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class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">History of Engineering Education</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">5,927 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>History of Engineering Education</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline"><li class="active"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Spaceflight">History of Spaceflight</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95772" type="text/json">{"id":95772,"name":"History of Spaceflight","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Spaceflight?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37422361]'), work: {"id":37422361,"title":"Petite Engineer Likes Math, 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data-work_id="45112240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/45112240/Women_engineering_and_gender_equality_Brazil_and_United_States_pathway_Mulheres_engenharia_e_equidade_de_g%C3%AAnero_trajet%C3%B3ria_brasileira_e_norte_americana">Women, engineering and gender equality: Brazil and United States pathway Mulheres, engenharia e equidade de gênero: trajetória brasileira e norte-americana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The task of discussing gender equity in society remains challenging, and new systemic strategies are needed to increase women's participation in leading professions. Two decades after the 21st century , inequality between men and women... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45112240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The task of discussing gender equity in society remains challenging, and new systemic strategies are needed to increase women's participation in leading professions. Two decades after the 21st century , inequality between men and women continues to produce detrimental effects that reproduce past discriminatory behaviors and actions. We argue that</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45112240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ff89b0128f82401ead2876f3a931be9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65678574,"asset_id":45112240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65678574/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="161040790" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://idp.academia.edu/MonicaSapucaiaMachado">Monica Sapucaia Machado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="161040790" type="text/json">{"id":161040790,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Sapucaia Machado","domain_name":"idp","page_name":"MonicaSapucaiaMachado","display_name":"Monica Sapucaia Machado","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://idp.academia.edu/MonicaSapucaiaMachado?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/161040790/45159361/39486995/s65_monica.sapucaia_machado.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45112240">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45112240"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/ChiquitaHowardBostic">Chiquita Howard-Bostic</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45112240'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45112240').html(); 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The course consists of three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3546061" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This course survey the history and culture of engineering, how the activities of engineers have shaped as well as been shaped by the broader social, cultural and political developments of their societies. The course consists of three integrated parts. <br/>First, the course gives an overview of the development of engineering, beginning by considering a time before the existence of the engineer, when engineering were done by people who did not refer to themselves with that term. We will move through designers of cathedrals and catapults, to the birth of the modern engineer through the professionalization of engineering in the Enlightenment, followed by the entrance of university-trained engineers into business corporations and academic laboratories during the industrial and post-industrial eras. It have a global coverage with a focus on the Western world and consider settings ranging from the Industrial Revolution’s workshops to European empires’ colonial projects and plantations, from Edison’s workshop and Ford’s factories to the Manhattan project's laboratories and Silicon Valley's offices. <br/>The second strand consists of problematizing and conceptualizing engineering as a societal and cultural phenomena, with an exploration of thematic issues such as ‘identity and the engineer’, ‘heterogenity of engineering practice’, ‘engineering and/or science’, ‘art and engineering’, ‘engineering and war’ etc.. <br/>The third part is focused on developing analytical skills by training the students in analyzing historical and contemporary media representations of engineers and engineering using source criticism and argumentation analysis, and in articulating and presenting their analysis in writing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3546061" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de9cf226fccf5d98069df172a4db48b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31265075,"asset_id":3546061,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31265075/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="458814" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://gu-se.academia.edu/MatsFridlund">Mats Fridlund</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="458814" type="text/json">{"id":458814,"first_name":"Mats","last_name":"Fridlund","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"MatsFridlund","display_name":"Mats Fridlund","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://gu-se.academia.edu/MatsFridlund?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/458814/150814/87344809/s65_mats.fridlund.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3546061 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3546061"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3546061, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3546061", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3546061]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3546061").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3546061").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3546061"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology">History of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557" type="text/json">{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="335371" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering">History of Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="335371" type="text/json">{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3546061]'), work: {"id":3546061,"title":"(2007/08) History and Culture of Engineering (5/10 ECTS)","created_at":"2013-05-16T04:52:36.932-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/3546061/_2007_08_History_and_Culture_of_Engineering_5_10_ECTS_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_3546061","summary":"This course survey the history and culture of engineering, how the activities of engineers have shaped as well as been shaped by the broader social, cultural and political developments of their societies. The course consists of three integrated parts.\r\nFirst, the course gives an overview of the development of engineering, beginning by considering a time before the existence of the engineer, when engineering were done by people who did not refer to themselves with that term. We will move through designers of cathedrals and catapults, to the birth of the modern engineer through the professionalization of engineering in the Enlightenment, followed by the entrance of university-trained engineers into business corporations and academic laboratories during the industrial and post-industrial eras. It have a global coverage with a focus on the Western world and consider settings ranging from the Industrial Revolution’s workshops to European empires’ colonial projects and plantations, from Edison’s workshop and Ford’s factories to the Manhattan project's laboratories and Silicon Valley's offices.\r\nThe second strand consists of problematizing and conceptualizing engineering as a societal and cultural phenomena, with an exploration of thematic issues such as ‘identity and the engineer’, ‘heterogenity of engineering practice’, ‘engineering and/or science’, ‘art and engineering’, ‘engineering and war’ etc..\r\nThe third part is focused on developing analytical skills by training the students in analyzing historical and contemporary media representations of engineers and engineering using source criticism and argumentation analysis, and in articulating and presenting their analysis in writing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31265075,"asset_id":3546061,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":458814,"first_name":"Mats","last_name":"Fridlund","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"MatsFridlund","display_name":"Mats Fridlund","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://gu-se.academia.edu/MatsFridlund?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/458814/150814/87344809/s65_mats.fridlund.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26945636" data-work_id="26945636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/26945636/LInvention_de_lIng%C3%A9nieur_Moderne_LEcole_des_Ponts_et_Chauss%C3%A9es_1747_1851_Paris_1992_reprint_Paris_Presses_de_lEcole_Nationale_des_Ponts_et_Chauss%C3%A9es_2013">L'Invention de l'Ingénieur Moderne: L'Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées 1747-1851, Paris, 1992, reprint Paris, Presses de l'Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2013.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul 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$(".js-view-count-work_26945636").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26945636"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2196" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education">History of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2196" type="text/json">{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26945636]'), work: {"id":26945636,"title":"L'Invention de l'Ingénieur Moderne: L'Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées 1747-1851, Paris, 1992, reprint Paris, Presses de l'Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2013.","created_at":"2016-07-13T02:37:34.719-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/26945636/LInvention_de_lIng%C3%A9nieur_Moderne_LEcole_des_Ponts_et_Chauss%C3%A9es_1747_1851_Paris_1992_reprint_Paris_Presses_de_lEcole_Nationale_des_Ponts_et_Chauss%C3%A9es_2013?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_26945636","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54884802,"asset_id":26945636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":47209479,"asset_id":26945636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4084592,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Picon","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AntoinePicon","display_name":"Antoine 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Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":6878,"name":"History of Cartography","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography?f_ri=25935"},{"id":9446,"name":"History of higher education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_higher_education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":10010,"name":"History of construction technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_construction_technology?f_ri=25935"},{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935"},{"id":11989,"name":"History Of Technology (Technology)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Technology_Technology_?f_ri=25935"},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=25935"},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935"},{"id":424068,"name":"History of Urban Planning","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Urban_Planning?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2220871" data-work_id="2220871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/2220871/T%C3%BCrkiyede_M%C3%BChendislik_Modernle%C5%9Fme_ve_Bay%C4%B1nd%C4%B1r_%C3%9Clkenin_%C4%B0n%C5%9Fas%C4%B1_Engineering_Modernity_and_Construction_of_the_Developed_Country_in_Turkey">Türkiye'de Mühendislik, Modernleşme ve Bayındır Ülkenin İnşası/Engineering, Modernity and Construction of the Developed Country in Turkey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Türkiye’de son iki yüzyıl boyunca refah ve ilerlemenin önkoşulunun teknoloji olduğuna inanılmıştır. Bu nedenle modernleşme sürecinin en başından beri mühendisliğe hayati bir önem verilmiş ve teknolojinin edinilmesi devlet tarafından... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2220871" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Türkiye’de son iki yüzyıl boyunca refah ve ilerlemenin önkoşulunun teknoloji olduğuna inanılmıştır. Bu nedenle modernleşme sürecinin en başından beri mühendisliğe hayati bir önem verilmiş ve teknolojinin edinilmesi devlet tarafından desteklenmiştir. Tahmin edileceği gibi bu sadece Türkiye örneğine has bir durum değildir. 20. yüzyıl başında Türkiye gibi geç endüstrileşen ve modernleşmenin eşiğinde bulunan birçok ülkede teknoloji, modernleşme ve refah arasında kritik bir ilişki olduğuna inanılıyordu. Bu koşullar altında modernleşme, ulusun inşası ve mühendisliğin bu süreçte yüklendiği görevleri açısından Türkiye örneğinin bu ülkelerden büyük bir farkı yoktur. Mevcut farklar ise batılı olmayan, üstelik yıllardır güçlük içindeki bir imparatorluğun tebaası olarak yaşamış bir toplumun iç dinamiklerine ve tepkilerine dayanır. <br/> <br/>During the last two centuries, technology has been accepted as the is prerequisite of development and welfare in Turkey. Hence, from the very beginning of the modernization process, engineering has been assumed as vital and importation of technology has been supported by the state. Not surprisingly, this attitude was not only specific to the Turkish case. In the 20th century, many other late-industrialized nations at the threshold of modernization like Turkey believed in the critical relationship between prosperity, modernity, and technology. From this point of view, the Turkish case has no significant difference from these nations in nation building, modernization and the role of the profession in this process. Nevertheless, the story differentiates due to inner dynamics and reactions of a non-western society, which had been the vassal of an empire in difficulties.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2220871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b042c4149071af27498ca8031ea37e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30732603,"asset_id":2220871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30732603/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="245523" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://akdeniz.academia.edu/hilaltugbaormecioglu">hilal tugba ormecioglu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="245523" type="text/json">{"id":245523,"first_name":"hilal tugba","last_name":"ormecioglu","domain_name":"akdeniz","page_name":"hilaltugbaormecioglu","display_name":"hilal tugba ormecioglu","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://akdeniz.academia.edu/hilaltugbaormecioglu?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/245523/925127/1158239/s65_hilal_tugba.ormecioglu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2220871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2220871"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2220871, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2220871", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2220871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2220871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2220871"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2220871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2220871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2220871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2220871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2220871").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2220871").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2220871"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology">History of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557" type="text/json">{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10758" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity">Modernity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10758" type="text/json">{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11913" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering">History of civil engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11913" type="text/json">{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2220871]'), work: {"id":2220871,"title":"Türkiye'de Mühendislik, Modernleşme ve Bayındır Ülkenin İnşası/Engineering, Modernity and Construction of the Developed Country in Turkey","created_at":"2012-11-29T22:50:35.945-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/2220871/T%C3%BCrkiyede_M%C3%BChendislik_Modernle%C5%9Fme_ve_Bay%C4%B1nd%C4%B1r_%C3%9Clkenin_%C4%B0n%C5%9Fas%C4%B1_Engineering_Modernity_and_Construction_of_the_Developed_Country_in_Turkey?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_2220871","summary":"Türkiye’de son iki yüzyıl boyunca refah ve ilerlemenin önkoşulunun teknoloji olduğuna inanılmıştır. Bu nedenle modernleşme sürecinin en başından beri mühendisliğe hayati bir önem verilmiş ve teknolojinin edinilmesi devlet tarafından desteklenmiştir. Tahmin edileceği gibi bu sadece Türkiye örneğine has bir durum değildir. 20. yüzyıl başında Türkiye gibi geç endüstrileşen ve modernleşmenin eşiğinde bulunan birçok ülkede teknoloji, modernleşme ve refah arasında kritik bir ilişki olduğuna inanılıyordu. Bu koşullar altında modernleşme, ulusun inşası ve mühendisliğin bu süreçte yüklendiği görevleri açısından Türkiye örneğinin bu ülkelerden büyük bir farkı yoktur. Mevcut farklar ise batılı olmayan, üstelik yıllardır güçlük içindeki bir imparatorluğun tebaası olarak yaşamış bir toplumun iç dinamiklerine ve tepkilerine dayanır. \r\n\r\nDuring the last two centuries, technology has been accepted as the is prerequisite of development and welfare in Turkey. Hence, from the very beginning of the modernization process, engineering has been assumed as vital and importation of technology has been supported by the state. Not surprisingly, this attitude was not only specific to the Turkish case. In the 20th century, many other late-industrialized nations at the threshold of modernization like Turkey believed in the critical relationship between prosperity, modernity, and technology. From this point of view, the Turkish case has no significant difference from these nations in nation building, modernization and the role of the profession in this process. Nevertheless, the story differentiates due to inner dynamics and reactions of a non-western society, which had been the vassal of an empire in difficulties.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30732603,"asset_id":2220871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":245523,"first_name":"hilal tugba","last_name":"ormecioglu","domain_name":"akdeniz","page_name":"hilaltugbaormecioglu","display_name":"hilal tugba ormecioglu","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://akdeniz.academia.edu/hilaltugbaormecioglu?