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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PDS–WASG_alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PDS–WASG_alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>PDS–WASG alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PDS–WASG_alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Party foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2009 federal election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2013 federal election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2017 federal election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>2021 federal election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–present:_infighting_and_party_split" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–present:_infighting_and_party_split"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>2022–present: infighting and party split</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–present:_infighting_and_party_split-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology and platform</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_platform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and platform subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Economic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Leadership history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>State branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Internal factions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_and_electorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_and_electorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Membership and electorate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership_and_electorate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership and electorate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership_and_electorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observation_by_Constitutional_Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observation_by_Constitutional_Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Observation by Constitutional Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observation_by_Constitutional_Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extremism_and_populism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extremism_and_populism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Extremism and populism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extremism_and_populism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_with_the_SED" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_the_SED"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Association with the SED</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_the_SED-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_Parliament_(Bundestag)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Parliament_(Bundestag)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Federal Parliament (<i>Bundestag</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Parliament_(Bundestag)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Parliaments_(Länder)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Parliaments_(Länder)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>State Parliaments (<i>Länder</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Parliaments_(Länder)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_results_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_results_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>State results timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_results_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Results timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">The Left (Germany)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="حزب اليسار (ألمانيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب اليسار (ألمانيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96)" title="Левыя (партыя Германіі) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Левыя (партыя Германіі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F,_%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Левая (партыя, Нямеччына) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Левая (партыя, Нямеччына)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Левицата (Германия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Левицата (Германия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Linke" title="De Linke – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="De Linke" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Esquerra_(Alemanya)" title="L'Esquerra (Alemanya) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="L'Esquerra (Alemanya)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasakpartei_(Saksamaa)" title="Vasakpartei (Saksamaa) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vasakpartei (Saksamaa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC_(%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Η Αριστερά (Γερμανία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Η Αριστερά (Γερμανία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Izquierda_(Alemania)" title="La Izquierda (Alemania) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La Izquierda (Alemania)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldekstra_Partio_(Germanio)" title="Maldekstra Partio (Germanio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maldekstra Partio (Germanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%BE_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="چپ (آلمان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چپ (آلمان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%ED%8C%8C%EB%8B%B9_(%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC)" title="좌파당 (독일) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="좌파당 (독일)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%9Bwica" title="Lěwica – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Lěwica" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstriflokkurinn_(%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland)" title="Vinstriflokkurinn (Þýskaland) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vinstriflokkurinn (Þýskaland)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94" title="די לינקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="די לינקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partiya_%C3%87epgir_(Almanya)" title="Partiya Çepgir (Almanya) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Partiya Çepgir (Almanya)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinistra_(factio_politica_Germaniae)" title="Sinistra (factio politica Germaniae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sinistra (factio politica Germaniae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokietijos_Kairi%C5%B3j%C5%B3_partija" title="Vokietijos Kairiųjų partija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokietijos Kairiųjų partija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloldali_P%C3%A1rt_(N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Baloldali Párt (Németország) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baloldali Párt (Németország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="الحزب اليسارى الالمانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب اليسارى الالمانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%BE_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8" title="آلمان چپ حزب – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمان چپ حزب" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Kiri_(Jerman)" title="Parti Kiri (Jerman) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Kiri (Jerman)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E5%85%9A_(%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84)" title="左翼党 (ドイツ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="左翼党 (ドイツ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Linke" title="De Linke – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="De Linke" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Esquerda" title="A Esquerda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A Esquerda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Левая (партия, Германия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Левая (партия, Германия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="The Left (Germany)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkspaat%C3%A4i" title="Linkspaatäi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Linkspaatäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Left (Germany)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDavica_(nemeck%C3%A1_politick%C3%A1_strana)" title="Ľavica (nemecká politická strana) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľavica (nemecká politická strana)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Левица (Немачка) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Левица (Немачка)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasemmisto_(saksalainen_puolue)" title="Vasemmisto (saksalainen puolue) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vasemmisto (saksalainen puolue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Parti_(Almanya)" title="Sol Parti (Almanya) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sol Parti (Almanya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96_(%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Ліві (Німеччина) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліві (Німеччина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Linke" title="Die Linke – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Die Linke" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E5%85%9A%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="左翼党（德国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="左翼党（德国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hep%C4%B1ci_(Almanya)" title="Çhepıci (Almanya) – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çhepıci (Almanya)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E5%85%9A_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="左翼党 (德国) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="左翼党 (德国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49764#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #BE3075; border-bottom:2px solid #BE3075; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">The Left</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="de">Die Linke</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Die_Linke_(2023).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Logo_Die_Linke_%282023%29.svg/175px-Logo_Die_Linke_%282023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Logo_Die_Linke_%282023%29.svg/263px-Logo_Die_Linke_%282023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Logo_Die_Linke_%282023%29.svg/350px-Logo_Die_Linke_%282023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chairpersons</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ines_Schwerdtner" title="Ines Schwerdtner">Ines Schwerdtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aken_(politician)" title="Jan van Aken (politician)">Jan van Aken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy Chairpersons</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ates_G%C3%BCrpinar" title="Ates Gürpinar">Ates Gürpinar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luise_Neuhaus-Wartenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luise Neuhaus-Wartenberg (page does not exist)">Luise Neuhaus-Wartenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Neuhaus-Wartenberg" class="extiw" title="de:Luise Neuhaus-Wartenberg">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabine_Ritter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabine Ritter (page does not exist)">Sabine Ritter</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabine_Ritter" class="extiw" title="de:Sabine Ritter">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_Schirmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilian Schirmer (page does not exist)">Maximilian Schirmer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Schirmer" class="extiw" title="de:Maximilian Schirmer">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Janis Ehling</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16 June 2007<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2007-06-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">WASG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Karl-Liebknecht-Haus" title="Karl-Liebknecht-Haus">Karl-Liebknecht-Haus</a> Kleine Alexanderstraße 28 D-10178 <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg_Foundation" title="Rosa Luxemburg Foundation">Rosa Luxemburg Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sozialistischer_Deutscher_Studentenbund" title="Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund">Die Linke.SDS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left_Youth_Solid" title="Left Youth Solid">Left Youth Solid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(February 2025)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 81,200<sup id="cite_ref-Tagesschau_11-02-25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tagesschau_11-02-25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a><sup id="ref_A" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_A">[A]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left">Party of the European Left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament" title="The Left in the European Parliament">The Left in the European Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (politics)">Red</a> (official)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Purple (customary)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 736</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 69</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_German_state_parliaments" title="Composition of the German state parliaments">State Parliaments</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">92 / 1,894</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 96</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_president_(Germany)" title="Minister president (Germany)">Heads of State Governments</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg/180px-Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg/270px-Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg/360px-Flag_of_Die_Linke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.die-linke.de">en<wbr />.die-linke<wbr />.de</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49764#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #BE3075;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Elections</a></li></ul></div><hr /><span id="cnote_A"><b><a href="#ref_A">^</a></b></span> <b>A:</b> A broad left-wing party, it has also been described as <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left</a> by some news outlets.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Left</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Die Linke</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[diː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈlɪŋkə]</a></span>), commonly referred to as the <b>Left Party</b> (German: <i lang="de">Die Linkspartei</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[diː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈlɪŋkspaʁˌtaɪ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9c\/De-Die_Linkspartei.ogg\/De-Die_Linkspartei.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Die Linkspartei.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/De-Die_Linkspartei.ogg/De-Die_Linkspartei.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Die_Linkspartei.ogg" title="File:De-Die Linkspartei.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic socialist">democratic socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">political party in Germany</a>. The party was founded in 2007 as the result of the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">Party of Democratic Socialism</a> (PDS) and <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative</a>. Through the PDS, the party is the direct descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist–Leninist">Marxist–Leninist</a> ruling party of former <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party of Germany</a> (SED).<sup id="cite_ref-Tangian2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tangian2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since October 2024, The Left's co-<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairpersons</a> have been <a href="/wiki/Ines_Schwerdtner" title="Ines Schwerdtner">Ines Schwerdtner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aken_(politician)" title="Jan van Aken (politician)">Jan van Aken</a>. The party holds 28 seats out of 736 in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>, the federal legislature of Germany, having won 4.9% of votes cast in the <a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021 German federal election</a>. Its parliamentary group is the second-smallest of seven in the Bundestag, and is headed by parliamentary co-leaders <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Reichinnek" title="Heidi Reichinnek">Heidi Reichinnek</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann" title="Sören Pellmann">Sören Pellmann</a>. </p><p>The Left is represented in eight of Germany's sixteen state legislatures, including all five of the <a href="/wiki/New_states_of_Germany" title="New states of Germany">eastern states</a>. As of 2024, the party participates in governments in the states of <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> as a junior partner. From 2014 to 2024 the party led a coalition in <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> headed by Minister-President <a href="/wiki/Bodo_Ramelow" title="Bodo Ramelow">Bodo Ramelow</a>. The Left is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left">Party of the European Left</a>, and is the third-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/European_United_Left%E2%80%93Nordic_Green_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="European United Left–Nordic Green Left">European United Left–Nordic Green Left</a> group in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. In December 2022, The Left had 54,214<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> registered members, making it the sixth-largest party in Germany by membership, this decreased further to 50,251 members in December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Membership_of_The_Left_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Membership_of_The_Left-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left promotes <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">left-wing populism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-militarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-militarism">anti-militarism</a>, and is neutral on <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a>. </p><p>In late 2023, prominent member <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a> and several supporters split from the party and formed <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht</a>, resulting in the dissolution of The Left's official faction in the Bundestag. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)</a></div> <p>The main predecessor of The Left was the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), which emerged from the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED) of East Germany (GDR). In October 1989, facing increasing unpopularity, the SED replaced long-time leader <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> with <a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a>, who began a program of limited reforms, including the legalisation of opposition groups. He also loosened restrictions on travel between East and West Berlin, which inadvertently led to the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a>. The SED gave up its "<a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">leading role</a>" in November, and Krenz resigned soon afterward. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a>, part of a group of reformers who supported the <a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a>. His ally <a href="/wiki/Hans_Modrow" title="Hans Modrow">Hans Modrow</a>, the new Chairman of the Council of Ministers, became the <i>de facto</i> national leader. </p><p>Seeking to change its image, the party expelled most of its former leadership, including Honecker and Krenz; the new government negotiated with opposition groups and arranged free elections. By the time of a special congress in mid-December, the SED was no longer a Marxist-Leninist party. It added <i>Party of Democratic Socialism</i> to its name, dropping the SED portion in February. The PDS oriented itself as pro-democratic, socialist, and supportive of East German sovereignty. The party chose Modrow as its lead candidate for the <a href="/wiki/1990_East_German_general_election" title="1990 East German general election">1990 East German general election</a> but was decisively defeated, finishing in third place with 16.4% of votes cast. The PDS was excluded from further political developments due to the aversion of the opposition, now in power, which considered it essentially tied to the Communist regime despite its change of name.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After debuting with a meagre 2.4% nationwide in the <a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">1990 German federal election</a> immediately after reunification, the PDS gained popularity throughout the 1990s as a protest party in the eastern states. In the <a href="/wiki/1998_German_federal_election" title="1998 German federal election">1998 German federal election</a> it won 5.1% of votes, enough to win seats outright without relying on direct constituencies as it had in 1994. By the 2000s, it was the second-largest party in every eastern state legislature except Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Despite electoral successes, the PDS faced internal strife due to ideological disputes, a chronic decline in membership, and a near-complete lack of support in the western states, which has been home to 85% of Germany's population. The <a href="/wiki/1994_German_federal_election" title="1994 German federal election">1994 German federal election</a> also saw a "red socks" campaign used by the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP), to scare off a possible <a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93red%E2%80%93green_coalition" title="Red–red–green coalition">red–red–green coalition</a> (<a href="/wiki/SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">SPD</a>–PDS–<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a>). Analysts have stated that such a strategy likely paid off, as it was seen as one of the decisive elements for the narrow victory of Kohl for the CDU/CSU–FDP. The campaign was criticized as an obvious attempt to discredit the whole <a href="/wiki/Political_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Political left">political left</a>; the PDS reinterpreted it for itself by printing red socks.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PDS–WASG_alliance"><span id="PDS.E2.80.93WASG_alliance"></span>PDS–WASG alliance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: PDS–WASG alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:400px"><div class="center noresize" style="width:400px;"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_League" title="Spartacus League">Spartacus League</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">KPD</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">SED</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">WASG</a></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Die Linke</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Sahra_Wagenknecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht">BSW</a></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">The predecessors of Die Linke, and its split-off <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Sahra_Wagenknecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht">Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>In January 2005, a group of disaffected <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrats</a> and trade unionists founded <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative</a> (WASG), a left-wing party opposed to federal Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Agenda_2010" title="Agenda 2010">Agenda 2010</a> labour and welfare reforms. The party made a modest showing of 2.2% in the <a href="/wiki/2005_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2005 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">North Rhine-Westphalia state election</a> in May, but failed to win seats. The election saw the incumbent SPD government defeated in a landslide, which was widely interpreted as a sign of the federal SPD's unpopularity. Chancellor Schröder subsequently called an early federal election to be held in September. </p><p>WASG continued to gain members, prompting the PDS leadership to propose an alliance between the two parties. With the established eastern base of the PDS and WASG's potential for growth in the west, the parties hoped to enter the Bundestag together. They agreed to form an electoral pact, in which they would not run against one another in direct constituencies and would create joint <a href="/wiki/Electoral_list" title="Electoral list">electoral lists</a> featuring candidates from both parties. They also agreed to unify into a single party in 2007. To symbolise the new relationship, the PDS renamed itself the Left Party.PDS (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Linkspartei.PDS</i>). The joint list ran under the name The Left.PDS (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Die Linke.PDS</i>), though in the western states, where the PDS was shunned for its association with the GDR, "PDS" was optional. The alliance's profile was greatly boosted when former federal Minister of Finance <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a>, who had left the SPD after the North Rhine-Westphalia election, joined WASG in June. He was chosen as the party's lead candidate for the federal election and shared the spotlight with Gregor Gysi of the PDS. </p><p>Polls early in the summer showed the unified Left list winning as much as 12 percent of the vote, and for a time it seemed possible the party would surge past the Greens and FDP and become the third-largest party in the Bundestag. During the campaign, the party was subject to frequent criticism. At one event, Oskar Lafontaine described <i>Fremdarbeiter</i> ("foreign workers", a term associated with the Nazi regime) as a threat to German labour. He claimed to have misspoken, but in an article published in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i>, a group of prominent German writers accused him of deliberately appealing to <a href="/wiki/Xenophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenophobic">xenophobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> voters.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005 federal election</a>, the Left.PDS easily passed the electoral threshold, winning 8.7% of the vote and 53 seats. It became the fourth largest party in the Bundestag. The result of the election was inconclusive; between the SPD, Greens, and Left.PDS, left-wing parties held a majority, but the SPD was unwilling to cooperate with the Left.PDS. The result was a <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition_(Germany)" title="Grand coalition (Germany)">grand coalition</a> of the CDU and SPD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_foundation">Party foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Party foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negotiations for a formal merger of the PDS and WASG continued through the next year until a final agreement was reached on 27 March 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new party, called The Left (<i>Die Linke</i>), held its founding congress in Berlin on 16 June 2007. <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Bisky" title="Lothar Bisky">Lothar Bisky</a> and Oskar Lafontaine were elected as co-leaders, while Gregor Gysi became leader of the party's Bundestag group. </p><p>The unified party quickly became a serious force in western Germany for the first time. It comfortably surpassed the electoral threshold in <a href="/wiki/2007_Bremen_state_election" title="2007 Bremen state election">Bremen in 2007</a>, and throughout 2008 won seats in <a href="/wiki/2008_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2008 Lower Saxony state election">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Hessian_state_election" title="2008 Hessian state election">Hesse</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Hamburg_state_election" title="2008 Hamburg state election">Hamburg</a>. The "five-party system" in Germany was now a reality in the west as well as the east. </p><p>A string of electoral successes followed during the "super election year" of 2009. The Left achieved 7.5% in the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">European elections</a>, confirming their enduring nationwide popularity. Six state elections were held throughout the year, and in each of them the party either surged ahead or consolidated earlier gains. They saw an upswing in <a href="/wiki/2009_Thuringia_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Thuringia state election">Thuringia</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_Hessian_state_election" title="2009 Hessian state election">Hesse</a> and won seats for the first time in <a href="/wiki/2009_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2009 Schleswig-Holstein state election">Schleswig-Holstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_Saarland_state_election" title="2009 Saarland state election">Saarland</a>. Oskar Lafontaine ran as the party's lead candidate in Saarland, leading the party to a massive success with 21.3% of the vote. In <a href="/wiki/2009_Saxony_state_election" title="2009 Saxony state election">Saxony</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2009 Brandenburg state election">Brandenburg</a>, The Left's vote declined slightly, but it remained the second largest party in both states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009_federal_election">2009 federal election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2009 federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg/220px-Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg/330px-Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg/440px-Bundestag_2009_Linke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1683" data-file-height="1930" /></a><figcaption>Results for the second votes by constituency in the <a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009 federal election</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The electoral collapse of the Social Democratic Party in the <a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">federal election</a> on 27 September 2009 saw The Left's vote surge to 11.9%, increasing its representation in the Bundestag from 54 to 76 seats, just under half as large as the SPD's parliamentary group. It became the second most popular party in the eastern states with 28.5%, while experiencing a breakthrough in the west with 8.3%. It was the most popular party in Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg, and won sixteen direct constituencies, the largest tally by a minor party in history. The Left nonetheless remained in opposition. </p><p>The Left won seats in the parliament of Germany's most populous state, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/2010_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2010 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">May 2010 election</a>. They now held seats in thirteen of Germany's sixteen states, only absent from three states in the traditionally conservative south. </p><p>In January 2010, Oskar Lafontaine announced that, due to his ongoing cancer treatment, he would not seek re-election to the party leadership at the upcoming party congress. At the congress in May, Lothar Bisky also chose not to nominate for re-election; <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Ernst" title="Klaus Ernst">Klaus Ernst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gesine_L%C3%B6tzsch" title="Gesine Lötzsch">Gesine Lötzsch</a> were elected as the party's new leaders. </p><p>Just a few weeks later, the SPD and Greens invited the Left to support their candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2010_German_presidential_election" title="2010 German presidential election">2010 presidential election</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Federal_Commissioner_for_the_Stasi_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records">Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records</a> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a>. They suggested that this was an opportunity for the Left to leave their communist past behind them and show unconditional support for democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the party refused to support him, highlighting his support of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> and his attacks on their party.