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Balbaa</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Alaa A. A. Balbaa"> <meta name="keywords" content="Alaa A. A. Balbaa"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Alaa A. 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A. Balbaa"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 128</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Alaa A. A. Balbaa</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Comparative Study Between Continuous Versus Pulsed Ultrasound in Knee Osteoarthritis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Mohamed%20Fawzy%20Ghuiba">Karim Mohamed Fawzy Ghuiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Aldeen%20Abd%20Al%20Hakeem%20Balbaa"> Alaa Aldeen Abd Al Hakeem Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Elbaz"> Shams Elbaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To compare between the effects continuous and pulsed ultrasound on pain and function in patient with knee osteoarthritis. Design: Randomized-Single blinded Study. Participants: 6 patients with knee osteoarthritis with mean age 53.66±3.61years, Altman Grade II or III. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups; Group A received continuous ultrasound and Group B received pulsed ultrasound. Outcome measures: Effects of pulsed and continuous ultrasound were evaluated by pain threshold assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and function assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores. Results: There was no significant decrease in VAS and WOMAC scores in patients treated with pulsed or continuous ultrasound; and there were no significant differences between both groups. Conclusion: there is no difference between the effects of pulsed and continuous ultrasound in pain relief or functional outcome in patients with knee osteoarthritis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20osteoarthritis" title="knee osteoarthritis">knee osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20ultrasound" title=" pulsed ultrasound"> pulsed ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20therapy" title=" ultrasound therapy"> ultrasound therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20ultrasound" title=" continuous ultrasound"> continuous ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45728/comparative-study-between-continuous-versus-pulsed-ultrasound-in-knee-osteoarthritis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> The Effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Chronic Neck Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20Mohamed">Amany Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Balbaa"> Alaa Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdoline%20Mishel"> Magdoline Mishel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Pain in the neck or scapular region is one of the most frequent symptoms in cervical radiculopathy, which is commonly caused by degenerative process in the spine. Purpose: To determine the effect of scapular stabilization exercises in the treatment of chronic neck pain regarding pain and disability and limitation in the range of motion. Patients and Methods: Thirty male and female patients with chronic neck pain were involved. Aged between 30-50 years old. They were randomly assigned into two groups. In group (A), patients received physical therapy program in the form of infrared, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), Stretching and cervical stabilization exercises. In group (B), patients received scapular stabilization exercises in addition to the same physical therapy program. Treatment was given 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Range of motion of the cervical spine, range of motion of the scapula, neck pain and disability were assessed before and after treatment. Results: There was significant improvement in both groups (A and B) in cervical range of motion, pain and disability. Group (B) showed more significant improvement than group (A) in cervical range of motion and pain and disability. There was no significant improvement in both groups in scapular range of motion. Conclusion: Scapular stabilization exercises should be used as an integral part in the rehabilitation program <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neck%20pain" title="Neck pain">Neck pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neck%20stabilization%20exercise" title=" neck stabilization exercise"> neck stabilization exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scapular%20stabilization%20exercise" title=" scapular stabilization exercise"> scapular stabilization exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20neck%20pain" title=" chronic neck pain"> chronic neck pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52346/the-effect-of-scapular-stabilization-exercises-on-chronic-neck-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Effect of Manual Progressive Ischemic Pressure versus Post Isometric Facilitation in the Treatment of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points in Mechanical Neck Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Diab">Mohamed M. Diab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahmy%20E.%20Mohamed"> Fahmy E. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Balbaa"> Alaa Balbaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Myofascial pain syndrome a common type of non-articular musculoskeletal pain, is a condition associated with regional pain and muscle tenderness characterized by the presence of hypersensitive nodules. Objectives: the purpose of this study is to compare between the effects of manual progressive ischemic pressure versus the effect of post isometric facilitation in the treatment of Rhomboid latent myofascial trigger points. Methods: six patients had participated in this study. Patients divided into two groups. Group A treated by manual progressive ischemic pressure and traditional physical therapy program. Group B treated by post isometric facilitation and traditional physical therapy program. Treatment program was for 6 sessions over two week’s period. Result: Statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in post treatment from pretreatment in pain severity (VAS) in myofascial trigger points with Rhomboid muscles) and Pain pressure threshold (PPT) for tenderness at both groups (A,B). Conclusion: ischemic pressure technique appear to be no more effective than post isometric facilitation in treatment of rhomboids latent myofacial trigger point. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhmoiboid%20trigger%20point" title="Rhmoiboid trigger point">Rhmoiboid trigger point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myofacila%20trigger%20point" title=" myofacila trigger point"> myofacila trigger point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemic%20pressure" title=" ischemic pressure"> ischemic pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20isometric%20facilitation" title=" post isometric facilitation"> post isometric facilitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45700/effect-of-manual-progressive-ischemic-pressure-versus-post-isometric-facilitation-in-the-treatment-of-latent-myofascial-trigger-points-in-mechanical-neck-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Effect of Fatiguing Hip Muscles on Dynamic Posture Control in Recurrent Ankle Sprain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20El%20Shorbagy">Radwa El Shorbagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20El%20Din%20Balbaa"> Alaa El Din Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Reda"> Waleed Reda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ankle sprain is a common