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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pregled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pregled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pregled</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pregled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svojstva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svojstva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Svojstva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svojstva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Održanje_naboja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Održanje_naboja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Održanje naboja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Održanje_naboja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Električni naboj</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 116 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriese_lading" title="Elektriese lading – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektriese lading" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%85" title="ቻርጅ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻርጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شحنة كهربائية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شحنة كهربائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="تعميرة د التريسينتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تعميرة د التريسينتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_ll%C3%A9trica" title="Carga llétrica – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carga llétrica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_y%C3%BCk%C3%BC" title="Elektrik yükü – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik yükü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکتریک یوکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکتریک یوکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Lodung" title="Elektrische Lodung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektrische Lodung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычны зарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электрычны зарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрически заряд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বৈদ্যুতিক আধান – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক আধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càrrega elèctrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_(dagitab)" title="Karga (dagitab) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karga (dagitab)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بارگەی کارەبایی – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بارگەی کارەبایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrický náboj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Электро каплам – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро каплам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwefr_drydanol" title="Gwefr drydanol – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwefr drydanol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Ladung" title="Elektrische Ladung – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Ladung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electric charge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_%C5%9Dargo" title="Elektra ŝargo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra ŝargo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carga eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrilaeng" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_elektriko" title="Karga elektriko – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karga elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بار الکتریکی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بار الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6varaus" title="Sähkövaraus – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkövaraus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Charge électrique – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charge électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_l%C3%A4%C3%A4s" title="Elektrisk lääs – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk lääs" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucht_leictreach" title="Lucht leictreach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lucht leictreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carga eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="વિદ્યુતભાર – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિદ્યુતભાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מטען חשמלי – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטען חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="विद्युत आवेश – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत आवेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_t%C3%B6lt%C3%A9s" title="Elektromos töltés – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos töltés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%84" title="Էլեկտրական լիցք – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական լիցք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_electric" title="Carga electric – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carga electric" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muatan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafhle%C3%B0sla" title="Rafhleðsla – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafhleðsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carica elettrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრული მუხტი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული მუხტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_zaryad%C4%B1" title="Elektrik zaryadı – kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Elektrik zaryadı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр заряды" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="បន្ទុកអគ្គីសនី – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បន្ទុកអគ្គីសនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ವಿದ್ಯುದಾವೇಶ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುದಾವೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="전하 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전하" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C3%AA_karebay%C3%AE" title="Barê karebayî – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Barê karebayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электр заряды" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onus_electricum" title="Onus electricum – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Onus electricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_laojing" title="Elektrische laojing – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elektrische laojing" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektros_kr%C5%ABvis" title="Elektros krūvis – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektros krūvis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriskais_l%C4%81di%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Elektriskais lādiņš – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektriskais lādiņš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8D%D2%A5%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Тулэҥер татыл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тулэҥер татыл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Електричен набој – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електричен набој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="വൈദ്യുത ചാർജ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുത ചാർജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Цахилгаан цэнэг – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан цэнэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युतभार – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युतभार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_elektrik" title="Cas elektrik – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cas elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="الکتریکی بار – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الکتریکی بار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="विद्युत आवेश – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युत आवेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrische lading" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_electrica" title="Carga electrica – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carga electrica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaarjii" title="Chaarjii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaarjii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਰਜ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਰਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81adunek_elektryczny" title="Ładunek elektryczny – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ładunek elektryczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria_eletrost%C3%A0tica" title="Caria eletrostàtica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Caria eletrostàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="برقی چارج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برقی چارج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9trica" title="Carga elétrica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carga elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_chaqna" title="Pinchikilla chaqna – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla chaqna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcin%C4%83_electric%C4%83" title="Sarcină electrică – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sarcină electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Электрический заряд – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрический заряд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чаҕыл иитик – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чаҕыл иитик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chairge" title="Electric chairge – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Electric chairge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="اليڪٽرڪ چارج – sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اليڪٽرڪ چارج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electric charge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrický náboj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanab" title="Saldanab – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Saldanab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngarkesa_elektrike" title="Ngarkesa elektrike – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ngarkesa elektrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Наелектрисање – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наелектрисање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedenge" title="Leedenge – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Leedenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muatan listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_laddning" title="Elektrisk laddning – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk laddning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaji_ya_umeme" title="Chaji ya umeme – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chaji ya umeme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னூட்டம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னூட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="విద్యుదావేశం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుదావేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ประจุไฟฟ้า – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประจุไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_zar%C3%BDady" title="Elektrik zarýady – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elektrik zarýady" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_ng_kuryente" title="Karga ng kuryente – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karga ng kuryente" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_y%C3%BCk%C3%BC" title="Elektrik yükü – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik yükü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Электр корылмасы – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр корылмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електричний заряд – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електричний заряд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="برقی بار – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی بار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_zaryad" title="Elektr zaryad – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr zaryad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_e%C5%82%C3%A8trica" title="Carga ełètrica – venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carga ełètrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch" title="Điện tích – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện tích" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_nga_elektrika" title="Karga nga elektrika – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karga nga elektrika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Yanu mbëj – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yanu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7" title="电荷 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电荷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="עלעקטרישע לאדונג – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עלעקטרישע לאדונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80d%C3%ACj%E1%BB%8D_%C3%ACtann%C3%A1" title="Àdìjọ ìtanná – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àdìjọ ìtanná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-h%C5%8D" title="Tiān-hō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-hō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlelesa" title="Umlelesa – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umlelesa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1111#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div 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title="Magnetni moment (stranica ne postoji)">Magnetni dipolni moment</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaussov_zakon_za_magnetizam" title="Gaussov zakon za magnetizam">Gaussov zakon za magnetizam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika" title="Elektrodinamika">Elektrodinamika</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorentzova_sila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorentzova sila (stranica ne postoji)">Lorentzova sila</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetna_indukcija" title="Elektromagnetna indukcija">Elektromagnetna indukcija</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetna_indukcija" title="Elektromagnetna indukcija">Faradayev zakon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenzov_zakon" title="Lenzov zakon">Lenzov zakon</a></li> <li><a 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ne postoji)">Liénard–Wiechertov potencijal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jefimenkove_jedna%C4%8Dine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jefimenkove jednačine (stranica ne postoji)">Jefimenkove jednačine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrtlo%C5%BEne_struje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrtložne struje (stranica ne postoji)">Vrtložne struje</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Londonove_jedna%C4%8Dine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Londonove jednačine (stranica ne postoji)">Londonove jednačine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_mre%C5%BEa" title="Električna mreža">Električna mreža</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">Električna struja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">Električni potencijal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Električni napon">Napon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_otpor" title="Električni