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also rejected the conservative <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wulff" title="Christian Wulff">Christian Wulff</a>, favourite of Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead putting forward their own nominee, television journalist <a href="/wiki/Luc_Jochimsen" title="Luc Jochimsen">Luc Jochimsen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red-green camp reacted with disappointment.<sup id="cite_ref-SPON_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPON-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SPD chairman <a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Gabriel" title="Sigmar Gabriel">Sigmar Gabriel</a> described The Left's position as "bizarre and embarrassing," stating that he was shocked that they would declare Joachim Gauck their enemy due to his investigation of GDR injustice.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SPD and Greens expected the Left to support Gauck in the decisive third round of the election; however, after Jochimsen withdrew, most of the Left's delegates abstained.<sup id="cite_ref-SPON_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPON-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n24_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n24-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wulff was elected by an absolute majority.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party was isolated ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2012_German_presidential_election" title="2012 German presidential election">March 2012 presidential election</a>. The federal CDU/CSU–FDP government invited the SPD and Greens to agree on an all-party consensus candidate; The Left was excluded. Those invited eventually agreed to support Joachim Gauck. The Left again refused to support him.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SPD chair Sigmar Gabriel once again criticized the party, claiming they harboured "sympathy for the German Democratic Republic."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left put forward <a href="/wiki/Beate_Klarsfeld" title="Beate Klarsfeld">Beate Klarsfeld</a>, a journalist and outspoken <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a> who had investigated numerous <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> war criminals. She received 10.2% of the delegate votes. Gauck was elected in the first round with 80.4% of votes. </p><p>The Left's fortunes began to turn in 2011, and they suffered a string of setbacks and defeats through 2013, particularly in the western states. They failed to win seats in <a href="/wiki/2011_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2011 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2011 Baden-Württemberg state election">Baden-Württemberg</a>, and suffered losses in <a href="/wiki/2011_Bremen_state_election" title="2011 Bremen state election">Bremen</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_Berlin_state_election" title="2011 Berlin state election">Berlin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2012_Saarland_state_election" title="2012 Saarland state election">Saarland</a>. Crucially, the party lost its seats in the Landtags of <a href="/wiki/2012_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2012 Schleswig-Holstein state election">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2012 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2013_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2013 Lower Saxony state election">Lower Saxony</a>. </p><p>On 11 April 2012, Gesine Lötzsch resigned as party co-leader, citing medical conditions her husband was suffering. Klaus Ernst subsequently announced he would not seek re-election as leader at the party congress in June.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Katja_Kipping" title="Katja Kipping">Katja Kipping</a>, who had served as deputy leader since 2007, was elected as co-leader with 67.1% of votes. <a href="/wiki/Bernd_Riexinger" title="Bernd Riexinger">Bernd Riexinger</a> was elected as the other co-leader with 53.5% of votes, winning a narrow contest against <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Bartsch" title="Dietmar Bartsch">Dietmar Bartsch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_federal_election">2013 federal election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2013 federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg/220px-Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg/330px-Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg/440px-Btw13_linke_zweit_endgueltig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Results for the second votes by constituency in the <a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013 federal election</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013 federal election</a>, The Left received 8.6% of the national vote and won 64 seats, a decline from 2009. However, due to the collapse of the FDP, they moved into third place. After the formation of a second grand coalition between the CDU and SPD, The Left became the leading party of the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party narrowly retained its seats in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Hessian_state_election" title="2013 Hessian state election">Hessian state election</a> held on the same day as the federal election. The Left suffered a major loss in <a href="/wiki/2014_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2014 Brandenburg state election">Brandenburg</a> in 2014, losing a third of its voteshare and falling to third place. Nonetheless, it continued as a junior partner under the SPD. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2014_Thuringian_state_election" title="2014 Thuringian state election">2014 Thuringian state election</a> was the party's biggest success to date, achieving not only its best state election result (28.2%) but also forming the first coalition with one of its own members at the head. The party was able to negotiate a <a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green_alliance#Red–red–green_coalition" title="Red–green alliance">red-red-green coalition</a> with the SPD and Greens, and <a href="/wiki/Bodo_Ramelow" title="Bodo Ramelow">Bodo Ramelow</a> was elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers-President_of_Thuringia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers-President of Thuringia">Minister-President</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Thuringia" title="Landtag of Thuringia">Landtag of Thuringia</a>, becoming the first member of the party to serve as head of government of any German state. </p><p>The Left achieved modest gains in the city-states of <a href="/wiki/2015_Hamburg_state_election" title="2015 Hamburg state election">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/2015_Bremen_state_election" title="2015 Bremen state election">Bremen</a> in 2015. They suffered a loss in <a href="/wiki/2016_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="2016 Saxony-Anhalt state election">Saxony-Anhalt</a> reminiscent of that in Brandenburg 18 months earlier, falling to third place and losing a third of their voteshare. In September, the Left joined government in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_state_election" title="2016 Berlin state election">2016 state election</a> as the second-largest member of a coalition with the SPD and Greens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_federal_election">2017 federal election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2017 federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg/220px-Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg/330px-Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg/440px-Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Results for the second votes by constituency in the <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017 federal election</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017 federal election</a>, The Left fell to fifth place due to the re-entry of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> in fourth place and the ascension of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> to third place. The party suffered substantial losses in its traditional eastern heartland, but made a net gain nationally thanks to an improvement in the western states, rising to 9.2% of votes (up 0.6 points). </p><p>Throughout 2017, they failed to make a comeback to the Landtags of <a href="/wiki/2017_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2017 Schleswig-Holstein state election">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2017_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2017 Lower Saxony state election">Lower Saxony</a>, despite making gains in all three states. The party's slow decline in <a href="/wiki/2017_Saarland_state_election" title="2017 Saarland state election">Saarland</a> continued, winning 12.8% in March. In 2018, they defended their seats in <a href="/wiki/2018_Hessian_state_election" title="2018 Hessian state election">Hesse</a>. Kipping and Riexinger were re-elected for a third time at the party congress in 2018, winning 64.5% and 73.8% respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Parteitag2018_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parteitag2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Left had mixed results in 2019. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">European election</a>, they declined to 5.5%, the worst result in a national election since the party's formation. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Bremen_state_election" title="2019 Bremen state election">Bremen state election</a> held on the same day, the party made small gains, and joined a western state government for the first time in a coalition under the SPD and Greens. The Left suffered major losses in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2019 Brandenburg state election">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019_Saxony_state_election" title="2019 Saxony state election">Saxony</a> state elections held on 1 September, losing almost half its voteshare in each, and left the Brandenburg government, in which they had participated since 2009. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Thuringian_state_election" title="2019 Thuringian state election">2019 Thuringian state election</a>, Ramelow led the party to its best ever result, winning 31.0% and becoming the largest party in a state legislature for the first time, though his red-red-green government lost its majority. In February 2020, the FDP's <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kemmerich" title="Thomas Kemmerich">Thomas Kemmerich</a> was elected Minister-President with the support of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>, but immediately resigned due to widespread outrage. After a protracted <a href="/wiki/2019_Thuringian_state_election#Government_formation" title="2019 Thuringian state election">government crisis</a>, Ramelow was re-elected for a second term to lead a minority government. </p><p>In August 2020, Kipping and Riexinger announced they would step down as co-chairs in accordance with party regulations stating that no position should be held by the same person for more than eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A party congress was scheduled on 30 October to 1 November 2020, but was cancelled on 27 October due to the worsening of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">COVID-19 pandemic in Germany</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the party instead held a fully digital congress on 26–27 February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hessian parliamentary leader <a href="/wiki/Janine_Wissler" title="Janine Wissler">Janine Wissler</a> and Thuringia branch leader <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow" title="Susanne Hennig-Wellsow">Susanne Hennig-Wellsow</a> were elected co-chairs on 27 February, winning 84% and 71% of votes cast, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-WisHen_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WisHen-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_federal_election">2021 federal election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2021 federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021 German federal election</a>, The Left was eager to become a partner in a coalition government with the SPD and Greens.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the CDU/CSU collapsed in the polls and the SPD surged, the last month of the campaign saw the conservative government engage in a <a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a> campaign against The Left and the prospect of a <a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93red%E2%80%93green_coalition" title="Red–red–green coalition">red–red–green coalition</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> utilising <a href="/wiki/Red-baiting" title="Red-baiting">red-baiting</a> and fearmongering about extremism;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the party had elected a new moderate leadership and put forward an observably more moderate programme than previous elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Oltermann_2021_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oltermann_2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Capital_flight" title="Capital flight">capital flight</a> to Switzerland ensued due to fear of increased taxes for the wealthy through higher <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Left won 4.9% of votes and 39 seats in the 26 September federal election, its worst showing since its official formation in 2007, narrowly failing to cross the 5% <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a>. The party was nonetheless entitled to full <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> as it won three <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bundestag_constituencies" title="List of Bundestag constituencies">direct constituencies</a>; two in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>. This meant a net loss of 4.3 percentage points of vote share and 30 seats overall. Notably, <span class="avoidwrap" style="display:inline-block;">Vice President</span> of the Bundestag <a href="/wiki/Petra_Pau" title="Petra Pau">Petra Pau</a> was defeated in her direct constituency of <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Marzahn-Hellersdorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin-Marzahn-Hellersdorf">Berlin-Marzahn-Hellersdorf</a>. Due to The Left's poor performance, a left-wing coalition fell a few seats short of a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>State elections in <a href="/wiki/2021_Berlin_state_election" title="2021 Berlin state election">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> were held on the same day. The Left suffered minor losses in both, but nonetheless joined coalition governments in each state. In Berlin, they joined a renewed coalition with the SPD and Greens.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, they replaced the CDU as junior partner to the SPD.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reel_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reel-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the federal election, The Left suffered internal strife and its fortunes continued to decline. A major blow came in the March <a href="/wiki/2022_Saarland_state_election" title="2022 Saarland state election">2022 Saarland state election</a>, with the party losing all their seats amid conflict between the state leadership and <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a>, who declined to run again and quit the party shortly before the election.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, reports of sexism and abuse arose within the Hesse branch, including claims that implicated Janine Wissler. In April, Susanne Hennig-Wellsow resigned as co-leader, citing the party's recent troubles and desire to spend more time with family.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further losses came in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2022 Schleswig-Holstein state election">Schleswig-Holstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> state elections in May.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–present:_infighting_and_party_split"><span id="2022.E2.80.93present:_infighting_and_party_split"></span>2022–present: infighting and party split</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2022–present: infighting and party split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> highlighted fault lines within the party. The leadership and majority took a strongly pro-Ukrainian stance, while the faction around <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a> opposed sanctions against Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Verge_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verge-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the party congress in June, incumbent Janine Wissler was re-elected as leader, while co-chair of <a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left in the European Parliament</a> (GUE/NGL) group <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schirdewan" title="Martin Schirdewan">Martin Schirdewan</a> was elected as Hennig-Wellsow's successor. They both faced challenges from candidates aligned with Wagenknecht's faction, winning majorities of 57% and 61% of votes respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a Bundestag speech in September, Wagenknecht attacked the federal government for launching what she called "an unprecedented economic war against our most important energy supplier," and called for the end of sanctions against Russia. The speech was boycotted by half The Left's deputies, and prompted numerous calls for her resignation by colleagues. Hundreds of members were reported to have left the party over the dispute, including prominent former MdB <a href="/wiki/Fabio_De_Masi" title="Fabio De Masi">Fabio De Masi</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Tageszeitung" title="Die Tageszeitung">Die Tageszeitung</a></i> reported that Wagenknecht's supporters had begun planning a breakaway party to compete in the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">2024 European elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Verge_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verge-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2023_Berlin_state_election" title="2023 Berlin state election">2023 Berlin state election</a>, The Left lost two seats in the <a href="/wiki/Abgeordnetenhaus_of_Berlin" title="Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin">Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin</a>; further, in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Bremen_state_election" title="2023 Bremen state election">2023 Bremen state election</a>, they retained their 10 seats in the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerschaft_of_Bremen" title="Bürgerschaft of Bremen">Bürgerschaft of Bremen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hessian_state_election" title="2023 Hessian state election">2023 Hessian state election</a>, The Left were <a href="/wiki/Wipeout_(elections)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wipeout (elections)">wiped out</a> after achieving 3.1% of the vote, thus losing their 9 seats due to falling short of the 5% threshold needed for representation.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023, Wagenknecht and nine other Bundestag members, including faction co-leader <a href="/wiki/Amira_Mohamed_Ali" title="Amira Mohamed Ali">Amira Mohamed Ali</a>, announced their intention to leave The Left and launch the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Sahra_Wagenknecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pushed The Left below the minimum number of members required to sustain an <a href="/wiki/The_Left_faction_(Bundestag)" title="The Left faction (Bundestag)">official faction in the Bundestag, and it was preemptively dissolved</a> on 6 December.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February it was reorganised as a <a href="/wiki/The_Left_group_(Bundestag)" title="The Left group (Bundestag)">group with reduced status</a>. Former faction leader Dietmar Bartsch declined to run again.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Reichinnek" title="Heidi Reichinnek">Heidi Reichinnek</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann" title="Sören Pellmann">Sören Pellmann</a>, who previously ran against Wissler and Schirdewan for the federal leadership, announced their intention to contest against the pro-leadership duo of <a href="/wiki/Clara_B%C3%BCnger" title="Clara Bünger">Clara Bünger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ates_G%C3%BCrpinar" title="Ates Gürpinar">Ates Gürpinar</a>. On the first ballot, Reichinnek defeated Bünger 14 votes to 13; Gürpinar withdrew in favour of Bünger in the second ballot, but she was defeated again by Pellmann, again 14 to 13.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wissler and Schirdewan announced in August 2024 that they would not seek re-election at the upcoming party congress.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September, the party suffered major defeats in state elections in <a href="/wiki/2024_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2024 Brandenburg state election">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_Saxony_state_election" title="2024 Saxony state election">Saxony</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_Thuringian_state_election" title="2024 Thuringian state election">Thuringia</a>. They were reduced to fourth place in Thuringia with 13%, while in Brandenburg and Saxony they fell below 5%, only narrowly retaining their seats in the latter state. BSW, conversely, performed strongly and placed third in each state.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October, the party congress elected <a href="/wiki/Ines_Schwerdtner" title="Ines Schwerdtner">Ines Schwerdtner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aken_(politician)" title="Jan van Aken (politician)">Jan van Aken</a> as the new co-leaders with only marginal opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_platform">Ideology and platform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ideology and platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">van der Lubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Kreisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">Communist society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_economists" title="List of socialist economists">List of socialist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBTQ_rights" title="Socialism and LGBTQ rights">Socialism and LGBTQ rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party" title="Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism-related_lists" title="Category:Socialism-related lists">Related lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism_by_country" title="Category:Socialism by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialists" title="Category:Socialists">Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_songs" title="List of socialist songs">Songs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:1px solid #d33;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Socialism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Socialism">WikiProject</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_Labour" title="Portal:Organized Labour">Organized Labour portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Left advocates for <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CiniBorragan2013_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CiniBorragan2013-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bpb.de_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpb.de-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left is vocally <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (October 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-militarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-militarist">anti-militarist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a platform for <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a> in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, the Left includes many different factions, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Communists" class="mw-redirect" title="Communists">communists</a> to <a href="/wiki/Social_democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democrats">social democrats</a>. During the joint party convention with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative</a> in March 2007, a document outlining political principles was agreed on. The official program of the party was decided upon by an overwhelming majority at the party conference in October 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Left is generally considered a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a> party. This party is sometimes considered part of the German "<a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a>" camp.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described as "<a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a>" by journalists in some news outlets including the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is considered to be <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing populist">left-wing populist</a> by some researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-keating_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keating-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Left aims at increasing <a href="/wiki/Government_spending" title="Government spending">government spending</a> in the areas of public investments, education, research and development, culture, and infrastructure, as well as increasing taxes for large <a href="/wiki/Corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporations">corporations</a>. It calls for increases in <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a> rates and the reinstatement of the individual <a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a> tax. The party aims at a linear <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> progression, which would reduce the tax burden for lower incomes, while raising the middle- and top-income tax rates. The combating of tax loopholes is a perennial issue, as The Left believes that they primarily benefit people with high incomes. The party aims for the financial markets to be subject to heavier government regulation, with the goal, among others, to reduce the speculation of bonds and derivatives. The party wants to strengthen <a href="/wiki/Anti-trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-trust">anti-trust</a> laws and empower <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperatives</a> to decentralise the economy. Further economic reforms supported by the party include solidarity and more self-determination for workers, a ban on <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a>, the rejection of <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a>, and the introduction of a federal <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BBCLeft_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCLeft-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more generally the overthrow of property and power structures in which, citing <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s aphorism, "man is a debased, enslaved, abandoned, despicable essence."