lower limb injury that is complicated by high recurrence rate. The cause of recurrence is not clear; however, changes in motor control have been postulated.Objective: to determine the contribution of proximal hip strategy to dynamic posture control in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Methods:Fifteen subjects with recurrent ankle sprain (Group A) and fifteen healthy control subjects (Group B) participated in this study. Abductor-adductor as well as flexor-extensor hip musculature control was abolished by fatigue using the Biodex Isokinatic System. Dynamic posture control was measured before and after fatigue by the Biodex Balance System. Results: Repeated measures MANOVA was used to compare within group differences. In group A fatiguing of hip muscles (flexors-extensors and abductors-adductors) lowered overall stability index (OASI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) significantly (p=0.00) whereas; in group B fatiguing of hip flexors-extensors lowered significantly OASI and APSI only (p= 0.017, 0.010; respectively) while fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors has no significant effect on these variables. Conclusion: fatiguing of hip muscles has a significant deleterious effect on dynamic posture control in patient with recurrent ankle sprain indicating their increased dependence on hip strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle%20sprain" title="ankle sprain">ankle sprain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20hip%20muscles" title=" fatigue hip muscles"> fatigue hip muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle%20sprain" title=" ankle sprain"> ankle sprain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22938/effect-of-fatiguing-hip-muscles-on-dynamic-posture-control-in-recurrent-ankle-sprain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> An Exploratory Study into the Suggestive Impact of Alaa Al-Aswany's Political Essays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerii%20Dudin">Valerii Dudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the continuous increase in quantity and importance of the information surrounding our daily lives, it has become crucial to understand what makes information stand out and affect our point of view, regardless of the accuracy of the facts involved. Alaa Al-Aswany’s numerous works have been an inspiration for millions of his readers in Egypt and all across the Arab World. While highly factual, the author’s political essays are both lexically and stylistically rich; they also implement descriptive allusions and proverbs to support the presented opinions. We have undertaken an effort to explore the impact on the individual perception through these political works of the author. In this study, we have overviewed previously made research on similar subjects and through contextual, intertextual, linguistic and corpus analyses we have come to realize the presence of suggestive themes in these works, capable of shaping the reader’s perception regarding a certain topic, specifically targeting the reader’s emotional bias. The findings presented in the study will reveal an overview of such examples of suggestive elements used in the author’s works, as well as various new insights on what can be considered suggestive in the context of modern Arabic printed press. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20al-Aswany" title="Alaa al-Aswany">Alaa al-Aswany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20linguistics" title=" cognitive linguistics"> cognitive linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20essays" title=" political essays"> political essays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suggestion" title=" suggestion"> suggestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105492/an-exploratory-study-into-the-suggestive-impact-of-alaa-al-aswanys-political-essays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> The Contribution of Hip Strategy in Dynamic Balance in Recurrent Ankle Sprain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20Talaat%20Mohammed%20El-Shorbagy">Radwa Talaat Mohammed El-Shorbagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20El-Din%20Balbaa"> Alaa El-Din Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Red"> Waleed Red</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ankle sprain is a common lower limb injury that is complicated by high recurrence rate. The cause of recurrence is not clear; however, changes in motor control have been postulated. Objective: To determine the contribution of proximal hip strategy to dynamic balance control in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Methods: Fifteen subjects with recurrent ankle sprain (group A) and fifteen healthy control subjects (group B) participated in this study. Abductor-adductors as well as flexor-extensor hip musculatures control was abolished by fatigue using the Biodex Isokinetic system. Dynamic balance was measured before and after fatigue by the Biodex Balance system Results: Repeated measures MANOVA was used to compare between and within group differences. In group A fatiguing of hip muscles (flexors-extensors and abductors-adductors) increased overall stability index (OASI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) significantly (p=0.00) whereas; in group B fatiguing of hip flexors-extensors increased significantly OASI and APSI only (p= 0.017, 0.010; respectively) while fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors has no significant effect on these variables. Moreover, patients with ankle sprain had significantly lower dynamic balance after hip muscles fatigue compared to the control group. Specifically, after hip flexor-extensor fatigue, the OASI, APSI and MLSI were increased significantly than those of the control values (p=0.002, 0.011, and 0.003, respectively) whereas fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors increased significantly in OASI and APSI only (p=0.012, 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: To maintain dynamic balance, patients with recurrent ankle sprain seem to relay more on the hip strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle%20sprain" title="ankle sprain">ankle sprain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20muscles%20fatigue" title=" hip muscles fatigue"> hip muscles fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23132/the-contribution-of-hip-strategy-in-dynamic-balance-in-recurrent-ankle-sprain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Time Compression in Engineer-to-Order Industry: A Case Study of a Norwegian Shipbuilding Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Fatouh">Tarek Fatouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chehab%20Elbelehy"> Chehab Elbelehy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Abdelsalam"> Alaa Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Elakkad"> Eman Elakkad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Abdelshafie"> Alaa Abdelshafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to explore the possibility of time compression in Engineer to Order production networks. A case study research method is used in a Norwegian shipbuilding project by implementing a value stream mapping lean tool with total cycle time as a unit of analysis. The analysis resulted in demonstrating the time deviations for the planned tasks in one of the processes in the shipbuilding project. So, authors developed a future state map by removing time wastes from value stream process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineer%20to%20order" title="engineer to order">engineer to order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20cycle%20time" title=" total cycle time"> total