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href="#Electoral_Record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electoral Record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_Record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes" title="Edgar Nelson Rhodes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edgar Nelson Rhodes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="ادجار نيلسون رودس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادجار نيلسون رودس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Роудс, Эдгар Нельсон – 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian politician (1877–1942)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Edgar Nelson Rhodes</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes.jpg/220px-Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">10th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">Premier of Nova Scotia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 16, 1925 – August 11, 1930</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Robson_Douglas" title="James Robson Douglas">James Robson Douglas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Cranswick_Tory" title="James Cranswick Tory">James Cranswick Tory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Howard_Armstrong" title="Ernest Howard Armstrong">Ernest Howard Armstrong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Sidney_Harrington" title="Gordon Sidney Harrington">Gordon Sidney Harrington</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">15th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 18, 1917 – March 5, 1922</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governors General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Cavendish,_9th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire">The Duke of Devonshire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Julian_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Byng_of_Vimy" title="Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy">Baron Byng of Vimy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Laird_Borden" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Laird Borden">Robert Laird Borden</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_S%C3%A9vigny" title="Albert Sévigny">Albert Sévigny</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Rodolphe Lemieux</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> for Amherst, Nova Scotia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 20, 1935 – March 15, 1942</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Richmond%E2%80%94West_Cape_Breton" title="Richmond—West Cape Breton">Richmond—West Cape Breton</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 11, 1930 – July 20, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Macdonald_(Nova_Scotia_politician)" title="John Alexander Macdonald (Nova Scotia politician)">John Alexander Macdonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The electoral district was abolished in 1933.</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">Nova Scotia House of Assembly</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hants_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Hants (provincial electoral district)">Hants County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 25, 1925 – August 11, 1930<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Parsons" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert E. Parsons">Albert E. Parsons</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_William_Reid" title="James William Reid">James W. Reid</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stirling_MacMillan" title="Alexander Stirling MacMillan">Alexander S. MacMillan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cumberland (federal electoral district)">Cumberland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 26, 1908 – December 6, 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hance_James_Logan" title="Hance James Logan">Hance James Logan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Hance James Logan</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1877-01-05</span>)</span>January 5, 1877<br /><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Nova_Scotia" title="Amherst, Nova Scotia">Amherst, Nova Scotia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 15, 1942<span style="display:none">(1942-03-15)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative Party</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia Conservative Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Grace Pipes m, 1905</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Lawyer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Federal</b>:<br />Minister of Fisheries (1930–1932)<br />Minister of Finance and Receiver General (1932–1935)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edgar Nelson Rhodes</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span></span> (January 5, 1877 – March 15, 1942), was a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">parliamentarian</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> who served as <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">Premier of Nova Scotia</a> from 1925 to 1930. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> in 1908 as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative Party</a>. In January 1917, he became <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada">Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada</a> when his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Albert_S%C3%A9vigny" title="Albert Sévigny">Albert Sévigny</a>, was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Cabinet">Canadian Cabinet</a>. Rhodes was retained in the position following the <a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">1917 election</a> that fall, becoming the third Speaker since <a href="/wiki/James_Cockburn_(politician,_born_1819)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Cockburn (politician, born 1819)">James Cockburn</a> to preside over more than one Parliament. In 1921, he was made a member of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Queen's Privy Council for Canada</a> before retiring from politics to become president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=British-American_Nickel_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British-American Nickel Company (page does not exist)">British-American Nickel Company</a>, whose previous president had been <a href="/wiki/James_Hamet_Dunn" title="James Hamet Dunn">James Hamet Dunn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premiership">Premiership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Premiership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company failed in 1925, and he returned to provincial politics. Prior to the 1925 provincial election, he was asked to become leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia Conservative Party</a> after the leader of the party, W. L. Hall, was assaulted on the waterfront. Rhodes took over the party and led it to victory in the 1925 election. The Conservatives defeated a <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party" title="Nova Scotia Liberal Party">Liberal</a> government that had been in power for forty-three years but had been, in its last years, wracked by an economic downturn and severe labour unrest among miners in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton</a>. </p><p>Rhodes ran on a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Rights_Movement" title="Maritime Rights Movement">Maritime Rights</a> platform, promising to curtail federal influence and stop the exodus of people from the province. