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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britpop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britpop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Britpop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britpop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Britpop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Britpop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-Britpop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Britpop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop"> <div 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id="toc-House_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_garage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_garage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>UK garage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_garage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drum_and_bass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drum_and_bass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Drum and bass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drum_and_bass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Trip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of music in the UK in the 1990s</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about British popular music of the 1990s. For Classical music, see <a href="/wiki/Classical_music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classical music of the United Kingdom">Classical music of the United Kingdom</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1049414832">.mw-parser-output .Decade_in_music_-UK-{width:18em}.mw-parser-output .Decade_in_music_-UK- .sidebar-above{background:#ddcccc}.mw-parser-output .Decade_in_music_-UK- .sidebar-content{padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .Decade_in_music_-UK- .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px;font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks Decade_in_music_-UK-"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990s in music in the UK</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_Singles_Chart_number_ones_of_the_1990s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1990s">Number-one singles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_Albums_Chart_number_ones_of_the_1990s" title="List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 1990s">Number-one albums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_of_the_1990s_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling singles of the 1990s in the United Kingdom">Best-selling singles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_of_the_1990s_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling albums of the 1990s in the United Kingdom">Best-selling albums</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Events</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_British_music" title="1990 in British music">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_British_music" title="1991 in British music">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_British_music" title="1992 in British music">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_British_music" title="1993 in British music">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_British_music" title="1994 in British music">1994</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_British_music" title="1995 in British music">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_British_music" title="1996 in British music">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_British_music" title="1997 in British music">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_British_music" title="1998 in British music">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_British_music" title="1999 in British music">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist noprint nowrap"> <div style="float: left;">←<a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1980s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)">1980s</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2000s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the United Kingdom (2000s)">2000s</a>→</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Popular <b>music of the United Kingdom</b> in the 1990s continued to develop and diversify. While the singles charts were dominated by <a href="/wiki/Boy_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy bands">boy bands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Girl_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl groups">girl groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_soul" title="British soul">British soul</a> and Indian-based music also enjoyed their greatest level of mainstream success to date, and the rise of <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> helped revitalise the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>. Electronic rock bands like <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical Brothers">Chemical Brothers</a> began to achieve a high profile. <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a> reached the mainstream, emerging from the <a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> scene to produce <a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">dream pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoegazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoegazing">shoegazing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Post rock">post rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a>, which led to the commercial success of <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> bands like <a href="/wiki/Blur_(band)" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>; followed by a stream of <a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">post-Britpop</a> bands like <a href="/wiki/Radiohead_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiohead (band)">Radiohead</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Verve" title="The Verve">The Verve</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rock">Rock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_rock#Indie_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="British rock">British indie rock</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madchester">Madchester</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Madchester"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg/180px-Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg/270px-Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg/360px-Happy_Mondays_June_30_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2427" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Happy_Mondays" title="Happy Mondays">Happy Mondays</a> in concert in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>The independent rock scene that had developed in Manchester in the second half of the 1980s, based in <a href="/wiki/The_Ha%C3%A7ienda" title="The Haçienda">The Haçienda</a> nightclub and around <a href="/wiki/Factory_Records" title="Factory Records">Factory Records</a>, dubbed Madchester, came to national prominence at the end of the decade, with the <a href="/wiki/Happy_Mondays" title="Happy Mondays">Happy Mondays</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inspiral_Carpets" title="Inspiral Carpets">Inspiral Carpets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Roses" title="The Stone Roses">Stone Roses</a> charting late in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scene became the centre of media attention for independent rock in the early 1990s, with bands like <a href="/wiki/World_of_Twist" title="World of Twist">World of Twist</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Fast_Automatic_Daffodils" title="New Fast Automatic Daffodils">New Fast Automatic Daffodils</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_High" title="The High">The High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northside_(band)" title="Northside (band)">Northside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris_Angels" title="Paris Angels">Paris Angels</a>, and Intastella also gaining national attention.