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/245523/925127/1158239/s65_hilal_tugba.ormecioglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":629810,"name":"Other Modernities","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Other_Modernities?f_ri=25935"},{"id":651023,"name":"Engineering Ideology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Ideology?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4762015" data-work_id="4762015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/4762015/Crossing_Boundaries_Building_Bridges_Comparing_the_History_of_Women_Engineers_1870s_1990s_Routledge_2003">Crossing Boundaries, Building Bridges: Comparing the History of Women Engineers, 1870s-1990s. Routledge, 2003.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Women engineers have been in the public limelight for decades, yet we have surprisingly little historically grounded understanding of the patterns of employment and education of women in this field. Most studies are either policy papers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4762015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Women engineers have been in the public limelight for decades, yet we have surprisingly little historically grounded understanding of the patterns of employment and education of women in this field. Most studies are either policy papers or limited to statistical analyses. Moreover, the scant historical research so far available emphasizes the individual, single and unique character of those women working in engineering, often using anecdotal evidence but ignoring larger issues like the patterns of the labour market and educational institutions.<br/>Crossing Boundaries, Building Bridges offers answers to the question why women engineers have required special permits to pass through the male guarded gates of engineering and examines how they have managed this. It explores the differences and similarities between women engineers in nine countries from a gender point of view. Through case studies the book considers the mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion of women engineers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4762015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf5c87869cb73883ee014bf11de7871f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50556991,"asset_id":4762015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50556991/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5328260" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://tue.academia.edu/roldenziel">Ruth Oldenziel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5328260" type="text/json">{"id":5328260,"first_name":"Ruth","last_name":"Oldenziel","domain_name":"tue","page_name":"roldenziel","display_name":"Ruth Oldenziel","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://tue.academia.edu/roldenziel?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/5328260/2570770/2985417/s65_prof._dr._ruth.oldenziel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4762015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4762015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4762015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4762015", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4762015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4762015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4762015"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4762015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4762015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4762015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4762015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4762015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4762015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4762015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1138" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies">Women's Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1138" type="text/json">{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1726" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History">Women's History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1726" type="text/json">{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4762015]'), work: {"id":4762015,"title":"Crossing Boundaries, Building Bridges: Comparing the History of Women Engineers, 1870s-1990s. Routledge, 2003.","created_at":"2013-10-13T00:48:05.951-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/4762015/Crossing_Boundaries_Building_Bridges_Comparing_the_History_of_Women_Engineers_1870s_1990s_Routledge_2003?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_4762015","summary":"Women engineers have been in the public limelight for decades, yet we have surprisingly little historically grounded understanding of the patterns of employment and education of women in this field. Most studies are either policy papers or limited to statistical analyses. Moreover, the scant historical research so far available emphasizes the individual, single and unique character of those women working in engineering, often using anecdotal evidence but ignoring larger issues like the patterns of the labour market and educational institutions.\nCrossing Boundaries, Building Bridges offers answers to the question why women engineers have required special permits to pass through the male guarded gates of engineering and examines how they have managed this. It explores the differences and similarities between women engineers in nine countries from a gender point of view. Through case studies the book considers the mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion of women engineers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50556991,"asset_id":4762015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":50557001,"asset_id":4762015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5328260,"first_name":"Ruth","last_name":"Oldenziel","domain_name":"tue","page_name":"roldenziel","display_name":"Ruth Oldenziel","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://tue.academia.edu/roldenziel?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/5328260/2570770/2985417/s65_prof._dr._ruth.oldenziel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935"},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17136577" data-work_id="17136577" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/17136577/Du_dessin_ding%C3%A9nieur_%C3%A0_la_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie_descriptive_Lenseignement_de_Chastillon_%C3%A0_lEcole_royale_du_g%C3%A9nie_de_M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res">Du dessin d'ingénieur à la géométrie descriptive. L'enseignement de Chastillon à l'Ecole royale du génie de Mézières</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17136577" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="21dc37fec27f7837d5be084a2d004a8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39350251,"asset_id":17136577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39350251/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4022024" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/BBelhoste">Bruno Belhoste</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4022024" type="text/json">{"id":4022024,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"Belhoste","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"BBelhoste","display_name":"Bruno Belhoste","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/BBelhoste?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4022024/10509009/11726477/s65_bruno.belhoste.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17136577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17136577"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17136577, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17136577", }); 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Archaeology of a Profession (1789-1914)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Osmanlı Imparatorlugu’nda mühendisler Bu kitap, sosyo-profesyonel kimliklerin yapılanışı ve yeniden üretilmesine özel olarak önem vererek, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda mühendislik için bir sosyal tarih yazmayı amaçlamaktadır. Mühendislerin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14148401" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Osmanlı Imparatorlugu’nda mühendisler <br/>Bu kitap, sosyo-profesyonel kimliklerin yapılanışı ve yeniden üretilmesine özel olarak önem vererek, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda mühendislik için bir sosyal tarih yazmayı <br/>amaçlamaktadır. Mühendislerin söylemleri ve işlerine odaklanıp, 1780’lardan 1910’lara kadar, yolculukları hakkında dinamik bir görüş sunmak istiyorum. Burada mühendisler, kurumsal örgütlenme bakış açısından, profesyonel bir topluluk <br/>olarak ve hatta seçkin bireyler olarak incelenmiştir. Analizim, devletin müdahaleci politikaları, yönetmenin yeni yolları, toplumsal dönüşümler, milli kimliklerin inşası ve tahakkümcü erkekliğin yeniden tanımlanması gibi dönemin büyük sorunları <br/>çerçevesinde, mühendisliğin yapılanışına dair bazı soruları yanıtlamak niyetindedir. <br/>Daha genel bir düzeyde bu çalışma, bir zamanlar büyük bir imparatorluk olup on dokuzuncu yüzyılda kendini modern uygarlığın çeperinde bulan bir ülkenin mühendislerini analiz ederek, bilgi-iktidar tartışmalarına katkıda bulunmaya ve <br/>toplulukların oluşma ve birleşme mekanizmalarına bir nebze ışık tutmaya çalışacaktır. <br/>Modern mühendisliğin yapılanışını iktidarın meşruiyetindeki değişimlerle bağlantılı bir süreç olarak ele almak, analizimin temelini teşkil ediyor. Bu çalışmada, kalkınma söylemi ile, uzmanlaşmış teknik ve bilimsel bilgi üzerinden tanımlanan <br/>profesyonel bir topluluk olarak mühendisler arasındaki ilişkiyi inceliyorum. Daha özel olarak ise burada, mühendis topluluğunun oluşumu, devletin kendi coğrafyasını <br/>kontrol etmeyi amaçlayan politikaları ve de daha sonra gelişen toplumsal müdahaleciliği ile ilişkisi içinde analiz ediliyor. Kitabın bölümleri, devlet kurumlarında çalışan mühendislerin yaptığı işler, onların bürokratik ve iktisadî elitlerle ve işçilerle olan ilişkilerini ele almaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra birleşme pratiklerinin ve eğitimin, profesyonel bir kimlik olarak mühendisliğin yapılanışındaki rolü de incelenmiştir. <br/>Mühendislerin eğitim, iş ve bilimsel etkinlikleri, topluluk ve bireyler olarak iktidar ve statü arayışlarıyla ilişkisi içinde ele alınarak incelenen konular arasındadır. Kitap ayrıca, Osmanlı mühendislerinin milletler-üstü entelektüel ve profesyonel ağlarla bütünleşmesini de ele almaktadır. Yabancı kurumların ve uzmanların Osmanlı mühendisliği üzerindeki etkisi de dışarıda bırakılmamıştır. <br/>Bu çalışmanın kapsadığı zaman dilimi içinde, mühendis olmanın birçok yolu olduğu görülüyor: Osmanlı idaresi tarafından kurulmuş ve yönetilmekte olan okulların <br/>sağladığı örgün tekno-bilimsel eğitim, bu yollardan biridir. Bunun yanında, müslüman ve gayrimüslim Osmanlıların yurt dışında mühendislik ve ilgili disiplinlerde eğitim görme olanakları da vardı. Bu eğitimin masrafı ya Osmanlı devleti ya zengin bir hâmî ya da aile/akrabalar tarafından karşılanıyordu. II. Mahmud’un saltanatından itibaren Osmanlı idaresi, yetenekli genç adamların yurt dışı eğitimlerini finanse ederken, teknik ve askeri-teknik disiplinlere öncelik veriyordu. Batı’da eğitimi verilmeye başlandıktan kısa bir süre sonra, elektrik, havacılık gibi teknolojik yenilikler hakkında eğitim görmeye giden Osmanlı öğrenciler vardı. Ayrıca, usta-çırak sistemi üzerinden bilgi aktarımı yoluyla mühendis olma olanağı da bulunuyordu. Ehliyetli/diplomalı mühendis olmak, yani meşru görülmek ve ‘tanınmak’ için örgün bir eğitim görmüş olmak anlayışı tartışmasız bir şekilde artmasına rağmen, iş veya kendi <br/>kendini yetiştirme yoluyla deneyim kazanmış mühendisler de, sürecin sonuna kadar kabul görmeye devam ettiler. <br/>Mühendislerin profesyonel söylemi gösteriyor ki, bu adamların kendi kendilerini algılama biçimleri belirgin bir şekilde değişmiştir. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarında modern bilim hem cehaletin hem de geleneğin bir alternatifi ve modern uygarlığın bir anahtarı olarak görülmekteydi. İktidarın bir aleti olagelen bilim, bu dikotomi nedeniyle aynı zamanda alt üst edici bir potansiyel de kazanmaya başladı. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonu itibariyle, bilim ve teknoloji ayrıştı ve her iki alanda yeni <br/>ve özel kimlikler ortaya çıktı. Küresel düzeyde bilimlerin ve teknolojinin birbirinden ayrışması, bilimin milletler-üstü söylemi içinde gerçekleşti ve bu, Osmanlı entelektüelinin düşünme biçimini de etkiledi. Buna bazı iç etkenler de katkıda bulundu. <br/>Birinci Meşrutiyet’in ve Meclisin kalıntıları üzerine inşa edilen Abdülhamid’in mutlakıyetçi düzeni, özellikle ideolojik tehditler konusunda ihtiyatlıydı. Diğer yandan, daha fazla askerî yenilgi ve toprak kaybını önlemenin gayret-keş çabası içinde, kontrol etme ve yönetmenin modern araçlarının peşindeydi. Teknoloji -bilimin aksine- yönetici elitin faydacıl amaçları için daha uygun bir araç olarak görüldüğü gibi, ideolojik olarak da daha az zorlayıcı telakki edilmiş olabilir. Mühendislerin, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca oluşan ‘modern, aydın Osmanlı beyefendisi’ gibi daha geniş bir topluluğa ait olma isteğine, yukarıda saydığımız değişimler doğrultusunda edindikleri daha özelleşmiş bilgi anlayışı eklenince, mühendisler, yüzyılın sonuna doğru, bu topluluk içinde fark edilir hale geldi. Bu bilgi, bilimlerle yakından ilişkili görülmesine rağmen, bilimden farklı bir şey olarak algılanıyordu ve ‘uygulama’, bu bilginin ısrarla vurgulan bir öğesiydi. Bu durum elbette, sınırlı yönetici-elit çevrelerin, kavramları ve anlamları kontrol edip sindirerek, bilim söyleminin alt üst edici potansiyelini etkisiz hale getirdiği anlamına gelmez. Mühendisler, kimliklerini belirleyen özelleşmiş bilgiyi teknoloji ya da bilim uygulaması olarak içselleştirirken, bir yandan da maddi ilerlemeyi daha genel bir “aydınlanma” anlayışıyla ilişkilendirmeye devam ettiler. Hatta özelleşmiş bilgilerinden aldıkları cesaretle, yalnızca tanımlanmış politikaları hayata geçirmek işlevini değil aynı zamanda bu politikaları belirleme hakkını da talep ettiler. İlerleme ve uygarlık söylemi, belirli bir eylem alanıyla bağlantılı özel bir bilgiyle birleşerek, Osmanlı idaresi içinde ya da dışında kalan yeni profesyonel elitleri güçlendirdi. Yirminci yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı mühendisleri, uzmanlar ve profesyoneller olarak, modern yönetimselliği karakterize eden yaygın iktidar ağları içinde bütünleşmiş görünüyordu. <br/>Osmanlı mühendislerinin pratiği, Osmanlı devletinin uzun on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca geçirdiği dönüşümlerle yakından ilgili görünmektedir. Sultanın mühendislerinin yaptığı çok yönlü, çok boyutlu iş; kontrol, müdahale ve dönüşüm politikalarını hayata geçirmek için yaratılan ya da yeniden düzenlenen uzmanlaşmış kurumların çerçevesinde yeniden şekillendi. Nafıa idaresinin değişik seviyelerinde çalışan bu mühendisler, hem idari hem teknik görevleri yerine getirdi. Aynı zamanda, işgücü’nün yönetilmesiyle doğrudan ilgilendiler, daha doğrusu gönüllü ya da zorla çalıştırılan işçilerle karmaşık bir ilişkiler ağı içinde bulundular. Mühendislerin istihdam koşulları değişiklik gösteriyordu ama bu kitapta analiz edilen dönemin sonlarına doğru, standartlaşmaya yönelik bariz bir eğilim de gözlenmektedir. <br/>Nafıa işlerinin idaresini şekillendiren önemli bir yabancı uzman varlığı, mühendislik pratiğini özel sektörde de yapılandırdı. Yirminci yüzyılın başlangıcı yeni istihdam olanaklarının çoğalmasını beraberinde getirdi ve bu olanaklar bir taraftan müdahaleci pratiğin şehir mekanlarında yoğunlaşmasıyla diğer yandan ikinci sanayi devrimiyle ortaya çıkan teknolojik yeniliklerle bağlantılıydı. Osmanlı mühendisleri, mühendisliği yalnızca bir uzmanlık alanı olarak değil aynı zamanda bir meslek olarak gören daha geniş bir anlayışa dayanarak, bu yeni fırsatları değerlendirmeye ve hareket alanlarını devlet hizmetinin ötesinde bir kariyere, özel sektöre, doğru genişletmeye başladılar.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14148401" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c041c533172b05388ab908cf95eb8c11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38216342,"asset_id":14148401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38216342/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33138205" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uam.academia.edu/DarinaMartyk%C3%A1nov%C3%A1">Darina Martykánová</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33138205" type="text/json">{"id":33138205,"first_name":"Darina","last_name":"Martykánová","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"DarinaMartykánová","display_name":"Darina Martykánová","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uam.academia.edu/DarinaMartyk%C3%A1nov%C3%A1?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/33138205/9830410/30181918/s65_darina.martyk_nov_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14148401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14148401"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14148401, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14148401", }); 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Archaeology of a Profession (1789-1914)","created_at":"2015-07-17T07:01:51.950-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/14148401/Reconstructing_Ottoman_Engineers_Archaeology_of_a_Profession_1789_1914_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_14148401","summary":"Osmanlı Imparatorlugu’nda mühendisler\r\nBu kitap, sosyo-profesyonel kimliklerin yapılanışı ve yeniden üretilmesine özel olarak önem vererek, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda mühendislik için bir sosyal tarih yazmayı\r\namaçlamaktadır. Mühendislerin söylemleri ve işlerine odaklanıp, 1780’lardan 1910’lara kadar, yolculukları hakkında dinamik bir görüş sunmak istiyorum. Burada mühendisler, kurumsal örgütlenme bakış açısından, profesyonel bir topluluk\r\nolarak ve hatta seçkin bireyler olarak incelenmiştir. Analizim, devletin müdahaleci politikaları, yönetmenin yeni yolları, toplumsal dönüşümler, milli kimliklerin inşası ve tahakkümcü erkekliğin yeniden tanımlanması gibi dönemin büyük sorunları\r\nçerçevesinde, mühendisliğin yapılanışına dair bazı soruları yanıtlamak niyetindedir.\r\nDaha genel bir düzeyde bu çalışma, bir zamanlar büyük bir imparatorluk olup on dokuzuncu yüzyılda kendini modern uygarlığın çeperinde bulan bir ülkenin mühendislerini analiz ederek, bilgi-iktidar tartışmalarına katkıda bulunmaya ve\r\ntoplulukların oluşma ve birleşme mekanizmalarına bir nebze ışık tutmaya çalışacaktır.\r\nModern mühendisliğin yapılanışını iktidarın meşruiyetindeki değişimlerle bağlantılı bir süreç olarak ele almak, analizimin temelini teşkil ediyor. Bu çalışmada, kalkınma söylemi ile, uzmanlaşmış teknik ve bilimsel bilgi üzerinden tanımlanan\r\nprofesyonel bir topluluk olarak mühendisler arasındaki ilişkiyi inceliyorum. Daha özel olarak ise burada, mühendis topluluğunun oluşumu, devletin kendi coğrafyasını\r\nkontrol etmeyi amaçlayan politikaları ve de daha sonra gelişen toplumsal müdahaleciliği ile ilişkisi içinde analiz ediliyor. Kitabın bölümleri, devlet kurumlarında çalışan mühendislerin yaptığı işler, onların bürokratik ve iktisadî elitlerle ve işçilerle olan ilişkilerini ele almaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra birleşme pratiklerinin ve eğitimin, profesyonel bir kimlik olarak mühendisliğin yapılanışındaki rolü de incelenmiştir.