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Tories</a> more than doubled their seats in the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">Nova Scotia House of Assembly</a>, winning forty out of forty-three seats. An important factor in their victory was the failure of the governing Liberals to resolve a long strike by the province's coal miners. When Cape Breton coal miner William Davis was killed by company police in a confrontation on June 11, voters looked to the Tories for solutions. Rhodes engineered a settlement of the dispute and appointed a royal commission. The new government later introduced <a href="/wiki/Pensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensions">pensions</a> for teachers and allowances for widowed mothers. </p><p>During its first term, the government eliminated the <a href="/wiki/Ministerial_by-election" title="Ministerial by-election">requirement for newly-appointed ministers to run for re-election</a> in 1927. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_of_the_Legislative_Council">Abolition of the Legislative Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Abolition of the Legislative Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Legislative Council of Nova Scotia">Legislative Council</a>, the province's appointed <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, dated from 1838 and was meant to mimic the imperial <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. It had, however, been the source of constant criticism from 1870, and every government since 1878 had promised or at least supported its abolition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council had been normally sized at 21 members prior to confederation, and the <a href="/wiki/British_North_America_Act_1867" class="mw-redirect" title="British North America Act 1867">British North America Act 1867</a> provided for the continuation of provincial constitutions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231–232_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231–232-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Failing to further specify anything on such constitutions, the Act left doubt as to whether the Council was therefore limited to the customary 21 members, the 18 members actually empanelled at the time of the Act, or as many members as the Sovereign, however represented in Nova Scotia, wished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further statutes of the provincial constitution continued this confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar equivocation existed as to whether appointments to the Council were for life or the mere pleasure of the Sovereign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Partisan politics also played a role in this issue, with Liberals largely yielding to the Council's presence as it was able to help the party organization and Tories opposing it for that reason.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957156–157_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957156–157-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liberal <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Murray" title="George Henry Murray">George Henry Murray</a>, premier from 1896 to 1923, nominally supported its abolition but introduced only half-hearted measures to that end, and when money was ample enough to afford the second chamber he and the Liberal press largely supported its continuation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957248_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957248-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1923, the communist J. B. McLachlan stoked enough fear that the Council was able to position itself as the last barrier to his activities. Murray's successor Armstrong reformed the Council by limiting future appointees to ten-year terms in 1925, but achieved little else.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957249_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957249-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of Rhodes's assumption of office, only one Conservative was on the Council. The new government declined to fill vacancies in the Council lest the new officeholders become too attached to its continued existence. It appointed F. P. Bligh to represent it in the Council in 1926, making him its President in 1927, and appointed R. H. Butts to be the government leader; those were the only two appointments of the government to the Council that were not for the express purpose of securing its abolition. Rhodes attempted to pay off the councillors in 1926, with ten-year pensions to those appointed for life and five-year pensions to those appointed for ten years, but the offer was rejected. After this failure, Rhodes advised the Lieutenant-Governor <a href="/wiki/James_Cranswick_Tory" title="James Cranswick Tory">James Cranswick Tory</a> to appoint enough Councillors to vote the body out of existence, arguing that the Sovereign, duly represented by the Lieutenant-Governor in Nova Scotia, continued to have the right to appoint an unlimited number of persons to the Council. Tory referred the matter to the federal <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_in_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General in Council">Governor General in Council</a>, who told him to limit the appointments to 21 total councillors pending further judicial review.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this second setback, the government introduced a bill in 1926, and another in 1927, to abolish the Council; unlikely to pass, they were to absolve the government of any blame for the Council's continued existence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After these setbacks, and considering taking the issue to a provincial referendum, the government ultimately appealed to the imperial <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a>, where it won a total victory; not only was the Sovereign, and by extension the Lieutenant Governor in Council, able to appoint as many Legislative Councillors as desired, but also that such councillors served at pleasure if appointed prior to the 1925 statute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250–251_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250–251-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now at the mercy of Rhodes after having ironically declined a written constitution, the Council offered its abolition but Rhodes declined. The Council had at this point 17 