.01895</a> <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i> </p> </dd> <dt>arXiv:</dt> <dd> <span> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/arXiv:1912.01895" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">arXiv:1912.01895</a> <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i> </span> </dd> <dt>Bibcode:</dt> <dd> <a href="/abs/2020AJ....159..191S/abstract"> 2020AJ....159..191S </a> <i class="icon-help" title="The bibcode is assigned by the ADS as a unique identifier for the paper."></i> </dd> <dt>Keywords:</dt> <dd> <ul class="list-inline"> <li>Meteoroids;</li> <li>Meteors;</li> <li>Solar system;</li> <li>Near-Earth objects;</li> <li>Short period comets;</li> <li>Close encounters;</li> <li>Fireballs;</li> <li>1040;</li> <li>1041;</li> <li>1528;</li> <li>1092;</li> <li>1452;</li> <li>255;</li> <li>538;</li> <li>Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics</li> </ul> </dd> <dt>E-Print:</dt> <dd> Accepted for publication in AJ </dd> </dl> </article> </div> <div data-widget="ShowCitations"></div> <div data-widget="ShowReferences"></div> <div data-widget="ShowCoreads"></div> <div data-widget="ShowSimilar"></div> <div data-widget="ShowTableofcontents"></div> <div data-widget="ShowGraphics"></div> <div data-widget="ShowExportcitation" data-origin="abstract"></div> <div data-widget="ShowMetrics" data-allow-redirect="false"></div> <div data-widget="MetaTagsWidget"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="s-right-col-container col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-2 s-right-column" id="right-col-container" > <div data-widget="ShowResources"> <div data-reactroot="" class="s-right-col-widget-container" style="padding: 10px" > <div> <div class="resources__container"> <div class="resources__full__list"> <div class="resources__header__row"> <i class="fa fa-file-text-o" aria-hidden="true"> </i> <div class="resources__header__title">full text sources</div> </div> <div class="resources__content"> <div class="resources__content__title"> IOP </div> <div class="resources__content__links"> <span> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/PUB_PDF" rel="noopener" class="resources__content__link unlock" > <i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" aria-hidden="true"> </i> </a> <div class="resources__content__link__separator">|</div> </span> <span> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/PUB_HTML" rel="noopener" class="resources__content__link unlock" > <i class="fa fa-file-text" aria-hidden="true"> </i> </a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="resources__content"> <div class="resources__content__title">Preprint</div> <div class="resources__content__links"> <span> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/EPRINT_PDF" rel="noopener" class="resources__content__link unlock" > <i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" aria-hidden="true"> </i> </a> <div class="resources__content__link__separator">|</div> </span> <span> <a href="/link_gateway/2020AJ....159..191S/EPRINT_HTML" rel="noopener" class="resources__content__link unlock" > <i class="fa fa-file-text" aria-hidden="true"> </i> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-widget="ShowAssociated"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-widget="ShowGraphicsSidebar"> <div class="s-graphics-sidebar graphics-sidebar"> <div class="s-right-col-widget-container"> <div class="graphics-container s-graphics-container"> <h4 class="s-right-col-widget-title">Graphics</h4> <div class="grid-cell"> <a href="/abs/2020AJ....159..191S/graphics" > <img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/aasie/images/1538-3881/159/5/191/ajab8002f1_tb.jpg" alt="figure from paper" class="grid-cell__image" /> <p><i>Click to view more</i></p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-container"> <div data-widget="FooterWidget"> <div class="footer s-footer"> <footer> <div class="__footer_wrapper"> <div class="__footer_brand"> © The SAO Astrophysics Data System <div class="__footer_brand_extra"> <p> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> adshelp[at]cfa.harvard.edu </p> <p> The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement <em>80NSSC21M0056</em> </p> </div> <div class="__footer_brand_logos"> <div class="logo1"> <a href="http://www.si.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <img id="smithsonian-logo" src="/styles/img/smithsonian-logo.svg" alt="Smithsonian logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="logo2"> <a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <img src="/styles/img/cfa.png" alt="Harvard Center for Astrophysics logo" id="cfa-logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="logo3"> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> <img src="/styles/img/nasa-partner.svg" alt="NASA logo" id="nasa-logo" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="__footer_brand_disclaimer"> *The material contained in this document is based upon work supported by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant or cooperative agreement. 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