\r\nMühendislerin eğitim, iş ve bilimsel etkinlikleri, topluluk ve bireyler olarak iktidar ve statü arayışlarıyla ilişkisi içinde ele alınarak incelenen konular arasındadır. Kitap ayrıca, Osmanlı mühendislerinin milletler-üstü entelektüel ve profesyonel ağlarla bütünleşmesini de ele almaktadır. Yabancı kurumların ve uzmanların Osmanlı mühendisliği üzerindeki etkisi de dışarıda bırakılmamıştır.\r\nBu çalışmanın kapsadığı zaman dilimi içinde, mühendis olmanın birçok yolu olduğu görülüyor: Osmanlı idaresi tarafından kurulmuş ve yönetilmekte olan okulların\r\nsağladığı örgün tekno-bilimsel eğitim, bu yollardan biridir. Bunun yanında, müslüman ve gayrimüslim Osmanlıların yurt dışında mühendislik ve ilgili disiplinlerde eğitim görme olanakları da vardı. Bu eğitimin masrafı ya Osmanlı devleti ya zengin bir hâmî ya da aile/akrabalar tarafından karşılanıyordu. II. Mahmud’un saltanatından itibaren Osmanlı idaresi, yetenekli genç adamların yurt dışı eğitimlerini finanse ederken, teknik ve askeri-teknik disiplinlere öncelik veriyordu. Batı’da eğitimi verilmeye başlandıktan kısa bir süre sonra, elektrik, havacılık gibi teknolojik yenilikler hakkında eğitim görmeye giden Osmanlı öğrenciler vardı. Ayrıca, usta-çırak sistemi üzerinden bilgi aktarımı yoluyla mühendis olma olanağı da bulunuyordu. Ehliyetli/diplomalı mühendis olmak, yani meşru görülmek ve ‘tanınmak’ için örgün bir eğitim görmüş olmak anlayışı tartışmasız bir şekilde artmasına rağmen, iş veya kendi\r\nkendini yetiştirme yoluyla deneyim kazanmış mühendisler de, sürecin sonuna kadar kabul görmeye devam ettiler.\r\nMühendislerin profesyonel söylemi gösteriyor ki, bu adamların kendi kendilerini algılama biçimleri belirgin bir şekilde değişmiştir. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarında modern bilim hem cehaletin hem de geleneğin bir alternatifi ve modern uygarlığın bir anahtarı olarak görülmekteydi. İktidarın bir aleti olagelen bilim, bu dikotomi nedeniyle aynı zamanda alt üst edici bir potansiyel de kazanmaya başladı. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonu itibariyle, bilim ve teknoloji ayrıştı ve her iki alanda yeni\r\nve özel kimlikler ortaya çıktı. Küresel düzeyde bilimlerin ve teknolojinin birbirinden ayrışması, bilimin milletler-üstü söylemi içinde gerçekleşti ve bu, Osmanlı entelektüelinin düşünme biçimini de etkiledi. Buna bazı iç etkenler de katkıda bulundu.\r\nBirinci Meşrutiyet’in ve Meclisin kalıntıları üzerine inşa edilen Abdülhamid’in mutlakıyetçi düzeni, özellikle ideolojik tehditler konusunda ihtiyatlıydı. Diğer yandan, daha fazla askerî yenilgi ve toprak kaybını önlemenin gayret-keş çabası içinde, kontrol etme ve yönetmenin modern araçlarının peşindeydi. Teknoloji -bilimin aksine- yönetici elitin faydacıl amaçları için daha uygun bir araç olarak görüldüğü gibi, ideolojik olarak da daha az zorlayıcı telakki edilmiş olabilir. Mühendislerin, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca oluşan ‘modern, aydın Osmanlı beyefendisi’ gibi daha geniş bir topluluğa ait olma isteğine, yukarıda saydığımız değişimler doğrultusunda edindikleri daha özelleşmiş bilgi anlayışı eklenince, mühendisler, yüzyılın sonuna doğru, bu topluluk içinde fark edilir hale geldi. Bu bilgi, bilimlerle yakından ilişkili görülmesine rağmen, bilimden farklı bir şey olarak algılanıyordu ve ‘uygulama’, bu bilginin ısrarla vurgulan bir öğesiydi. Bu durum elbette, sınırlı yönetici-elit çevrelerin, kavramları ve anlamları kontrol edip sindirerek, bilim söyleminin alt üst edici potansiyelini etkisiz hale getirdiği anlamına gelmez. Mühendisler, kimliklerini belirleyen özelleşmiş bilgiyi teknoloji ya da bilim uygulaması olarak içselleştirirken, bir yandan da maddi ilerlemeyi daha genel bir “aydınlanma” anlayışıyla ilişkilendirmeye devam ettiler. Hatta özelleşmiş bilgilerinden aldıkları cesaretle, yalnızca tanımlanmış politikaları hayata geçirmek işlevini değil aynı zamanda bu politikaları belirleme hakkını da talep ettiler. İlerleme ve uygarlık söylemi, belirli bir eylem alanıyla bağlantılı özel bir bilgiyle birleşerek, Osmanlı idaresi içinde ya da dışında kalan yeni profesyonel elitleri güçlendirdi. Yirminci yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı mühendisleri, uzmanlar ve profesyoneller olarak, modern yönetimselliği karakterize eden yaygın iktidar ağları içinde bütünleşmiş görünüyordu.\r\nOsmanlı mühendislerinin pratiği, Osmanlı devletinin uzun on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca geçirdiği dönüşümlerle yakından ilgili görünmektedir. Sultanın mühendislerinin yaptığı çok yönlü, çok boyutlu iş; kontrol, müdahale ve dönüşüm politikalarını hayata geçirmek için yaratılan ya da yeniden düzenlenen uzmanlaşmış kurumların çerçevesinde yeniden şekillendi. Nafıa idaresinin değişik seviyelerinde çalışan bu mühendisler, hem idari hem teknik görevleri yerine getirdi. Aynı zamanda, işgücü’nün yönetilmesiyle doğrudan ilgilendiler, daha doğrusu gönüllü ya da zorla çalıştırılan işçilerle karmaşık bir ilişkiler ağı içinde bulundular. Mühendislerin istihdam koşulları değişiklik gösteriyordu ama bu kitapta analiz edilen dönemin sonlarına doğru, standartlaşmaya yönelik bariz bir eğilim de gözlenmektedir.\r\nNafıa işlerinin idaresini şekillendiren önemli bir yabancı uzman varlığı, mühendislik pratiğini özel sektörde de yapılandırdı. Yirminci yüzyılın başlangıcı yeni istihdam olanaklarının çoğalmasını beraberinde getirdi ve bu olanaklar bir taraftan müdahaleci pratiğin şehir mekanlarında yoğunlaşmasıyla diğer yandan ikinci sanayi devrimiyle ortaya çıkan teknolojik yeniliklerle bağlantılıydı. Osmanlı mühendisleri, mühendisliği yalnızca bir uzmanlık alanı olarak değil aynı zamanda bir meslek olarak gören daha geniş bir anlayışa dayanarak, bu yeni fırsatları değerlendirmeye ve hareket alanlarını devlet hizmetinin ötesinde bir kariyere, özel sektöre, doğru genişletmeye başladılar.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38216342,"asset_id":14148401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33138205,"first_name":"Darina","last_name":"Martykánová","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"DarinaMartykánová","display_name":"Darina Martykánová","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uam.academia.edu/DarinaMartyk%C3%A1nov%C3%A1?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/33138205/9830410/30181918/s65_darina.martyk_nov_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2089,"name":"Social 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Estado","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernizacion_del_Estado?f_ri=25935"},{"id":116929,"name":"Ottoman Armenians","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Armenians?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35270882 coauthored" data-work_id="35270882" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/35270882/El%C3%A9ments_d_anthropologie_des_sciences_humaines_et_sociales_en_univers_technologique">Eléments d’anthropologie des sciences humaines et sociales en univers technologique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">On ne compte plus les discours affirmant l’existence et la pertinence des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) dans la formation des ingénieurs, la recherche et l’innovation technologique. L’intégration des SHS y est souvent promue au nom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35270882" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On ne compte plus les discours affirmant l’existence et la pertinence des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) dans la formation des ingénieurs, la recherche et l’innovation technologique. L’intégration des SHS y est souvent promue au nom des bienfaits de l’interdisciplinarité et de la nécessaire prise en compte des enjeux sociétaux dans l’exercice des fonctions d’ingénieur et plus généralement dans l’innovation. Rares sont pourtant les études qui s’attachent à décrire les activités de recherche (et non seulement de formation) de ces SHS, leurs modalités concrètes d’intégration et de déploiement dans ces univers, leurs pratiques quotidiennes et leurs interactions avec les sciences pour l’ingénieur (SPI).<br/><br/>Le projet HOMTECH (sciences de l’HOMme en univers TECHnologique, 2015-2017) porte sur la recherche en SHS lorsqu’elle prend place en « environnement technologique » et plus précisément en écoles d’ingénieurs et en universités de technologie. Il entend ainsi instruire de manière épistémologique, historique et empirique la question de la singularité des méthodes, des pratiques et des finalités des recherches en SHS s’inscrivant dans ces environnements. Les SHS étudiées ici réflexivement incluent la philosophie, l’histoire, les sciences de l’information et de la communication, la psychologie, les sciences cognitives, la sociologie, l’économie et les sciences de gestion.<br/><br/>Quelle place et quelle importance sont accordées à la recherche en SHS dans ces établissements ? Quels objectifs poursuit-elle et peut-elle poursuivre ? Comment se fait l’articulation entre la recherche et l’enseignement de ces SHS en environnement technologique ? Quelles sont et quelles peuvent être les modalités concrètes d’une interdisciplinarité féconde entre SHS et SPI ? Quels rapports ces SHS entretiennent-elle avec la technologie dans ses multiples significations (comme domaine d’objets, comme théorie et comme ressource pour la recherche) ?<br/><br/>C’est pour tenter d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions que nous avons réalisé une anthropologie de la vie de laboratoire de SHS en univers technologique.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35270882" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e46407f4563883542766a33b1d404ec8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55131763,"asset_id":35270882,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55131763/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19231201" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://univ-lyon3.academia.edu/SachaLoeve">Sacha Loeve</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19231201" type="text/json">{"id":19231201,"first_name":"Sacha","last_name":"Loeve","domain_name":"univ-lyon3","page_name":"SachaLoeve","display_name":"Sacha Loeve","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://univ-lyon3.academia.edu/SachaLoeve?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/19231201/5361473/6121338/s65_sacha.loeve.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35270882">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35270882"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ehess.academia.edu/Timoth%C3%A9eDeldicque">Timothée Deldicque</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35270882'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35270882').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35270882 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35270882"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35270882; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35270882]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35270882").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35270882").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35270882"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="855" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology">Philosophy of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="855" type="text/json">{"id":855,"name":"Philosophy of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1230" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology">Social Research Methods and Methodology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1230" type="text/json">{"id":1230,"name":"Social Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35270882]'), work: {"id":35270882,"title":"Eléments d’anthropologie des sciences humaines et sociales en univers technologique","created_at":"2017-11-28T00:34:54.650-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/35270882/El%C3%A9ments_d_anthropologie_des_sciences_humaines_et_sociales_en_univers_technologique?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_35270882","summary":"On ne compte plus les discours affirmant l’existence et la pertinence des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) dans la formation des ingénieurs, la recherche et l’innovation technologique. 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Les SHS étudiées ici réflexivement incluent la philosophie, l’histoire, les sciences de l’information et de la communication, la psychologie, les sciences cognitives, la sociologie, l’économie et les sciences de gestion.\n\nQuelle place et quelle importance sont accordées à la recherche en SHS dans ces établissements ? Quels objectifs poursuit-elle et peut-elle poursuivre ? Comment se fait l’articulation entre la recherche et l’enseignement de ces SHS en environnement technologique ? Quelles sont et quelles peuvent être les modalités concrètes d’une interdisciplinarité féconde entre SHS et SPI ? Quels rapports ces SHS entretiennent-elle avec la technologie dans ses multiples significations (comme domaine d’objets, comme théorie et comme ressource pour la recherche) ?\n\nC’est pour tenter d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions que nous avons réalisé une anthropologie de la vie de laboratoire de SHS en univers technologique.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55131763,"asset_id":35270882,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19231201,"first_name":"Sacha","last_name":"Loeve","domain_name":"univ-lyon3","page_name":"SachaLoeve","display_name":"Sacha 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Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2687026,"name":"Intermediary Object","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermediary_Object?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8503034" data-work_id="8503034" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/8503034/Ornella_Selvafolta_Paesaggi_della_tecnica_e_paesaggi_dell_arte_i_viaggi_di_istruzione_al_Politecnico_di_Milano_tra_Otto_e_Novecento_in_Annali_di_Storia_delle_Universit%C3%A0_Italiane_CISUI_Centro_Interuniversitario_per_la_Storia_delle_Universit%C3%A0_Italiane_Bologna_a_12_2008_pp_119_145">Ornella Selvafolta, Paesaggi della tecnica e paesaggi dell’arte: i viaggi di istruzione al Politecnico di Milano tra Otto e Novecento, in "Annali di Storia delle Università Italiane", CISUI -Centro Interuniversitario per la Storia delle Università Italiane, Bologna, a. 12, 2008, pp.119-145</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Study tours have represented an integral part of the education of engineers and architects at the Politecnico di Milano since its founding in 1863. The essay pays attention to these issues throughout the decades between the second half of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8503034" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Study tours have represented an integral part of the education of engineers and architects at the Politecnico di Milano since its founding in 1863. The essay pays attention to these issues throughout the decades between the second half of the XIXth century and the First World War, reflecting on methods and tools of learning and looking at the routes followed by professors and students as mirrors of the main territorial and architectural events in the country, in a period marked by great changes. Emerging issues are the development and improvement of infrastructure networks, especially railways, the development of industrial and commercial activities, the exploitation of new energy resources, the renewal of cities and architecture, as well as new regulations regarding the preservation and restoration of monuments. The buildings and places visited by students and teachers constitute a sort of grand tour seeking for modernity, which gave future engineers and architects the opportunity to update their knowledge and, at the same time, to verify the real efficiency of the school education, in line with the concept of "applied science” that is the very foundation of polytechnic schools.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8503034" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce5a7854802a0981825acbc5895d3b84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34882597,"asset_id":8503034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34882597/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10249117" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta">Ornella Selvafolta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10249117" type="text/json">{"id":10249117,"first_name":"Ornella","last_name":"Selvafolta","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"OrnellaSelvafolta","display_name":"Ornella Selvafolta","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/10249117/116412483/105707122/s65_ornella.selvafolta.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8503034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8503034"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8503034, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8503034", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8503034]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8503034").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8503034").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8503034"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="970634" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Territory">History of the Territory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="970634" type="text/json">{"id":970634,"name":"History of the Territory","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Territory?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8503034]'), work: {"id":8503034,"title":"Ornella Selvafolta, Paesaggi della tecnica e paesaggi dell’arte: i viaggi di istruzione al Politecnico di Milano tra Otto e Novecento, in \"Annali di Storia delle Università Italiane\", CISUI -Centro Interuniversitario per la Storia delle Università Italiane, Bologna, a. 12, 2008, pp.119-145","created_at":"2014-09-25T22:38:38.637-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/8503034/Ornella_Selvafolta_Paesaggi_della_tecnica_e_paesaggi_dell_arte_i_viaggi_di_istruzione_al_Politecnico_di_Milano_tra_Otto_e_Novecento_in_Annali_di_Storia_delle_Universit%C3%A0_Italiane_CISUI_Centro_Interuniversitario_per_la_Storia_delle_Universit%C3%A0_Italiane_Bologna_a_12_2008_pp_119_145?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_8503034","summary":"Study tours have represented an integral part of the education of engineers and architects at the Politecnico di Milano since its founding in 1863. The essay pays attention to these issues throughout the decades between the second half of the XIXth century and the First World War, reflecting on methods and tools of learning and looking at the routes followed by professors and students as mirrors of the main territorial and architectural events in the country, in a period marked by great changes. Emerging issues are the development and improvement of infrastructure networks, especially railways, the development of industrial and commercial activities, the exploitation of new energy resources, the renewal of cities and architecture, as well as new regulations regarding the preservation and restoration of monuments. The buildings and places visited by students and teachers constitute a sort of grand tour seeking for modernity, which gave future engineers and architects the opportunity to update their knowledge and, at the same time, to verify the real efficiency of the school education, in line with the concept of \"applied science” that is the very foundation of polytechnic schools.