members; six of them were appointed under the 1925 statute and were thus immune from the executive, whereas two were Conservatives, A. W. Redden and W. H. Owen, who were allowed to keep their seats despite Owen's lack of a formal pledge to support abolition. The remaining nine were Liberals who, despite their pledged support for abolition were ordered to resign or face dismissal; three resigned and six were dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government appointed 14 new Tories, bringing the Council to 22 for the first time; in addition to the symbolism, this number allowed every <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of counties of Nova Scotia">county</a> to take part of the abolition. Lest any appointees go rogue and become attached to their legislative role, the government ensured that very little legislative work would happen in 1928, whose session was primarily occupied by partying and feasting. Bligh gave the farewell speech, ending it with "<a href="/wiki/Sic_transit_gloria_mundi" title="Sic transit gloria mundi">sic transitur gloria mundi</a>", which was drowned out by the revelry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The councillors adopted the motto of "let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die" for their final day in office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957252_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957252-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term">Second term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Rhodes government was re-elected in 1928 with a reduced <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority</a>. </p><p>Having criticized prohibition in 1927, Rhodes scheduled <a href="/wiki/1929_Nova_Scotia_Government_Control_of_Liquor_referendum" title="1929 Nova Scotia Government Control of Liquor referendum">a referendum on the topic</a> for October 31, 1929. The referendum resulted in the discontinuance of outright prohibition in favour of government control of liquor sales. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Mahoney" title="John Francis Mahoney">John Francis Mahoney</a>, the Minister for Natural Resources, died in a car accident on September 2, 1929. After that point, the government's majority was only two, and Rhodes opened a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> in December to confirm the placement of George H. Murphy, Mahoney's successor as minister, in the seat that Mahoney had been narrowly elected to in the general election. Rhodes took the by-election as a referendum on his government's mandate, and had waited until December to drop the writ to capitalize on the success of the referendum and internal division in the Liberal leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Whig-Standard_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whig-Standard-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Murphy won the election, which happened on January 21, with a sizeable majority.<sup id="cite_ref-1930_election_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1930_election-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhodes thus had the necessary confidence to retain office until the government's term expired in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-Whig-Standard_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whig-Standard-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he himself would not be premier for that duration, as the Conservatives <a href="/wiki/1930_Canadian_federal_election" title="1930 Canadian federal election">would regain federal office</a> in August and have the new prime minister <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a> appoint him to be the new Minister of Fisheries at Ottawa. Rhodes chose <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Sidney_Harrington" title="Gordon Sidney Harrington">Gordon Sidney Harrington</a> as his successor at Halifax. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He returned to federal politics to become Minister of Fisheries under <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/R.B._Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="R.B. Bennett">R.B. Bennett</a>. From 1932 to 1935, he served as federal <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">Finance Minister</a>, and, despite the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, handed down austere <a href="/wiki/Budget" title="Budget">budgets</a> that increased taxes and reduced spending. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate_and_later_life">Senate and later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senate and later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate of Canada</a> three months before the <a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935 federal election</a> that routed Bennett's government. He remained a Senator until his death in 1942 in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>. He is buried in Ottawa's <a href="/wiki/Beechwood_Cemetery" title="Beechwood Cemetery">Beechwood Cemetery</a>. </p><p>On July 12, 1905, he married Mary Grace Pipes, daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Pipes" title="William Thomas Pipes">William Thomas Pipes</a>, Rhodes' law partner and Premier of Nova Scotia from 1882 to 1884. They had one son, Edgar Nelson, and one daughter, Helen Sybil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_Record">Electoral Record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electoral Record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:573px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1908_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template:1908 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1908_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template talk:1908 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1908_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1908 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1908_Canadian_federal_election" title="1908 Canadian federal election">1908 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cumberland (federal electoral district)">Cumberland</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edgar Nelson Rhodes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>J. Layton Ralston</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,310 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:573px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1911_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template:1911 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1911_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template talk:1911 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1911_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1911 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1911_Canadian_federal_election" title="1911 Canadian federal election">1911 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cumberland (federal electoral district)">Cumberland</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edgar Nelson