cycle time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20stream%20mapping" title=" value stream mapping"> value stream mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipbuilding" title=" shipbuilding"> shipbuilding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130840/time-compression-in-engineer-to-order-industry-a-case-study-of-a-norwegian-shipbuilding-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Hip Strategy in Dynamic Postural Control in Recurrent Ankle Sprain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20Elshorbagy">Radwa Elshorbagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Elden%20Balbaa"> Alaa Elden Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Reda"> Waleed Reda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ankle sprain is a common lower limb injury that is complicated by high recurrence rate. The cause of recurrence is not clear; however, changes in motor control have been postulated. Objective: to determine the contribution of proximal hip strategy to dynamic postural control in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Methods: Fifteen subjects with recurrent ankle sprain (group A) and fifteen healthy control subjects (group B) participated in this study. Abductor-adductors as well as flexor-extensor hip musculatures control was abolished by fatigue using the Biodex Isokinetic System. Dynamic postural control was measured before and after fatigue by the Biodex Balance System. Results: Repeated measures MANOVA was used to compare between and within group differences, in group A fatiguing of hip muscles (flexors-extensors and abductors-adductors) increased overall stability index (OASI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) significantly (p=0.00) whereas; in group B fatiguing of hip flexors-extensors increased significantly OASI and APSI only (p= 0.017, 0.010; respectively) while fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors has no significant effect on these variables. Moreover, patients with ankle sprain had significantly lower dynamic balance after hip muscles fatigue compared to the control group. Specifically, after hip flexor-extensor fatigue, the OASI, APSI and MLSI were increased significantly than those of the control values (p= 0.002, 0.011, and 0.003, respectively) whereas fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors increased significantly in OASI and APSI only (p=0.012, 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: To maintain dynamic balance, patients with recurrent ankle sprain seem to rely more on the hip strategy. This means that those patients depend on a top to down instead of down to top strategy clinical relevance: patients with recurrent ankle sprain less efficient in maintaining the dynamic postural control due to the change in motor strategies. Indicating that health care providers and rehabilitation specialists should treat CAI as a global/central and not just as a simple local or peripheral injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20strategy" title="hip strategy">hip strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle%20strategy" title=" ankle strategy"> ankle strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postural%20control" title=" postural control"> postural control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49734/hip-strategy-in-dynamic-postural-control-in-recurrent-ankle-sprain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> The Contribution of Hip Strategy in Dynamic Postural Control in Recurrent Ankle Sprain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20El%20Shorbagy">Radwa El Shorbagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20El%20Din%20Balbaa"> Alaa El Din Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Reda"> Waleed Reda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ankle sprain is a common lower limb injury that is complicated by high recurrence rate. The cause of recurrence is not clear; however, changes in motor control have been postulated. Objective: to determine the contribution of proximal hip strategy to dynamic postural control in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Methods: Fifteen subjects with recurrent ankle sprain (group A) and fifteen healthy control subjects (group B) participated in this study. Abductor-adductors as well as flexor-extensor hip musculatures control was abolished by fatigue using the Biodex Isokinetic System. Dynamic postural control was measured before and after fatigue by the Biodex Balance System Results: Repeated measures MANOVA was used to compare between and within group differences, In group A fatiguing of hip muscles (flexors-extensors and abductors-adductors) increased overall stability index (OASI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) significantly (p= 0.00) whereas; in group B fatiguing of hip flexors-extensors increased significantly OASI and APSI only (p= 0.017, 0.010; respectively) while fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors has no significant effect on these variables. Moreover, patients with ankle sprain had significantly lower dynamic balance after hip muscles fatigue compared to the control group. Specifically, after hip flexor-extensor fatigue, the OASI, APSI and MLSI were increased significantly than those of the control values (p= 0.002, 0.011, and 0.003, respectively) whereas fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors increased significantly in OASI and APSI only (p=0.012, 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: To maintain dynamic balance, patients with recurrent ankle sprain seem to relay more on the hip strategy. This means that those patients depend on a top to down instead of down to top strategy clinical relevance: patients with recurrent ankle sprain less efficient in maintaining the dynamic postural control due to the change in motor strategies. Indicating that health care providers and rehabilitation specialists should treat CAI as a global/central and not just as a simple local or peripheral injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle%20sprain" title="ankle sprain">ankle sprain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20hip%20muscles" title=" fatigue hip muscles"> fatigue hip muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22951/the-contribution-of-hip-strategy-in-dynamic-postural-control-in-recurrent-ankle-sprain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Correlation Study between Clinical and Radiological Findings in Knee Osteoarthritis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20A.%20A.%20Mohamed">Nabil A. A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20A.%20Balbaa"> Alaa A. A. Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20E.%20Ayad"> Khaled E. Ayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common form of arthritis and leads to more activity limitations (e.g., disability in walking and stair climbing) than any other disease, especially in the elderly. Recently, impaired proprioceptive accuracy of the knee has been proposed as a local factor in the onset and progression of radiographic knee OA (ROA). Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiological findings in healthy with that of knee OA. Also, to determine if there is a correlation between the clinical and radiological findings in patients with knee OA. Subjects: Fifty one patients diagnosed as unilateral or bilateral knee OA with age ranged between 35-70 years, from both gender without any previous history of knee trauma or surgery, and twenty one normal subjects with age ranged from 35 - 68 years. METHODS: peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) was recorded from knee extensors at isokinetic isometric mode at angle of 45 degree. Also, the Absolute Angular Error was recorded at 45O and 30O to measure joint position sense (JPS). They made anteroposterior (AP) plain X-rays from standing semiflexed knee position and their average score of Timed Up and Go test(TUG) and WOMAC were recorded as a measure of knee pain, stiffness and function. Comparison between the mean values of different variables in the two groups was performed using unpaired student t test. The P value less or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were significant differences between the studied variables between the experimental and control groups except the values of AAE at 30O. Also, there were no significant correlation between the clinical findings (pain, function, muscle strength and proprioception) and the severity of arthritic changes in X-rays. CONCLUSION: From the finding of the current study we can conclude that there were a significant difference between the both groups in all studied parameters (the WOMAC, functional level, quadriceps muscle strength and the joint proprioception). Also this study did not support the dependency on radiological findings in management of knee OA as the radiological features did not necessarily indicate the level of structural damage of patients with knee OA and we should consider the clinical features in our treatment plan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20position%20sense" title="joint position sense">joint position sense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20torque" title=" peak torque"> peak torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proprioception" title=" proprioception"> proprioception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiological%20knee%20osteoarthritis" title=" radiological knee osteoarthritis "> radiological knee osteoarthritis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33164/correlation-study-between-clinical-and-radiological-findings-in-knee-osteoarthritis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Adaptation of Climate Change and Building Resilience for Seaports: Empirical Study on Egyptian Mediterranean Seaports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alsnosy%20Balbaa">Alsnosy Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nabil%20Elnabawi"> Mohamed Nabil Elnabawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmin%20El%20Meladi"> Yasmin El Meladi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the ever-growing concerns of climate change, Mediterranean ports, as vital economic and transport hubs face unique challenges in maintaining operations and infrastructure. This empirical study seeks to understand the current adaptations and preparedness levels of Egyptian Mediterranean ports against climate-induced disruptions. Drawing from a structured questionnaire, the research gathers insights on observed climate impacts, infrastructure adaptations, operational changes, and stakeholder engagement, aiming to shed light on the resilience of these ports in the face of a changing climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructures" title=" infrastructures"> infrastructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=port" title=" port"> port</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediterranean" title=" mediterranean"> mediterranean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175166/adaptation-of-climate-change-and-building-resilience-for-seaports-empirical-study-on-egyptian-mediterranean-seaports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> The Effect of Positional Release Technique versus Kinesio Tape on Iliocostalis lumborum in Back Myofascial Pain Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Khaled%20Abdelrahman%20Abdallah%20Elbaz">Shams Khaled Abdelrahman Abdallah Elbaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Aldeen%20Abd%20Al%20Hakeem%20Balbaa"> Alaa Aldeen Abd Al Hakeem Balbaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Positional Release Technique versus Kinesio Tape on pain level, pressure pain threshold level and functional disability in patients with back myofascial pain syndrome at iliocostalis lumborum. Backgrounds/significance: Myofascial Pain Syndrome is a common muscular pain syndrome that arises from trigger points which are hyperirritable, painful and tender points within a taut band of skeletal muscle. In more recent literature, about 75% of patients with musculoskeletal pain presenting to a community medical centres suffer from myofascial pain syndrome.Iliocostalis lumborum are most likely to develop active trigger points. Subjects: Thirty patients diagnosed as back myofascial pain syndrome with active trigger points in iliocostalis lumborum muscle bilaterally had participated in this study. Methods and materials: Patients were randomly distributed into two groups. The first group consisted of 15 patients (8 males and 7 females) with mean age 30.6 (±3.08) years, they received positional release technique which was applied 3 times per session, 3/week every other day for 2 weeks. The second group consisted of 15 patients(5 males, 10 females) with a mean age 30.4 (±3.35) years, they received kinesio tape which was applied and changed every 3 days with one day off for a total 3 times in 2 weeks. Both techniques were applied over trigger points of the iliocostalis lumborum bilaterally. Patients were evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment program for Pain intensity (Visual analogue scale), pressure pain threshold (digital pressure algometry), and functional disability (The Oswestry Disability Index). Analyses: Repeated measures MANOVA was used to detect differences within and between groups pre and post treatment. Then the univariate ANOVA test was conducted for the analysis of each dependant variable within and between groups. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS. with significance level set at p<0.05 throughout all analyses. Results: The results revealed that there was no significant difference between positional release technique and kinesio tape technique on pain level, pressure pain threshold and functional activities (p > 0.05). Both groups of patients showed significant improvement in all the measured variables (p < 0.05) evident by significant reduction of both pain intensity and functional disability as well as significant increase of pressure pain threshold Conclusions : Both positional release technique and kinesio taping technique are effective in reducing pain level, improving pressure pain threshold and improving function in treating patients who suffering from back myofascial pain syndrome at iliocostalis lumborum. As there was no statistically significant difference was proven between both of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positional%20release%20technique" title="positional release technique">positional release technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinesio%20tape" title=" kinesio tape"> kinesio tape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myofascial%20pain%20syndrome" title=" myofascial pain syndrome"> myofascial pain syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iliocostalis%20lumborum" title=" Iliocostalis lumborum "> Iliocostalis lumborum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45814/the-effect-of-positional-release-technique-versus-kinesio-tape-on-iliocostalis-lumborum-in-back-myofascial-pain-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Design, Synthesis and in-vitro Antitumor Evaluation of Some Novel Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20S.%20El-Azab">Adel S. El-Azab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20M.%20Abdel-Aziz"> Alaa A. M. Abdel-Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20A.