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34882597,"asset_id":8503034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10249117,"first_name":"Ornella","last_name":"Selvafolta","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"OrnellaSelvafolta","display_name":"Ornella Selvafolta","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/10249117/116412483/105707122/s65_ornella.selvafolta.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":970634,"name":"History of the Territory","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Territory?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10779499" data-work_id="10779499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/10779499/El_Primer_Laboratorio_Mexicano_de_Ingenier%C3%ADa_Civil_hoy_Biblioteca_Ing_Antonio_M_Anza">El Primer Laboratorio Mexicano de Ingeniería Civil, hoy Biblioteca Ing. Antonio M. Anza</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10779499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09ff900bd3c4eb0959b4dc231eb91ded" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36630702,"asset_id":10779499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36630702/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4420753" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla">Omar Escamilla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4420753" type="text/json">{"id":4420753,"first_name":"Omar","last_name":"Escamilla","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"OmarEscamilla","display_name":"Omar Escamilla","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4420753/3516462/4129167/s65_omar.escamilla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10779499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10779499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10779499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10779499", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10779499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10779499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10779499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10779499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11913" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering">History of civil engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11913" type="text/json">{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10779499]'), work: {"id":10779499,"title":"El Primer Laboratorio Mexicano de Ingeniería Civil, hoy Biblioteca Ing. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10779475]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10779475").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10779475").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10779475"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10779475]'), work: {"id":10779475,"title":"Orígenes de la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica en México y el Laboratorio de Máquinas Térmicas, hoy Salón Bicentenario:1867-1924","created_at":"2015-02-13T19:07:34.868-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/10779475/Or%C3%ADgenes_de_la_carrera_de_Ingenier%C3%ADa_Mec%C3%A1nica_en_M%C3%A9xico_y_el_Laboratorio_de_M%C3%A1quinas_T%C3%A9rmicas_hoy_Sal%C3%B3n_Bicentenario_1867_1924?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_10779475","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36630689,"asset_id":10779475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4420753,"first_name":"Omar","last_name":"Escamilla","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"OmarEscamilla","display_name":"Omar Escamilla","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4420753/3516462/4129167/s65_omar.escamilla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39317605" data-work_id="39317605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/39317605/_%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80o%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD_35_2016_233_264">«Οι μηχανικοί στην Ελλάδα του Μεσοπoλέμου: σπουδές, επαγγελματικές σταδιοδρομίες, διασυνδέσεις», Μνήμων 35 (2016), 233-264</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The engineers in interwar Greece: studies, professional careers, interconnections From the 1880s until the interwar period, the community of Greek engineers gradually came to be formed, with the creation of associations and professional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39317605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The engineers in interwar Greece: studies, professional careers, interconnections<br/><br/>From the 1880s until the interwar period, the community of Greek engineers gradually came to be formed, with the creation of associations and professional organisations (the Technical Chamber of Greece was founded in 1923), as well as the publications of the specialist technical press.<br/>The research highlights the formation of this new social professional group by using the data for the first 2.048 members who were enrolled in the TCG Register (published in 1934). As these engineers were the only ones entitled to practice the engineering profession in Greece in the interwar, the article focuses on their studies and career development by examining a) the choices about the engineering studies in polytechnics in Greece and abroad· b) The professional careers of the engineers and<br/>their opportunities to gain access into the labour market· c) The social origins and the different (family, entrepreneurial, ethno-religious or other) networks, in which they participate. The research utilises, except the register of members of the TCG, the technical and economic press of the period and the Archive K. Vovolinis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39317605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3e183bfb45ffea7eb629bdbe9c961cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59456243,"asset_id":39317605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59456243/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1689101" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uoi.academia.edu/LedaPapastefanaki">Leda Papastefanaki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1689101" type="text/json">{"id":1689101,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Papastefanaki","domain_name":"uoi","page_name":"LedaPapastefanaki","display_name":"Leda Papastefanaki","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uoi.academia.edu/LedaPapastefanaki?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1689101/583942/14496777/s65_leda.papastefanaki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39317605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39317605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39317605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39317605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39317605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39317605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39317605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39317605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2862" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History">Industrial History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2862" type="text/json">{"id":2862,"name":"Industrial History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13752" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History">Modern Greek History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13752" type="text/json">{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15588" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History">Social History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15588" type="text/json">{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39317605]'), work: {"id":39317605,"title":"«Οι μηχανικοί στην Ελλάδα του Μεσοπoλέμου: σπουδές, επαγγελματικές σταδιοδρομίες, διασυνδέσεις», Μνήμων 35 (2016), 233-264","created_at":"2019-05-30T12:57:40.509-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/39317605/_%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80o%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD_35_2016_233_264?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_39317605","summary":"The engineers in interwar Greece: studies, professional careers, interconnections\n\nFrom the 1880s until the interwar period, the community of Greek engineers gradually came to be formed, with the creation of associations and professional organisations (the Technical Chamber of Greece was founded in 1923), as well as the publications of the specialist technical press.\nThe research highlights the formation of this new social professional group by using the data for the first 2.048 members who were enrolled in the TCG Register (published in 1934). As these engineers were the only ones entitled to practice the engineering profession in Greece in the interwar, the article focuses on their studies and career development by examining a) the choices about the engineering studies in polytechnics in Greece and abroad· b) The professional careers of the engineers and\ntheir opportunities to gain access into the labour market· c) The social origins and the different (family, entrepreneurial, ethno-religious or other) networks, in which they participate. The research utilises, except the register of members of the TCG, the technical and economic press of the period and the Archive K. Vovolinis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59456243,"asset_id":39317605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1689101,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Papastefanaki","domain_name":"uoi","page_name":"LedaPapastefanaki","display_name":"Leda Papastefanaki","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uoi.academia.edu/LedaPapastefanaki?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1689101/583942/14496777/s65_leda.papastefanaki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2862,"name":"Industrial History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/32189149/Bruno_Belhoste_Antoine_Picon_Jo%C3%ABl_Sakarovitch_Les_exercices_dans_les_%C3%A9coles_ding%C3%A9nieurs_sous_lAncien_R%C3%A9gime_et_la_R%C3%A9volution_in_Histoire_de_l%C3%A9ducation_n_46_1990_pp_53_109">Bruno Belhoste, Antoine Picon, Joël Sakarovitch, "Les exercices dans les écoles d'ingénieurs sous l'Ancien Régime et la Révolution", in Histoire de l'éducation, n° 46, 1990, pp. 53-109.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32189149" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://harvard.academia.edu/AntoinePicon">Antoine Picon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4084592" type="text/json">{"id":4084592,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Picon","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AntoinePicon","display_name":"Antoine Picon","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://harvard.academia.edu/AntoinePicon?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4084592/11109890/12398280/s65_antoine.picon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32189149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32189149"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32189149, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32189149", }); });</script></li><li 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Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11913" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering">History of civil engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11913" type="text/json">{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32189149]'), work: {"id":32189149,"title":"Bruno Belhoste, Antoine Picon, Joël Sakarovitch, \"Les exercices dans les écoles d'ingénieurs sous l'Ancien Régime et la Révolution\", in Histoire de l'éducation, n° 46, 1990, pp. 53-109.","created_at":"2017-04-01T12:17:46.377-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/32189149/Bruno_Belhoste_Antoine_Picon_Jo%C3%ABl_Sakarovitch_Les_exercices_dans_les_%C3%A9coles_ding%C3%A9nieurs_sous_lAncien_R%C3%A9gime_et_la_R%C3%A9volution_in_Histoire_de_l%C3%A9ducation_n_46_1990_pp_53_109?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_32189149","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52422031,"asset_id":32189149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4084592,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Picon","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AntoinePicon","display_name":"Antoine Picon","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://harvard.academia.edu/AntoinePicon?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4084592/11109890/12398280/s65_antoine.picon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3557,"name":"History of 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8074323" data-work_id="8074323" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/8074323/Ornella_Selvafolta_Gli_studi_di_ingegneria_civile_e_di_architettura_al_Politecnico_di_Milano_Territorio_costruzioni_architetture_in_Le_universit%C3%A0_e_l_Unit%C3%A0_d_Italia_a_cura_di_Alessandra_Ferraresi_Elisa_Signori_Bologna_Clueb_2012">Ornella Selvafolta, Gli studi di ingegneria civile e di architettura al Politecnico di Milano. Territorio, costruzioni, architetture, in Le università e l’Unità d’Italia, a cura di Alessandra Ferraresi, Elisa Signori, Bologna, Clueb, 2012</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8074323" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99237ab6233b29297b7f6060b1f44db7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34527478,"asset_id":8074323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34527478/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10249117" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta">Ornella Selvafolta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10249117" type="text/json">{"id":10249117,"first_name":"Ornella","last_name":"Selvafolta","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"OrnellaSelvafolta","display_name":"Ornella Selvafolta","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/10249117/116412483/105707122/s65_ornella.selvafolta.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8074323 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8074323"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8074323, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8074323", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8074323]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8074323").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8074323").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8074323"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8074323]'), work: {"id":8074323,"title":"Ornella Selvafolta, Gli studi di ingegneria civile e di architettura al Politecnico di Milano. Territorio, costruzioni, architetture, in Le università e l’Unità d’Italia, a cura di Alessandra Ferraresi, Elisa Signori, Bologna, Clueb, 2012","created_at":"2014-08-24T22:24:42.091-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/8074323/Ornella_Selvafolta_Gli_studi_di_ingegneria_civile_e_di_architettura_al_Politecnico_di_Milano_Territorio_costruzioni_architetture_in_Le_universit%C3%A0_e_l_Unit%C3%A0_d_Italia_a_cura_di_Alessandra_Ferraresi_Elisa_Signori_Bologna_Clueb_2012?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_8074323","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34527478,"asset_id":8074323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10249117,"first_name":"Ornella","last_name":"Selvafolta","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"OrnellaSelvafolta","display_name":"Ornella Selvafolta","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/10249117/116412483/105707122/s65_ornella.selvafolta.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_717945" data-work_id="717945" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/717945/Educating_Chinese_Engineers_The_Case_of_Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University_during_1896_1949">Educating Chinese Engineers: The Case of Shanghai Jiao Tong University during 1896-1949.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter summarizes the early institutional history of one of China’s most important and well-regarded engineering schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). It shows how the university and its engineering programs evolved in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_717945" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter summarizes the early institutional history of one of China’s most important and well-regarded engineering schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). It shows how the university and its engineering programs evolved in tandem with national development and defense priorities from the school’s founding in 1896 through the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. More specifically, we look at key changes in the school’s admissions policies, peda-gogy, curricula, and organizational structure, as well as typical career pathways for its graduates. To further contextualize this account, the chapter begins with a general history of engineering education in China from the late Qing Dynasty through the Nationalist period. This chapter should be of interest to those wanting to know more about the historical foundations of the engineering profession in China, including the role of leading educational institutions in China’s national development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/717945" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="659f79436bbf4ad8c7b0e031cb8d06b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53372008,"asset_id":717945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53372008/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="530082" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/YiShen">Yi Shen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="530082" type="text/json">{"id":530082,"first_name":"Yi","last_name":"Shen","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"YiShen","display_name":"Yi Shen","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/YiShen?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/530082/30028921/56424039/s65_yi.shen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_717945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="717945"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 717945, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_717945", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=717945]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_717945").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_717945").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="717945"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2023" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education">Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2023" type="text/json">{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164729" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Engineers">Chinese Engineers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="164729" type="text/json">{"id":164729,"name":"Chinese Engineers","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Engineers?