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The period of dominance was relatively short lived with The Stone Roses beginning to retreat from public performance while engaged in contractual disputes, the Happy Mondays having difficulty in producing a second album and <a href="/wiki/Factory_Records" title="Factory Records">Factory Records</a> going bankrupt in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local bands catching the tail-end of Madchester, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Mock_Turtles" title="The Mock Turtles">The Mock Turtles</a>, became part of a wider <a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">baggy</a> scene. The music press in the UK began to place more focus on <a href="/wiki/Shoegazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoegazing">shoegazing</a> bands from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">south of England</a> and bands emerging through US <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dream_pop_and_shoegazing">Dream pop and shoegazing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dream pop and shoegazing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoegazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoegazing">Shoegazing</a></div> <p>Dream pop had developed out of the indie rock scene of the 1980s, when bands like <a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Chameleons" title="The Chameleons">The Chameleons</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Passions_(British_band)" title="The Passions (British band)">The Passions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dif_Juz" title="Dif Juz">Dif Juz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowlife_(band)" title="Lowlife (band)">Lowlife</a> and <a href="/wiki/A.R._Kane" title="A.R. Kane">A.R. Kane</a> began fusing <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethereal_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethereal Wave">ethereal</a> experiments with bittersweet <a href="/wiki/Pop_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop (music)">pop</a> melodies into sensual, sonically ambitious soundscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/4AD" title="4AD">4AD</a> record label is the one most associated with dream pop, though others such as <a href="/wiki/Creation_Records" title="Creation Records">Creation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Projekt_Records" title="Projekt Records">Projekt</a>, Fontana, <a href="/wiki/Bedazzled_Records" title="Bedazzled Records">Bedazzled</a>, Vernon Yard, and <a href="/wiki/Slumberland_Records" title="Slumberland Records">Slumberland</a> also released significant records in the genre. A louder, more aggressive strain of dream pop came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Shoegazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoegazing">shoegazing</a>; key bands of this style were <a href="/wiki/Lush_(band)" title="Lush (band)">Lush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slowdive" title="Slowdive">Slowdive</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Bloody_Valentine_(band)" title="My Bloody Valentine (band)">My Bloody Valentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison%27s_Halo" title="Alison's Halo">Alison's Halo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapterhouse_(band)" title="Chapterhouse (band)">Chapterhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curve_(band)" title="Curve (band)">Curve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levitation_(band)" title="Levitation (band)">Levitation</a>. These bands kept the atmospheric qualities of dream pop, but added the intensity of post-punk-influenced bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Chameleons" title="The Chameleons">The Chameleons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonic_Youth" title="Sonic Youth">Sonic Youth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indie_pop">Indie pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Indie pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie pop</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg/200px-Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg/300px-Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg/400px-Belle_and_Sebastian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Belle_%26_Sebastian" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle & Sebastian">Belle & Sebastian</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Initially dubbed '<a href="/wiki/C86_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="C86 (music)">C86</a>' after the 1986 <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> tape, and also known as "cutie", "shambling bands" and later as "twee pop",<sup id="cite_ref-Abebe2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abebe2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indie pop was characterised by jangling guitars, a love of sixties pop and often fey, innocent lyrics.<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicIndiePop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicIndiePop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was inspired by the DIY scene of punk, with a thriving fanzine, label and club and gig circuit, but tended to eschew punk's nihilism and aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicIndiePop_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicIndiePop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early bands included <a href="/wiki/The_Pastels" title="The Pastels">The Pastels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talulah_Gosh" title="Talulah Gosh">Talulah Gosh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Primal_Scream" title="Primal Scream">Primal Scream</a>, and among the most commercially successful were <a href="/wiki/Belle_and_Sebastian" title="Belle and Sebastian">Belle and Sebastian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abebe2005_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abebe2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_rock">Post rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Post rock">Post rock</a></div> <p>Post rock originated in the release of <a href="/wiki/Talk_Talk" title="Talk Talk">Talk Talk</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Stock_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laughing Stock (album)">Laughing Stock</a></i> and US band <a href="/wiki/Slint" title="Slint">Slint</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Spiderland" title="Spiderland">Spiderland</a></i>, both in 1991, which produced experimental work influenced by sources as varied as <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, and minimalist classical music, often abandoning the traditional song format in favour of instrumental and ambient music.