%20Al-Suwaidan"> Ibrahim A. Al-Suwaidan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20M.%20Alanazi"> Amer M. Alanazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel series of 2,3,6-trisubstitute quinazolinone were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in-vitro antitumor activity. 3 (Benzylideneamino)-6-chloro-2-p-tolylquinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-[(4-oxo-3-phenethyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)thio]-N-(3,4;5-trimethoxyphenyl) acetamide and 3-(3-benzyl-6-methyl-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin-2-ylthio)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) propanamide have shown amazing broad spectrum antitumor activity with mean GI50; 15.8, 3.16, and 7.4 μM respectively compared to known Quinazoline Derivatives antitumor drug 5-FU mean GI50=22.6 μM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinazoline%20derivatives" title="quinazoline derivatives">quinazoline derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20antitumor" title=" in vitro antitumor"> in vitro antitumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-FU" title=" 5-FU"> 5-FU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NCI" title=" NCI"> NCI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22501/design-synthesis-and-in-vitro-antitumor-evaluation-of-some-novel-substituted-quinazoline-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Waiting Time Reduction in a Government Hospital Emergency Department: A Case Study on AlAdan Hospital, Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashayer%20AlRobayaan">Bashayer AlRobayaan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munira%20Saad"> Munira Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20AlBawab"> Alaa AlBawab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20AlHamad"> Fatma AlHamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20AlAwadhi"> Sara AlAwadhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Fahmy"> Sherif Fahmy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the problem of long waiting times in government hospitals emergency departments (ED). It aims at finding feasible and simple ways of reducing waiting times that do not require a lot of resources and/or expenses. AlAdan Hospital in Kuwait was chosen to be understudy to further understand and capture the problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title="healthcare">healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waiting%20times" title=" waiting times"> waiting times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title=" emergency department"> emergency department</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9389/waiting-time-reduction-in-a-government-hospital-emergency-department-a-case-study-on-aladan-hospital-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> The OQAM-OFDM System Using WPT/IWPT Replaced FFT/IFFT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20H.%20Thabet">Alaa H. Thabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehab%20F.%20Badran"> Ehab F. Badran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20H.%20Aly"> Moustafa H. Aly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid expand of wireless digital communications, demand for wireless systems that are reliable and have a high spectral efficiency have increased too. FBMC scheme based on the OFDM/OQAM has been recognized for its good performance to achieve high data rates. Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) has been used to produce the orthogonal sub-carriers. Due to the drawbacks of OFDM -FFT based system which are the high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) and the synchronization. In this paper, Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) is used in the place of FFT, and show better performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OQAM-OFDM" title="OQAM-OFDM">OQAM-OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20packet%20transform" title=" wavelet packet transform"> wavelet packet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAPR" title=" PAPR"> PAPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FFT" title=" FFT"> FFT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28850/the-oqam-ofdm-system-using-wptiwpt-replaced-fftifft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Cluster Based Ant Colony Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Eddien%20Abdallah">Alaa Eddien Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bajes%20Yousef%20Alskarnah"> Bajes Yousef Alskarnah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ant colony based routing algorithms are known to grantee the packet delivery, but they suffer from the huge overhead of control messages which are needed to discover the route. In this paper we utilize the network nodes positions to group the nodes in connected clusters. We use clusters-heads only on forwarding the route discovery control messages. Our simulations proved that the new algorithm has decreased the overhead dramatically without affecting the delivery rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad-hoc%20network" title="ad-hoc network">ad-hoc network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title=" MANET"> MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20routing" title=" ant colony routing"> ant colony routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20based%20routing" title=" position based routing"> position based routing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13698/cluster-based-ant-colony-routing-algorithm-for-mobile-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Effect of Fire on Structural Behavior of Normal and High Strength Concrete Beams </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20I.%20Arafa">Alaa I. Arafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemdan%20O.%20A.%20Said.%20Marwa%20A.%20M.%20Ali"> Hemdan O. A. Said. Marwa A. M. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates and evaluates experimentally the structural behavior of high strength concrete (HSC) beams under fire and compares it with that of Normal strength concrete (NSC) beams. The main investigated parameters are: concrete compressive strength (300 or 600 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>); the concrete cover thickness (3 or 5 cm); the degree of temperature (room temperature or 600 <sup>o</sup>C); the type of cooling (air or water); and the fire exposure time (3 or 5 hours). Test results showed that the concrete compressive strength decreases significantly as the exposure time to fire increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title="experimental">experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title=" fire"> fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20concrete%20beams" title=" high strength concrete beams"> high strength concrete beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monotonic%20loading" title=" monotonic loading"> monotonic loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54480/effect-of-fire-on-structural-behavior-of-normal-and-high-strength-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Relation between Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain and Hip Rotation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Diab">Mohamed M. Diab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koura%20G.%20Mohamed"> Koura G. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Balbaa"> A. Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwan%20Sh.