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164730" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="164730" type="text/json">{"id":164730,"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=717945]'), work: {"id":717945,"title":"Educating Chinese Engineers: The Case of Shanghai Jiao Tong University during 1896-1949.","created_at":"2011-07-05T02:04:21.391-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/717945/Educating_Chinese_Engineers_The_Case_of_Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University_during_1896_1949?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_717945","summary":"This chapter summarizes the early institutional history of one of China’s most important and well-regarded engineering schools, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). It shows how the university and its engineering programs evolved in tandem with national development and defense priorities from the school’s founding in 1896 through the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. More specifically, we look at key changes in the school’s admissions policies, peda-gogy, curricula, and organizational structure, as well as typical career pathways for its graduates. To further contextualize this account, the chapter begins with a general history of engineering education in China from the late Qing Dynasty through the Nationalist period. This chapter should be of interest to those wanting to know more about the historical foundations of the engineering profession in China, including the role of leading educational institutions in China’s national development.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53372008,"asset_id":717945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":530082,"first_name":"Yi","last_name":"Shen","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"YiShen","display_name":"Yi Shen","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/YiShen?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/530082/30028921/56424039/s65_yi.shen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":164729,"name":"Chinese Engineers","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Engineers?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":164730,"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72332592" data-work_id="72332592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/72332592/Dolores_Rubio_%C3%81vila_The_first_female_engineering_scholar_and_academic_in_Mexico_1910">Dolores Rubio Ávila. The first female engineering scholar and academic in Mexico, 1910</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 1910, the National University of Mexico was founded; this educational project gathered together the main national schools of higher education, such as the National Engineering School. The National University inherited the legacy of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72332592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 1910, the National University of Mexico was founded; this educational<br/>project gathered together the main national schools of higher education, such as the National Engineering School. The National University inherited the legacy of the Royal School of Mines, which opened its doors in 1792 aiming to train young students in mineral exploration and exploitation based on a scientific approach. In 1867, this school gave birth to a civil engineering program and later, courses in mechanical and industrial engineering and metallurgy were added. Nevertheless, during the 19th Century, all registered enrollments were exclusively male; it would take until 1910 for when the first female student, Dolores Rubio, was enrolled. <br/>In this paper, I will study Dolores Rubio’s entry into the metallurgy program in the National Engineering School, and, as a parallel subject, I will also analyze her professional performance as Preparator of the Cabinet of Mineralogy, Geology and Paleontology in this institution. Based on this research and its source documents, some ideas regarding the role of women in society, science and engineering at the beginning of the 20th Century in Mexico will also be presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72332592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff354068ce750c32a1d0c43be29d90b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81300959,"asset_id":72332592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81300959/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="888353" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/LuceroMorelos">Lucero Morelos Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="888353" type="text/json">{"id":888353,"first_name":"Lucero","last_name":"Morelos Rodríguez","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"LuceroMorelos","display_name":"Lucero Morelos Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/LuceroMorelos?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/888353/324127/36646424/s65_lucero.morelos_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72332592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72332592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72332592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72332592", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72332592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72332592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72332592"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72332592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72332592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72332592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72332592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72332592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72332592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72332592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13310" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology">History of Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13310" type="text/json">{"id":13310,"name":"History of Geology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923487" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mexican_Women">History of Mexican Women</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="923487" type="text/json">{"id":923487,"name":"History of Mexican Women","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mexican_Women?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72332592]'), work: {"id":72332592,"title":"Dolores Rubio Ávila. The first female engineering scholar and academic in Mexico, 1910","created_at":"2022-02-23T08:52:06.733-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/72332592/Dolores_Rubio_%C3%81vila_The_first_female_engineering_scholar_and_academic_in_Mexico_1910?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_72332592","summary":"In 1910, the National University of Mexico was founded; this educational\nproject gathered together the main national schools of higher education, such as the National Engineering School. The National University inherited the legacy of the Royal School of Mines, which opened its doors in 1792 aiming to train young students in mineral exploration and exploitation based on a scientific approach. In 1867, this school gave birth to a civil engineering program and later, courses in mechanical and industrial engineering and metallurgy were added. Nevertheless, during the 19th Century, all registered enrollments were exclusively male; it would take until 1910 for when the first female student, Dolores Rubio, was enrolled. \nIn this paper, I will study Dolores Rubio’s entry into the metallurgy program in the National Engineering School, and, as a parallel subject, I will also analyze her professional performance as Preparator of the Cabinet of Mineralogy, Geology and Paleontology in this institution. Based on this research and its source docu\u0002ments, some ideas regarding the role of women in society, science and engineering at the beginning of the 20th Century in Mexico will also be presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81300959,"asset_id":72332592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":888353,"first_name":"Lucero","last_name":"Morelos Rodríguez","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"LuceroMorelos","display_name":"Lucero Morelos Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/LuceroMorelos?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/888353/324127/36646424/s65_lucero.morelos_rodr_guez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":13310,"name":"History of Geology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":923487,"name":"History of Mexican Women","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mexican_Women?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2607588,"name":"History of women in engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_women_in_engineering?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71645062" data-work_id="71645062" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/71645062/Engineers_for_Seoul_Sewage_Treatment_and_the_Professionalization_of_Sanitary_Engineering_in_Korea">Engineers for Seoul: Sewage Treatment and the Professionalization of Sanitary Engineering in Korea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper focuses on how early Korean sanitary engineers used new sewage treatment plants as an opportunity to redefine sanitation as an engineering practice and to refashion themselves as prestigious engineers. Through academic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71645062" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper focuses on how early Korean sanitary engineers used new sewage treatment plants as an opportunity to redefine sanitation as an engineering practice and to refashion themselves as prestigious engineers. Through academic programs, professional societies, and public service, academics and government officials established new identities of an independent profession as a service to the community. I first track down how sanitation and public health have evolved in 1960s urban Seoul. I argue that early sanitary engineers of Seoul City University differentiated themselves both from civil engineering profession and from municipal public works with new curriculum. I look at the professionalization of sanitary engineers and their branding as environmental engineers with their Korean Society for Environmental Engineers and Korean Environmental Engineering Federation. I conclude with ideas to understand the strategies employed by early sanitary engineers in Seoul such as appropriating knowledge and infrastructure and co-producing profession and identity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71645062" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="336bd0337b31a8fcc88b04235f390679" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80901079,"asset_id":71645062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80901079/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26988" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://kunsan.academia.edu/JongminLee">Jongmin Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26988" type="text/json">{"id":26988,"first_name":"Jongmin","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"kunsan","page_name":"JongminLee","display_name":"Jongmin Lee","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://kunsan.academia.edu/JongminLee?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/26988/1132873/12982152/s65_jongmin.lee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71645062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71645062"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71645062, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71645062", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71645062]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71645062").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71645062").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71645062"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2023" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education">Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2023" type="text/json">{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71645062]'), work: {"id":71645062,"title":"Engineers for Seoul: Sewage Treatment and the Professionalization of Sanitary Engineering in Korea","created_at":"2022-02-15T17:40:23.733-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/71645062/Engineers_for_Seoul_Sewage_Treatment_and_the_Professionalization_of_Sanitary_Engineering_in_Korea?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_71645062","summary":"This paper focuses on how early Korean sanitary engineers used new sewage treatment plants as an opportunity to redefine sanitation as an engineering practice and to refashion themselves as prestigious engineers. Through academic programs, professional societies, and public service, academics and government officials established new identities of an independent profession as a service to the community. I first track down how sanitation and public health have evolved in 1960s urban Seoul. I argue that early sanitary engineers of Seoul City University differentiated themselves both from civil engineering profession and from municipal public works with new curriculum. I look at the professionalization of sanitary engineers and their branding as environmental engineers with their Korean Society for Environmental Engineers and Korean Environmental Engineering Federation. I conclude with ideas to understand the strategies employed by early sanitary engineers in Seoul such as appropriating knowledge and infrastructure and co-producing profession and identity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80901079,"asset_id":71645062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26988,"first_name":"Jongmin","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"kunsan","page_name":"JongminLee","display_name":"Jongmin Lee","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://kunsan.academia.edu/JongminLee?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/26988/1132873/12982152/s65_jongmin.lee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2290,"name":"Urbanization in Developing Areas","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanization_in_Developing_Areas?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=25935"},{"id":14314,"name":"Sociology of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Professions?f_ri=25935"},{"id":15655,"name":"Korean History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":54424,"name":"science and technology studies (STS)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/science_and_technology_studies_STS_?f_ri=25935"},{"id":58356,"name":"Engineering studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_studies?f_ri=25935"},{"id":60033,"name":"East Asian History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":104488,"name":"engineering Teaching and Learning in Higher Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/engineering_Teaching_and_Learning_in_Higher_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":152752,"name":"Professionalization","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professionalization?f_ri=25935"},{"id":195015,"name":"Engineering \u0026 Built Environment Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_and_Built_Environment_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":272073,"name":"Seoul","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seoul?f_ri=25935"},{"id":551896,"name":"Sewage Treatment","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sewage_Treatment?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1115156,"name":"Sanitary and Environmental Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanitary_and_Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81606801" data-work_id="81606801" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/81606801/From_Kayseri_to_Princeton_A_Short_Biography_of_the_First_Turkish_Aeronautical_Engineer_Educated_in_Turkey_Prof_Dr_Ahmed_Cemal_Eringen">From Kayseri to Princeton: A Short Biography of the First Turkish Aeronautical Engineer Educated in Turkey: Prof. Dr. Ahmed Cemal Eringen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81606801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d140a5ad22f9b9b73a67e77796c8de9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87592936,"asset_id":81606801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87592936/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81089994" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/Emir%C3%96ng%C3%BCner">Emir Öngüner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81089994" type="text/json">{"id":81089994,"first_name":"Emir","last_name":"Öngüner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmirÖngüner","display_name":"Emir Öngüner","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/Emir%C3%96ng%C3%BCner?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/81089994/19622210/134193457/s65_emir._ng_ner.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81606801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81606801"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81606801, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81606801", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81606801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81606801; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81606801"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81606801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81606801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81606801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81606801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81606801").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81606801").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81606801"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10959" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuum_Mechanics">Continuum Mechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10959" type="text/json">{"id":10959,"name":"Continuum Mechanics","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuum_Mechanics?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="144725" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ucak_Muhendisligi">Ucak Mühendisliği</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="144725" type="text/json">{"id":144725,"name":"Ucak Mühendisliği","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ucak_Muhendisligi?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="154581" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Purdue_University">Purdue University</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="154581" type="text/json">{"id":154581,"name":"Purdue University","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Purdue_University?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81606801]'), work: {"id":81606801,"title":"From Kayseri to Princeton: A Short Biography of the First Turkish Aeronautical Engineer Educated in Turkey: Prof. Dr. Ahmed Cemal Eringen","created_at":"2022-06-16T02:06:02.178-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/81606801/From_Kayseri_to_Princeton_A_Short_Biography_of_the_First_Turkish_Aeronautical_Engineer_Educated_in_Turkey_Prof_Dr_Ahmed_Cemal_Eringen?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_81606801","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87592936,"asset_id":81606801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81089994,"first_name":"Emir","last_name":"Öngüner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmirÖngüner","display_name":"Emir Öngüner","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/Emir%C3%96ng%C3%BCner?