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concerning foreign policy, The Left calls for international <a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">disarmament</a>, while ruling out any form of involvement of the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> outside of Germany. The party calls for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the replacement of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">collective security</a> system including Russia as a member country. They believe that German foreign policy should be strictly confined to the goals of civil diplomacy and cooperation, instead of confrontation, though they also believe that such demands are more of a vision, are not to be implemented as soon as possible, and should not be seen as inflexible preconditions for a federal, left-wing <a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93red%E2%80%93green_coalition" title="Red–red–green coalition">red–red–green coalition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oltermann_2021_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oltermann_2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In their manifesto, the party says: "All support for NATO states which, like <a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a>'s Turkey, disregard international law, must be stopped immediately."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left criticised Germany's defense plan with Saudi Arabia, which has been <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">waging war</a> in Yemen and has been accused of massive <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">human rights</a> violations.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left supports further debt cancellations for developing countries and increases in development aid, in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, and diverse bilateral treaties among countries. The party supports <a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">reform of the United Nations</a> as long as it is aimed at a fair balance between developed and developing countries. The Left would have all American military bases within Germany, and if possible in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, enacted within a binding treaty, dissolved. The Left welcomes <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a>, while opposing what it believes to be <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> policies in the European Union. The party strives for the democratisation of the EU institutions and a stronger role of the United Nations in international politics.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left opposed both the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">war in Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BBCLeft_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCLeft-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-euractiv_lisbon_treaty_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euractiv_lisbon_treaty-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has a mixed stance towards the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a> has described Russia as <a href="/wiki/State_capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="State capitalist">state capitalist</a>, and the party has called the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in Ukraine">Russian military intervention in Ukraine</a> to be illegal; however, Gysi commented that older elements of the party have a strong penchant for Russia and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-test_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party declared in May 2014 that Ukraine should not receive any kind of support from Germany as long as there are fascists inside its government.<sup id="cite_ref-gazeta_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazeta-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some members of the party (like MP <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hunko" title="Andrej Hunko">Andrej Hunko</a>, who has since left the party and joined BSW) are strong supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also takes a friendly stance towards China;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sevim_Da%C4%9Fdelen" title="Sevim Dağdelen">Sevim Dağdelen</a>, former deputy leader of The Left in the Bundestag (now BSW), criticized EU commission president <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>'s speech calling for a new EU policy towards China, saying that "[t]he EU and its member states want to challenge the emerging power China, including through military means."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg/220px-Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg/330px-Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg/440px-Hallescher_Parteitag_-_Die_Vorsitzenden_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5354" data-file-height="3571" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ines_Schwerdtner" title="Ines Schwerdtner">Ines Schwerdtner</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aken_(politician)" title="Jan van Aken (politician)">Jan van Aken</a> at the 2024 federal party conference</figcaption></figure> <p>The Left is organised into branches in each of the 16 <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">states</a>. The party has smaller branches on a local level, for which the corresponding state branches are responsible. These branches usually organise across a <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">district</a>, city, or (in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin">borough</a>. The lowest unit of the party is the grassroots organization, which, depending on the density of membership, can include a residential area, a city or an entire district.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party has a youth wing, <a href="/wiki/Left_Youth_Solid" title="Left Youth Solid">Left Youth Solid</a>, and a student wing known as The Left.SDS. The party is also affiliated with a number of left-wing <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tanks</a>, education, and policy groups, most prominently the <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg_Foundation" title="Rosa Luxemburg Foundation">Rosa Luxemburg Foundation</a>. </p><p>The party is formally led by a 26-member Party Executive Committee (PEC), of which seven are members of the party's leadership, the executive board. This includes two federal co-chairpersons, of which at least one is required by statute to be female. Convention also dictates that one leader should come from the Eastern states and one from the west, though this is not an official rule. The PEC is elected by a regular party congress, which also discusses and determines the party platform and rules on basic political and organisational matters.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leadership group of the party's Bundestag faction is considered a second centre of power within the party, and conflicts sometimes arise between the federal leadership and parliamentary group. This most prominently happened in 2015, which resulted in Bundestag co-leaders <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Bartsch" title="Dietmar Bartsch">Dietmar Bartsch</a> being elected as lead candidates for the 2017 federal election, defeating federal co-chairs <a href="/wiki/Katja_Kipping" title="Katja Kipping">Katja Kipping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernd_Riexinger" title="Bernd Riexinger">Bernd Riexinger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Left's internal structure underwent a transitional phase after its formation in 2007 in order to integrate the different groups. Western party organisations were initially strongly favoured in party congresses, which strengthened the "fundamental opposition" faction of <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a>. These provisions expired at the 2014 party congress. The dual leadership, initially a temporary measure, was adopted permanently in 2010. This was not initially the case for the parliamentary group leadership, which was co-chaired by both <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a> and Lafontaine between 2005 and 2009, and solely by Gysi thereafter. After his retirement in 2015, however, the dual chairmanship was reintroduced.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executive committee originally comprised 44 members, but was reduced to 26 at the 2022 party congress. </p><p>The Left is noted for having an unusually strong and formalised system of internal factions, which are outlined in the party statutes. Factions with sufficiently large membership are entitled to send delegates to party congresses. In addition, there are around 40 working groups within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zus_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zus-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since October 2024, the composition of the Party Executive Committee has been as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:40em; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:12em;">Position </th> <th style="width:28em;">Member(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Party Chair </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ines_Schwerdtner" title="Ines Schwerdtner">Ines Schwerdtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aken_(politician)" title="Jan van Aken (politician)">Jan van Aken</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Deputy Party Chair </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ates_G%C3%BCrpinar" title="Ates Gürpinar">Ates Gürpinar</a></li> <li>Luise Neuhaus-Wartenberg</li> <li>Sabine Ritter</li> <li>Maximilian Schirmer</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Federal Manager Officer </th> <td> <ul><li>Janis Ehling</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Federal Treasurer </th> <td> <ul><li>Sebastian Koch</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Youth Speaker </th> <td> <ul><li>Lisa Pfitzmann</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Student Speaker </th> <td> <ul><li>Margarita Kavali</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Member of the Party Executive Committee </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li>Sabine Berninger</li> <li>Candy Boldt-Händel</li> <li>Lorenz Güsta Beutin</li> <li>Katharina Dahme</li> <li>Ulrike Eifler</li> <li>Nina Eumann</li> <li>Olga Fritzsche</li> <li>Wulf Gallert</li> <li>Kathrin Gebel</li> <li>Margit Glasow</li> <li>Thies Gleiss</li> <li>Theo Glauch</li> <li>Hennis Herbst</li> <li>Alexander Kauz</li> <li>Markus Pohle</li> <li>Naisan Raji</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Council of Elders (<i>Ältestenrat</i>) is an advisory body formed in December 2007. Lothar Bisky stated the council would "focus on the development of the party, allied and international issues, the history of the left and possible consequences for the socialist program." Its current composition is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:40em; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:12em;">Position </th> <th style="width:28em;">Member(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Speakers </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Bernhard Strasdeit</li> <li>Luc Jochimsen</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Member of the<br />Council of Elders </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li>Klaus Bartl</li> <li>Safter Çinar</li> <li>Minka Dott</li> <li>Rosi Grewenig</li> <li>Rosi Hein</li> <li>Luc Jochimsen</li> <li>Walter Kappmeier</li> <li>Artur Pech</li> <li>Heidi Scharf</li> <li>Bärbel Schindler-Saefkow</li> <li>Alexander Schmejkal</li> <li>Renate Schmidt</li> <li>Christiane Schneider</li> <li>Volker Steinke</li> <li>Peter Vetter</li> <li>Ursula Weisser-Roelle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H%C3%A4ndel" title="Thomas Händel">Thomas Händel</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_history">Leadership history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Leadership history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Federal chairpersons </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lothar_Bisky_PDS,_Variante_b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lothar_Bisky_PDS%2C_Variante_b.JPG/47px-Lothar_Bisky_PDS%2C_Variante_b.JPG" decoding="async" width="47" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lothar_Bisky_PDS%2C_Variante_b.JPG/70px-Lothar_Bisky_PDS%2C_Variante_b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lothar_Bisky_PDS%2C_Variante_b.JPG/94px-Lothar_Bisky_PDS%2C_Variante_b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="1116" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Bisky" title="Lothar Bisky">Lothar Bisky</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oskar_Lafontaine_(DIE_LINKE)_in_Hamm_(10571425525).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg/40px-Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg/60px-Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg/80px-Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a> </td> <td>16 June 2007<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2007-06-16</span>)</span> </td> <td>15 May 2010<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2010-05-15</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg/48px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg" decoding="async" width="48" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg/72px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg/96px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93115.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2924" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gesine_L%C3%B6tzsch" title="Gesine Lötzsch">Gesine Lötzsch</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg/41px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg/62px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg/83px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="2626" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Ernst" title="Klaus Ernst">Klaus Ernst</a> </td> <td>15 May 2010<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2010-05-15</span>)</span> </td> <td>2 June 2012<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2012-06-02</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg/43px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg/65px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg/86px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93045.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="3459" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Katja_Kipping" title="Katja Kipping">Katja Kipping</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg/37px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg" decoding="async" width="37" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg/56px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg/75px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93085.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="2314" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Riexinger" title="Bernd Riexinger">Bernd Riexinger</a> </td> <td>2 June 2012<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2012-06-02</span>)</span> </td> <td>27 February 2021<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2021-02-27</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png/48px-Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png/72px-Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png/97px-Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_-_Cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow" title="Susanne Hennig-Wellsow">Susanne Hennig-Wellsow</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_(square).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_%28square%29.jpg/60px-Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_%28square%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_%28square%29.jpg/90px-Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_%28square%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_%28square%29.jpg/120px-Janine_Wissler_2_-_2021-02-27_Digitalparteitag_Die_Linke_2021_by_Martin_Heinlein_%28square%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="949" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Janine_Wissler" title="Janine Wissler">Janine Wissler</a> </td> <td>27 February 2021<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2021-02-27</span>)</span> </td> <td>20 April 2022<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2022-04-20</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Vacant</i> </td> <td>20 April 2022<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2022-04-20</span>)</span> </td> <td>25 June 2022<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2022-06-25</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Schirdewan,_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Martin Schirdewan (2019)"><img alt="Martin Schirdewan (2019)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Martin_Schirdewan%2C_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/45px-Martin_Schirdewan%2C_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Martin_Schirdewan%2C_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/67px-Martin_Schirdewan%2C_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Martin_Schirdewan%2C_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Martin_Schirdewan%2C_Parteitag_Bonn_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schirdewan" title="Martin Schirdewan">Martin Schirdewan</a> </td> <td>25 June 2022<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-25</span>)</span> </td> <td>19 October 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2024-10-19</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg/44px-Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg" decoding="async" width="44" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg/66px-Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg/88px-Ines_Schwerdtner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="842" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ines_Schwerdtner" title="Ines Schwerdtner">Ines Schwerdtner</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg/60px-Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg/90px-Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg/120px-Hart_aber_fair_2024-03-04-8268.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3346" data-file-height="3346" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Aken_(politician)" title="Jan van Aken (politician)">Jan van Aken</a> </td> <td>19 October 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-10-19</span>)</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Bundestag chairpersons </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg/60px-13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg/90px-13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg/120px-13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="2360" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oskar_Lafontaine_(DIE_LINKE)_in_Hamm_(10571425525).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg/40px-Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg/60px-Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg/80px-Oskar_Lafontaine_%28DIE_LINKE%29_in_Hamm_%2810571425525%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a> </td> <td>18 October 2005<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2005-10-18</span>)</span> </td> <td>27 October 2009<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2009-10-27</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg/60px-13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg/90px-13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg/120px-13-06-10-dosb-wahlhearing-vorauswahl-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="2360" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a> </td> <td>27 October 2009<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-10-27</span>)</span> </td> <td>13 October 2015<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2015-10-13</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg/41px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg/61px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg/82px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93141.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="3528" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Bartsch" title="Dietmar Bartsch">Dietmar Bartsch</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg/42px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg" decoding="async" width="42" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg/62px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg/83px-2018-06-09_Bundesparteitag_Die_Linke_2018_in_Leipzig_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93126.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3241" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a> </td> <td>13 October 2015<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2015-10-13</span>)</span> </td> <td>12 November 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2019-11-12</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg/41px-Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg/61px-Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg/82px-Amira_Mohamed_Ali_Rheda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="2231" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amira_Mohamed_Ali" title="Amira Mohamed Ali">Amira Mohamed Ali</a> </td> <td>12 November 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2019-11-12</span>)</span> </td> <td>6 December 2023<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2023-12-06</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><i>Faction dissolved – reduced to group status</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg/45px-ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg/67px-ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg/90px-ColognePride_2022-Samstag-Stra%C3%9Fenfest-1605-Politik_Block-8661.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="2957" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Heidi_Reichinnek" title="Heidi Reichinnek">Heidi Reichinnek</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_(51681701382)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_%2851681701382%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/43px-S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_%2851681701382%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="43" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_%2851681701382%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/64px-S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_%2851681701382%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_%2851681701382%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann_%2851681701382%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="2417" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ren_Pellmann" title="Sören Pellmann">Sören Pellmann</a> </td> <td>19 February 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-02-19</span>)</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_branches">State branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: State branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party has branches in all 16 states. As of 31 December 2023, the membership of the branches is as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-branchmem_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-branchmem-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Branch </th> <th class="unsortable">Leader(s)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Members </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahra_Mirow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahra Mirow (page does not exist)">Sahra Mirow</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahra_Mirow" class="extiw" title="de:Sahra Mirow">de</a>]</span><br />Elwis Capece </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Kathrin Flach-Gomez<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelheid_Rupp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelheid Rupp (page does not exist)">Adelheid Rupp</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelheid_Rupp" class="extiw" title="de:Adelheid Rupp">de</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,625 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franziska_Brychcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franziska Brychcy (page does not exist)">Franziska Brychcy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franziska_Brychcy" class="extiw" title="de:Franziska Brychcy">de</a>]</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_Schirmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilian Schirmer (page does not exist)">Maximilian Schirmer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Schirmer" class="extiw" title="de:Maximilian Schirmer">de</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Brandenburg" title="The Left Brandenburg">The Left Brandenburg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katharina_Slanina" title="Katharina Slanina">Katharina Slanina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Walter" title="Sebastian Walter">Sebastian Walter</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4,146 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Anna Fischer<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christoph_Spehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christoph Spehr (page does not exist)">Christoph Spehr</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Spehr" class="extiw" title="de:Christoph Spehr">de</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 705 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabine_Ritter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabine Ritter (page does not exist)">Sabine Ritter</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabine_Ritter" class="extiw" title="de:Sabine Ritter">de</a>]</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Iwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Iwan (page does not exist)">Thomas Iwan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Iwan" class="extiw" title="de:Thomas Iwan">de</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,671 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christiane_B%C3%B6hm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christiane Böhm (page does not exist)">Christiane Böhm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_B%C3%B6hm" class="extiw" title="de:Christiane Böhm">de</a>]</span><br />Jakob Migenda </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Franziska Junker <br />Thorben Peters </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,660 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Hennis Herbst </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,484 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Left_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="The Left North Rhine-Westphalia">The Left North Rhine-Westphalia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kathrin_Vogler" title="Kathrin Vogler">Kathrin Vogler</a><br />Sascha H. Wagner </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6,937 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stefan Glander<br />Natalie Brosch </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,313 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Spaniol" title="Barbara Spaniol">Barbara Spaniol</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,154 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Schaper" title="Susanne Schaper">Susanne Schaper</a><br />Stefan Hartmann </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6,098 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Janina Böttger<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_Lange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik Lange (page does not exist)">Hendrik Lange</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Lange_(Politiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Hendrik Lange (Politiker)">de</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Susanne Spethmann<br />Luca Grimminger </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrike_Grosse-R%C3%B6thig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrike Grosse-Röthig (page does not exist)">Ulrike Grosse-Röthig</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrike_Grosse-R%C3%B6thig" class="extiw" title="de:Ulrike Grosse-Röthig">de</a>]</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Schaft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Schaft (page does not exist)">Christian Schaft</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Schaft" class="extiw" title="de:Christian Schaft">de</a>]</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3,184 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 50,251 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_factions">Internal factions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Internal factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Left is noted for having an unusually strong and formalised system of internal factions, which are outlined in the party statutes. Factions with sufficiently large membership are entitled to send delegates to party congresses. The party is traditionally split between reformist factions, such as the Reform Left Network and Forum for Democratic Socialism, and orthodox factions such as the Communist Platform, Anti-Capitalist Left, and Socialist Left. The Emancipatory Left occupies a middle position.