<sup id="cite_ref-AMpostrock_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMpostrock-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was first used to describe the band <a href="/wiki/Bark_Psychosis" title="Bark Psychosis">Bark Psychosis</a> and their album <i><a href="/wiki/Hex_(Bark_Psychosis_album)" title="Hex (Bark Psychosis album)">Hex</a></i> (1994), but was soon employed for bands such as <a href="/wiki/Stereolab" title="Stereolab">Stereolab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laika_(band)" title="Laika (band)">Laika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disco_Inferno_(band)" title="Disco Inferno (band)">Disco Inferno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pram_(band)" title="Pram (band)">Pram</a> and other acts in America and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-AMpostrock_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMpostrock-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scottish group <a href="/wiki/Mogwai" title="Mogwai">Mogwai</a> were among some of the influential post-rock groups to arise at the turn of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britpop">Britpop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Britpop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg/200px-Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg/300px-Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg/400px-Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> is considered to be the most commercially successful British rock act of the decade.</figcaption></figure> <p>Britpop emerged from the British indie scene of the early 1990s and was characterised by bands influenced by British guitar pop music of the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement developed as a reaction against various musical and cultural trends in the late 1980s and early 1990s, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> phenomenon from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New British groups such as <a href="/wiki/Suede_(band)" title="Suede (band)">Suede</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blur_(band)" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a> launched the movement by positioning themselves as opposing musical forces, referencing British guitar music of the past and writing about uniquely British topics and concerns. These bands were soon joined by others including <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(band)" title="Pulp (band)">Pulp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supergrass" title="Supergrass">Supergrass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elastica" title="Elastica">Elastica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britpop groups brought British indie rock into the mainstream and formed the backbone of a larger British cultural movement called <a href="/wiki/Cool_Britannia" title="Cool Britannia">Cool Britannia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although its more popular bands were able to spread their commercial success overseas, especially to the United States, the movement largely fell apart by the end of the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-Britpop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></div> <p>By 1999, as dissatisfaction grew with the concept of Cool Britannia, and Britpop as a movement began to dissolve, emerging bands began to avoid the Britpop label while still producing music derived from it.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these bands tended to mix elements of British traditional rock (or British trad rock),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly the <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Small_Faces" title="Small Faces">Small Faces</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Patridis2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patridis2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with American influences, including post-grunge.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicTravis_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicTravis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-Britpop bands like <a href="/wiki/The_Verve" title="The Verve">The Verve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_(band)" title="Travis (band)">Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereophonics" title="Stereophonics">Stereophonics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feeder_(band)" title="Feeder (band)">Feeder</a>, achieved much wider international success than most of the Britpop groups that had preceded them, and were some of the most commercially successful acts of the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicTravis_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicTravis-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicStereophonics_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicStereophonics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicColdplay_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicColdplay-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pop">Pop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Boy_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy bands">Boy bands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Girl_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl groups">Girl groups</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spice_Girls_(6_janv)_56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg/200px-Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg/300px-Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg/400px-Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a> one of the biggest British pop acts of the 1990s. They had a #1 Billboard Hot 100 hit with <a href="/wiki/Wannabe_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wannabe (song)">Wannabe</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The success of American boy band <a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block" title="New Kids on the Block">New Kids on the Block</a> from about 1989, led to replica acts in the UK, including <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Martin-Smith" title="Nigel Martin-Smith">Nigel Martin-Smith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Take_That" title="Take That">Take That</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_17" title="East 17">East 17</a>, competing with Irish bands <a href="/wiki/Westlife" title="Westlife">Westlife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boyzone" title="Boyzone">Boyzone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, girl groups began to reappear, like the R&B act <a href="/wiki/Eternal_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal (band)">Eternal</a>, who achieved a string of international hits from 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinclair2004_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinclair2004-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most successful and influential act of the genre were the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a>, who added well-aimed publicity and the ideology of <a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">girl power</a> to their pop careers. They had nine number 1 singles in the UK and US, including "<a href="/wiki/Wannabe_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wannabe (song)">Wannabe</a>", "<a href="/wiki/2_Become_1" title="2 Become 1">2 Become 1</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Spice_Up_Your_Life" title="Spice Up Your Life">Spice Up Your Life</a>" from 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinclair2004_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinclair2004-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were followed by British groups like <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_(group)" title="All Saints (group)">All Saints</a>, who had five number 1 hits in the UK and two multi-platinum albums.