Rhodes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,780 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Hance James Logan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,442 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:573px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1917_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template:1917 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1917_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template talk:1917 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1917_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1917 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">1917 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cumberland (federal electoral district)">Cumberland</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Government (Unionist)</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edgar Nelson Rhodes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,655 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Liberals" title="Laurier Liberals">Opposition (Laurier Liberals)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hance_James_Logan" title="Hance James Logan">Hance James Logan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,459 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:573px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1921_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template:1921 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1921_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Template talk:1921 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1921_Canadian_federal_election/Cumberland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1921 Canadian federal election/Cumberland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1921_Canadian_federal_election" title="1921 Canadian federal election">1921 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Cumberland (federal electoral district)">Cumberland</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hance_James_Logan" title="Hance James Logan">Hance James Logan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></td> <td>Charles Edward Bent</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,407 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #66CC00; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive</a></td> <td>James Anderson MacKinnon</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,094 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231–232-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957231–232_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, pp. 231–232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957232–233_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, pp. 232–233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957156–157-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957156–157_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, pp. 156–157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957248-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957248_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957249-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957249_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250–251-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957250–251_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, pp. 250–251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957251_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck1957252-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck1957252_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeck1957">Beck 1957</a>, p. 252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whig-Standard-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whig-Standard_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whig-Standard_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kingston-whig-standard-rhodes-gamble/126234782/">"Rhodes Gambles on By-Election"</a>. <i>The Kingston Whig-Standard</i>. Vol. 4, no. 3. Kingston, Ontario. December 4, 1929. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kingston+Whig-Standard&rft.atitle=Rhodes+Gambles+on+By-Election&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1929-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-kingston-whig-standard-rhodes-gamble%2F126234782%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Nelson+Rhodes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1930_election-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1930_election_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-mail-dr-murphy-carries-city/126237220/">"Dr. Murphy Carries City, Dartmouth, and County Decisively"</a>. <i>The Evening Mail</i>. Vol. 52, no. 19. Halifax. Independent Canadian Press. January 22, 1930. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Mail&rft.atitle=Dr.+Murphy+Carries+City%2C+Dartmouth%2C+and+County+Decisively&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1930-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-evening-mail-dr-murphy-carries-city%2F126237220%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Nelson+Rhodes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1957" class="citation book cs1">Beck, James Murray (1957). Dawson, R. MacG. (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governmentofnova0000beck"><i>The Government of Nova Scotia</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=James+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernmentofnova0000beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Nelson+Rhodes" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=12104">Edgar Nelson Rhodes – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913044618/http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/speakers/Hoc/sp-15Rhodes-e.htm">"Hon. Edgar Nelson Rhodes"</a>. The Speakers of the Canadian House of Commons. Parliament of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/speakers/Hoc/sp-15Rhodes-e.htm">the original</a> on September 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hon.