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zus_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zus-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, starting from 2015, the party underwent an internal realignment due to the preeminence of <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a>, who advocated a return to a fundamentally working-class focus and populist positions in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/European_refugee_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European refugee crisis">European refugee crisis</a> and rise of the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a>. In response, many eastern reformers and members of radical left factions allied in the broad "Movement Left" (<i>Bewegungslinke</i>), committed to social movements, environmentalism, and <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectional</a> progressivism.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Movement Left broadly dominates the party, with no members of the Wagenknecht faction elected to the executive at the 2022 congress.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Faction </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Anti-Capitalist Left</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Antikapitalische Linke (AKL)</span></i> </td> <td>A current founded in 2006 which seeks to strengthen the party's anti-capitalist profile. The AKL describe themselves as "movement-oriented" and seek cooperation with extra-parliamentary parties and left-wing movements. They are aligned with the orthodox left-wing of The Left, and believe that the party should only participate in <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition governments</a> if a set of minimum criteria are met, including no <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a>, no military operations, and no cuts to social welfare or the public service.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">BfV</a> classifies the AKL as an extremist association. In 2020, the AKL had 1,060 members.<sup id="cite_ref-BfV2020_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2020-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent members include <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Pfl%C3%BCger" title="Tobias Pflüger">Tobias Pflüger</a>, Cornelia Hirsch, <a href="/wiki/Ulla_Jelpke" title="Ulla Jelpke">Ulla Jelpke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Redler" title="Lucy Redler">Lucy Redler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niema_Movassat" title="Niema Movassat">Niema Movassat</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Communist_Platform_(Germany)" title="Communist Platform (Germany)">Communist Platform</a></b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Kommunistische Plattform (KPF)</span></i> </td> <td>Originally formed as a tendency of the PDS. It is less critical of German Democratic Republic than other currents and upholds <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Marxist">orthodox Marxist</a> positions.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "strategic goal" of the KPF is "building a new socialist society, using the positive experiences of <a href="/wiki/Real_socialism" title="Real socialism">real socialism</a> and to learn from mistakes".<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its primary leader was <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a>, former co-leader of the party's Bundestag faction. The BfV classifies the KPF as an extremist association. In 2020, the group had 1,122 members.<sup id="cite_ref-BfV2020_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2020-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Democratic Socialist Forum</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Forum demokratischer Sozialismus (fds)</span></i> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialist</a> group<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered part of the reformist wing of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally founded in 2002 as the <i>Forum Second Renewal</i>, it was reformed in 2007 to promote the positions of the PDS within the new Left party.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It places emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> and social progressivism, and supports cooperation with the SPD and Greens. Prominent members include <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Bartsch" title="Dietmar Bartsch">Dietmar Bartsch</a> and Luise Neuhaus-Wartenberg. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ecological Platform</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Ökologische Plattform (ÖPF)</span></i> </td> <td>A current which promotes <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">green politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">eco-socialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1994 within the PDS, it is critical of capitalism and supports <a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">degrowth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group describes itself as "a forum for all left-wing ecologists", and is expressly open to non-Left party members.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Emancipatory Left</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Emanzipatorische Linke (Ema.Li)</span></i> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialist</a> current co-founded in May 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Katja_Kipping" title="Katja Kipping">Katja Kipping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caren_Lay" title="Caren Lay">Caren Lay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julia_Bonk" title="Julia Bonk">Julia Bonk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They advocate <a href="/wiki/Radical_democracy" title="Radical democracy">radical democracy</a>, a decentralized society, and are supportive of <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ema.Li is described as holding a "middle position" between the reformist and orthodox wings of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group accepts members of other factions as well as non-party members. Besides its co-founders, prominent members include Christoph Spehr and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Helm_(voice_actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Helm (voice actress)">Anne Helm</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Gera Dialogue/Socialist Dialogue</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Geraer Dialog/Sozialistischer Dialog (GD/SD)</span></i> </td> <td>Formed in February 2003 as a reaction to the increasing influence of reform-oriented groups such as the Reform Left Network. They opposed a shift away from Marxism and what they feared as a move toward a <a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">social market economy</a> model.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, the faction is only partly recognised within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-Zus_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zus-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BfV classified GD/SD as an extremist organisation in 2018, but did not include the group in its 2020 report.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BfV2020_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2020-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Marxist Forum</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Marxistisches Forum (MF)</span></i> </td> <td>Founded in 1995 within the PDS to promote classical <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>. It is critical of the reform-oriented wings and positions of the party and is often sympathetic to the GDR. As of 2021, the faction is only partly recognised within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-Zus_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zus-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BfV classified the group as "orthodox communist" and extremist in its 2018 report, and reported that it had 400 members.<sup id="cite_ref-BfV2018_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2018-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marxist Forum did not appear in the BfV's 2020 report.<sup id="cite_ref-BfV2020_104-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2020-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Reform Left Network</b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Netzwerk Reformlinke</span></i> </td> <td>Originally formed in 2003 as a tendency within PDS promoting <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reformlinke_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reformlinke-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is closely associated with the Democratic Socialist Forum, which was formed around the same time. The Reform Left Network strongly supports involvement in coalition governments with the SPD and Greens. It includes a number of prominent Left politicians, including Bundestag Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Petra_Pau" title="Petra Pau">Petra Pau</a>, and Saxony-Anhalt branch leader Wulf Gallert, as well as <a href="/wiki/Jan_Korte_(politician)" title="Jan Korte (politician)">Jan Korte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Liebich" title="Stefan Liebich">Stefan Liebich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Halina_Wawzyniak" title="Halina Wawzyniak">Halina Wawzyniak</a>. As of 2021, the faction is no longer recognised within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-Zus_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zus-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Left_(Germany)" title="Socialist Left (Germany)">Socialist Left</a></b><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Sozialistische Linke (SL)</span></i> </td> <td>Includes <a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> leftists and <a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">reform communists</a>, and seeks to orient the party toward the <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">labour movement</a>. It is considered part of the left wing of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many leaders of the Socialist Left were formerly members of WASG, and the group models itself on the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> and the Italian <a href="/wiki/Communist_Refoundation_Party" title="Communist Refoundation Party">Communist Refoundation Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revolutionary socialist current <a href="/wiki/Linksruck" title="Linksruck">Marx21</a> organises within SL, as it does not meet the requirements to become its own caucus. The BfV classifies the current as an extremist association. In 2020, the group had 1,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-BfV2020_104-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2020-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leading members include <a href="/wiki/Janine_Wissler" title="Janine Wissler">Janine Wissler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H%C3%A4ndel" title="Thomas Händel">Thomas Händel</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Klute" title="Jürgen Klute">Jürgen Klute</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christine_Buchholz" title="Christine Buchholz">Christine Buchholz</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the recognised platforms, a number of smaller groups have aligned with The Left and its predecessors, such as the Trotskyist <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Alternative (Germany)">Socialist Alternative</a> (SAV), though the membership applications of some of its leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Redler" title="Lucy Redler">Lucy Redler</a>, were initially rejected. <i>Der Funke</i>, supporters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Marxist_Tendency" class="mw-redirect" title="International Marxist Tendency">International Marxist Tendency</a> (IMT) in Germany, pursue <a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">entryist</a> strategies in the party, while the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_(post-reunification)" title="Fourth International (post-reunification)">Fourth International</a>-affiliated <a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Organisation_(Germany)" title="International Socialist Organisation (Germany)">International Socialist Organisation</a> (ISO) also works inside The Left.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other left-wing groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">German Communist Party</a> (DKP), have formed local alliances with the party, but have not joined. The <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Solidarity_Perspectives" title="Association for Solidarity Perspectives">Association for Solidarity Perspectives</a> (VsP) also supports the party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_and_electorate">Membership and electorate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Membership and electorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Membership of The Left over time</div></div></div> <p>According to regular studies by the <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Free University of Berlin</a>, in 2021 The Left's membership comprised 17% blue-collar workers and 32% white-collar workers, similar to the SPD, while 35% were civil servants and 10% self-employed. 51% of party members held an academic degree, and 33% were organized in <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBsurvey2021_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBsurvey2021-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the merger with WASG, the voting base of PDS was an approximate cross-section of the population, favoured somewhat by more educated voters. Since the merger, The Left has become more favoured among working-class and poorer voters, which made up the core of WASG's support.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBelectorate_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBelectorate-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the mid-2010s, the party has gained significant popularity among youth. Prior to the merger, PDS had by far the highest proportion of members over 60 years of any party, at 68%, and the lowest proportion of members under 30, at just 4%. By 2021, these numbers had fallen and risen, respectively, to 40% and 23%. The Left now is tied with the FDP in proportion of members under 30.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBsurvey2021_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBsurvey2021-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two-thirds of members who joined the party between 2016 and 2018 were under 35 years of age. In the 2021 federal election, The Left was twice as popular among voters under 25 than among voters over 70.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PDS inherited 170,000 members from the SED in 1990, but suffered constant decline from that point until the merger with WASG. Upon its formation, The Left had 71,000 members, of which 11,500 had been WASG members. Over the next two years the party grew, reaching a peak of 78,000 in 2009, after which point numbers began to decline. In 2016, the party had 59,000 members. This trend temporarily reversed following the 2017 federal election, and the party gained several thousand new members for a total of 62,300 in 2019;<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, membership shrank again to 60,350 in December 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-membership_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-membership-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 2023, membership had fallen to 50,000. The secession of the Wagenknecht wing led to further losses. However, it also triggered an influx of new members: Tagesschau reported in July 2024 that 7,500 new entries had outweighed the losses and brought the total to 52,000. They also noted a generational turnover in the composition of the party: a quarter of its membership had joined in the previous two years, and this cohort disproportionately comprised young people, students, and those in large cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Tagesschau_24-07-16_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tagesschau_24-07-16-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the national party conference on 18 January 2025, the party counted 60,060 members. They made further rapid gains during the <a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">subsequent election campaign</a>: following the CDU's acceptance of AfD support for its immigration bills, The Left reported a total of 71,277 members on 3 February, the highest number since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeit-20250203_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeit-20250203-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 11 February they had surpassed their all-time peak with 81,200 members.<sup id="cite_ref-Tagesschau_11-02-25_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tagesschau_11-02-25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg/220px-Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg/330px-Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg/440px-Karte_btw_linke17z_endg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Results for the second votes by constituency in the 2017 federal election</figcaption></figure> <p>A large part of The Left's base and membership reside in the <a href="/wiki/New_states_of_Germany" title="New states of Germany">new states</a> (the former GDR). The voting base of the PDS was limited almost entirely to the east; upon its formation, the vast majority of The Left's western membership came from WASG. However, the party has grown in the west in the years since: while in <a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005</a>, the Left.PDS list won just 45.5% of its votes in the western states, this grew to 57.7% in <a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a>, and 65.4% in <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a>. Between 2016 and 2018, 72% of new party members were from the western states, 15% from the east, and 13% from Berlin. During this period, the party's membership total in the west exceeded that of the east for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-ND2018_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ND2018-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, 50% of The Left's members are from the west, 37% from the east, and 13% from Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-branchmem_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-branchmem-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this, on the state level, the party has been marginalised in the west since making several breakthroughs in 2007–2010. Since 2010, it has lost representation in the Landtags of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>. Generally growing popularity in the west has also been offset by major losses in most of its eastern heartland since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBelectorate_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBelectorate-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Left's voter demographics are skewed strongly by region. In the east, Left voters and members trend much older: in 2018, 44% of the party's members in <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> were 76 years or older.<sup id="cite_ref-ND2018_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ND2018-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, in the west, the party membership is male-dominated, with two-thirds of western members being men.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBelectorate_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBelectorate-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-branchmem_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-branchmem-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women have been well-represented amongst elected representatives from The Left. The party's <a href="/wiki/Women_in_government#Quotas" title="Women in government">gender quota</a> requires that at least half of the party's ruling bodies and representatives should be female. In 2021, the party elected two women, Janine Wissler and Susanne Hennig-Wellsow, as federal co-chairs for the first time. Female membership in the PDS was stable at around 45% during the 1990s and 2000s, far higher than any other party,<sup id="cite_ref-BPBsurvey2021_120-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBsurvey2021-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but fell to 39% post-merger in 2007 since the large majority of WASG members were male.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the party had the highest representation of women in its membership until it was overtaken by the Greens in 2012. In 2021, 37% of Left members were female, compared to 42% for the Greens and 33% for the SPD.<sup id="cite_ref-BPBsurvey2021_120-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPBsurvey2021-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2009 election, the party's Bundestag group was 52.6% female, second only to the Greens (57.4%). In 2013, this increased slightly to 54.7%, which was the highest of any group.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After both the 2017 and 2021 federal elections, The Left's group was 54% female, second to the Greens (58%).<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observation_by_Constitutional_Protection">Observation by Constitutional Protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Observation by Constitutional Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution</a> (<i>Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz</i>, abbreviated as BfV or <i>Verfassungsschutz</i>) is the German federal domestic <a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">security agency</a>, tasked with <a href="/wiki/Intelligence-gathering" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence-gathering">intelligence-gathering</a> on threats concerning the democratic order, the existence and security of the federation or one of its states. This includes monitoring and reporting on suspected <a href="/wiki/Extremist" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremist">extremist</a> groups and political parties. The <i>Verfassungsschutz</i> does not regard the party as <a href="/wiki/Extremist" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremist">extremist</a> or a threat to democracy,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but party members and groups within the party have been periodically monitored, sometimes leading to controversy. According to the 2018 report, radical factions are the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Platform_(Germany)" title="Communist Platform (Germany)">Communist Platform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Left_(Germany)" title="Socialist Left (Germany)">Socialist Left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working group</a> <i>AG Cuba Sí</i>, the Anti-capitalist Left, Marxist Forum, and Gera Dialogue/Socialist Dialogue. The <i>Verfassungsschutz</i> also monitors <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Alternative (Germany)">Socialist Alternative</a> and Marx21, which have links with the Anti-Capitalist Left and the Socialist Left, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-BfV2018_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BfV2018-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (January 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 2007 <i>Verfassungsschutz</i> report commented that in practice the parliamentary party appears as to act as a "reform-oriented" left force.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (January 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the past, The Left was under observation by all western German states. In January 2008, Saarland became the first to cease observation.<sup id="cite_ref-welt.de_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welt.de-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008, the authorities of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, and Lower Saxony considered The Left in its entirety to be extremist.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the five eastern states, The Left is not under surveillance, as state constitutional authorities see no indication of anti-constitutional tendencies in the bulk of the party; however, the Communist Platform is under observation in three eastern states.<sup id="cite_ref-Netzeitung-Juni_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netzeitung-Juni-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surveillance of party members has been a point of controversy. <a href="/wiki/Bodo_Ramelow" title="Bodo Ramelow">Bodo Ramelow</a>, a prominent Left politician in Thuringia, was under surveillance until a court ruling in January 2008 that this was illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (January 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-welt.de_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welt.de-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2012, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i></span> reported that 27 of the party's 76 Bundestag members were under surveillance, as well as 11 of the party's members of various state parliaments. This included nearly the entirety of the party's Bundestag leadership, federal co-leader <a href="/wiki/Gesine_L%C3%B6tzsch" title="Gesine Lötzsch">Gesine Lötzsch</a>, deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Halina_Wawzyniak" title="Halina Wawzyniak">Halina Wawzyniak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Bundestag" title="Presidium of the Bundestag">Vice President of the Bundestag</a> <a href="/wiki/Petra_Pau" title="Petra Pau">Petra Pau</a>. Many of those under surveillance were not associated with acknowledged extremist factions of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This surveillance was criticised by the SPD, Greens, and FDP; federal Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger" title="Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger">Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger</a> described it as "intolerable".<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court" title="Federal Constitutional Court">Federal Constitutional Court</a> deemed the surveillance of Bundestag members unconstitutional except in extraordinary circumstances, such as if the member was abusing their office to undermine the constitutional order, or otherwise actively fighting against it.<sup id="cite_ref-tagesspiegel_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagesspiegel-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federal Minister of the Interior <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a> subsequently announced that none of The Left's Bundestag members would be surveilled, even those affiliated with the factions considered extremist by the <i>Verfassungsschutz</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-tagesschau_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tagesschau-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extremism_and_populism">Extremism and populism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Extremism and populism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both media and political scientists have discussed whether The Left should be considered extremist in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckhard_Jesse:_Die_Linke,_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckhard_Jesse:_Die_Linke,-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalists from outlets including the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-5-11-14_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-5-11-14-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-18-09-09_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-18-09-09-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Euronews-20-11-14_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euronews-20-11-14-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Spiegel-19-09-13_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spiegel-19-09-13-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have described the party as <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a>, while other journalists writing for the same publications (minus <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Spiegel</i></span>) have referred to the party as left-wing.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among academics, there is a general consensus that at least some sections of the party are extremist; however, political scientist <a href="/wiki/Richard_St%C3%B6ss" title="Richard Stöss">Richard Stöss</a> states that they make up less than ten percent of the party membership – 5,000 of 62,000 members according to the BfV – and compete for resources among themselves, and there is little risk of these groups becoming dominant and exerting major influence over the party's leadership and platform.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eckhard_Jesse" title="Eckhard Jesse">Eckhard Jesse</a> states that, while The Left is far more accepting of the Basic Law than parties like the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a>, the presence of its extremist factions means the party overall represents a "soft left-wing extremism".<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political scientist <a href="/wiki/Karl-Rudolf_Korte" title="Karl-Rudolf Korte">Karl-Rudolf Korte</a> states that the party is well-integrated within the constitutional order, and "has actually rendered considerable services to German democracy" through the integration of East German protest movement into the parliamentary system. Nonetheless, he criticises the party's continued association with extremist groups.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Left has also been characterised as <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">left-wing populist</a><sup id="cite_ref-keating_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keating-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by researchers such as <a href="/wiki/Cas_Mudde" title="Cas Mudde">Cas Mudde</a><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Tilman Mayer.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Florian Hartleb states that the party is "social-populist".<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Frank Decker, the party during the leadership of Oskar Lafontaine could be described as left-wing populist.