<sup id="cite_ref-Warwick2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the century the grip of boy bands on the charts was faltering, but proved the basis for solo careers like that of <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Williams" title="Robbie Williams">Robbie Williams</a>, formerly of Take That, who achieved seven Number One singles in the UK between 1998 and 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Warwick2004_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_music">Electronic music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electronic music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">Drum and bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_music">House music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: House music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_music#UK:_1986–early_1990s" title="House music">House music § UK: 1986–early 1990s</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_garage">UK garage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: UK garage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a></div> <p>UK garage originated from England, particularly in London in the early 1990s and emerged from styles such as <a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">garage house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jungle_music" title="Jungle music">jungle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a>, and usually features a distinctive 4/4 percussive rhythm with syncopated hi-hats, cymbals and snares, and sometimes includes irregular kick drum patterns. Garage tracks also commonly feature 'chopped up' and time-stretched or pitch-shifted vocal samples complementing the underlying rhythmic structure at a tempo usually around 130 BPM. UK garage gave rise to subgenres such as <a href="/wiki/Speed_garage" title="Speed garage">speed garage</a> and <a href="/wiki/2-step_garage" title="2-step garage">2-step</a>, and was then largely subsumed into other styles of music and production in the mid-2000s, including <a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">grime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bassline_(music_genre)" title="Bassline (music genre)">bassline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubstep" title="Dubstep">dubstep</a>. The decline of UK garage during the mid-2000s saw the birth of <a href="/wiki/UK_funky" title="UK funky">UK funky</a>, which is closely related. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drum_and_bass">Drum and bass</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Drum and bass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">Drum and bass</a></div> <p>Drum and bass emerged from the London <a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">breakbeat</a> <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_techno" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore techno">hardcore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">rave</a> scene of the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-AllmusicDnB_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllmusicDnB-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally known as <a href="/wiki/Oldschool_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldschool jungle">jungle</a>, it was a pop-created fusion of hardcore, house and techno which was usually instrumental, using extremely fast polyrhythms and breakbeats and incorporating elements from <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electro_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro music">electro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AllmusicDnB_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllmusicDnB-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pioneered by figures like Club Rage DJs <a href="/wiki/Fabio_(DJ)" title="Fabio (DJ)">Fabio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grooverider" title="Grooverider">Grooverider</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman2004_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman2004-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the mid-1990s the genre expanded from an underground and pirate radio scene to form subgenres including the <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_drum_and_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent drum and bass">intelligent drum and bass</a> pioneered by <a href="/wiki/LTJ_Bukem" title="LTJ Bukem">LTJ Bukem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman2004_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman2004-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ambient jungle<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman2004_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman2004-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Goldie" title="Goldie">Goldie</a>'s crossover debut <i><a href="/wiki/Timeless_(Goldie_album)" title="Timeless (Goldie album)">Timeless</a></i> (1995) and the <a href="/wiki/Jazzstep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazzstep">jazzstep</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roni_Size" title="Roni Size">Roni Size</a>'s Mercury Award-winning <i><a href="/wiki/New_Forms" title="New Forms">New Forms</a></i> (1997).<sup id="cite_ref-AllmusicDnB_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllmusicDnB-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent artists included <a href="/wiki/Shy_FX" title="Shy FX">Shy FX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Rush" title="Ed Rush">Ed Rush</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_Hero" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Hero">4 Hero</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_Rap" title="DJ Rap">DJ Rap</a>, some fusing drum and bass with influences from jazz, film music, ambient and trip-hop.<sup id="cite_ref-AllmusicDnB_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllmusicDnB-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman2004_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman2004-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trip_hop">Trip hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Trip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemical_brothers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chemical_brothers.jpg/200px-Chemical_brothers.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chemical_brothers.jpg/300px-Chemical_brothers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chemical_brothers.jpg/400px-Chemical_brothers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Chemical_Brothers" title="The Chemical Brothers">The Chemical Brothers</a> performing live, 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> saw more exposure at rock music festivals like <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Raves</a>, many illegal, continued to be organised and the tension caused by police attention, new putative legislation aimed at organisers, and the increase of harder music, led many dance music fans to return to legal night clubs, where rave music had given way to <a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">progressive house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other clubs emerged to play the ever-splintering genres associated with the <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> and rave scene, including <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_techno" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore techno">hardcore techno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtempo" title="Downtempo">downtempo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Happy_hardcore" title="Happy hardcore">happy hardcore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bristol scene saw the development of <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a>, which mixed house and hip hop producing successful bands such as <a href="/wiki/Massive_Attack" title="Massive Attack">Massive Attack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portishead_(band)" title="Portishead (band)">Portishead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell2001_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell2001-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1990s also saw the development and refinement of <a href="/wiki/IDM_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="IDM (music)">IDM</a> (Intelligent Dance Music), which borrowed from forms such as <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a> music and introduced more abstract elements, including heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">digital signal processing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most commercially successful products of these scenes were acts like <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical Brothers">Chemical Brothers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fat_Boy_Slim" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Boy Slim">Fat Boy Slim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metal">Metal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal music</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Extreme_metal" title="Extreme metal">Extreme metal</a> bands were rarely covered in mainstream media and rarely appeared on television.