+Edgar+Nelson+Rhodes&rft.series=The+Speakers+of+the+Canadian+House+of+Commons&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lop.parl.gc.ca%2FAbout%2FParliament%2Fspeakers%2FHoc%2Fsp-15Rhodes-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Nelson+Rhodes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=97657&lang=eng/">Edgar Nelson Rhodes fonds, Library and Archives Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">Premiers of Nova Scotia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before Confederation<br />(1848–1867)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Boyle_Uniacke" title="James Boyle Uniacke">Uniacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Young_(Nova_Scotia_politician)" title="William Young (Nova Scotia politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Johnston" title="James William Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Young_(Nova_Scotia_politician)" title="William Young (Nova Scotia politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Johnston" title="James William Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Confederation<br />(1867–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Blanchard" title="Hiram Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Annand" title="William Annand">Annand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Carteret_Hill" title="Philip Carteret Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hugh_Holmes" title="Simon Hugh Holmes">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Pipes" title="William Thomas Pipes">Pipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Murray" title="George Henry Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a 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Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stirling_MacMillan" title="Alexander Stirling MacMillan">MacMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Connolly" title="Harold Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hicks_(Nova_Scotia_politician)" title="Henry Hicks (Nova Scotia politician)">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Isaac_Smith" title="George Isaac Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buchanan_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Buchanan (Canadian politician)">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stuart_Bacon" title="Roger Stuart Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Cameron_(Nova_Scotia_premier)" title="Donald Cameron (Nova Scotia premier)">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Savage_(Nova_Scotia_politician)" title="John Savage (Nova Scotia politician)">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_MacLellan" title="Russell MacLellan">MacLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hamm" title="John Hamm">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_MacDonald" title="Rodney MacDonald">R. MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Dexter" title="Darrell Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNeil" title="Stephen McNeil">McNeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Rankin" title="Iain Rankin">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Houston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Premiers_of_Nova_Scotia" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Anglin" title="Timothy Anglin">Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Goderic_Blanchet" title="Joseph-Goderic Blanchet">Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Airey_Kirkpatrick" title="George Airey Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Aldric_Ouimet" title="Joseph-Aldric Ouimet">Ouimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_White_(Canadian_politician)" title="Peter White (Canadian politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_David_Edgar" title="James David Edgar">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bain" title="Thomas Bain">Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Brodeur" title="Louis-Philippe Brodeur">Brodeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Belcourt" title="Napoléon Belcourt">Belcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Franklin_Sutherland" title="Robert Franklin Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Marcil" title="Charles Marcil">Marcil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_Sproule" title="Thomas Simpson Sproule">Sproule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_S%C3%A9vigny" title="Albert Sévigny">Sévigny</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Black_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Black (Canadian politician)">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Langstaff_Bowman" title="James Langstaff Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois_Casgrain" title="Pierre-François Casgrain">Casgrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Allison_Glen" title="James Allison Glen">Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Fauteux" title="Gaspard Fauteux">Fauteux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_Macdonald" title="William Ross Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Ren%C3%A9_Beaudoin" title="Louis-René Beaudoin">Beaudoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Michener" title="Roland Michener">Michener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lambert" title="Marcel Lambert">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Macnaughton" title="Alan Macnaughton">Macnaughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Lamoureux" title="Lucien Lamoureux">Lamoureux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jerome" title="James Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Jeanne Sauvé">Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Francis" title="Lloyd Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bosley_(politician)" title="John Bosley (politician)">Bosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Fraser" title="John Allen Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Parent" title="Gilbert Parent">Parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Milliken" title="Peter Milliken">Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Regan" title="Geoff Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rota" title="Anthony Rota">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Plamondon</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fergus" title="Greg Fergus">Fergus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_finance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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href="/wiki/Sir_John_Rose,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Rose, 1st Baronet">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hincks" title="Francis Hincks">Hincks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Leonard_Tilley" title="Samuel Leonard Tilley">Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Leonard_Tilley" title="Samuel Leonard Tilley">Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_McLelan" title="Archibald McLelan">McLelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_White" title="William Thomas White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lumley_Drayton" title="Henry Lumley Drayton">Drayton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lorimer_Ilsley" title="James Lorimer Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Harris" title="Walter Edward Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fleming" title="Donald Fleming">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nowlan" title="George Nowlan">Nowlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._Gordon" title="Walter L. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stovel_Macdonald" title="Donald Stovel Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Loiselle" title="Gilles Loiselle">Loiselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manley" title="John Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Flaherty" title="Jim Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oliver_(politician)" title="Joe Oliver (politician)">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Morneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_fisheries_and_oceans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" 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href="/wiki/Minister_of_Fisheries_and_Oceans_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)">Ministers of fisheries and oceans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Marine and Fisheries (1867–1930)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Peter Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_James_Smith" title="Albert James Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Colledge_Pope" title="James Colledge Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_McLelan" title="Archibald McLelan">McLelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hibbert_Tupper" title="Charles Hibbert Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costigan" title="John Costigan">Costigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henry_Davies" title="Louis Henry Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sutherland_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Sutherland (Canadian politician)">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Pr%C3%A9fontaine" title="Raymond Préfontaine">Préfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Brodeur" title="Louis-Philippe Brodeur">Brodeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Hazen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Hazen">Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ballantyne" title="Charles Ballantyne">Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_Black" title="William Anderson Black">Black</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esioff-L%C3%A9on_Patenaude" title="Esioff-Léon Patenaude">Patenaude</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">Cardin</a> (acting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Fisheries (1930–69)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Macmillan" title="Cyrus Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Duranleau" title="Alfred Duranleau">Duranleau</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Stirling" title="Grote Stirling">Stirling</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gordon_Ernst" title="William Gordon Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bertrand" title="Ernest Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedley_Francis_Gregory_Bridges" title="Hedley Francis Gregory Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bertrand" title="Ernest Bertrand">Bertrand</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Fowler_Gregg" title="Milton Fowler Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Angus_MacKinnon" title="James Angus MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mayhew" title="Robert Mayhew">Mayhew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sinclair_(politician)" title="James Sinclair (politician)">Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_MacLean" title="Angus MacLean">MacLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9dard_Robichaud" title="Hédard Robichaud">Robichaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jack Davis (Canadian politician)">Davis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Fisheries and Forestry (1969–71)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jack Davis (Canadian politician)">Davis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the Environment (1971–76)<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jack Davis (Canadian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Jeanne Sauvé">Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">R. LeBlanc</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marchand" title="Jean Marchand">Marchand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">R. LeBlanc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State (Fisheries) (1974–76)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">R. LeBlanc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Fisheries and the Environment (1976–79)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">R. LeBlanc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Fisheries_and_Oceans_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)">Ministers of Fisheries and Oceans</a> (1979–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">R. LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McGrath_(Canadian_politician)" title="James McGrath (Canadian politician)">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">R. LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Ban%C3%A9" title="Pierre de Bané">de Bané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Breau" title="Herb Breau">Breau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Fraser" title="John Allen Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Siddon" title="Tom Siddon">Siddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Reid_(politician)" title="Ross Reid (politician)">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Tobin" title="Brian Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mifflin" title="Fred Mifflin">Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(British_Columbia_politician)" title="David Anderson (British Columbia politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Dhaliwal" title="Herb Dhaliwal">Dhaliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thibault" title="Robert Thibault">Thibault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Regan" title="Geoff Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Hearn" title="Loyola Hearn">Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Shea" title="Gail Shea">Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Ashfield" title="Keith Ashfield">Ashfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Shea" title="Gail Shea">Shea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Fisheries,_Oceans_and_the_Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard">Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard</a> (2015–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Tootoo" title="Hunter Tootoo">Tootoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">D. LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wilkinson" title="Jonathan Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Jordan" title="Bernadette Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Lebouthillier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The office of Minister of Marine and Fisheries was abolished and the offices of Minister of Fisheries and Minister of Marine were created in 1930. The Minister of Marine office was a precursor to the Minister of Transport.<br /><sup>2</sup>From 1971 to 1976 the Minister of the Environment was also the Minister of Fisheries.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&oldid=1251234064">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes&oldid=1251234064</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1877_births" title="Category:1877 births">1877 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_deaths" title="Category:1942 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