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Bundestag deputy and later party co-leader Katja Kipping stated that she believed The Left needed "a double strategy [of] social-ecological restructuring plus left-wing populism" to become attractive to voters. She elaborated: "Left-wing populism means targeting those who are marginalized in our society in a targeted and pointed manner."<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_the_SED">Association with the SED</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Association with the SED"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Left's position as the successor of the PDS and SED has made it subject to significant controversy and criticism, as well as claims that the party is sympathetic to the former GDR.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former member <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht" title="Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht</a>, who served as co-leader of the party's Bundestag group from 2015 to 2019, is well known for her controversial statements on this issue. In a 2009 interview, she rejected the characterisation of East Germany as a dictatorship or unconstitutional state (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unrechtsstaat" title="Unrechtsstaat">Unrechtsstaat</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other incidents include a walkout conducted in 2007 by the Left's delegation in the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony" title="Landtag of Saxony">Landtag of Saxony</a> during a <a href="/wiki/German_Unity_Day" title="German Unity Day">German Unity Day</a> ceremony<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in protest of the presence of <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a>, former East German pro-democracy campaigner and later <a href="/wiki/Federal_Commissioner_for_the_Stasi_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records">Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records</a>, who was the keynote speaker at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left's state leader André Hahn claimed that Gauck did not deliver an "appropriate or balanced speech", arguing he had "an absolutely one-sided view of the GDR."<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Parliament_(Bundestag)"><span id="Federal_Parliament_.28Bundestag.29"></span>Federal Parliament (<i>Bundestag</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Federal Parliament (Bundestag)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th colspan="2">Constituency </th> <th colspan="2">Party list </th> <th rowspan="2">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">+/– </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a> </th> <td>4,791,124 </td> <td>11.1 (#3) </td> <td>5,155,933 </td> <td>11.9 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">76 / 622</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013</a> </th> <td>3,585,178 </td> <td>8.2 (#3) </td> <td>3,755,699 </td> <td>8.6 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">64 / 631</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a> </th> <td>3,966,035 </td> <td>8.6 (#4) </td> <td>4,296,762 </td> <td>9.2 (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 709</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021</a> </th> <td>2,306,755 </td> <td>5.0 (#7) </td> <td>2,269,993 </td> <td>4.9 (#7) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">39 / 735</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>List leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">2009</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Bisky" title="Lothar Bisky">Lothar Bisky</a> </td> <td>1,968,325 </td> <td>7.48 (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 99</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_-_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL">The Left - GUE/NGL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabi_Zimmer" title="Gabi Zimmer">Gabi Zimmer</a> </td> <td>2,167,641 </td> <td>7.39 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 96</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">2019</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schirdewan" title="Martin Schirdewan">Martin Schirdewan</a> </td> <td>2,056,010 </td> <td>5.50 (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 96</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">2024</a> </th> <td>1,091,268 </td> <td>2.74 (#8) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 96</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Parliaments_(Länder)"><span id="State_Parliaments_.28L.C3.A4nder.29"></span>State Parliaments (<i>Länder</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: State Parliaments (Länder)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>State parliament </th> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2021 Baden-Württemberg state election">2021</a> </td> <td>173,295 </td> <td>3.6 (#6) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavaria" title="Landtag of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2023_Bavarian_state_election" title="2023 Bavarian state election">2023</a> </td> <td>200,795 </td> <td>1.5 (#7) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 203</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Abgeordnetenhaus_of_Berlin" title="Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin">Berlin</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2023_Berlin_repeat_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Berlin repeat state election">2023</a> </td> <td>184,954 </td> <td>12.2 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2024_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2024 Brandenburg state election">2024</a> </td> <td>44,692 </td> <td>3.0 (#6) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;"><span class="nowrap">No seats</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerschaft_of_Bremen" title="Bürgerschaft of Bremen">Bremen</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2023_Bremen_state_election" title="2023 Bremen state election">2023</a> </td> <td>137,676 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">10.9 (#4)</span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">SPD–Greens–Left </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Parliament" title="Hamburg Parliament">Hamburg</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2020_Hamburg_state_election" title="2020 Hamburg state election">2020</a> </td> <td>364,102 </td> <td>9.1 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 123</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Hesse" title="Landtag of Hesse">Hesse</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2023_Hessian_state_election" title="2023 Hessian state election">2023</a> </td> <td>86,821 </td> <td>3.1 (#7) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 133</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;"><span class="nowrap">No seats</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Landtag of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2022_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2022 Lower Saxony state election">2022</a> </td> <td>98,585 </td> <td>2.7 (#6) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 146</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;"><span class="nowrap">No seats</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"><span class="nowrap">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</span></a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2021_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">2021</a> </td> <td>90,865 </td> <td>9.9 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 79</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">SPD–Left </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia"><span class="nowrap">North Rhine-Westphalia</span></a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2022</a> </td> <td>146,634 </td> <td>2.1 (#6) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 195</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2021_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2021 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">2021</a> </td> <td>48,210 </td> <td>2.5 (#7) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 101</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_the_Saarland" class="mw-redirect" title="Landtag of the Saarland">Saarland</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2022_Saarland_state_election" title="2022 Saarland state election">2022</a> </td> <td>11,689 </td> <td>2.6 (#6) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_the_Free_State_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Landtag of the Free State of Saxony">Saxony</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2024_Saxony_state_election" title="2024 Saxony state election">2024</a> </td> <td>104,888 </td> <td>4.5 (#6) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 119</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9</span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2021_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="2021 Saxony-Anhalt state election">2021</a> </td> <td>116,927 </td> <td>11.0 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 97</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2022_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2022 Schleswig-Holstein state election">2022</a> </td> <td>23,035 </td> <td>1.7 (#7) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 69</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Thuringia" title="Landtag of Thuringia">Thuringia</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2024_Thuringian_state_election" title="2024 Thuringian state election">2024</a> </td> <td>157,641 </td> <td>13.1 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><b>Best historic results for state parties</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Seats / Total </th> <th>% </th> <th>Position/Gov. </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Lead Candidate </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3.6 (#6) </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2021 Baden-Württemberg state election">2021</a> </td> <td>Sahra Mirow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavaria" title="Landtag of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 187</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>4.4 (#6) </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2008_Bavarian_state_election" title="2008 Bavarian state election">2008</a> </td> <td>Fritz Schmalzbauer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abgeordnetenhaus_of_Berlin" title="Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin">Berlin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 141</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>22.6 (#3) </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">SPD–PDS </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2001_Berlin_state_election" title="2001 Berlin state election">2001</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(as <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a> (Deputy Governing Mayor 2002) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>27.2 (#2) </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">SPD–The Left </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2009_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2009 Brandenburg state election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerstin_Kaiser" title="Kerstin Kaiser">Kerstin Kaiser</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerschaft_of_Bremen" title="Bürgerschaft of Bremen">Bremen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 84</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>11.3 (#4) </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">SPD–Greens–Left </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Bremen_state_election" title="2019 Bremen state election">2019</a> </td> <td>Kristina Vogt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Parliament" title="Hamburg Parliament">Hamburg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 123</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>9.1 (#4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_Hamburg_state_election" title="2020 Hamburg state election">2020</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cansu_%C3%96zdemir" title="Cansu Özdemir">Cansu Özdemir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Hesse" title="Landtag of Hesse">Hesse</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 137</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>6.3 (#6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2018_Hessian_state_election" title="2018 Hessian state election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janine_Wissler" title="Janine Wissler">Janine Wissler</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jan_Schalauske" title="Jan Schalauske">Jan Schalauske</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Landtag of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 152</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>7.1 (#5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2008_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2008 Lower Saxony state election">2008</a> </td> <td>Kreszentia Flauger </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"><span class="nowrap">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 71</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>24.4 (#3) </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">SPD–PDS </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1998_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="1998 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">1998</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(as <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Holter" title="Helmut Holter">Helmut Holter</a> (Deputy Minister-President 1998–2002) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia"><span class="nowrap">North Rhine-Westphalia</span></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 181</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>5.6 (#5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2010_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2010 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2010</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_Beuermann" title="Bärbel Beuermann">Bärbel Beuermann</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 101</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3,0 (#5) </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ddd;">No seats </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2011_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2011 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">2011</a> </td> <td>Robert Drumm<br />Tanja Krauth </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_the_Saarland" class="mw-redirect" title="Landtag of the Saarland">Saarland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>21.3 (#3) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Opposition Leader </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2009_Saarland_state_election" title="2009 Saarland state election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_the_Free_State_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Landtag of the Free State of Saxony">Saxony</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 124</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>23.6 (#2) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Opposition Leader </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2004_Saxony_state_election" title="2004 Saxony state election">2004</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(as <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Porsch" title="Peter Porsch">Peter Porsch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 116</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF0000; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>19.6 (#3) </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">SPD minority<br /><small><i>with PDS confidence and supply</i></small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1998_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="1998 Saxony-Anhalt state election">1998</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(as <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petra_Sitte" title="Petra Sitte">Petra Sitte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 95</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>6.0 (#5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2009_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2009 Schleswig-Holstein state election">2009</a> </td> <td>Antje Jansen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Thuringia" title="Landtag of Thuringia">Thuringia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>31.0 (#1) </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Left–SPD–Greens minority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Thuringian_state_election" title="2019 Thuringian state election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Ramelow" title="Bodo Ramelow">Bodo Ramelow</a> (Minister-President 2014–2020, 2020–2024) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_results_timeline">State results timeline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: State results timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center;">State parliaments</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Baden-Württemberg</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2011 Baden-Württemberg state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>139,700 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2016 Baden-Württemberg state election">2016</a></b> </th> <td>156,211 </td> <td>2.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2021 Baden-Württemberg state election">2021</a></b> </th> <td>173,317 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Bavaria</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Bavaria_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Bavaria state election">2008</a></b> </th> <td>461,755 </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 187</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2013_Bavaria_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Bavaria state election">2013</a></b> </th> <td>251,097 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Bavaria_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Bavaria state election">2018</a></b> </th> <td>435,949 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 205</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2023_Bavaria_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Bavaria state election">2023</a></b> </th> <td>200,878 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 203</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Berlin</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Berlin_state_election" title="2006 Berlin state election">2006</a></b> </th> <td>225,689 </td> <td>16.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 141</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Berlin_state_election" title="2011 Berlin state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>170,829 </td> <td>11.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 152</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_state_election" title="2016 Berlin state election">2016</a></b> </th> <td>255,740 </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 160</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2021_Berlin_state_election" title="2021 Berlin state election">2021</a></b> </th> <td>255,231 </td> <td>14.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 160</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Brandenburg</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2009 Brandenburg state election">2009</a></b> </th> <td>377,084 </td> <td>27.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2014 Brandenburg state election">2014</a></b> </th> <td>183,172 </td> <td>18.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2019 Brandenburg state election">2019</a></b> </th> <td>135,572 </td> <td>10.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2024_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2024 Brandenburg state election">2024</a></b> </th> <td>44,692 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Bremen</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2007_Bremen_state_election" title="2007 Bremen state election">2007</a></b> </th> <td>23,282 </td> <td>8.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 83</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Bremen_state_election" title="2011 Bremen state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>73,769 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 83</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2015_Bremen_state_election" title="2015 Bremen state election">2015</a></b> </th> <td>115,385 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 83</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Bremen_state_election" title="2019 Bremen state election">2019</a></b> </th> <td>166,378 </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 84</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2023_Bremen_state_election" title="2023 Bremen state election">2023</a></b> </th> <td>137,676 </td> <td>10.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 84</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Hamburg</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Hamburg_state_election" title="2008 Hamburg state election">2008</a></b> </th> <td>50,173 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Hamburg_state_election" title="2011 Hamburg state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>220,428* </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2015_Hamburg_state_election" title="2015 Hamburg state election">2015</a></b> </th> <td>300,567* </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2020_Hamburg_state_election" title="2020 Hamburg state election">2020</a></b> </th> <td>364,102* </td> <td>9.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><small><i>*) five votes per voter</i></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Hesse</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Hessian_state_election" title="2008 Hessian state election">2008</a></b> </th> <td>140,769 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 110</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Hessian_state_election" title="2009 Hessian state election">2009</a></b> </th> <td>139,074 </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 118</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2013_Hessian_state_election" title="2013 Hessian state election">2013</a></b> </th> <td>161,488 </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 110</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Hessian_state_election" title="2018 Hessian state election">2018</a></b> </th> <td>181,263 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 137</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2023_Hessian_state_election" title="2023 Hessian state election">2023</a></b> </th> <td>86,842 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 133</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="2006 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">2006</a></b> </th> <td>141,534 </td> <td>17.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 71</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="2011 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>125,528 </td> <td>18.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 71</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="2016 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">2016</a></b> </th> <td>106,259 </td> <td>13.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 71</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2021_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" title="2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">2021</a></b> </th> <td>90,865 </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 79</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Lower Saxony</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2008 Lower Saxony state election">2008</a></b> </th> <td>243,361 </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 152</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2013_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2013 Lower Saxony state election">2013</a></b> </th> <td>110,525 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 137</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2017 Lower Saxony state election">2017</a></b> </th> <td>177,118 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 137</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Lower_Saxony_state_election" title="2022 Lower Saxony state election">2022</a></b> </th> <td>98,585 </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 146</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>North Rhine-Westphalia</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2005_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2005 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2005</a></b> </th> <td>254,977 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 187</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2010_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2010 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2010</a></b> </th> <td>435,627 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 181</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2012_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2012 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2012</a></b> </th> <td>194,428 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 237</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2017_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2017</a></b> </th> <td>415,936 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 199</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2022</a></b> </th> <td>146,634 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 195</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Rhineland-Palatinate</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2006 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">2006</a></b> </th> <td>44,826 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 101</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2011 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>56,054 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 101</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2016 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">2016</a></b> </th> <td>60,074 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2021_Rhineland-Palatinate_state_election" title="2021 Rhineland-Palatinate state election">2021</a></b> </th> <td>48,210 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Saarland</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Saarland_state_election" title="2009 Saarland state election">2009</a></b> </th> <td>113,660 </td> <td>21.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2012_Saarland_state_election" title="2012 Saarland state election">2012</a></b> </th> <td>77,612 </td> <td>16.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Saarland_state_election" title="2017 Saarland state election">2017</a></b> </th> <td>68,566 </td> <td>12.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Saarland_state_election" title="2022 Saarland state election">2022</a></b> </th> <td>11,689 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 51</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Saxony</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Saxony_state_election" title="2009 Saxony state election">2009</a></b> </th> <td>370,359 </td> <td>20.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 132</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Saxony_state_election" title="2014 Saxony state election">2014</a></b> </th> <td>309,568 </td> <td>18.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 126</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Saxony_state_election" title="2019 Saxony state election">2019</a></b> </th> <td>224,411 </td> <td>10.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 119</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2024_Saxony_state_election" title="2024 Saxony state election">2024</a></b> </th> <td>104,891 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Saxony-Anhalt</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="2006 Saxony-Anhalt state election">2006</a></b> </th> <td>217,295 </td> <td>24.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 97</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="2011 Saxony-Anhalt state election">2011</a></b> </th> <td>235,011 </td> <td>23.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 105</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="2016 Saxony-Anhalt state election">2016</a></b> </th> <td>183,296 </td> <td>16.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2021_Saxony-Anhalt_state_election" title="2021 Saxony-Anhalt state election">2021</a></b> </th> <td>116,927 </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 97</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Schleswig-Holstein</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2009 Schleswig-Holstein state election">2009</a></b> </th> <td>95,764 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 95</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2012_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2012 Schleswig-Holstein state election">2012</a></b> </th> <td>29,900 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 69</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2017 Schleswig-Holstein state election">2017</a></b> </th> <td>56,018 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 73</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Schleswig-Holstein_state_election" title="2022 Schleswig-Holstein state election">2022</a></b> </th> <td>23,054 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 69</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Thuringia</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Thuringia_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Thuringia state election">2009</a></b> </th> <td>288,932 </td> <td>27.