otpor">Otpor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohmov_zakon" title="Ohmov zakon">Ohmov zakon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serijska_i_paralelna_mre%C5%BEa#Serijska_kola" title="Serijska i paralelna mreža">Serijska kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serijska_i_paralelna_mre%C5%BEa#Paralelna_kola" title="Serijska i paralelna mreža">Paralelna kola</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istosmjerna_struja" title="Istosmjerna struja">Istosmjerna struja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naizmjeni%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Naizmjenična struja">Naizmjenična struja</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektromotorna_sila" title="Elektromotorna sila">Elektromotorna sila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_kapacitet" title="Električni kapacitet">Kapacitet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Induktivnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Induktivnost (stranica ne postoji)">Induktivnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_impedansa" title="Električna impedansa">Impedansa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rezonator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rezonator (stranica ne postoji)">Rezonantne šupljine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talasovod_(elektromagnetizam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talasovod (elektromagnetizam) (stranica ne postoji)">Talasovodi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kovarijantna_formulacija_klasi%C4%8Dnog_elektromagnetizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kovarijantna formulacija klasičnog elektromagnetizma (stranica ne postoji)">Kovarijantna formulacija</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetni_tenzor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetni tenzor (stranica ne postoji)">Elektromagnetni tenzor</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetni_tenzor_napon-energija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetni tenzor napon-energija (stranica ne postoji)">tenzor napon-energija</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cetiri-tok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Četiri-tok (stranica ne postoji)">Četiri-tok</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetni_%C4%8Detiri-potencijal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetni četiri-potencijal (stranica ne postoji)">Elektromagnetni četiri-potencijal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Naučnici</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm">Ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gau%C3%9F" title="Carl Friedrich Gauß">Gauß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz" title="Heinrich Rudolf Hertz">Hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Ørsted</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-pogledaj"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Elektromagnetizam" title="Šablon:Elektromagnetizam"><abbr title="Pogledaj šablon">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Elektromagnetizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Elektromagnetizam (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovor o šablonu">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Elektromagnetizam&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredi šablon">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Električni naboj</b> je temeljno očuvano svojstvo nekih <a href="/wiki/Subatomske_%C4%8Destice" title="Subatomske čestice">subatomskih čestica</a>, koje određuje njihovu elektromagnetnu interakciju. Električno nabijena materija utiče na, i stvara, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetno_polje" title="Elektromagnetno polje">elektromagnetna polja</a>. Međudjelovanje između naboja i polja je izvor jedne od četiri fundamentalne sile, i to <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetna_sila" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetna sila">elektromagnetne sile</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pregled">Pregled</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Pregled"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Pregled"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Električni naboj je karakteristika subatomskih čestica i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvantizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvantizacija (stranica ne postoji)">kvantiziran</a> je. Kada se izražava kao višekratnik takozvanog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementarni_naboj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementarni naboj (stranica ne postoji)">elementarnog naboja</a> <i>e</i>, <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> ima naboj −1. Naboj elektrona iznosi približno 1.602176462×10<sup>−19</sup> C. Elementarni naboj predstavlja jednu od osnovnih <a href="/wiki/Konstanta" class="mw-disambig" title="Konstanta">konstanti</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizike</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a> ima suprotni naboj +1. <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">Kvark</a> ima dio naboja od −1/3 or +2/3, dok njihovi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti%C4%8Destice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antičestice (stranica ne postoji)">antičestični</a> ekvivalenti ima suprotni naboj. Postoje i druge nabojske čestice. </p><p>Električni naboj makroskopskog objekta je suma električnih naboja njegovih sastavnih dijelova. Često je ukupni iznos električnog naboja jednak nuli, iako je u stvari broj elektrona u svakom <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomu</a> jednak broju protona, pa se njihovi naboji poništavaju. Situacije u kojima suma električnih naboja nije jednaka nuli se često manifestiraju kao <a href="/wiki/Stati%C4%8Dki_elektricitet" title="Statički elektricitet">statički elektricitet</a>. Ako naboj nije jednako raspoređen (iako je suma jednaka nuli) kažemo da je materijal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarizacija (stranica ne postoji)">polariziran</a>. Ako se dio nabijenih čestica kreće u određenom smjeru (to su tipično elektroni) tada oni stvaraju <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električnu struju</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/SI_izvedene_jedinice" class="mw-redirect" title="SI izvedene jedinice">SI jedinica</a> za mjerenje električnog naboja je <a href="/wiki/Kulon" title="Kulon">kulon</a> (po <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizi%C4%8Dari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizičari (stranica ne postoji)">fizičaru</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulombu</a>)), koji predstavlja približno 6.24 x 10<sup>18</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementarni_naboj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementarni naboj (stranica ne postoji)">elementarnog naboja</a> (naboja jednog elektrona ili protona). Kulon se definira kao količina naboja koji protiče kroz presjek <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik" title="Električni provodnik">provodnika</a> nošen <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električnom strujom</a> od jednog <a href="/wiki/Amper" title="Amper">ampera</a> u jednoj <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">sekundi</a>. Simbol <i>Q</i> se koristi za označavanje količine električnog naboja. </p><p>Električni naboj se može direktno mjeriti korištenjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrometar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrometar (stranica ne postoji)">elektrometra</a>. Diskretnu prirodu električnog naboja demostrirao je <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a> u svom eksperimentu s padanjem uljnih kapljica. </p><p>Formalno bi izmjereni naboj trebao biti višekratnik elementarnog naboja <i>e</i> (naboj je kvantiziran), ali je isto tako u prosjeku, makroskopski gledano, više redova veličina veći od elementarnog naboja, zbog čega može efektivno imati bilo koju realnu vrijednost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao što je zapisao Grčki filozof <a href="/wiki/Tales" title="Tales">Tales</a> oko 600 godina PNE, naboj (ili <i>elektricitet</i>) se može akumulirati trljanjem <a href="/wiki/Krzno" title="Krzno">krzna</a> po različitim materijalima, kao što je <a href="/wiki/Jantar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jantar">jantar</a>. Grci su znali da nabijena jantarna dugmad mogu privlačiti lake objekte kao što je <a href="/wiki/Kosa" class="mw-disambig" title="Kosa">kosa</a>. Isto su tako znali da ako dovoljno dugo vremena trljaju jantar mogu dobiti iskakanje iskre. Ovo svojstvo potiče iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribolektri%C4%8Dni_efekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribolektrični efekt (stranica ne postoji)">triboelektričnog efekta</a>. Riječ <i>elektricitet</i> potiče od <i>ηλεκτρον</i> (elektron), Grčke riječi za jantar. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._F._Du_Fay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. F. Du Fay (stranica ne postoji)">C. F. Du Fay</a> je 1733. godine iznio stajalište da elektricitet dolazi u dvije verzije koje poništavaju jedna drugu, i izrazio to izrazima teorije o dvojnosti fluida. Kada se staklo trlja sa svilom, Du Fay je rekao da se staklo nabilo <i>staklenim elektricitetom</i>, a kad se jantar trljao s krznom, rekao je da se jantar nabio <i>smolnim elektricitetom</i>. </p><p>Proučavanje <a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">elektriciteta</a> je postalo popularno u 18. vijeku. Jedan od vodećih stručnjaka je bio <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> koji je zastupao jedno-fluidnu teoriju elektriciteta. Franklin je elektricitet zamišljao kao vrstu nevidljivog fluida koji postoji u svim predmetima; na primjer, vjerovao je da je u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leydenova_staklenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leydenova staklenka (stranica ne postoji)">Leydenovoj staklenci</a> <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklo</a> to koje drži akumulirani naboj. On je postavio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postulat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postulat (stranica ne postoji)">postulat</a> koji kaže da međusobno trljanje površina različitih izolacijskih materijala uzrokuje promjenu lokacije tog fluida, a da tok tog fluida stvara električnu struju. Isto je tako postulirao da je materija <i>negativno</i> naelektrisana kad posjeduje premalo tog fluida, a da je <i>pozitivno</i> naelektrisana kada ima višak tog fluida. Samovoljno (ili iz razloga koji nisu zapisani) je zamijenio izraze stakleni elektricitet sa <i>pozitivni</i> elektricitet i smolni elektricitet sa <i>negativni</i> elektricitet. Otprilike u isto vrijeme je do istih spoznaja došao i <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Watson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Watson (stranica ne postoji)">William Watson</a>. </p><p>Danas znamo da je Franklin/Watsonov model približno tačan, ali pojednostavljen. Materija je zapravo sastavljena od nekoliko vrsta električno nabijenih čestica, najčešće poznajemo pozitivno nabijeni <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> i negativno nabijeni <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>. Umjesto izraza <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električna struja</a> pravilnije je koristiti neki od izraza: tok elektrona, tok elektronskih <i>šupljina</i> koje djeluju kao pozitivne čestice, ili u elektrolitskom slučaju, tok pozitivnih i negativnih čestica poznatih kao <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ioni</a> koji se kreću u suprotnim smjerovima. Zbog pojednostavljivanja ove složenosti, električari i dalje koriste Franklinovu konvenciju i električnu struju (<i>tehničku struju</i>) predstavljaju kao tok isključivo pozitivnih čestica. Tehnička struja pojednostavljuje električne koncepte i proračune, ali zanemaruje činjenicu da unutar nekih provodnika (<a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poluprovodnik" title="Poluprovodnik">poluprovodnika</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazma">plazme</a>), dvije ili više vrsta električnih naboja teku u suprotnim smjerovima. Smjer toka <i>tehničke struje</i> je također suprotan u odnosu na stvarno kretanje elektrona za vrijeme protjecanja električne struje kroz metale, karakteristične provodnike elektriciteta, što predstavlja izvor konfuzije kod početnika u elektrotehnici. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svojstva">Svojstva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Svojstva"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Svojstva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naboj je <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">relativistički</a> invarijantan. Što znači da svaka čestica koja ima naboj <i>q</i>, bez obzira koliko brzo se kreće, ima uvijek naboj <i>q</i>. Ovo je svojstvo eksperimentalno dokazano tako da se pokazalo da je naboj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomska_jezgra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomska jezgra (stranica ne postoji)">jezgre</a> <i>jednog</i> atoma <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helija</a> (dva protona i dva <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a> vezana zajedno i kreću se u jezgri nevjerovatnim brzinama) jednak naboju <i>dvije</i> <a href="/wiki/Deuterij" title="Deuterij">deuterijske</a> jezgre (jedan proton i jedan neutron spojeni zajedno, ali koje se kreću puno sporije nego da su bile u jezgri helija). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Održanje_naboja"><span id="Odr.C5.BEanje_naboja"></span>Održanje naboja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Održanje naboja"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Održanje naboja"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ukupni električni naboj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izolirani_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izolirani sistem (stranica ne postoji)">izoliranog sistema</a> ostaje konstantan bez obzira na promjene unutar samog sistema. Ovaj je zakon svojstven svim fizikalno poznatim procesima i može se izvesti za poznati sistem iz <a href="/wiki/Maxwellove_jedna%C4%8Dine" title="Maxwellove jednačine">Maxwellovih jednačina</a> kao neprekinuta jednačina. Općenitije, ukupna promjena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gusto%C4%87a_naboja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustoća naboja (stranica ne postoji)">gustoće naboja</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> unutar integracijskog volumena <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span> jednaka je površinskom integralu po <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gusto%C4%87a_struje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustoća struje (stranica ne postoji)">gustoći struje</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>J</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/359e4f407b49910e02c27c2f52e87a36cd74c053" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.471ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J}"></span> na površini volumena <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}"></span>, što je zapravo jednako ukupnoj struji <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\int _{V}\rho dV=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathbf {dS} =I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\int _{V}\rho dV=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathbf {dS} =I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5889ef608cd652d3a137ba0cc1c56b9633b9149e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; 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