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007111_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007111-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of what separated the British metal music of the 1990s was a sense of a humor and irony that was not as nearly widespread as the European and American metal groups of the era.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even among the more 'serious' British groups such as <a href="/wiki/Carcass_(band)" title="Carcass (band)">Carcass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gorerotted" title="Gorerotted">Gorerotted</a> have displayed a tongue-in-cheek attitude.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British extreme metal scene produced bands of worldside significance and popularity such as <a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Filth" title="Cradle of Filth">Cradle of Filth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other metal oriented media that originated in the United Kingdom included magazines such as <i>Terrorizer</i> which have a reputation worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahn-Harris2007110-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hip_hop">Hip hop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="British hip hop">British hip hop</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg/200px-Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg/300px-Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg/400px-Stereo_MCs_Orange_Music_Haifa_2005_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stereo_MCs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo MCs">Stereo MCs</a> at the Orange Music Experience Festival, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 1990s the British hip hop seemed to be thriving, with flourishing scenes in London, Bristol and Nottingham.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell2001_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell2001-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British rap became more assured of its identity, abandoning American accents and developing a more distinctive sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell2001_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell2001-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the anticipated mainstream success was not achieved, with the British hip hop scene particularly affected by the record industry clamping down on <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a>. The result was the development of the <a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">breakbeat</a> culture, searching out obscure recordings<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell2001_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell2001-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the creation of original music, with bands like <a href="/wiki/Stereo_MCs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo MCs">Stereo MCs</a> beginning to playing instruments and sampling their own tunes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arguably this led to a creative renaissance, with British hip hop shifting from the hardcore American template and moving into more melodic territory.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soul">Soul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Soul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_soul" title="British soul">British soul</a></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Soul_II_Soul" title="Soul II Soul">Soul II Soul</a>'s breakthrough R&B hits "<a href="/wiki/Keep_on_Movin%27_(Soul_II_Soul_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keep on Movin' (Soul II Soul song)">Keep on Movin'</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Back_to_Life_(However_Do_You_Want_Me)" title="Back to Life (However Do You Want Me)">Back to Life</a>" in 1989, existing black soul acts, including <a href="/wiki/Omar_Lye-Fook" title="Omar Lye-Fook">Omar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">acid jazz</a> bands <a href="/wiki/Incognito_(band)" title="Incognito (band)">Incognito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamiroquai" title="Jamiroquai">Jamiroquai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brand_New_Heavies" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand New Heavies">Brand New Heavies</a>, were now able to pursue mainstream recording careers.<sup id="cite_ref-Wald1997_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wald1997-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly noticeable was the proliferation of British female black singers including <a href="/wiki/Mica_Paris" title="Mica Paris">Mica Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caron_Wheeler" title="Caron Wheeler">Caron Wheeler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_(singer)" title="Gabrielle (singer)">Gabrielle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Small" title="Heather Small">Heather Small</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2002_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood2002-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_resurgence">Folk resurgence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Folk resurgence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revival</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kate_Rusby_live.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kate_Rusby_live.jpg/180px-Kate_Rusby_live.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kate_Rusby_live.jpg/270px-Kate_Rusby_live.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kate_Rusby_live.jpg/360px-Kate_Rusby_live.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kate_Rusby" title="Kate Rusby">Kate Rusby</a> on stage.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional folk music, having been in a slow decline from mainstream popularity since the 1970s, began to enjoy a resurgence in the 1990s, benefiting from the more general interest in <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Else2007_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Else2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrival, and sometimes mainstream success, of acts like <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Bennett" title="Martyn Bennett">Martyn Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Rusby" title="Kate Rusby">Kate Rusby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kerr" title="Nancy Kerr">Nancy Kerr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Tickell" title="Kathryn Tickell">Kathryn Tickell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiers_and_Boden" title="Spiers and Boden">Spiers and Boden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blazin%27_Fiddles" title="Blazin' Fiddles">Blazin' Fiddles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Carthy" title="Eliza Carthy">Eliza Carthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runrig" title="Runrig">Runrig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capercaillie_(band)" title="Capercaillie (band)">Capercaillie</a>, all largely concerned with acoustic performance of traditional material, marked a radical turn around in the fortunes of British folk music.