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Thuringian_state_election" title="2014 Thuringian state election">2014</a></b> </th> <td>265,425 </td> <td>28.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 91</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Thuringian_state_election" title="2019 Thuringian state election">2019</a></b> </th> <td>343,738 </td> <td>31.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2024_Thuringian_state_election" title="2024 Thuringian state election">2023</a></b> </th> <td>157,641 </td> <td>31.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 88</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #BE3075; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_timeline">Results timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Results timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party </th> <th>Year </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">DE</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">BW</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria"><img alt="Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">BY</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">BE</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg"><img alt="Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">BB</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)"><img alt="Bremen (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">HB</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg"><img alt="Hamburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">HH</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse"><img alt="Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">HE</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony"><img alt="Lower Saxony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">NI</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"><img alt="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">MV</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">NW</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate"><img alt="Rhineland-Palatinate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">RP</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland"><img alt="Saarland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">SL</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony"><img alt="Saxony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">SN</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt"><img alt="Saxony-Anhalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">ST</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein"><img alt="Schleswig-Holstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">SH</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia"><img alt="Thuringia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">TH</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">PDS</a> </th> <th>1990 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">2.4 </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="35" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">9.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">13.4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">15.7 </td> <td rowspan="5"> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">10.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">12.0 </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">9.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1991 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1992 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1993 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1994 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.4 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">4.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22.7 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19.9 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1995 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">2.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="border-top-style:hidden"><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1996 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1997 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1998 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">0.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>24.4</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1999 </th> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.8 </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.7 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.3 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">0.8 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22.2 </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="border-top-style:hidden"><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2000 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">1.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2001 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>22.6</b> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2002 </th> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2003 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.7 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2004 </th> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>28.0</b> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.3 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>23.6</b> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="#PDS–WASG_alliance">The Left.PDS</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">WASG</a> </th> <th>2005 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.7 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2006 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">3.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.4 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.8 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>24.1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="18">The Left </th> <th>2007 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2008 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><b>4.4</b> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">6.4 </td> <td rowspan="1" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top">5.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>7.1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2009 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>11.9</b> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>7.5</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.4 </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>21.3</b> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>6.0</b> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2010 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>5.6</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2011 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.8 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.4 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.4 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>3.0</b> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2012 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.5 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2013 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2014 </th> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.4 </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#D66C9F" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2015 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.5 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#D66C9F" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2016 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.2 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.8 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2017 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.9 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.8 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2018 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.2 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>6.3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2019 </th> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.5 </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>11.3</b> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.4 </td> <td bgcolor="#D66C9F" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>31.0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2020 </th> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>9.1</b> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#D66C9F" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2021 </th> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>3.6</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.0<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2022 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7 </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="border-top-style:hidden"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.1 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2023 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.5 </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.2 </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E29FBF" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.9<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2024 </th> <td bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#E8CAD8" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Party </th> <th>Year </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">DE</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">BW</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria"><img alt="Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">BY</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">BE</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg"><img alt="Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">BB</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)"><img alt="Bremen (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">HB</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg"><img alt="Hamburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">HH</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse"><img alt="Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">HE</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony"><img alt="Lower Saxony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">NI</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"><img alt="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">MV</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">NW</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate"><img alt="Rhineland-Palatinate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">RP</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland"><img alt="Saarland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">SL</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony"><img alt="Saxony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">SN</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt"><img alt="Saxony-Anhalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">ST</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein"><img alt="Schleswig-Holstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">SH</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia"><img alt="Thuringia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">TH</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" align="left"><b>Bold</b> indicates best result to date.<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4C2D3; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Present in legislature (in opposition)<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E29FBF; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Junior coalition partner<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D66C9F; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Senior coalition partner </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">List of political parties in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">The Ministry for State Security (Stasi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_of_the_KPD_and_SPD" title="Merger of the KPD and SPD">Merger of the KPD and SPD</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in the party logo and flag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used by the German government in their parliamentary diagrams.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tolerating an SPD–Green <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tolerating an SPD <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tagesschau_11-02-25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tagesschau_11-02-25_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tagesschau_11-02-25_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bundestagswahl/linke-parteimitglieder-100.html">"Left reports record membership"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tagesschau_(German_TV_programme)" title="Tagesschau (German TV programme)">Tagesschau</a></i> (in German). 11 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tagesschau&rft.atitle=Left+reports+record+membership&rft.date=2025-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Fbundestagswahl%2Flinke-parteimitglieder-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaphaël_Fèvre2021" class="citation book cs1">Raphaël Fèvre, ed. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hfhQEAAAQBAJ"><i>A Political Economy of Power: Ordoliberalism in Context, 1932-1950</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hfhQEAAAQBAJ&dq=left-wing+die+linke+far-right&pg=PA2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-197-60780-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-197-60780-0"><bdi>978-0-197-60780-0</bdi></a>. <q>This reference to ordoliberalism has also resonated across the wide spectrum of German politics— albeit in a spirit of opposition to the CDU— from left-wing party leaders of Die Linke to the far-right of Alternative für Deutschland</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Political+Economy+of+Power%3A+Ordoliberalism+in+Context%2C+1932-1950&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-197-60780-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhfhQEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150408224928/http://wahl.tagesschau.de/wahlen/2013-09-22-BT-DE/index.shtml">"Bundestagswahl 2013"</a>. <i>Bundestagswahl 2021</i> (in German). 9 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wahl.tagesschau.de/wahlen/2013-09-22-BT-DE/index.shtml">the original</a> on 8 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundestagswahl+2021&rft.atitle=Bundestagswahl+2013&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwahl.tagesschau.de%2Fwahlen%2F2013-09-22-BT-DE%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse.html">"Bundestagswahl 2021"</a>. <i>Bundeswahlleiter</i> (in German). Federal Returning Officer. 15 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundeswahlleiter&rft.atitle=Bundestagswahl+2021&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswahlleiter.de%2Fbundestagswahlen%2F2021%2Fergebnisse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tangian2013-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tangian2013_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTangian2013" class="citation book cs1">Tangian, Andranik (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=soLEBAAAQBAJ"><i>Mathematical Theory of Democracy</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Members+and+Activists&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft.isbn=9781317524328&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXGChCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwig_Greven2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ludwig Greven (29 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2010-06/gauck-linkspartei">"Präsidentenwahl: Linke, wählt Gauck!"</a> [presidential election: Left, choose Gauck!] (in German). 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Oder doch Lukrezia?"</a>. <i>Der Tagesspiegel Online</i>. Tagesspiegel.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Tagesschau%3A+Luc+Jochimsen%3F+Oder+doch+Lukrezia%3F&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.au=von+Markus+Ehrenberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fmedien%2Ftagesschau-luc-jochimsen-oder-doch-lukrezia%2F1854908.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPON-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPON_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPON_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,703975,00.html">Streit über Präsidentenwahl: Linke verteidigt Anti-Gauck-Kurs</a>, Spiegel Online, 1 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/bundespraesident-gabriel-lafontaine-kritik-an-gauck-peinlich_aid_520195.html">"Bundespräsident: Gabriel: Lafontaine-Kritik an Gauck peinlich"</a>. 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März gewählt werden - Linke erwägt eigene Nominierung"</a>. Tagesspiegel.de. 20 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bundesversammlung%3A+Gauck+soll+am+18.+M%C3%A4rz+gew%C3%A4hlt+werden+-+Linke+erw%C3%A4gt+eigene+Nominierung&rft.pub=Tagesspiegel.de&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fgauck-als-wulff-nachfolger-linke-schimpft-ueber-kandidat-der-kalten-herzen%2F6232216.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/bundespraesident/gabriel-greift-linke-an-viele-linke-finden-stasi-aufklaerung-unanstaendig-_aid_718073.html">"Gabriel greift Linke an: Betonköpfe, die Stasi-Aufklärung unanständig finden"</a>. <i>Focus</i>. 26 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus&rft.atitle=Gabriel+greift+Linke+an%3A+Betonk%C3%B6pfe%2C+die+Stasi-Aufkl%C3%A4rung+unanst%C3%A4ndig+finden&rft.date=2012-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fbundespraesident%2Fgabriel-greift-linke-an-viele-linke-finden-stasi-aufklaerung-unanstaendig-_aid_718073.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.n24.de/news/newsitem_7703457.html">"Gabriel: Linke lehnt Gauck wegen Sympathie für DDR ab"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a></i>. 26 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agence+France-Presse&rft.atitle=Gabriel%3A+Linke+lehnt+Gauck+wegen+Sympathie+f%C3%BCr+DDR+ab&rft.date=2012-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.n24.de%2Fnews%2Fnewsitem_7703457.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/loetzsch158.html">"Linkspartei diskutiert über Lötzsch-Nachfolge"</a>. tagesschau.de. 13 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linkspartei+diskutiert+%C3%BCber+L%C3%B6tzsch-Nachfolge&rft.pub=tagesschau.de&rft.date=2012-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Floetzsch158.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/katja-kipping-ist-neue-linken-chefin-a-836667.html">"Kipping und Riexinger führen tief zerstrittene Linke"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>. 2 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kipping+und+Riexinger+f%C3%BChren+tief+zerstrittene+Linke&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2012-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fkatja-kipping-ist-neue-linken-chefin-a-836667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925024908/http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_13/ergebnisse/bundesergebnisse/index.html">"Final result of the Election to the German Bundestag 2013"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Returning_Officer" title="Federal Returning Officer">Federal Returning Officer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/BTW_BUND_13/ergebnisse/bundesergebnisse/index.html">the original</a> on 25 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Federal+Returning+Officer&rft.atitle=Final+result+of+the+Election+to+the+German+Bundestag+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswahlleiter.de%2Fen%2Fbundestagswahlen%2FBTW_BUND_13%2Fergebnisse%2Fbundesergebnisse%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parteitag2018-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parteitag2018_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article177265132/Parteitag-in-Leipzig-Kipping-und-Riexinger-als-Linken-Vorsitzende-wiedergewaehlt.html">"Kipping und Riexinger als Linken-Vorsitzende wiedergewählt"</a>. <i>Die Welt</i>. 9 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Kipping+und+Riexinger+als+Linken-Vorsitzende+wiedergew%C3%A4hlt&rft.date=2018-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Farticle177265132%2FParteitag-in-Leipzig-Kipping-und-Riexinger-als-Linken-Vorsitzende-wiedergewaehlt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-both-leaders-of-socialist-left-party-to-quit/a-54752073">"Germany: Both leaders of socialist Left Party to quit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 29 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+Both+leaders+of+socialist+Left+Party+to+quit&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2020-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermany-both-leaders-of-socialist-left-party-to-quit%2Fa-54752073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteistruktur/parteitag/erfurter-parteitag-2020">"Erfurt Party Congress 2020"</a>. The Left.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erfurt+Party+Congress+2020&rft.pub=The+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteistruktur%2Fparteitag%2Ferfurter-parteitag-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/die-linke-parteitag-findet-komplett-digital-statt-a-9c9d66ae-bae3-4cf0-a71a-cfc793a0df4f">"The Left Party Congress will take place completely digitally"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>. 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Left+Party+Congress+will+take+place+completely+digitally&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2021-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fdie-linke-parteitag-findet-komplett-digital-statt-a-9c9d66ae-bae3-4cf0-a71a-cfc793a0df4f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WisHen-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WisHen_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/die-linke-waehlt-janine-wissler-und-susanne-hennig-wellsow-als-fuehrungsduo-a-7050f423-de0f-4f19-8d7a-9af7a38d7ad8">"Janine Wissler and Susanne Hennig-Wellsow are the new chairwomen of the Left"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>. 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Janine+Wissler+and+Susanne+Hennig-Wellsow+are+the+new+chairwomen+of+the+Left&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2021-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fdie-linke-waehlt-janine-wissler-und-susanne-hennig-wellsow-als-fuehrungsduo-a-7050f423-de0f-4f19-8d7a-9af7a38d7ad8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick2021" class="citation web cs1">Chadwick, Lauren (23 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/09/23/germany-s-far-left-party-eager-to-join-coalition-while-others-steer-clear">"German far-left party eager to join coalition while others steer clear"</a>. <i>Euronews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+German+%27traffic+light%27+coalition+seen+as+most+likely&rft.date=2021-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgerman-traffic-light-coalition-seen-most-likely-2021-09-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2021/12/berlin-linke-koalitionsvertrag-entscheidung-koalition-rot-gruen-rot.html">"Berlin Left votes for red-green-red coalition agreement"</a>. <i>RBB24</i> (in German). 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBB24&rft.atitle=Berlin+Left+votes+for+red-green-red+coalition+agreement&rft.date=2021-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fpolitik%2Fbeitrag%2F2021%2F12%2Fberlin-linke-koalitionsvertrag-entscheidung-koalition-rot-gruen-rot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/mecklenburg-vorpommern/SPD-und-Linke-unterzeichnen-Koalitionsvertrag-,koalitionmv154.html">"SPD and Left sign coalition agreement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">Norddeutscher Rundfunk</a></i> (in German). 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norddeutscher+Rundfunk&rft.atitle=SPD+and+Left+sign+coalition+agreement&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndr.de%2Fnachrichten%2Fmecklenburg-vorpommern%2FSPD-und-Linke-unterzeichnen-Koalitionsvertrag-%2Ckoalitionmv154.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reel-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reel_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/mecklenburg-vorpommern/Jetzt-live-Schwesig-als-Ministerpraesidentin-von-MV-wiedergewaehlt,koalitionmv156.html">"Schwesig is re-elected as Minister-President of MV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">Norddeutscher Rundfunk</a></i> (in German). 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norddeutscher+Rundfunk&rft.atitle=Schwesig+is+re-elected+as+Minister-President+of+MV&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndr.de%2Fnachrichten%2Fmecklenburg-vorpommern%2FJetzt-live-Schwesig-als-Ministerpraesidentin-von-MV-wiedergewaehlt%2Ckoalitionmv156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/28/olaf-scholz-spd-major-win-saarland-state-election-centre-left">"Olaf Scholz's SPD secures major win in Saarland state election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 28 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Olaf+Scholz%27s+SPD+secures+major+win+in+Saarland+state+election&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fmar%2F28%2Folaf-scholz-spd-major-win-saarland-state-election-centre-left&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThaler2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thaler, Claudia (20 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2022-04/hennig-wellsow-tritt-als-parteivorsitzende-der-linkspartei-zurueck">"Hennig-Wellsow resigns as chair of the Left Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Zeit&rft.atitle=Hennig-Wellsow+resigns+as+chair+of+the+Left+Party&rft.date=2022-04-20&rft.aulast=Thaler&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2F2022-04%2Fhennig-wellsow-tritt-als-parteivorsitzende-der-linkspartei-zurueck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merkur.de/politik/die-linke-raeumt-grosse-niederlage-in-schleswig-holstein-ein-91532131.html">"The Left concedes a "great defeat" in Schleswig-Holstein"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merkur" title="Merkur">Merkur</a></i> (in German). 9 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merkur&rft.atitle=The+Left+concedes+a+%22great+defeat%22+in+Schleswig-Holstein&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merkur.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdie-linke-raeumt-grosse-niederlage-in-schleswig-holstein-ein-91532131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/german-state-elections-populism-decline-north-rhine-westphalia">"German state elections show populism in decline on left and right"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 16 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=German+state+elections+show+populism+in+decline+on+left+and+right&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fmay%2F16%2Fgerman-state-elections-populism-decline-north-rhine-westphalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verge-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Verge_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verge_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/19/germanys-die-linke-on-verge-of-split-over-sanctions-on-russia">"Germany's Die Linke on verge of split over sanctions on Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 19 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Die+Linke+on+verge+of+split+over+sanctions+on+Russia&rft.date=2022-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fsep%2F19%2Fgermanys-die-linke-on-verge-of-split-over-sanctions-on-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/janine-wissler-die-linke-bundesvorsitzende-100.html">"Wissler and Schirdewan new party leaders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></i> (in German). 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDF&rft.atitle=Wissler+and+Schirdewan+new+party+leaders&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdf.de%2Fnachrichten%2Fpolitik%2Fjanine-wissler-die-linke-bundesvorsitzende-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/linke-hunderte-parteiaustritte-nach-aeusserung-von-sahra-wagenknecht-a-d5a16acc-91ea-49d3-8edf-5b63a50e91c7">"The Left: Hundreds of party resignations after statements by Sahra Wagenknecht"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i> (in German). 13 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=The+Left%3A+Hundreds+of+party+resignations+after+statements+by+Sahra+Wagenknecht&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Flinke-hunderte-parteiaustritte-nach-aeusserung-von-sahra-wagenknecht-a-d5a16acc-91ea-49d3-8edf-5b63a50e91c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/linke-finanzexperte-fabio-de-masi-verlaesst-die-partei-a-1fafbee3-ad4f-43e2-a77e-1d2a1f402720">"Left: finance expert Fabio De Masi leaves the party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i> (in German). 