CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134667a2fb34da3',cH: 'hcRFmvz8j7papbzWDOXGfYMDJHSLzKroUphct191P3o-1739780868-1.2.1.1-IIe.TxMqjVjhyMvp7cp.wUnKZBppnrOTBHIs8rss1XLpICLQm5.ZuzOHmGfZucS6',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=numerical%20tests&__cf_chl_tk=YS2tY9Qjmkdl9_vOtu491LgnrAo6kTpjxIXmxPRrBRw-1739780868-1.0.1.1-bUb4YJ1fqXiBO723mndd4t5dE.96jwJW2BlekwJfBRs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739780868',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=numerical%20tests&__cf_chl_f_tk=YS2tY9Qjmkdl9_vOtu491LgnrAo6kTpjxIXmxPRrBRw-1739780868-1.0.1.1-bUb4YJ1fqXiBO723mndd4t5dE.96jwJW2BlekwJfBRs",md: "9123.5ZKUCNFgUrYU4XIk4zLZtiVnpKMSXRJQ8HZM00-1739780868-1.2.1.1-SN8NIp9xKdTEtnMn38a.DmFiV2HmGm9sW.2Nbjli_rfNUJhmX9GJmmxzs9IS5XEXO83zq_Ph_bi3l81s5LZWk6ov.UBJ9F2G0GArS.9cQ5As5zxTXm42dWci99MiRefu31S_nljxNeD2Q5oR8BxVjrt7I_dzoRzULnRNJT_4VHzcoS_kHn9p6Pc_OSG2NkYxPPZxB.OIC.rGUFH_0grxFyg4WxAFucJJPiynnAsH8_YTnppPVMns6TtMcBVbhHa2x_BfbWqC2CpYmqZTCBMZUQzkYG.LJFtFUJTCFhWcGnp9nRHrdyb2HAepJauhvIpRaOx_WiwwBcreaB8_zcjEEel233p__PtIZ_BPGgkAv6OzlQTabboQnbHAebUEtqVxCrXiK5vDuwGDYiqCXELz.gxmUxbpw7G7pjH7OOMd7B8AM_1uhSOcNsRboxV8YHbi_UuDTRDJKs7WHSUkku8KemYim.hqMMI.bk1sddd_oCSIUGoYDfwooFBGcMnWBn1wezwSnGXjFNlJiE.CiO5jysWHRgYdeVXU9Etw6W6lI0DTrgtR6mMtQ4j_FrdlsBT6geqQOiy6EHm713PXGXVr_6_23zEnTPPTsE_xydN5tBwsCcZImUD.mAgmpwhB9xKcWKFkIn4eyfUOOPVRxqDT1ctcO4W4PZ7ptCrhqx_aeRtHMkaeLquUrRQWPRtZ1dTbV8K5Rn3c3RcxM_oEB4Micn.64xKliWdLEeKCxUxcDP3qB2BY9RBKtlDjqr8RXEi6c6LPopsnIyMXrTBm1UyaQPQ0UmMuDkVmoiwR2fUbJMDoa3dZ0Peoz517QXv4i1Z.4acAjSijbQ14L4kJ1Mt0kbaGjRUJtKZZLSIlNIJ8kPvDy7NDPIoI67gLQ1z8OwwKrEAodK6oXoaWxHhxxHQ3IHwQNjUa6FCopPsKZBrGlnlpPgbFpBtsv4jUeprjrNRo35SJVD9wDNFZ8wDdbDT_0r4_Vl.RxjScpCiyclPBZo.0BM.5TLlCteuYGRT6WoCYR8kfZRwnU6IsQk1VsJGyt4eq9r2bxFmG211Emg5Zz0Lg14Z0q8nh2cxTT8IJnPo8_Cd8FEL5rfar4F2CZA90eiPRJi2351UtHoXg0TZyn8kRoy1Qj5iY8W9eeD3IVLy4n2lrrMg.ACeSvKUAcg1vHgkbnn29IMFMHo80qIBDNNzBTCEDEqrpiFVg8GGORDYDXJkFAflnp_FP09l43Vsk.P4K6O4g50ENXw.M_cE9oX5NK3RO45orLQaEbqPj.azUZ9.6Oa09NGqaGmV7VY4RInZ9PXU1wgtgugixS_aBFySzc6MnLldBes9Mm3cCuZwzOWzQA9wJlrg_3Xr2GilWnymdddG6hbf4_O.XzJgSjbpI2GYBX9t_i_Uw5ZC1K8uz3oWrffGm5lOZ.c4BorGA9jMt4FahcwyG5kVdtsHgYEL6VfFVZtQ2FqYYoy2DR6Vn1pU5itv_zWzz7hWuWc0zwyEzulImG9KpzUY8afpHtaolvYB6qsBuKzavSAJRR1wRGR4D9F3OWac1NALGy_Xnaxsm7m0mDGtWr8YQAPzXSzjut4q6djj1MiPsmoaTrRaAVHyIcJVZqnciMVRJDvxeBDYPZmavWlnSH9Zf.543zWHFtFDrIRbs9mLxcuKKxISrjUOEg21Hz8aEyjCZ8OvinCv1nBLFRq_7vZ1IY.SVRelNMeOxTe37nUTQCcj58q_L4w7FN63njNKXkxDRxH3p6azmAH_4eB6JUL2RxfFIfoDQRbQZErvDFnhkaiEHEofCT3HVtVabjpnaZMKANqy8znpI91LqXxel0V9qjEJrI3CDJCvttqLbPFFO4qMCwrb1fV5T3eQuAzPViAM0kUmJYZB6t77fqWn4Vxz3BANZSOBNsEHDJYTc38HsIlJOYWQAy21HIn5WeusHrZBRqLieVXYYv1O1qbHC6RXM.7i3hio",mdrd: "JL_dzRTez3ddV.NBNVQtrH_ecX51yeJ_t9ORbpljDTs-1739780868-1.2.1.1-R4qiPcXA32B7E7LlffJkPmDs9lWnzj52RMYEsbQ791wvW8PfLQEH9TtqruBhNkcJW0Ts1TvDWk_pj5CeB8J5XGWNy10rbLOplepzdSk1pBKMOm1ssD9ZeMAwX4uglHqqL6q686v.uK05zxBplf5euBzs2DJ9lRIMOdRccganQkH8RznjhvAF1Mo6q5xepXmdy9UG2BwEQkVufsvcoSCVEm6dptjQWuek_pT9PZ6WyT1f.mYj3TAqWNJ_5Gr3H9KoEgFnDRCcClwXzUdmMOpqzIvJxIB_Y.NScCWC_7infO2qCLyKfzuj.oQdmuwjKP24G7q3lBkV0BFoQNVszU8HRQxBuvG7rPa4s5Vhfnp.Qqmx.fu46Aczki9omPqTtAf8p_YlKtG4Jbp6Y3zVzFWm32L5WNX8dmQXEBdYrCd4V6ZkNnyv_4k9w.gdGjFAeUCbHwVioTAlKSSeD8D0jkiL3.co4KE2siQT0d4SrHlYkO6_qOkVwdqVa4vy47gVsQCdq39aS5HsUpeRcHC1p_oM_px2mbeXf993EL22f5WV85FcG1UzGu.TR1YhqPsMfS0.dRVxDngq4B_Ev5nGzR6SIqF8cvPjH5QJjnFJIIJNsPoXC8R9U49B8mDII.m_hky8rpwzoo7tMlGgxyGWLtqWdlQhr3q93KXuy_ewXUK4N0E4nlxhK6Ss7mK.UfNqWIi3hzzdpDVfe0jrD8PbblZ1bk_d1XC_lbBYXusexk1XMsB8ea6Tc7G8VsO2BPMhLIs94YcMIgsAcTCubNuwkcIofH71wsIzNujJX2X1K5Kr3Fv0Jjz7jf.GD4RtoH2jR.QERwJUWf2tfczBX23wIW8Nbqmf0W.Caef9z9Nlsxwl6RZUssFKynpG8ECfdJ8XqZtD.nluZXoQeqzP0iHhrgHlm9BhltGXwLDu2kiSSvs3nGlB3BWS4z6tM1YpgU3nyS.qeQ0LYduEb5BC37tJOQbvzn2mp0PGQDrWDxxAfziZ5op6l0cYJ4rqxAJC4Ck16fuztlc6tC0EuLbqTD0nl5ViAbCgmkme.A2pQkaIbcUhfQJjXZrrvsOMFn3dp9kcL2WCnyprysVEOCZxTcC1rl7I1n1XkVOqaHObaiNUnCom1b2oGQprF.lhqcrQixZAIKRUJGOb2uyD8ttHfDs0u.glXf2xUIBFQx193Ek..fWvLI45rpeBEEDWpFmiSaa7bPD6xror7dQKzBEWSrH5jKiCNlPZZJ0.VOCJGynOQ_L38Ibf3UzefPB0qqSo0hN6KRj3Jl39kp5QIeZu.s6QASzAsvL9pMTFJqqm65Cr4ah7EGtg_a8S_iH7EKs0qBXbjq7_N3.QZC5EKwmRcLdeuLorjVhEcjFjorBm90zWVlLIApTletpGtbMHjgm4rsoGwH8G6j.CnJIDiNvPnqMBCmWyXMS2W0sLOaPtI3eXooeoaKE6uMxEkDd.l1xkW.axDByBRYoaelifj2yhO_RlZs8qmAnmo5w7QODx9G0syBGt8ikVhoG37pWXQaC8p9DUisl.utnLcpE.cJJNANTB.n4OfpjO92oXP46wzZNdo2tzBnt8C3DiKogElQw6tn4RfB.4uPyS8ZtB8Iu0XqTbUrokP7HlKy9vYdki4k6_2PhHnQjqbp5yXEWVFwulG_uxEefBKqGzzAqScOT7uTZAwweLYU9jugZZsoqgjoxhS8nYunwu4yfD6lXuWh0OgsNWFBOMmjVPD3LaMP.b5buNRi7kJfU00odmzdeUIgGfL1R5_3qIkK278eSygIRTKSOvkuaGO9RxShqti_X63tq3U.joOuB1GFhkCS5FGjqYJaHkl6K47rrO6AkJhIvxeM8wzBMrfN48PeL7BamRqxDlDEgEYhWe.sOKilZ.ttqQ6e6pZqc0OeiipBYyGGao0uURDYkVM_HOmrF4B37cKK1E4PInWiFLHFQYFLHc.ee_lRZ8j4JkMTqEXeF3CvyRHzIcB0rHWiAmu66iRDloPs9W9LkCQg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134667a2fb34da3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=numerical%20tests&__cf_chl_rt_tk=YS2tY9Qjmkdl9_vOtu491LgnrAo6kTpjxIXmxPRrBRw-1739780868-1.0.1.1-bUb4YJ1fqXiBO723mndd4t5dE.96jwJW2BlekwJfBRs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>