%20Ahamed"> Radwan Sh. Ahamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) is the most common complaint of the working-age population. Mechanical low back pain is often a chronic, dull, aching pain of varying intensity that affects the lower spine. In the current proposal the hip rotation-CMLBP relationship is based on that limited hip motion will be compensated by motion in the lumbopelvic region and this increase force translates to the lumbar spine. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there a relationship between chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) and hip medial and lateral rotation (peak torque and Range of motion (ROM) in patients with CMLBP. Methods: Sixty patients with CMLBP diagnosed by an orthopedist participated in the current study after signing a consent form. Their mean of age was (23.76±2.39) years, mean of weight (71.8±12.7) (Kg), mean of height (169.65±7.49) (Cm) and mean of BMI (25.5±3.86) (Kg/m2). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain. Fluid Filled Inclinometer was used to measure Hip rotation ROM (medial and lateral). Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to measure peak torque of hip rotators muscles (medial and lateral), concentric peak torque with tow Isokinetic speeds (60ᵒ/sec and 180ᵒ/sec) was selected to measure peak torque. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that there is poor relationship between pain and hip external rotation ROM, also there is poor relation between pain and hip internal rotation ROM. There is poor relation between pain and hip internal rotators peak torque and hip external rotators peak torque in both speeds. Conclusion: Depending on the current study it is not recommended to give an importance to hip rotation in treating Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20rotation%20ROM" title="hip rotation ROM">hip rotation ROM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20rotators%20strength" title=" hip rotators strength"> hip rotators strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20mechanical" title=" chronic mechanical"> chronic mechanical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23698/relation-between-chronic-mechanical-low-back-pain-and-hip-rotation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Automation of Student Attendance Management System Using BPM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kh.%20Alaa">Kh. Alaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Sarah"> Sh. Sarah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Khowlah"> J. Khowlah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Liyakathunsia"> S. Liyakathunsia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Education has become very important nowadays and with the rapidly increasing number of student, taking the attendance manually is getting very difficult and time wasting. In order to solve this problem, an automated solution is required. An effective automated system can be implemented to manage student attendance in different ways. This research will discuss a unique class attendance system which integrates both Face Recognition and RFID technique. This system focuses on reducing the time spent on submitting of the lecture and the wastage of time on submitting and getting approval for the absence excuse and sick leaves. As a result, the suggested solution will enhance not only the time, also it will also be helpful in eliminating fake attendance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attendance%20system" title="attendance system">attendance system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20recognition" title=" face recognition"> face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20model" title=" process model"> process model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66294/automation-of-student-attendance-management-system-using-bpm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Autonomous Quantum Competitive Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Zidan">Mohammed A. Zidan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Sagheer"> Alaa Sagheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Metwally"> Nasser Metwally</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Real-time learning is an important goal that most of artificial intelligence researches try to achieve it. There are a lot of problems and applications which require low cost learning such as learn a robot to be able to classify and recognize patterns in real time and real-time recall. In this contribution, we suggest a model of quantum competitive learning based on a series of quantum gates and additional operator. The proposed model enables to recognize any incomplete patterns, where we can increase the probability of recognizing the pattern at the expense of the undesired ones. Moreover, these undesired ones could be utilized as new patterns for the system. The proposed model is much better compared with classical approaches and more powerful than the current quantum competitive learning approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20learning" title="competitive learning">competitive learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gates" title=" quantum gates"> quantum gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gates" title=" quantum gates"> quantum gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winner-take-all" title=" winner-take-all"> winner-take-all</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25398/autonomous-quantum-competitive-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability for Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulnasir%20Hossen">Abdulnasir Hossen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Barhoum"> Alaa Barhoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepali%20Jaju"> Deepali Jaju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Gowri"> V. Gowri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Al-Kharusi"> L. Al-Kharusi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hassan"> M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Al-Hashmi"> K. Al-Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder associated with increase in blood pressure and excess amount of protein in the urine. HRV analysis has been used by many researchers to identify preeclamptic pregnancy from normal pregnancy. A study in this regard to identify preeclamptic pregnancy in Oman from normal pregnant was conducted on 40 subjects (20 patients and 20 normal). The subjects were collected from two hospitals in Oman. A Fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectral analysis has shown that patients with preeclamptic pregnancy have a reduction in the power of the HF band and an increase in the power of the LF band of HRV compared with subjects with normal pregnancy. The accuracy of identification obtained was 80%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preelampsia" title="preelampsia">preelampsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy%20hypertension" title=" pregnancy hypertension"> pregnancy hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20pregnant" title=" normal pregnant"> normal pregnant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FFT" title=" FFT"> FFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20analysis" title=" spectral analysis"> spectral analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRV" title=" HRV"> HRV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17998/spectral-analysis-of-heart-rate-variability-for-normal-and-preeclamptic-pregnants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> A Blind Three-Dimensional Meshes Watermarking Using the Interquartile Range</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20E.%20Abdallah">Emad E. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20E.%20Abdallah"> Alaa E. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bajes%20Y.