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Left%3A+finance+expert+Fabio+De+Masi+leaves+the+party&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Flinke-finanzexperte-fabio-de-masi-verlaesst-die-partei-a-1fafbee3-ad4f-43e2-a77e-1d2a1f402720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-conservatives-projected-to-win-repeated-vote/a-64680065">"Berlin: Conservatives projected to win repeated vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 13 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Berlin%3A+Conservatives+projected+to+win+repeated+vote&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlin-conservatives-projected-to-win-repeated-vote%2Fa-64680065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/bremen-election-may-boost-scholzs-slumping-social-democrats-2023-05-14/">"Scholz's Social Democrats win Bremen state vote, Greens slump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 15 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Scholz%27s+Social+Democrats+win+Bremen+state+vote%2C+Greens+slump&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbremen-election-may-boost-scholzs-slumping-social-democrats-2023-05-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-scholz-coalition-battered-in-bavaria-hesse-elections/a-67037370">"Germany: Scholz coalition battered in Bavaria, Hesse polls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Germany%3A+Scholz+coalition+battered+in+Bavaria%2C+Hesse+polls&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermany-scholz-coalition-battered-in-bavaria-hesse-elections%2Fa-67037370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/23/german-politician-sahra-wagenknecht-leaves-die-linke-to-set-up-new-party">"German firebrand politician quits far-left Die Linke to set up her own party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=German+firebrand+politician+quits+far-left+Die+Linke+to+set+up+her+own+party&rft.date=2023-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F23%2Fgerman-politician-sahra-wagenknecht-leaves-die-linke-to-set-up-new-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/germany-left-party-wagenknecht-parliament-4d7e77f971ecdcd926f2267ae76acc29">"Germany's opposition Left Party to dissolve caucus after prominent member launches rival venture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. 14 November 2023.</cite><span 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Center-left parties, such as the SPD, BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN, and DIE LINKE, are believed to be more open to IO candidates than political parties further on the center-right of the political spectrum ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+German+Parties+Select+Candidates+of+Immigrant+Origin%3A+Neutrality%2C+Opening+Or+Closure%3F&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9783030594510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVnkGEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcentre-left%2Bdie%2Blinke%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30342441">"Die Linke triumph: Mixed reaction as German far-left gains power"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Die+Linke+triumph%3A+Mixed+reaction+as+German+far-left+gains+power&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30342441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2014/11/20/far-left-die-linke-take-charge-of-german-region/">"Far-left Die Linke take charge of German region"</a>. 20 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Far-left+Die+Linke+take+charge+of+German+region&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2014%2F11%2F20%2Ffar-left-die-linke-take-charge-of-german-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/17/german-elections-die-linke-party">"Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 17 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Die+Linke+party+wins+German+votes+by+standing+out+from+crowd&rft.date=2009-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fsep%2F17%2Fgerman-elections-die-linke-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2013" class="citation news cs1">Hawley, Charles (19 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-left-party-strong-but-shunned-by-mainstream-a-922870.html">"German Left Party Strong But Shunned by Mainstream"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=German+Left+Party+Strong+But+Shunned+by+Mainstream&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Fgerman-left-party-strong-but-shunned-by-mainstream-a-922870.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keating-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keating_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keating_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_KeatingDavid_McCrone2013" class="citation book cs1">Michael Keating; David McCrone, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niemiecka+partia+Lewica%3A+Ukraina+nie+powinna+dostawa%C4%87+pieni%C4%99dzy+od+UE%2C+dop%C3%B3ki+rz%C4%85dz%C4%85+ni%C4%85+faszy%C5%9Bci&rft.pub=wiadomosci.gazeta.pl&rft.date=2014-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.gazeta.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2F1%2C114881%2C15940883%2CNiemiecka_partia_Lewica__Ukraina_nie_powinna_dostawac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeisner2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meisner, Matthias (20 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/wolfgang-gehrcke-und-andrej-hunko-in-der-ostukraine-linken-abgeordnete-auf-abenteuertour-im-kriegsgebiet/11400156.html">"Linken-Abgeordnete auf Abenteuertour im Kriegsgebiet"</a>. <i>Der Tagesspiegel Online</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Linken-Abgeordnete+auf+Abenteuertour+im+Kriegsgebiet&rft.date=2015-02-20&rft.aulast=Meisner&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fwolfgang-gehrcke-und-andrej-hunko-in-der-ostukraine-linken-abgeordnete-auf-abenteuertour-im-kriegsgebiet%2F11400156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKastner2023" class="citation news cs1">Kastner, Jens (20 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-finds-unlikely-allies-in-Germany-s-far-right-and-far-left">"China finds unlikely allies in Germany's far right and far left"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Asia" title="Nikkei Asia">Nikkei Asia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=China+finds+unlikely+allies+in+Germany%27s+far+right+and+far+left&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft.aulast=Kastner&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics%2FInternational-relations%2FChina-finds-unlikely-allies-in-Germany-s-far-right-and-far-left&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteistruktur/kommissionen/">"Kommissionen"</a>. The Left.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kommissionen&rft.pub=The+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteistruktur%2Fkommissionen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BPBorganisation-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BPBorganisation_91-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpb.de/politik/grundfragen/parteien-in-deutschland/die-linke/42135/organisation">"The organization of the LEFT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_Civic_Education" title="Federal Agency for Civic Education">Federal Agency for Civic Education</a></i> (in German). 5 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Agency+for+Civic+Education&rft.atitle=The+organization+of+the+LEFT&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpb.de%2Fpolitik%2Fgrundfragen%2Fparteien-in-deutschland%2Fdie-linke%2F42135%2Forganisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.die-linke.de/party/party-congress/">"Party Congress"</a>. The Left.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Congress&rft.pub=The+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.die-linke.de%2Fparty%2Fparty-congress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/linkspartei-wissler-kandidaten-vorsitz-pellmann-100.html">"Early elections at the Left Party: Who is running for party leadership?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandfunk" title="Deutschlandfunk">Deutschlandfunk</a></i> (in German). 25 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutschlandfunk&rft.atitle=Early+elections+at+the+Left+Party%3A+Who+is+running+for+party+leadership%3F&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschlandfunk.de%2Flinkspartei-wissler-kandidaten-vorsitz-pellmann-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zus-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zus_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zus_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zus_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zus_94-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zus_94-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/">"Federations"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Federations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fzusammenschluesse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/parteitag/hallescher-parteitag-2024/hallescher-parteitag/wahl-des-parteivorstands">"Election of the Party Executive"</a>. <i>The Left</i>. 19 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Election+of+the+Party+Executive&rft.date=2024-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fparteitag%2Fhallescher-parteitag-2024%2Fhallescher-parteitag%2Fwahl-des-parteivorstands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteistruktur/kommissionen/aeltestenrat/">"Ältestenrat"</a>. The Left.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%84ltestenrat&rft.pub=The+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteistruktur%2Fkommissionen%2Faeltestenrat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-branchmem-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-branchmem_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-branchmem_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-branchmem_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/ueber-uns/mitgliederzahlen-2023/">"Membership Figures 2023"</a>. The Left<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Membership+Figures+2023&rft.pub=The+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fueber-uns%2Fmitgliederzahlen-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/gliederungen-landesverbaende/">"Organizations"</a>. The Left<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organizations&rft.pub=The+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fgliederungen-landesverbaende%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1091290.stroemungen-in-der-linkspartei-die-neue-unuebersichtlichkeit.html">"The new confusion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i> (in German). 15 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neues+Deutschland&rft.atitle=The+new+confusion&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd-aktuell.de%2Fartikel%2F1091290.stroemungen-in-der-linkspartei-die-neue-unuebersichtlichkeit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterfire.org/articles/analysis/23601-where-is-germany-s-die-linke-heading">"Where is Germany's Die Linke heading?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Counterfire_(group)" title="Counterfire (group)">Counterfire</a></i>. 11 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Counterfire&rft.atitle=Where+is+Germany%27s+Die+Linke+heading%3F&rft.date=2022-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterfire.org%2Farticles%2Fanalysis%2F23601-where-is-germany-s-die-linke-heading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1164852.linke-parteitag-bewegungslinke-in-der-mehrheit.html">"Left Congress: Movement Left in the majority"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i> (in German). 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neues+Deutschland&rft.atitle=Left+Congress%3A+Movement+Left+in+the+majority&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd-aktuell.de%2Fartikel%2F1164852.linke-parteitag-bewegungslinke-in-der-mehrheit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antikapitalistische-linke.de/">"akl Anti-Capitalist Left"</a>. <i>Anti-Capitalist Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anti-Capitalist+Left&rft.atitle=akl+Anti-Capitalist+Left&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antikapitalistische-linke.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/antikapitalistische-linke/">"Federations: Anti-Capitalist left"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Federations%3A+Anti-Capitalist+left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fzusammenschluesse%2Fantikapitalistische-linke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BfV2020-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2020_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2020_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2020_104-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2020_104-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2020_104-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/DE/2021/verfassungsschutzbericht-2020.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5">"Federal Constitutional Protection Report 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution</a>. 15 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Constitutional+Protection+Report+2020&rft.pub=Federal+Office+for+the+Protection+of+the+Constitution&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungsschutz.de%2FSharedDocs%2Fpublikationen%2FDE%2F2021%2Fverfassungsschutzbericht-2020.pdf%3F__blob%3DpublicationFile%26v%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/kommunistische-plattform/">"Communist Platform"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Communist+Platform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fzusammenschluesse%2Fkommunistische-plattform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dielinke-brandenburg.de/fileadmin/Arbeitsgemeinschaften/Beschluss_der_Landeskonferenz_der_KPF.rtf">"Beschluss der Landeskonferenz der Kommunistischen Plattform der Partei DIE LINKE des Landes Brandenburg vom 29.9.2007"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beschluss+der+Landeskonferenz+der+Kommunistischen+Plattform+der+Partei+DIE+LINKE+des+Landes+Brandenburg+vom+29.9.2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dielinke-brandenburg.de%2Ffileadmin%2FArbeitsgemeinschaften%2FBeschluss_der_Landeskonferenz_der_KPF.rtf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum-ds.de/">"Forum Democratic Socialism"</a>. <i>Forum Democratic Socialism</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forum+Democratic+Socialism&rft.atitle=Forum+Democratic+Socialism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum-ds.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/forum-demokratischer-sozialismus/">"Forum Democratic Socialism"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Forum+Democratic+Socialism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fzusammenschluesse%2Fforum-demokratischer-sozialismus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/oekologische-plattform/">"Ecological Platform"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Ecological+Platform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fzusammenschluesse%2Foekologische-plattform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oekologische-plattform.de/uber-uns-seite/">"About us"</a>. <i>Ecological Platform</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Platform&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oekologische-plattform.de%2Fuber-uns-seite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oekologische-plattform.de/mitgliedschaft/">"Membership"</a>. <i>Ecological Platform</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Platform&rft.atitle=Membership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oekologische-plattform.de%2Fmitgliedschaft%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307155525/https://emanzipatorische-linke.org/">"Ema.Li"</a>. <i>Emancipatory Left</i> (in German). Archived from the original on 7 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Emancipatory+Left&rft.atitle=Ema.Li&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emanzipatorische-linke.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/emanzipatorische-linke/">"Emancipatory Left"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Left&rft.atitle=Emancipatory+Left&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-linke.de%2Fpartei%2Fparteidemokratie%2Fzusammenschluesse%2Femanzipatorische-linke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064108/http://archiv2007.sozialisten.de/politik/publikationen/kpf-mitteilungen/view_html/n0/pp1/bs1/zid6450">"Die Linkspartei - Gera als Weltanschauung"</a>. 4 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv2007.sozialisten.de/politik/publikationen/kpf-mitteilungen/view_html/n0/pp1/bs1/zid6450">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Linkspartei+-+Gera+als+Weltanschauung&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv2007.sozialisten.de%2Fpolitik%2Fpublikationen%2Fkpf-mitteilungen%2Fview_html%2Fn0%2Fpp1%2Fbs1%2Fzid6450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726194219/https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/embed/vsbericht-2017.pdf">"Report 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/embed/vsbericht-2017.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+2017&rft.pub=Federal+Office+for+the+Protection+of+the+Constitution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungsschutz.de%2Fembed%2Fvsbericht-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BfV2018-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2018_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BfV2018_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/publikationen/themen/sicherheit/vsb-2018-gesamt.html">"Verfassungsschutzbericht 2018"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution</a>. 26 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verfassungsschutzbericht+2018&rft.pub=Federal+Office+for+the+Protection+of+the+Constitution&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmi.bund.de%2FSharedDocs%2Fdownloads%2FDE%2Fpublikationen%2Fthemen%2Fsicherheit%2Fvsb-2018-gesamt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reformlinke-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reformlinke_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226152006/http://archiv2007.sozialisten.de/partei/strukturen/agigs/netzwerk_reformlinke/index.htm">"Netzwerk Reformlinke"</a>. sozialisten.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv2007.sozialisten.de/partei/strukturen/agigs/netzwerk_reformlinke/index.htm">the original</a> on 26 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Netzwerk+Reformlinke&rft.pub=sozialisten.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv2007.sozialisten.de%2Fpartei%2Fstrukturen%2Fagigs%2Fnetzwerk_reformlinke%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de/partei/parteidemokratie/zusammenschluesse/sozialistische-linke/">"Socialist Left"</a>. <i>The Left</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Left<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aktenzeichen%3A+20+K+3077%2F06%2C+20+K+6242%2F03&rft.pub=Justiz.nrw.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justiz.nrw.de%2Fnrwe%2Fovgs%2Fvg_koeln%2Fj2007%2F20_K_3077_06urteil20071213.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/alexander-dobrindt-csu-generalsekretaer-bringt-verbot-der-linken-ins-spiel/6126392.html">"Alexander Dobrindt: CSU-Generalsekretär bringt Verbot der Linken ins Spiel"</a> (in German). Handelsblatt. 30 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+Dobrindt%3A+CSU-Generalsekret%C3%A4r+bringt+Verbot+der+Linken+ins+Spiel&rft.pub=Handelsblatt&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.handelsblatt.com%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Falexander-dobrindt-csu-generalsekretaer-bringt-verbot-der-linken-ins-spiel%2F6126392.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://de.euronews.com/agenturmeldungen/1341447-verfassungsschutz-beobachtet-umfangreich-die-linke/">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/geheimdienst-verfassungsschutz-beobachtet-27-linken-abgeordnete-a-810651.html">"Verfassungsschutz beobachtet 27 Linken-Abgeordnete"</a>. Der Spiegel. 22 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verfassungsschutz+beobachtet+27+Linken-Abgeordnete&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2012-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fgeheimdienst-verfassungsschutz-beobachtet-27-linken-abgeordnete-a-810651.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tagesspiegel-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tagesspiegel_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/innenministerium-prueft-konsequenzen-ueberwachung-von-ramelow-verfassungswidrig/8906370.html">"Bundesverfassungsgericht verbietet Überwachung von Bodo Ramelow"</a>. <i>Der Tagesspiegel Online</i>. tagesspiegel.de. 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Bundesverfassungsgericht+verbietet+%C3%9Cberwachung+von+Bodo+Ramelow&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Finnenministerium-prueft-konsequenzen-ueberwachung-von-ramelow-verfassungswidrig%2F8906370.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tagesschau-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tagesschau_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/linkspartei-verfassungsschutz100.html">"Verfassungsschutz reagiert auf Urteil: Linken-Abgeordnete ohne Beobachtung – tagesschau.de"</a>. tagesschau.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verfassungsschutz+reagiert+auf+Urteil%3A+Linken-Abgeordnete+ohne+Beobachtung+%E2%80%93+tagesschau.de&rft.pub=tagesschau.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Finland%2Flinkspartei-verfassungsschutz100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eckhard_Jesse:_Die_Linke,-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eckhard_Jesse:_Die_Linke,_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Frank Decker, Viola Neu: <i>Handbuch der deutschen Parteien,</i> VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2007, p. 323 ff.; Eckhard Jesse, Jürgen P. Lang: <i>Die Linke – der smarte Extremismus einer deutschen Partei.</i> Olzog Verlag, Munich 2008; for the past history of PDS: Steffen Kailitz: <i>Politischer Extremismus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i>, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 82 ff. and for suspicion of extremism in the party as a whole: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/linksextremismus/158721/die-linke-meinungsbeitrag-von-eckhard-jesse">Eckhard Jesse: <i>Die Linke</i></a>, and a rebuke: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/linksextremismus/156715/die-linke-meinungsbeitrag-von-richard-stoess">Richard Stöss: <i>Die Linke. Zur Beobachtung der Partei durch den Verfassungsschutz.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-5-11-14-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-5-11-14_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30342441">"Die Linke triumph: Mixed reaction as German far-left gains power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 5 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Linke+triumph%3A+Mixed+reaction+as+German+far-left+gains+power&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30342441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-18-09-09-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-18-09-09_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2009" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, Kate (18 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/17/german-elections-die-linke-party">"Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Die+Linke+party+wins+German+votes+by+standing+out+from+crowd&rft.date=2009-09-18&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fsep%2F17%2Fgerman-elections-die-linke-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Euronews-20-11-14-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Euronews-20-11-14_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2014/11/20/far-left-die-linke-take-charge-of-german-region">"Far-left Die Linke take charge of German region"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. 20 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Far-left+Die+Linke+take+charge+of+German+region&rft.pub=Euronews&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2014%2F11%2F20%2Ffar-left-die-linke-take-charge-of-german-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spiegel-19-09-13-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spiegel-19-09-13_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-left-party-strong-but-shunned-by-mainstream-a-922870.html">"German Left Party a Would-Be Kingmaker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>. 19 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+Left+Party+a+Would-Be+Kingmaker&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Fgerman-left-party-strong-but-shunned-by-mainstream-a-922870.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46757009.amp">"German politicians targeted in mass data attack"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>. <q>The main parliamentary groups including the ruling centre-right and centre-left parties, as well as The Greens, left-wing Die Linke and FDP.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=German+politicians+targeted+in+mass+data+attack&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46757009.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOltermann2023" class="citation news cs1">Oltermann, Philip (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/15/german-greens-suffer-setback-in-bremen-local-election">"German Greens suffer setback in Bremen local election"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>. <q>This gives the centre-left the option to either continue governing with the Greens and the left-wing Die Linke, or form a "grand coalition" with the second-placed conservatives.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=German+Greens+suffer+setback+in+Bremen+local+election&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Oltermann&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fmay%2F15%2Fgerman-greens-suffer-setback-in-bremen-local-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandford2020" class="citation news cs1">Sandford, Alasdair (5 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/05/german-politics-shaken-as-far-right-afd-becomes-kingmaker-in-eastern-state">"German state governor steps down after winning election with far-right help"</a>. <i>Euronews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>. <q>Early rounds of voting in the parliament led to expectations that the left-wing Die Linke party would stay in office as head of a "red-red-green" coalition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=German+state+governor+steps+down+after+winning+election+with+far-right+help&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft.aulast=Sandford&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2020%2F02%2F05%2Fgerman-politics-shaken-as-far-right-afd-becomes-kingmaker-in-eastern-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Stöss: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/linksextremismus/156715/die-linke-meinungsbeitrag-von-richard-stoess"><i>Die Linke. Zur Beobachtung der Partei durch den Verfassungsschutz.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eckhard Jesse: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/politik/extremismus/linksextremismus/158721/die-linke-meinungsbeitrag-von-eckhard-jesse"><i>Die Linke</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/gohlke-linke-afd-verfassungsschutz-1.4795496">"Left Party: 'I wonder what threat the Office for the Protection of the Constitution is hallucinating'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i> (in German). 12 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Left+Party%3A+%27I+wonder+what+threat+the+Office+for+the+Protection+of+the+Constitution+is+hallucinating%27&rft.date=2020-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fgohlke-linke-afd-verfassungsschutz-1.4795496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cas_Mudde" title="Cas Mudde">Cas Mudde</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/apuz/30843/radikale-parteien-in-europa?p=all"><i>Radical Parties in Europe</i></a>. In: <i>From Politics and Contemporary History</i> 45 (2008) 47, p. 12–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilman_Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilman Mayer (page does not exist)">Tilman Mayer</a>: <i>Left-wing populism as a challenge. For the demagogical siphoning of resentments</i>. In: <i>The Political Opinion</i>, Nr. 465, August 2008, pp. 15–18, here: p. 15, 17 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_14310-544-1-30.pdf">PDF</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Florian Hartleb: <i>Populism – a central characteristic of party politics in turbulent times?</i>. In: Friso Wielanga, Florian Hartleb (ed.): <i>Populism in modern democracy. The Netherlands and Germany in comparison</i>. Waxmann, Münster u. a. 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2444-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2444-9">978-3-8309-2444-9</a>, pp. 105–127, here: p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Decker: <i>From a protest phenomenon to a permanent political phenomenon: right-wing and left-wing populism in Western Europe</i>. In: Uwe Backes, Alexander Gallus, Eckhard Jesse (ed.): <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahrbuch_Extremismus_%26_Demokratie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie (page does not exist)">Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie</a></i>, 27th year (2015), Nomos, Baden-Baden 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8487-2522-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8487-2522-9">978-3-8487-2522-9</a>, pp. 57–72, here: p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/linken-vize-katja-kipping-im-interview-wir-muessen-uns-der-gruenen-herausforderung-stellen/4070954.html">"We have to face the green challenge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Der Tagesspiegel</a>. 18 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+have+to+face+the+green+challenge&rft.pub=Der+Tagesspiegel&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Flinken-vize-katja-kipping-im-interview-wir-muessen-uns-der-gruenen-herausforderung-stellen%2F4070954.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,650626,00.html">Verdrängte Parteigeschichte: Plädoyer für eine Entzauberung der Linkspartei</a>, spiegel.de, 25 September 2009, accessed 25 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollstein2009" class="citation news cs1">Hollstein, Miriam (19 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article3954333/Sahra-Wagenknecht-verspottet-neoliberale-SPD.html">"Sahra Wagenknecht mocks "neoliberal SPD"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Sahra+Wagenknecht+mocks+%22neoliberal+SPD%22&rft.date=2009-06-19&rft.aulast=Hollstein&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fpolitik%2Farticle3954333%2FSahra-Wagenknecht-verspottet-neoliberale-SPD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSächsischer_Landtag2012" class="citation web cs1">Sächsischer Landtag (13 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303151803/http://www.landtag.sachsen.de/de/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/1378_3646.aspx">"Sächsischer Landtag feiert Tag der Deutschen Einheit – Festredner Joachim Gauck: "Freiheit wagen – Verantwortung leben"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Landtag.sachsen.