<sup id="cite_ref-Broughton1999_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broughton1999-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reflected in the adoption creation of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2_Folk_Awards" title="BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards">BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards</a> in 2000 and the profile for folk music was as high as it had been for over thirty years.<sup id="cite_ref-Else2007_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Else2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Bhangra">Post-Bhangra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Post-Bhangra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra (music)</a></div> <p>After the establishment of thriving south Asian music scenes in the 1980s, the 1990s saw Indian music reach the mainstream, particularly through a series of "post-Bhangra" fusions.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mix of <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a> and reggae beats helped make <a href="/wiki/Apache_Indian_(musician)" title="Apache Indian (musician)">Apache Indian</a> the first British south Asian pop star, reaching number 5 in the UK singles charts with "<a href="/wiki/Boom_Shack-A-Lak" title="Boom Shack-A-Lak">Boom Shack-A-Lak</a>" in 1990 and becoming the first south Asian DJ on a major national station in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Broughton1999_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broughton1999-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album <i>Migration</i> (1994) by <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Sawhney" title="Nitin Sawhney">Nitin Sawhney</a> fused <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> and other genres with <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a>. By 1997 Indian music artists such as <a href="/wiki/Talvin_Singh" title="Talvin Singh">Talvin Singh</a> had become mainstream stars in the UK. In 1998 <a href="/wiki/Cornershop_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornershop (band)">Cornershop</a>, reached number 1 in the singles charts with a version of "<a href="/wiki/Brimful_of_Asha" title="Brimful of Asha">Brimful of Asha</a>" remixed by <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Broughton1999_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broughton1999-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declining_American_popularity_and_increasing_divergence_with_US_styles">Declining American popularity and increasing divergence with US styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Declining American popularity and increasing divergence with US styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the latter half of the decade, British music was declining in popularity in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oasis and Blur were not considered phenomenons but <a href="/wiki/One-hit_wonder" title="One-hit wonder">one-hit wonders</a> stateside.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">Electronica</a> styles were less well received in America than at home while genres that were popular in the United States such as <a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a> were not picked up by UK artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British "quirkiness" and regional sensibilities that once were considered strengths there were now considered weakness by the increasingly <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchic</a> American music industry that was interested in marketing to young teens.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_music" title="1990s in music">1990s in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1950s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1950s)">Music of the United Kingdom (1950s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1960s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1960s)">Music of the United Kingdom (1960s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1970s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1970s)">Music of the United Kingdom (1970s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1980s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)">Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2000s)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the United Kingdom (2000s)">Music of the United Kingdom (2000s)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Allmusicrockindie-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusicrockindie_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra, S. T. Erlewine, <i>AllMusic Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul</i> (Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), pp. 1346–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/dream-pop-ma0000012303">"Dream Pop Music Genre Overview"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dream+Pop+Music+Genre+Overview&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fdream-pop-ma0000012303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+United+Kingdom+%281990s%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/shoegaze-ma0000004454">"Shoegaze Music Genre Overview"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Buckley, <i> The Rough Guide to Rock</i>, (London: Rough Guides, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowntree2001" class="citation news cs1">Rowntree, Barney (10 August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/reviews/1482738.stm">"BBC News website: British hip hop renaissance"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Davenport, <i>Great Britain</i> (London, Lonely Planet, 2007), p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broughton1999-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Broughton1999_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broughton1999_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broughton1999_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Broughton, M. Ellingham, R. Trillo, O. Duane, and V. Dowell, <i>World Music: The Rough Guide</i> (London: Rough Guides, 1999), pp. 83–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Donnell, <i>Companion to contemporary Black British culture</i> (London: Taylor & Francis, 2002), p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jenkins-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2002" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Mark (3 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/culture/2002/05/the-end-of-the-british-invasion.html">"The end of the British Invasion"</a>. <i>Slate Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+end+of+the+British+Invasion.