%20Alskarnah"> Bajes Y. Alskarnah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We introduce a robust three-dimensional watermarking algorithm for copyright protection and indexing. The basic idea behind our technique is to measure the interquartile range or the spread of the 3D model vertices. The algorithm starts by converting all the vertices to spherical coordinate followed by partitioning them into small groups. The proposed algorithm is slightly altering the interquartile range distribution of the small groups based on predefined watermark. The experimental results on several 3D meshes prove perceptual invisibility and the robustness of the proposed technique against the most common attacks including compression, noise, smoothing, scaling, rotation as well as combinations of these attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20models" title=" three-dimensional models"> three-dimensional models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptual%20invisibility" title=" perceptual invisibility"> perceptual invisibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interquartile%20range" title=" interquartile range"> interquartile range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20attacks" title=" 3D attacks"> 3D attacks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15946/a-blind-three-dimensional-meshes-watermarking-using-the-interquartile-range" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Non-Destructive Visual-Statistical Approach to Detect Leaks in Water Mains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Al%20Hawari">Alaa Al Hawari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khader"> Mohammad Khader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Zayed"> Tarek Zayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Moselhi"> Osama Moselhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an effective non-destructive, non-invasive approach for leak detection was proposed. The process relies on analyzing thermal images collected by an IR viewer device that captures thermo-grams. In this study a statistical analysis of the collected thermal images of the ground surface along the expected leak location followed by a visual inspection of the thermo-grams was performed in order to locate the leak. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed approach the predicted leak location from the developed approach was compared with the real leak location. The results showed that the expected leak location was successfully identified with an accuracy of more than 95%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermography" title="thermography">thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage" title=" leakage"> leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pipelines" title=" water pipelines"> water pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermograms" title=" thermograms"> thermograms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26442/non-destructive-visual-statistical-approach-to-detect-leaks-in-water-mains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Energy Efficient Firefly Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%E2%80%99%20Alsharafat">Wafa’ Alsharafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Batiha"> Khalid Batiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Kassab"> Alaa Kassab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensor network (WSN) is comprised of a huge number of small and cheap devices known as sensor nodes. Usually, these sensor nodes are massively and deployed randomly as in Ad-hoc over hostile and harsh environment to sense, collect and transmit data to the needed locations (i.e., base station). One of the main advantages of WSN is that the ability to work in unattended and scattered environments regardless the presence of humans such as remote active volcanoes environments or earthquakes. In WSN expanding network, lifetime is a major concern. Clustering technique is more important to maximize network lifetime. Nature-inspired algorithms are developed and optimized to find optimized solutions for various optimization problems. We proposed Energy Efficient Firefly Algorithm to improve network lifetime as long as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20network" title="wireless network">wireless network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SN" title=" SN"> SN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firefly" title=" Firefly"> Firefly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency "> energy efficiency </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81257/energy-efficient-firefly-algorithm-in-wireless-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Perovskite Solar Cells Penetration on Electric Grids Based on the Power Hardware in the Loop Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Zaky">Alaa A. Zaky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandar%20Alfaifi"> Bandar Alfaifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alyahya"> Saleh Alyahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alkistis%20Kontou"> Alkistis Kontou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panos%20Kotsampopoulos"> Panos Kotsampopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we present for the first time the grid-integration of 3rd generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on nanotechnology in fabrication. The effect of this penetration is analyzed in normal, fault and islanding cases of operation under different irradiation conditions using the power hardware in the loop (PHIL) methodology. The PHL method allows the PSCs connection to the electric grid which is simulated in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), for laboratory validation of the PSCs behavior under conditions very close to real. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cells" title="perovskite solar cells">perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20hardware%20in%20the%20loop" title=" power hardware in the loop"> power hardware in the loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20digital%20simulator" title=" real-time digital simulator"> real-time digital simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190176/perovskite-solar-cells-penetration-on-electric-grids-based-on-the-power-hardware-in-the-loop-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> An Ontology for Semantic Enrichment of RFID Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20S.%20Hamza">Haitham S. Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Maher"> Mohamed Maher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shourok%20Alaa"> Shourok Alaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aya%20Khattab"> Aya Khattab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadeal%20Ismail"> Hadeal Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamilia%20Hosny"> Kamilia Hosny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become a key technology in the margining concept of Internet of Things (IoT). Naturally, business applications would require the deployment of various RFID systems that are developed by different vendors and use various data formats. This heterogeneity poses a real challenge in developing large-scale IoT systems with RFID as integration is becoming very complex and challenging. Semantic integration is a key approach to deal with this challenge. To do so, ontology for RFID systems need to be developed in order to annotated semantically RFID systems, and hence, facilitate their integration. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose ontology for RFID systems. The proposed ontology can be used to semantically enrich RFID systems, and hence, improve their usage and reasoning. The usage of the proposed ontology is explained through a simple scenario in the health care domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title="RFID">RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20technology" title=" semantic technology"> semantic technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparql%20query%20language" title=" sparql query language"> sparql query language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title=" heterogeneity"> heterogeneity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39376/an-ontology-for-semantic-enrichment-of-rfid-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> The Role of Digital Media in the Change of Saudi Nationalism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Alshaikh">Alaa Alshaikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While digital technologies were initially seen as harbingers of globalisation and cosmopolitanism, scholars increasingly acknowledge their role in the rise of nationalism. This paper studies the national identity in light of the digital media in Saudi Arabia. It offers an extensive meta-analysis of the evolution of the national identity on social media. It examines the national identity and its components and deals with the difference between it and digital nationalism, which is formed and affected by the country's fulfillment of the citizen's needs. Hereto a systematic examination of all 40 articles published between October 2016 and December 2022 was conducted. Findings indicate that three characteristics of contemporary nationalism are partly linked to recent shifts in digital communication: diversification, fragmentation, and commodification. The paper concludes by considering the implications of our arguments for future research in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta%20analysis" title="meta analysis">meta analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nationalism" title=" nationalism"> nationalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166444/the-role-of-digital-media-in-the-change-of-saudi-nationalism-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> The Differences between Direct Examination and ELISA Test during the Diagnosis of Fasciolosis in Jaundiced Slaughtered Sheep in Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azad%20A.%20Meerkhan">Azad A. Meerkhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Hani%20Razak"> Alaa Hani Razak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20M.%20S.%20Younis"> Bayan M. S. Younis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica was studied. 232 jaundiced sheep among 5208 sheep slaughter in the Duhok abattoir (regardless of the age and gender) between the period of May. 2012 to Oct. 2012 were examined by direct examination (Searching of adult ﬂukes in the bile duct) and by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the prevalence of fascioliasis in the studied population which showed a high observed infection ratio in Sep. 2012 (12.2%) with the high (ELISA) result of infection in May. 2012 (25.36%). Significant differences were found between the two ways in all of the months with the highest difference in May. 2012 and the net deference between the both ways was 6.91%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fascioliasis" title="fascioliasis">fascioliasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fasciola%20hepatica" title=" Fasciola hepatica"> Fasciola hepatica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layers" title=" layers"> layers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20fluk" title=" liver fluk"> liver fluk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20examination" title=" direct examination"> direct examination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1910/the-differences-between-direct-examination-and-elisa-test-during-the-diagnosis-of-fasciolosis-in-jaundiced-slaughtered-sheep-in-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Key Factors Influencing the Purchasing Decisions of Low Emission Cars: A Comparative Study between Egypt and Slovenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Alaa">O. Alaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ahmed"> D. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Baher"> R. Baher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Matjaz"> K. Matjaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides a study of the factors influencing the purchasing of low emission vehicles. In order to achieve the objectives of the paper, and in the light of the pool of literature and availability of data, the authors relied on qualitative methods to offers a comparison between Egypt as a developing country and Slovenia as a developed country, through analysing a survey that involves an Egyptian sample and Slovenian samples, it also studies the effect of different push and pull methods on different buyers in order to help the governments as well as the manufacturers to understand the most significant factors that affect the purchasing behaviour of LEV in the future. The results of this paper show the important vehicle performance factors, financial considerations, and environmental considerations along with the gender and age of the consumer show that consumers are more interested in the total price of the car than in different taxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20emission%20vehicles" title="low emission vehicles">low emission vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchasing%20behavior" title=" purchasing behavior"> purchasing behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developed%20countries" title=" developed countries"> developed countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129054/key-factors-influencing-the-purchasing-decisions-of-low-emission-cars-a-comparative-study-between-egypt-and-slovenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Speech Enhancement Using Kalman Filter in Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eng.%20Alaa%20K.%20Satti%20Salih">Eng. Alaa K. Satti Salih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Revolutions Applications such as telecommunications, hands-free communications, recording, etc. which need at least one microphone, the signal is usually infected by noise and echo. The important application is the speech enhancement, which is done to remove suppressed noises and echoes taken by a microphone, beside preferred speech. Accordingly, the microphone signal has to be cleaned using digital signal processing DSP tools before it is played out, transmitted, or stored. Engineers have so far tried different approaches to improving the speech by get back the desired speech signal from the noisy observations. Especially Mobile communication, so in this paper will do reconstruction of the speech signal, observed in additive background noise, using the Kalman filter technique to estimate the parameters of the Autoregressive Process (AR) in the state space model and the output speech signal obtained by the MATLAB. The accurate estimation by Kalman filter on speech would enhance and reduce the noise then compare and discuss the results between actual values and estimated values which produce the reconstructed signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoregressive%20process" title="autoregressive process">autoregressive process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab" title=" Matlab"> Matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20speech" title=" noise speech"> noise speech</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7182/speech-enhancement-using-kalman-filter-in-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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