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/81089994/19622210/134193457/s65_emir._ng_ner.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10959,"name":"Continuum Mechanics","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuum_Mechanics?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":144725,"name":"Ucak Mühendisliği","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ucak_Muhendisligi?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":154581,"name":"Purdue University","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Purdue_University?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":467243,"name":"Princeton University","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Princeton_University?f_ri=25935"},{"id":616263,"name":"History of Aviation","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Aviation?f_ri=25935"},{"id":778648,"name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology?f_ri=25935"},{"id":977827,"name":"Türk Eğitim Tarihi","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turk_Egitim_Tarihi?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2796387,"name":"Türk Havacılık Tarihi","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T%C3%BCrk_Havac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Tarihi?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6877851" data-work_id="6877851" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/6877851/Jean_Prouv%C3%A9_au_Cnam_un_professeur_%C3%A0_l_oeuvre_Jean_Prouv%C3%A9_at_the_Conservatoire_national_des_arts_et_m%C3%A9tiers_a_teacher_at_work_1958_1971_">Jean Prouvé au Cnam : un professeur à l’oeuvre / Jean Prouvé at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers : a teacher at work (1958-1971)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6877851" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="509f00363be7a4ca1f925c3ca0ea7bda" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://paris-belleville.academia.edu/GuyLambert">Guy Lambert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5729731" type="text/json">{"id":5729731,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Lambert","domain_name":"paris-belleville","page_name":"GuyLambert","display_name":"Guy Lambert","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://paris-belleville.academia.edu/GuyLambert?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/5729731/8002881/8964002/s65_guy.lambert.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6877851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6877851"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6877851, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6877851", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6877851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6877851; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6877851"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6877851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6877851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6877851; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6877851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6877851").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6877851").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6877851"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1632" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_History">Design History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1632" type="text/json">{"id":1632,"name":"Design History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2196" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education">History of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2196" type="text/json">{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6800" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Education">Architectural Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6800" type="text/json">{"id":6800,"name":"Architectural Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6877851]'), work: {"id":6877851,"title":"Jean Prouvé au Cnam : un professeur à l’oeuvre / Jean Prouvé at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers : a teacher at work (1958-1971)","created_at":"2014-04-26T06:10:34.639-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/6877851/Jean_Prouv%C3%A9_au_Cnam_un_professeur_%C3%A0_l_oeuvre_Jean_Prouv%C3%A9_at_the_Conservatoire_national_des_arts_et_m%C3%A9tiers_a_teacher_at_work_1958_1971_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_6877851","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33563615,"asset_id":6877851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5729731,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Lambert","domain_name":"paris-belleville","page_name":"GuyLambert","display_name":"Guy Lambert","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://paris-belleville.academia.edu/GuyLambert?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/5729731/8002881/8964002/s65_guy.lambert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":1632,"name":"Design History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":6800,"name":"Architectural Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":17762,"name":"Art and Design Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_and_Design_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":19029,"name":"History of Design","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Design?f_ri=25935"},{"id":25306,"name":"- Architecture history","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Architecture_history?f_ri=25935"},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":32248,"name":"History of Construction","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Construction?f_ri=25935"},{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=25935"},{"id":73186,"name":"Jean Prouve","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Prouve?f_ri=25935"},{"id":152992,"name":"Architecture Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":382397,"name":"Artist-Teacher","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artist-Teacher?f_ri=25935"},{"id":809606,"name":"CNAM","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CNAM?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1899088,"name":"CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CNAM_-_Conservatoire_National_des_Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2972812,"name":"Jean Prouvé","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Prouv%C3%A9?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19908472" data-work_id="19908472" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/19908472/Past_forward_policy_making_transforming_Chinese_engineering_education_since_the_Reform_and_Opening_up">Past/forward policy-making: transforming Chinese engineering education since the Reform and Opening-up</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although engineering education has played important roles in China’s growing power and influence on the world stage, engineering education policy since the Reform and Opening-up in the late 1970s has not been well documented in current... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19908472" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although engineering education has played important roles in China’s growing power and influence on the world stage, engineering education policy since the Reform and Opening-up in the late 1970s has not been well documented in current English-language scholarship. Informed by historical and sociological studies of education, engineering and engineering education, this paper attempts to address this scholarly gap by relating contemporary Chinese engineering education policy-making to its broader historical, cultural and ideological contexts. Based on analysis of policy documents and reports released by the Chinese government and engineering schools, and drawing on prior scholarship of Chinese (engineering) education policy, this paper employs the concept of ‘past/forward’ as an analytic lens to interpret and understand four major areas of engineering education policy change in contemporary China: institutional reform, disciplines and majors, training objectives, and curriculum reform.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19908472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36e817da959228e432cd29980d54b9c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40910762,"asset_id":19908472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40910762/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2309562" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://vt.academia.edu/QinZhu">Qin Zhu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2309562" type="text/json">{"id":2309562,"first_name":"Qin","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"vt","page_name":"QinZhu","display_name":"Qin Zhu","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://vt.academia.edu/QinZhu?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/2309562/755552/35710640/s65_qin.zhu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19908472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19908472"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19908472, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19908472", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19908472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19908472; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19908472"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19908472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19908472"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19908472; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19908472]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19908472").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19908472").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19908472"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9822" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy">Education Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9822" type="text/json">{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20602" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies">China studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20602" type="text/json">{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19908472]'), work: {"id":19908472,"title":"Past/forward policy-making: transforming Chinese engineering education since the Reform and Opening-up","created_at":"2015-12-30T07:14:29.556-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/19908472/Past_forward_policy_making_transforming_Chinese_engineering_education_since_the_Reform_and_Opening_up?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_19908472","summary":"Although engineering education has played important roles in China’s growing power and influence on the world stage, engineering education policy since the Reform and Opening-up in the late 1970s has not been well documented in current English-language scholarship. Informed by historical and sociological studies of education, engineering and engineering education, this paper attempts to address this scholarly gap by relating contemporary Chinese engineering education policy-making to its broader historical, cultural and ideological contexts. Based on analysis of policy documents and reports released by the Chinese government and engineering schools, and drawing on prior scholarship of Chinese (engineering) education policy, this paper employs the concept of ‘past/forward’ as an analytic lens to interpret and understand four major areas of engineering education policy change in contemporary China: institutional reform, disciplines and majors, training objectives, and curriculum reform.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40910762,"asset_id":19908472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2309562,"first_name":"Qin","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"vt","page_name":"QinZhu","display_name":"Qin Zhu","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://vt.academia.edu/QinZhu?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/2309562/755552/35710640/s65_qin.zhu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40685743" data-work_id="40685743" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/40685743/University_of_Cambridge_Deptartment_of_Engineering_Archaeological_Desktop_Assessment_2013_">University of Cambridge Deptartment of Engineering: Archaeological Desktop Assessment [2013]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This archaeological desk based assessment exams the impact of a proposed development within the Department of Engineering (TL 4500 5760). Examination of the archaeological, historical and archival sources reveal the PDA is located within... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40685743" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This archaeological desk based assessment exams the impact of a proposed development within the Department of Engineering (TL 4500 5760). Examination of the archaeological, historical and archival sources reveal the PDA is located within an historic landscape, but one that has sparse evidence for use and occupation prior to the Medieval period. Later use of the PDA indicates that this use was predominantly agricultural in nature prior to the construction of Scroope House in the late 18th – early 19th century and the subsequent acquisition of the site for the construction and development of the University’s Engineering department. Due to the building and use history of the area, it is considered that there is a low probability of encountering archaeology within the PDA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40685743" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7346531f2be95fe449ce743c5c5a257b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60968655,"asset_id":40685743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60968655/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186904" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://cambridge.academia.edu/MarcusBrittain">Marcus Brittain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186904" type="text/json">{"id":186904,"first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Brittain","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"MarcusBrittain","display_name":"Marcus Brittain","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://cambridge.academia.edu/MarcusBrittain?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/186904/45700/34939495/s65_marcus.brittain.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40685743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40685743"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40685743, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40685743", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40685743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40685743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40685743"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40685743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40685743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40685743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40685743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40685743").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40685743").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40685743"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40685743]'), work: {"id":40685743,"title":"University of Cambridge Deptartment of Engineering: Archaeological Desktop Assessment [2013]","created_at":"2019-10-21T02:11:21.184-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/40685743/University_of_Cambridge_Deptartment_of_Engineering_Archaeological_Desktop_Assessment_2013_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_40685743","summary":"This archaeological desk based assessment exams the impact of a proposed development within the Department of Engineering (TL 4500 5760). Examination of the archaeological, historical and archival sources reveal the PDA is located within an historic landscape, but one that has sparse evidence for use and occupation prior to the Medieval period. Later use of the PDA indicates that this use was predominantly agricultural in nature prior to the construction of Scroope House in the late 18th – early 19th century and the subsequent acquisition of the site for the construction and development of the University’s Engineering department. Due to the building and use history of the area, it is considered that there is a low probability of encountering archaeology within the PDA.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60968655,"asset_id":40685743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186904,"first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Brittain","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"MarcusBrittain","display_name":"Marcus Brittain","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://cambridge.academia.edu/MarcusBrittain?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/186904/45700/34939495/s65_marcus.brittain.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29911876" data-work_id="29911876" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/29911876/The_historical_evolution_of_engineering_degrees_Competing_stakeholders_contestation_over_ideas_and_coherence_across_national_borders">The historical evolution of engineering degrees: Competing stakeholders, contestation over ideas, and coherence across national borders.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent times have seen significant realignment of engineering degrees globally, most notably in the Washington Accord, a system of mutual recognition of accreditation across much of the Anglophone world and beyond, and the Bologna... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29911876" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent times have seen significant realignment of engineering degrees globally, most notably in the Washington Accord, a system of mutual recognition of accreditation across much of the Anglophone world and beyond, and the Bologna Process, impacting significantly on the form of engineering degrees in Europe.  This article, tracing the historical evolution of engineering degrees, argues that recent events can be seen to be part of an ongoing process of reworking the arrangements for formal engineering education, based on a longstanding contradiction between the different stakeholders that have an interest in curriculum: the state, engineering employers, and academics.  This is reflected in a contestation over what was historically termed the ‘shop culture’ of the employers versus the ‘school culture’ of the academy.  Furthermore, contemporary developments of mutual accreditation beyond national borders can be seen to have an earlier echo in the relative measure of global coherence that was achieved in the 1870s.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29911876" data-share-source="work_strip" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74067" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://vt.academia.edu/JenniCase">Jenni Case</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74067" type="text/json">{"id":74067,"first_name":"Jenni","last_name":"Case","domain_name":"vt","page_name":"JenniCase","display_name":"Jenni Case","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://vt.academia.edu/JenniCase?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/74067/20460/3828834/s65_jenni.case.