&rft.date=2002-05-03&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fculture%2F2002%2F05%2Fthe-end-of-the-british-invasion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+United+Kingdom+%281990s%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahn-Harris2007" class="citation book cs1">Kahn-Harris, Keith (2007). <i>Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge</i>. Berg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845203993" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845203993"><bdi>978-1845203993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extreme+Metal%3A+Music+and+Culture+on+the+Edge&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1845203993&rft.aulast=Kahn-Harris&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+United+Kingdom+%281990s%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Music of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Music of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Art music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">Early music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_England" title="Music in Medieval England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Music in Medieval Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Early_song" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Baroque music of the British Isles">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classical music of the United Kingdom">Classical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History of popular music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_British_popular_music" title="Early British popular music">Early popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1950s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1960s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1960s)">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1970s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1980s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2000s_and_2010s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (2000s and 2010s)">2000s and 2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Traditional genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_song" title="Children's song">Children's song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song#Protest_songs_from_the_U.K." title="Protest song">Protest song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathspey_(dance)" title="Strathspey (dance)">Strathspey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Contemporary<br />popular genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music#United_Kingdom" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom#Folk_music" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Folk_music" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">Hip Hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_drill" title="UK drill">Drill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_jazz" title="British jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_popular_music" title="British popular music">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in the United Kingdom">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_soul" title="British soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlager">Schlager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Ethnic music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Media and<br />performance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Music_Awards" title="BBC Music Awards">BBC Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2_Folk_Awards" title="BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards">BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_Awards" title="Brit Awards">Brit Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Brit_Awards" title="Classic Brit Awards">Classic Brit Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Awards" title="Global Awards">Global Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_Classical_Music_Awards" title="Gramophone Classical Music Awards">Gramophone Classical Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards" title="Ivor Novello Awards">Ivor Novello Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_Awards" title="Kerrang! Awards">Kerrang! Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Prize" title="Mercury Prize">Mercury Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOBO_Awards" title="MOBO Awards">MOBO Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">Albums chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Classical_Charts" title="UK Classical Charts">Classical charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Compilation_Chart" title="UK Compilation Chart">Compilation chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Dance_Singles_and_Albums_Charts" title="UK Dance Singles and Albums Charts">Dance chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Downloads_Chart" title="UK Singles Downloads Chart">Download chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Independent_Singles_and_Albums_Charts" title="UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts">Indie chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_R%26B_Singles_and_Albums_Charts" title="UK R&B Singles and Albums Charts">R&B chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rock_%26_Metal_Singles_and_Albums_Charts" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Rock & Metal Singles and Albums Charts">Rock chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">Singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Subscription_Plays_Chart" title="Official Subscription Plays Chart">Subscription plays chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomtown_(festival)" title="Boomtown (festival)">Boomtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C2C:_Country_to_Country" title="C2C: Country to Country">C2C: Country to Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Folk_Festival" title="Cambridge Folk Festival">Cambridge Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Download_Festival" title="Download Festival">Download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Festival">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival" title="Glastonbury Festival">Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Festival" title="Isle of Wight Festival">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerts_at_Knebworth_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Concerts at Knebworth House">Knebworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Proms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Proms">The Proms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading and Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidmouth_Folk_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidmouth Folk Week">Sidmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_in_the_Park" title="T in the Park">T in the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival" title="V Festival">V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FRoots" title="FRoots">fRoots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_(magazine)" title="Gramophone (magazine)">The Gramophone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(magazine)" title="The Wire (magazine)">The Wire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National anthem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Regional music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Isles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Birmingham (<a href="/wiki/Classical_music_of_Birmingham" title="Classical music of Birmingham">Classical music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_of_Birmingham" title="Jazz of Birmingham">Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_music_of_Birmingham" title="Popular music of Birmingham">Popular music</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cardiff" title="Music of Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liverpool" title="Music of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Manchester#Music" title="Culture of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Newport" title="Music of Newport">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northumbria" title="Music of Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somerset" title="Music of Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sussex" title="Music of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Yorkshire#Music" title="Culture of Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Anguilla" title="Music of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" title="Music of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Music of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montserrat" title="Music of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Music of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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