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landtag.sachsen.de/de/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/1378_3646.aspx">the original</a> on 3 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C3%A4chsischer+Landtag+feiert+Tag+der+Deutschen+Einheit+%E2%80%93+Festredner+Joachim+Gauck%3A+%22Freiheit+wagen+%E2%80%93+Verantwortung+leben%22&rft.pub=Landtag.sachsen.de&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft.au=S%C3%A4chsischer+Landtag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landtag.sachsen.de%2Fde%2Faktuelles%2Fpressemitteilungen%2F1378_3646.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bild.de/BILD/politik/2010/06/05/wulff-und-gauck-im-interview/kandidat-joachim-gauck/linke/warum-die-linke-gauck-nicht-waehlt.html">"Kandidaten für das Amt des Bundespräsidenten: Warum "Die Linke" Joachim Gauck nicht wählt"</a> (in German). Bild.de. 4 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kandidaten+f%C3%BCr+das+Amt+des+Bundespr%C3%A4sidenten%3A+Warum+%22Die+Linke%22+Joachim+Gauck+nicht+w%C3%A4hlt&rft.pub=Bild.de&rft.date=2010-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bild.de%2FBILD%2Fpolitik%2F2010%2F06%2F05%2Fwulff-und-gauck-im-interview%2Fkandidat-joachim-gauck%2Flinke%2Fwarum-die-linke-gauck-nicht-waehlt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/sachsen-linke-boykottiert-einheitsfeier-wegen-gauck-rede/1054930.html">"Left boycotts unity celebration over Gauck speech"</a>. <i>Der Tagesspiegel Online</i>. 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Left+boycotts+unity+celebration+over+Gauck+speech&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fsachsen-linke-boykottiert-einheitsfeier-wegen-gauck-rede%2F1054930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dominic Heilig, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosalux-nyc.org/mapping-the-european-left/">Mapping the European Left: Socialist Parties in the EU</a>, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, April 2016</li> <li>David F. Patton. <i>Out of the East: From PDS to Left Party in Unified Germany</i> (State University of New York Press; 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubertus_Knabe" title="Hubertus Knabe">Hubertus Knabe</a>, <i>Honeckers Erben. Die Wahrheit über Die Linke</i>. Propyläen, Berlin 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-549-07329-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-549-07329-2">978-3-549-07329-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElo2008" class="citation journal cs1">Elo, Kimmo (2008). "The Left Party and the Long-Term Developments of the German Party System". <i>German Politics and Society</i>. <b>26</b> (88): <span class="nowrap">50–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fgps.2008.260303">10.3167/gps.2008.260303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=German+Politics+and+Society&rft.atitle=The+Left+Party+and+the+Long-Term+Developments+of+the+German+Party+System&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=88&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fgps.2008.260303&rft.aulast=Elo&rft.aufirst=Kimmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoughKoß2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hough, Dan; Koß, Michael (2009). "Populism Personified or Reinvigorated Reformers? The German Left Party in 2009 and Beyond". <i>German Politics and Society</i>. <b>27</b> (91): <span class="nowrap">76–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Fgps.2009.270206">10.3167/gps.2009.270206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=German+Politics+and+Society&rft.atitle=Populism+Personified+or+Reinvigorated+Reformers%3F+The+German+Left+Party+in+2009+and+Beyond&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=91&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Fgps.2009.270206&rft.aulast=Hough&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Ko%C3%9F%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Left+%28Germany%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Die_Linke" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Die Linke">Die Linke</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-linke.de">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49764#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210617/http://die-linke.de/fileadmin/download/international/programmatic_points.pdf">Programmatic Points</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 27 September 2007)</li> <li>Ingar Solty, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosalux.de/cms/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/Themen/leftparties/pdfs/Solty-en-Nov17.pdf">The New German Left Party</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227075529/http://www.rosalux.de/cms/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/Themen/leftparties/pdfs/Solty-en-Nov17.pdf">Archived</a> 27 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rosa Luxemburg Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?PID=276626">Dan Hough, Michael Koss and Jonathan Olsen: The Left Party in Contemporary German Politics. London: Palgrave, 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223504/http://www.linksnet.de/artikel.php?id=3214">Ingar Solty: Transformation of the German Political System and European Historical Responsibility of the German Left Party, Das Argument 271, 3/2007, pp. 329–47</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://badmatthew.blogspot.com/2007/04/victor-grossman-on-die-linke.html">Victor Grossman: A Huge Step Towards Left Unity in Germany, Monthly Review Zine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070827083024/http://www.monthlyreview.org/0507is.htm">Ingo Schmidt: The Left Opposition in Germany. Why is the Left So Weak When So Many Look For Political Alternatives?, in Monthly Review, May 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080405054200/http://www.socialistproject.ca/inthenews/die_linke.html">A New European Socialist Movement? The Rise of the Left Party in Germany</a> by Ingar Solty and Frank Deppe, in Toronto, Canada, 18 March 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialistproject.ca/leftstreamed/ls29.php">Was the German Election a Turning Point?</a>, Toronto, Canada, 13 November 2009</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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#AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white"><div><span style="color:white">(German: <i lang="de">Die Linke</i>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D24489;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white">Chairpeople</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Bartsch" title="Dietmar Bartsch">Dietmar Bartsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amira_Mohamed_Ali" title="Amira Mohamed Ali">Amira Mohamed Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Helm_(politician)" title="Anne Helm (politician)">Anne Helm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Schatz" title="Carsten Schatz">Carsten Schatz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathrin_Dannenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathrin Dannenberg (page does not exist)">Kathrin Dannenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" class="extiw" title="arz:كاثرين دانينبيرج">arz</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathrin_Dannenberg" class="extiw" title="de:Kathrin Dannenberg">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Walter" title="Sebastian Walter">Sebastian Walter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofia_Leonidakis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofia Leonidakis (page does not exist)">Sofia Leonidakis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Jan%C3%9Fen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson Janßen (page does not exist)">Nelson Janßen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" class="extiw" title="arz:نيلسون چانسين">arz</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Jan%C3%9Fen" class="extiw" title="de:Nelson Janßen">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabine_Boeddinghaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabine Boeddinghaus (page does not exist)">Sabine Boeddinghaus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="arz:سابين بويدينجاوس">arz</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabine_Boeddinghaus" class="extiw" title="de:Sabine Boeddinghaus">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cansu_%C3%96zdemir" title="Cansu Özdemir">Cansu Özdemir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Janine_Wissler" title="Janine Wissler">Janine Wissler</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Oldenburg" title="Simone Oldenburg">Simone Oldenburg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rico_Gebhardt" title="Rico Gebhardt">Rico Gebhardt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lippmann" title="Thomas Lippmann">Thomas Lippmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_von_Angern" title="Eva von Angern">Eva von Angern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Hennig-Wellsow" title="Susanne Hennig-Wellsow">Susanne Hennig-Wellsow</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D24489;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Al-Dailami" title="Ali Al-Dailami">Ali Al-Dailami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Pfl%C3%BCger" title="Tobias Pflüger">Tobias Pflüger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Renner" title="Martina Renner">Martina Renner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katina_Schubert" title="Katina Schubert">Katina Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ates_G%C3%BCrpinar" title="Ates Gürpinar">Ates Gürpinar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D24489;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white">State branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_Brandenburg" title="The Left Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="The Left North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D24489;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white">Related associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Platform_(Germany)" title="Communist Platform (Germany)">Communist Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Organisation_(Germany)" title="International Socialist Organisation (Germany)">International Socialist Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Youth_Solid" title="Left Youth Solid">Left Youth Solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Alternative (Germany)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Left_(Germany)" title="Socialist Left (Germany)">Socialist Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linksruck" title="Linksruck">Linksruck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D24489;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative" title="Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative">Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93red_coalition" title="Red–red coalition">Red–red coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93red%E2%80%93green_coalition" title="Red–red–green coalition">Red–red–green coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Buchholz" title="Christine Buchholz">Christine Buchholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Left_Party_politicians" title="List of German Left Party politicians">List of German Left Party politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_faction_(Bundestag)" title="The Left faction (Bundestag)">The Left faction (Bundestag)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_group_(Bundestag)" title="The Left group (Bundestag)">The Left group (Bundestag)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AA1C61, inset -2px -2px 0 #AA1C61;;color:white"><div><span style="color:white"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Template:Party of the European Left"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Template talk:Party of the European Left"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Party of the European Left"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Party_of_the_European_Left638" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_European_Left" title="Party of the European Left"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Party of the European Left</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;"><div>European Parliament group: <b><a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Member_parties151" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">Member parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">KPÖ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Left_Party_%22A_Just_World%22" title="Belarusian Left Party "A Just World"">Spravedlivyj Mir</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Left" title="Bulgarian Left">BL/БЛ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Front_(Croatia)" title="Workers' Front (Croatia)">RF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Czech_Republic)" title="The Left (Czech Republic)">Levice</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_United_Left_Party" title="Estonian United Left Party">Vasakliit</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Finland_(1994)" title="Communist Party of Finland (1994)">SKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Alliance_(Finland)" title="Left Alliance (Finland)">Vas.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_Socialist_Left_(2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican and Socialist Left (2018)">GRS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Die Linke</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syriza" title="Syriza">Syriza</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Hungary_2006_%E2%80%93_European_Left" title="Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left">European Left</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Refoundation_Party" title="Communist Refoundation Party">PRC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Luxembourg)" title="The Left (Luxembourg)">Déi Lénk</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Communists_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova">PCRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Communist_Party" title="Portuguese Communist Party">PCP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Socialist_Party_(present-day)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Socialist Party (present-day)">PSR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Left_(San_Marino)" title="United Left (San Marino)">SU</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Slovenia)" title="The Left (Slovenia)">Levica</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">IU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">PCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_Alternative_Left" title="United and Alternative Left">EUiA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Party_of_Labour" title="Swiss Party of Labour">PdA/PST-POP/PSL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Left Party (Turkey)">SOL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Left_Unity_(UK)" title="Left Unity (UK)">Left Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">Observer parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouvement_Demain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouvement Demain (page does not exist)">MD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Working_People" title="Progressive Party of Working People">AKEL/ΑΚΕΛ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia">KSČM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Left" title="Italian Left">SI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus"><img alt="Northern Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Cyprus_Party" title="New Cyprus Party">YKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Cyprus_Party" title="United Cyprus Party">BKP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovakia" title="Communist Party of Slovakia">KSS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sortu" title="Sortu">Sortu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">Partner parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Der_Wandel" title="Der Wandel">Der Wandel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ensemble!" title="Ensemble!">Ensemble!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9publique_et_socialisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="République et socialisme (page does not exist)">République et socialisme</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist_Left_(Germany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxist Left (Germany) (page does not exist)">Marxist Left</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1ncsics_%E2%80%93_Radical_Left_Party" title="Táncsics – Radical Left Party">Táncsics</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Scotland" title="Democratic Left Scotland">Democratic Left Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Former members</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Flanders)" title="Communist Party (Flanders)">KP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Belgium_(1989)" title="Communist Party of Belgium (1989)">PCB</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93Green_Alliance_(Denmark)" title="Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)">Enhedslisten</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Synaspismos" title="Synaspismos">SYN/ΣΥΝ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Workers%27_Party" title="Hungarian Workers' Party">Munkáspárt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Communist_Refoundation" title="Sammarinese Communist Refoundation">RCS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Left_Party_(France)" title="Left Party (France)">PG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">FI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Left_Bloc_(Portugal)" title="Left Bloc (Portugal)">B.E.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">Party presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Bertinotti" title="Fausto Bertinotti">Fausto Bertinotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Bisky" title="Lothar Bisky">Lothar Bisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laurent_(politician)" title="Pierre Laurent (politician)">Pierre Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Amendola" title="Giorgio Amendola">Giorgio Amendola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Fanti" title="Guido Fanti">Guido Fanti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianni_Cervetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gianni Cervetti (page does not exist)">Gianni Cervetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-%C3%89mile_Piquet" title="René-Émile Piquet">René-Émile Piquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alekos_Alavanos" title="Alekos Alavanos">Alekos Alavanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Miranda" title="Joaquim Miranda">Joaquim Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Alberto_Colajanni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Alberto Colajanni (page does not exist)">Luigi Alberto Colajanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_Puerta" title="Alonso Puerta">Alonso Puerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wurtz" title="Francis Wurtz">Francis Wurtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Bisky" title="Lothar Bisky">Lothar Bisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabi_Zimmer" title="Gabi Zimmer">Gabi Zimmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manon_Aubry" title="Manon Aubry">Manon Aubry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schirdewan" title="Martin Schirdewan">Martin Schirdewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">Other prominent figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gesine_L%C3%B6tzsch" title="Gesine Lötzsch">Gesine Lötzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Ernst" title="Klaus Ernst">Klaus Ernst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communist_parties_represented_in_European_Parliament" title="List of communist parties represented in European Parliament">List of communist parties represented in European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_left_and_far-left_parties_in_Europe" title="List of left and far-left parties in Europe">List of left and far-left parties in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #e00010; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #b71c1c, inset -2px -2px 0 #b71c1c;"><div><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation"><span style="color:white">European political foundation</span></a>: <i>Transform Europe</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Germany2100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_political_parties" title="Template:German political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_political_parties" title="Template talk:German political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Germany2100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a><br />(733 seats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (206)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> (117)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (43)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Left</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stefan_Seidler" title="Stefan Seidler">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Deutschland" title="Bündnis Deutschland">BD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uwe_Witt" title="Uwe Witt">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_Union" title="Values Union">Values Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dirk_Spaniel" title="Dirk Spaniel">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the<br /><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><br />(96 seats for Germany)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (5)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Left</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FW</a> (3)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">Minor parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">PMUT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Everding" title="Sebastian Everding">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">ÖDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manuela_Ripa" title="Manuela Ripa">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Party_of_Germany" title="Family Party of Germany">Family Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Helmut_Geuking" title="Helmut Geuking">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Progress_(Germany)" title="Party of Progress (Germany)">Party of Progress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lukas_Sieper" title="Lukas Sieper">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the<br />16 <a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_German_state_parliaments" title="Composition of the German state parliaments">state parliaments</a><br />(1,893 seats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (458, 16/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (523, 15/16, not in Bavaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (275, 14/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> (291, 13/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (80, 9/16)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Left</a> (66, 7/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (47, 6/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FW</a> (44, 3/16)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regional parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (85; only in <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavaria" title="Landtag of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a> (4; only in <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Deutschland" title="Bündnis Deutschland">BD</a> (7; in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerschaft_of_Bremen" title="Bürgerschaft of Bremen">Bremen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_Union" title="Values Union">Values Union</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Rakicky" class="extiw" title="de:Jozef Rakicky">1</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Landtag of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor parties<br />(without representation<br />at the state level or above)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_C_%E2%80%93_Christians_for_Germany" title="Alliance C – Christians for Germany">Alliance C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Human_Rights,_Animal_and_Nature_Protection" title="Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection">Animal Protection Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Pogo_Party_of_Germany" title="Anarchist Pogo Party of Germany">APPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Income_Alliance" title="Basic Income Alliance">Basic Income Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Party" title="Bavaria Party">Bavaria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergpartei,_die_%C3%9CberPartei" title="Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei">Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerrechtsbewegung_Solidarit%C3%A4t" title="Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität">BüSo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_United_Civic_Movements/Free_Voters" title="Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters">BVB/FW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_Diversity_and_Awakening" title="Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Awakening">DAVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Motion" title="Democracy in Motion">Democracy in Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany">dieBasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(East_Germany)" title="German Social Union (East Germany)">DSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Party_of_Germany" title="Feminist Party of Germany">Feminist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freie_Sachsen" title="Freie Sachsen">Free Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">German Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaking_up_Parliament_%E2%80%93_Voice_of_the_Last_Generation" title="Shaking up Parliament – Voice of the Last Generation">Last Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany" title="Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany">Marxist–Leninist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Reason" title="Party of Reason">Party of Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Germany)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Germany)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statt_Party" title="Statt Party">Statt Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">The Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Humanists" title="Party of Humanists">The Humanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The Third Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Germany)" title="The Republicans (Germany)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Urbane._Eine_HipHop_Partei" title="Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei">The Urbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Rejuvenation_Research" title="Party for Rejuvenation Research">Verjüngungsforschung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Partei3" title="V-Partei3">V-Partei3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wir_B%C3%BCrger" class="mw-redirect" title="Wir Bürger">Wir Bürger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>CDU</b>: does not participate in state elections in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, an associated party <b>CSU</b> participates here.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>AfD</b>: is currently not in the state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerschaft_of_Bremen" title="Bürgerschaft of Bremen">Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>The Greens</b>: are currently not in the state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saarland" title="Landtag of Saarland">Saarland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Thuringia" title="Landtag of Thuringia">Thuringia</a>.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>FDP</b>: is currently only in the state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Bremen, Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Hesse" title="Landtag of Hesse">Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>, and Schleswig-Holstein.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>The Left</b>: is currently only in the state parliaments of Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony" title="Landtag of Saxony">Saxony</a>, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>BSW</b>: is currently only in the state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Abgeordnetenhaus_of_Berlin" title="Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin">Berlin</a>, Brandenburg, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Parliament" title="Hamburg Parliament">Hamburg</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony, and Thuringia.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;"><b>FW</b>: is currently only in the state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavaria" title="Landtag of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony; does not participate in state elections in <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, an associated party <b>BVB/FW</b> participates here.</span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49764#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata963" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49764#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata963" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49764#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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