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29911876 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29911876"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2023" type="text/json">{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171348" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education_Curriculum">Higher Education Curriculum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="171348" type="text/json">{"id":171348,"name":"Higher Education Curriculum","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education_Curriculum?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29911876]'), work: {"id":29911876,"title":"The historical evolution of engineering degrees: Competing stakeholders, contestation over ideas, and coherence across national borders.","created_at":"2016-11-17T04:39:50.937-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/29911876/The_historical_evolution_of_engineering_degrees_Competing_stakeholders_contestation_over_ideas_and_coherence_across_national_borders?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_29911876","summary":"Recent times have seen significant realignment of engineering degrees globally, most notably in the Washington Accord, a system of mutual recognition of accreditation across much of the Anglophone world and beyond, and the Bologna Process, impacting significantly on the form of engineering degrees in Europe. This article, tracing the historical evolution of engineering degrees, argues that recent events can be seen to be part of an ongoing process of reworking the arrangements for formal engineering education, based on a longstanding contradiction between the different stakeholders that have an interest in curriculum: the state, engineering employers, and academics. This is reflected in a contestation over what was historically termed the ‘shop culture’ of the employers versus the ‘school culture’ of the academy. Furthermore, contemporary developments of mutual accreditation beyond national borders can be seen to have an earlier echo in the relative measure of global coherence that was achieved in the 1870s.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50373168,"asset_id":29911876,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74067,"first_name":"Jenni","last_name":"Case","domain_name":"vt","page_name":"JenniCase","display_name":"Jenni Case","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://vt.academia.edu/JenniCase?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/74067/20460/3828834/s65_jenni.case.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":171348,"name":"Higher Education Curriculum","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education_Curriculum?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8691095" data-work_id="8691095" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/8691095/O_Selvafolta_Territory_Industry_and_Architecture_The_design_Culture_at_the_Politecnico_in_the_first_Decades_of_Activity_in_150_years_of_the_Polytechnic_Culture_from_Milan_to_Lecco_ed_by_A_Buratti_O_Selvafolta_Milan_2013">O. Selvafolta, Territory, Industry and Architecture. The design Culture at the Politecnico in the first Decades of Activity, in 150 years of the Polytechnic Culture from Milan to Lecco, ed. by A. Buratti, O. Selvafolta, Milan 2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8691095" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="882d0ff6446cf8e0828affb2bc625e8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35044741,"asset_id":8691095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35044741/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10249117" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta">Ornella Selvafolta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10249117" type="text/json">{"id":10249117,"first_name":"Ornella","last_name":"Selvafolta","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"OrnellaSelvafolta","display_name":"Ornella Selvafolta","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/OrnellaSelvafolta?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/10249117/116412483/105707122/s65_ornella.selvafolta.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8691095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8691095"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8691095, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8691095", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8691095]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8691095").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8691095").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8691095"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28508" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism_and_Nation-Building">History of Nationalism and Nation-Building</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28508" type="text/json">{"id":28508,"name":"History of Nationalism and Nation-Building","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism_and_Nation-Building?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1596051" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Milan_Politechnical_School">History of the Milan Politechnical School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1596051" type="text/json">{"id":1596051,"name":"History of the Milan Politechnical School","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Milan_Politechnical_School?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8691095]'), work: {"id":8691095,"title":"O. 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Identified successively as a crucial element in military strategy, national status and export aspirations, the research and development of atomic piles (nuclear... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1154899" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Atomic energy developed from 1940 as a subject shrouded in secrecy. Identified successively as a crucial element in military strategy, national status and export aspirations, the research and development of atomic piles (nuclear chain-reactors) were nurtured at isolated installations. Like monastic orders, new national laboratories managed their specialist workers in occupational environments that were simultaneously cosseted and constrained, defining regional variants of a new state-managed discipline: reactor technology. This paper discusses the significance of security in defining the new subject in the USA, UK and Canada – wartime allies with similar political traditions but distinct trajectories in this field during the Cold War. The intellectual borders and content of the subject developed differently in each country, shaped under the umbrella of secrecy by disparate clusters of expertise, industrial traditions, and national goals. The nascent cadre was contained until the mid 1950s by classified publications and state-sponsored specialist courses. The early context of high security filtered its members and capped enduringly both their professional aspirations and public engagement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1154899" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05306af7518d7d4311595f0d292800df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30448678,"asset_id":1154899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30448678/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1044433" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston">Sean F Johnston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1044433" type="text/json">{"id":1044433,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"SeanFJohnston","display_name":"Sean F Johnston","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1044433/359961/135294827/s65_sean.johnston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1154899 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1154899"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1154899, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1154899", }); 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Identified successively as a crucial element in military strategy, national status and export aspirations, the research and development of atomic piles (nuclear chain-reactors) were nurtured at isolated installations. Like monastic orders, new national laboratories managed their specialist workers in occupational environments that were simultaneously cosseted and constrained, defining regional variants of a new state-managed discipline: reactor technology. This paper discusses the significance of security in defining the new subject in the USA, UK and Canada – wartime allies with similar political traditions but distinct trajectories in this field during the Cold War. The intellectual borders and content of the subject developed differently in each country, shaped under the umbrella of secrecy by disparate clusters of expertise, industrial traditions, and national goals. The nascent cadre was contained until the mid 1950s by classified publications and state-sponsored specialist courses. 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Secrecy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Secrecy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":380821,"name":"Co-Production","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Co-Production?f_ri=25935"},{"id":624067,"name":"Classified Research","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classified_Research?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1107005,"name":"Political Secrecy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Secrecy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1230867,"name":"History of Secrecy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Secrecy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45087343" data-work_id="45087343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/45087343/Rapali_Vivien_A_tudom%C3%A1nyos_versenyben_meg%C3%A1ll%C3%A1s_nincs_Veritas_%C3%89vk%C3%B6nyv_2019_214_231">Rapali Vivien: "A tudományos versenyben megállás nincs" - Veritas Évkönyv, 2019, 214–231.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45087343" data-share-source="work_strip" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18251711" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://freeweb.academia.edu/VivienRapali">Vivien Rapali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18251711" type="text/json">{"id":18251711,"first_name":"Vivien","last_name":"Rapali","domain_name":"freeweb","page_name":"VivienRapali","display_name":"Vivien Rapali","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://freeweb.academia.edu/VivienRapali?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/18251711/5105174/20003665/s65_vivien.rapali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45087343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45087343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="335371" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering">History of Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="335371" type="text/json">{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45087343]'), work: {"id":45087343,"title":"Rapali Vivien: \"A tudományos versenyben megállás nincs\" - Veritas Évkönyv, 2019, 214–231.","created_at":"2021-02-09T10:57:49.399-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/45087343/Rapali_Vivien_A_tudom%C3%A1nyos_versenyben_meg%C3%A1ll%C3%A1s_nincs_Veritas_%C3%89vk%C3%B6nyv_2019_214_231?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_45087343","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65647860,"asset_id":45087343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18251711,"first_name":"Vivien","last_name":"Rapali","domain_name":"freeweb","page_name":"VivienRapali","display_name":"Vivien Rapali","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://freeweb.academia.edu/VivienRapali?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/18251711/5105174/20003665/s65_vivien.rapali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75845090" data-work_id="75845090" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/75845090/_Petite_Engineer_Likes_Math_Music_">“Petite Engineer Likes Math, Music”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Christina Roberts explores the perception that NASA performed poorly in hiring women during the long civil rights era, arguing that that argument is based on low recruitment numbers by comparison with many other federal agencies. Others... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75845090" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Christina Roberts explores the perception that NASA performed poorly in hiring women during the long civil rights era, arguing that that argument is based on low recruitment numbers by comparison with many other federal agencies. Others blame NASA’s poor recruitment efforts on an entrenched white male corporate culture that resisted hiring women and minorities into the early 1970s. While not denying NASA difficulties in the area, Roberts argues that what is missing from the historiography is a discussion of gender including NASA’s actual public outreach efforts for equal employment opportunity for women scientists and engineers. Roberts contends that during the late 1950s to mid-1960s NASA sought to transmit a message that women such as Nancy Grace Roman were welcome to apply and would attain professional science and engineering careers at NASA.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75845090" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9777569" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ucsb.academia.edu/ChristinaRoberts">Christina K Roberts</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9777569" type="text/json">{"id":9777569,"first_name":"Christina","last_name":"Roberts","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"ChristinaRoberts","display_name":"Christina K Roberts","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ucsb.academia.edu/ChristinaRoberts?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/9777569/3056244/20018433/s65_christina.roberts.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75845090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75845090"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75845090, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75845090", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75845090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75845090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75845090"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75845090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75845090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75845090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75845090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75845090").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75845090").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75845090"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7091" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Space_Travel">History of Space Travel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7091" type="text/json">{"id":7091,"name":"History of Space Travel","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Space_Travel?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95772" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Spaceflight">History of Spaceflight</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95772" type="text/json">{"id":95772,"name":"History of Spaceflight","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Spaceflight?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75845090]'), work: {"id":75845090,"title":"“Petite Engineer Likes Math, Music”","created_at":"2022-04-08T12:11:47.428-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/75845090/_Petite_Engineer_Likes_Math_Music_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_75845090","summary":"Christina Roberts explores the perception that NASA performed poorly in hiring women during the long civil rights era, arguing that that argument is based on low recruitment numbers by comparison with many other federal agencies. Others blame NASA’s poor recruitment efforts on an entrenched white male corporate culture that resisted hiring women and minorities into the early 1970s. While not denying NASA difficulties in the area, Roberts argues that what is missing from the historiography is a discussion of gender including NASA’s actual public outreach efforts for equal employment opportunity for women scientists and engineers. Roberts contends that during the late 1950s to mid-1960s NASA sought to transmit a message that women such as Nancy Grace Roman were welcome to apply and would attain professional science and engineering careers at NASA.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9777569,"first_name":"Christina","last_name":"Roberts","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"ChristinaRoberts","display_name":"Christina K Roberts","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ucsb.academia.edu/ChristinaRoberts?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/9777569/3056244/20018433/s65_christina.roberts.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":7091,"name":"History of Space Travel","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Space_Travel?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":95772,"name":"History of Spaceflight","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Spaceflight?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":107508,"name":"Space History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935"},{"id":406797,"name":"Nasa History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasa_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":637445,"name":"Aviation and Space History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation_and_Space_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2070004,"name":"History of Science Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_Education?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49255055" data-work_id="49255055" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49255055/Bringing_Werners_Teachings_to_the_New_World_Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_del_R%C3%ADo_and_the_Chair_of_Mineralogy_in_the_School_of_Mines_of_Mexico_1795_1805">Bringing Werner's Teachings to the New World: Andrés Manuel del Río and the Chair of Mineralogy in the School of Mines of Mexico (1795-1805</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Professor Andrés Manuel del Río (1764-1849) taught mineralogy from 1795 to 1846 in the School of Mines of Mexico City. This institution was the first mining engineering school of the New World and it followed closely the educational model... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49255055" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Professor Andrés Manuel del Río (1764-1849) taught mineralogy from 1795 to 1846 in the School of Mines of Mexico City. This institution was the first mining engineering school of the New World and it followed closely the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy, established in 1765 in Saxony. The geological sciences, in particular, were taught at the School of Mines using Abraham Gottlob Werner's (1749-1815) teaching method. This article analyzes the first ten years of Del Río's work by studying the three branches of mineralogy that he taught: orictognosy, geognosy, and the 'art of mining'. This analysis is based on the textbooks he wrote as well as other primary historical documents, many associated with students, that record the discoveries made by him from 1795 to 1805. This interval is considered to be the first golden period of his academic career during which he wrote textbooks and discovered vanadium.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49255055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a4bafb92c096380b7b6080dd50660d22" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67638823,"asset_id":49255055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67638823/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4420753" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla">Omar Escamilla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4420753" type="text/json">{"id":4420753,"first_name":"Omar","last_name":"Escamilla","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"OmarEscamilla","display_name":"Omar Escamilla","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4420753/3516462/4129167/s65_omar.escamilla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49255055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49255055"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49255055, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49255055", }); 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This institution was the first mining engineering school of the New World and it followed closely the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy, established in 1765 in Saxony. The geological sciences, in particular, were taught at the School of Mines using Abraham Gottlob Werner's (1749-1815) teaching method. This article analyzes the first ten years of Del Río's work by studying the three branches of mineralogy that he taught: orictognosy, geognosy, and the 'art of mining'. This analysis is based on the textbooks he wrote as well as other primary historical documents, many associated with students, that record the discoveries made by him from 1795 to 1805. This interval is considered to be the first golden period of his academic career during which he wrote textbooks and discovered vanadium.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67638823,"asset_id":49255055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4420753,"first_name":"Omar","last_name":"Escamilla","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"OmarEscamilla","display_name":"Omar Escamilla","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4420753/3516462/4129167/s65_omar.escamilla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":414,"name":"Mineralogy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineralogy?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":13310,"name":"History of Geology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":247363,"name":"History of earth sciences","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_earth_sciences?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2920434,"name":"Orictognosy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orictognosy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2920435,"name":"Geognosy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geognosy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3100658,"name":"Abraham Gottlob Werner","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3935039,"name":"Vandium","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vandium?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3998680,"name":"Andrés Manuel del Río","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_del_R%C3%ADo?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32994636" data-work_id="32994636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/32994636/%CE%97_%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82_19%CE%BF%CF%82_20%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_The_veins_of_the_earth_The_mines_of_Greece_nineteenth_twentieth_century_Athens_Vivliorama_2017_in_Greek_english_abstract_">Η φλέβα της γης. Τα μεταλλεία της Ελλάδας 19ος-20ός αιώνας [The veins of the earth: The mines of Greece, nineteenth-twentieth century] Athens, Vivliorama, 2017 [in Greek, english abstract]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the 19th century, mining had been a notable, export-oriented sector of the Greek economy. This historical study examines the extent and the way in which a mostly export-oriented economic activity integrated into a globalised economy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32994636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the 19th century, mining had been a notable, export-oriented sector of the Greek economy. This historical study examines the extent and the way in which a mostly export-oriented economic activity integrated into a globalised economy contributed to local economic development, influenced social relations and defined state policies. Central to this approach is the concept of labour division, allowing the study of social and economic differences in multiple levels: on one hand, it allows the Greek case to be considered within a system of hierarchical relations in the economy of globalization; on the other hand, it allows the systematic study of small-scale and medium-scale mining companies in Greece; finally, it allows a focus on labour division in the workplaces themselves, in the mines and in the families of miners in order to trace the relationships, the tensions and the dynamics developed therein.<br/>The book raises certain questions and attempts to answer them mapping out in broad terms the whole of the mining sector, recording and dating the events. Mining activity in Greece throughout the period of 1830-1960 is studied in relation to the role of the state, the activities of various companies, the place of Greece in the international division of labour, the gender shaping of labour markets and labour relations, technology, technical management and organisation of mining operations.<br/>Due to the wide geographical dispersion of the sector and the nature of our sources, no single mining company is examined in an exhaustive manner. Our study is structured on highlighting the notable features in every time period. Accordingly, different companies are examined at each time period, selected for their business activities that were correlated with the specific circumstances of the time. Thus, for example, while at the end of the 19th century high demand for iron ore by European steel factories fuelled the intensive exploitation and mining of the rich deposits on Seriphos island by the French company “Seriphos-Spiliazeza” S.A. and other smaller companies, in the course of World War I the lack of imported fuel led to a more intensive exploitation of Greek lignite reserves.<br/>The main archival sources that are used comprise of the archive of the Secretariat/Ministry of Economics during the Othonian period, the Miners’ Pension Fund, the Private Office of the Prime Minister (1917-1928), archives of various companies and engineering documentation, various archives in Greece (General State Archives, Historical Archive of the National Bank of Greece, the Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, the Technical Chamber of Greece etc.). Material from French archives was also used: the French Foreign Ministry (Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères) and the National Archives of France (Archives Nationales). The Archive of the Higher School of Mining in Paris (École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris) provided the opportunity to trace the profile of Greek students who later became mining engineers. Numerous published sources have been used as well: technical publications, economic studies, inventories, parliamentary debates etc., while personal memoirs and literary accounts have also proven useful. Data has been drawn systematically from the Statistical Tables (1909-1972) published annually by the Mining Inspectorate of the Ministry of National Economy (later Ministry of Industry), which provide statistics regarding the production-sale and trade of minerals, the number of workers and accidents at work. Documentation is supplemented with technical drawing and photographs.<br/>On the whole, this study at the crossroads of economic history, social history and the history of science and technology attempts to fill the gap in research about the history of mining-quarrying companies in Greece and to highlight the importance of mining activities for the Greek economy throughout a century shedding light on various aspects of it: the business activities, the political divisions, the technical management, the exploitation methods and the role of engineers, the organisation and the conditions of work.<br/>The study comprises of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the early interest of the Greek state in the exploitation of state mines, the “emery issue”, the institutional framework that allowed the functioning of mining companies, concerning concessions as well as issues of labour, workplace health and safety, and insurance plans for miners; in addition, the history of the state mining administration inspecting the operations of mining companies is also presented in detail. General trends and characteristics of the extractive industry from 1830 until 1940 are presented in the second chapter, in a broad outline of the quarrying-mining activities of private companies in Greece, with a description of their main qualities, clarification of details about concessions, proprietorship or lease; in addition, the transition from the “mining frenzy” of the 19th century to providing regular supplies to European industries is presented. Three representative minerals (lignite, magnesite, iron ores), exploited in the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century, are examined in detail. In parallel, the Greek mines are correlated with the global framework on the basis of exploitation methods.The third chapter explores the start of mining engineering studies in Europe and in Greece, with special emphasis on a famous mining school, the École des Mines in Paris, where several Greek engineers studied.  The professional career of mining engineers in Greece is also discussed as well as the formation of their field of profession, their role in industries and the adoption of a technical culture and the shaping of labour relations. Political engagement by some of those engineers, such as Phocion Negris or Petros Protopapadakis, highlights the public interventions of this professional and social group, dominated by men from its very inception In the fourth chapter it is stated that an economic concept used to analyse supply and demand of labour, the concept of the “labour market”, should become the subject matter of historical analysis so that economic and social changes in Greece during the last two centuries may be fully understood.The use of cheap labour from the agricultural sector may have been the single real advantage of mining companies, since they could easily increase or decrease personnel according to production needs, through family and ethno-local networks of rural populations. While during the first decades of the Greek state (1830-1870), because of exploitation needs in Greek mines, there were cases of attempted confinement and acculturation of marginalised groups through compulsory labour, they declined gradually as the first workers’ power structures formed in the cities. And gradually, from the 19th century until the mid-20th century, a specialised labour market for mining was formed on the basis of the professional specialisation of specific areas (Lavrio, Evia, Cyclades, Chalkidiki). The demographic surplus in these areas, combined with the cycles of mining, from time to time led to miners’ mobility and internal migration for new work. Thus, a local labour market was created, which was not in the least casual. Workers were not temporarily employed at the mines, but had a regular employment relationship with one or more mining companies. In parallel, an internal labour market also formed gradually, within the framework of large corporations. The fifth chapter describes the production process of extraction in mines and the organisation of labour on the basis of contractors and family connections. As indicated from the sources, labour was organised mainly through subcontractors, since companies aimed at flexibility in production, cutting down on direct employment. Labour was also organised through gender division and hierarchical power relations. The sixth chapter examines collective action and claims by miners in two high points: the Lavrio strike in 1896 and the Seriphos strike in 1916. Collective action by labourers in mines was fragmented, spontaneous and violent, to the extent of our knowledge. The dispersion of mining companies and geographical conditions obstructed communication between mine workers in various areas and the development of solidarity with other sections of the labour movement, thus weakening the impact of their actions, and also facilitating the violent suppression of strikes.<br/>Yet, already in the 19th century, mining was an eminently globalised economic activity with significant impact on the life and work of men and women, on local societies and the environment. Despite their small size, mining companies in Greece brought about a transformation of the agricultural and residential landscape and provided connections for local societies with the industrial world and the global markets, influencing in many ways the adoption of new social relations of production by rural populations. <br/>ISBN:978-960-9548-32-8</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32994636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25c505e0f2b23f19101a211e7f9f871f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53111150,"asset_id":32994636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53111150/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1689101" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uoi.academia.edu/LedaPapastefanaki">Leda Papastefanaki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1689101" type="text/json">{"id":1689101,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Papastefanaki","domain_name":"uoi","page_name":"LedaPapastefanaki","display_name":"Leda Papastefanaki","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uoi.academia.edu/LedaPapastefanaki?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1689101/583942/14496777/s65_leda.papastefanaki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32994636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32994636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32994636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32994636", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32994636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32994636").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32994636").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32994636"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology">History of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557" type="text/json">{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5176" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history">Labour history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5176" type="text/json">{"id":5176,"name":"Labour history","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13752" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History">Modern Greek History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13752" type="text/json">{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32994636]'), work: {"id":32994636,"title":"Η φλέβα της γης. Τα μεταλλεία της Ελλάδας 19ος-20ός αιώνας [The veins of the earth: The mines of Greece, nineteenth-twentieth century] Athens, Vivliorama, 2017 [in Greek, english abstract]","created_at":"2017-05-12T23:46:51.782-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/32994636/%CE%97_%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82_19%CE%BF%CF%82_20%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_The_veins_of_the_earth_The_mines_of_Greece_nineteenth_twentieth_century_Athens_Vivliorama_2017_in_Greek_english_abstract_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_32994636","summary":"Since the 19th century, mining had been a notable, export-oriented sector of the Greek economy. This historical study examines the extent and the way in which a mostly export-oriented economic activity integrated into a globalised economy contributed to local economic development, influenced social relations and defined state policies. Central to this approach is the concept of labour division, allowing the study of social and economic differences in multiple levels: on one hand, it allows the Greek case to be considered within a system of hierarchical relations in the economy of globalization; on the other hand, it allows the systematic study of small-scale and medium-scale mining companies in Greece; finally, it allows a focus on labour division in the workplaces themselves, in the mines and in the families of miners in order to trace the relationships, the tensions and the dynamics developed therein.\nThe book raises certain questions and attempts to answer them mapping out in broad terms the whole of the mining sector, recording and dating the events. Mining activity in Greece throughout the period of 1830-1960 is studied in relation to the role of the state, the activities of various companies, the place of Greece in the international division of labour, the gender shaping of labour markets and labour relations, technology, technical management and organisation of mining operations.\nDue to the wide geographical dispersion of the sector and the nature of our sources, no single mining company is examined in an exhaustive manner. Our study is structured on highlighting the notable features in every time period. Accordingly, different companies are examined at each time period, selected for their business activities that were correlated with the specific circumstances of the time. Thus, for example, while at the end of the 19th century high demand for iron ore by European steel factories fuelled the intensive exploitation and mining of the rich deposits on Seriphos island by the French company “Seriphos-Spiliazeza” S.A. and other smaller companies, in the course of World War I the lack of imported fuel led to a more intensive exploitation of Greek lignite reserves.\nThe main archival sources that are used comprise of the archive of the Secretariat/Ministry of Economics during the Othonian period, the Miners’ Pension Fund, the Private Office of the Prime Minister (1917-1928), archives of various companies and engineering documentation, various archives in Greece (General State Archives, Historical Archive of the National Bank of Greece, the Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, the Technical Chamber of Greece etc.). Material from French archives was also used: the French Foreign Ministry (Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères) and the National Archives of France (Archives Nationales). The Archive of the Higher School of Mining in Paris (École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris) provided the opportunity to trace the profile of Greek students who later became mining engineers. Numerous published sources have been used as well: technical publications, economic studies, inventories, parliamentary debates etc., while personal memoirs and literary accounts have also proven useful. Data has been drawn systematically from the Statistical Tables (1909-1972) published annually by the Mining Inspectorate of the Ministry of National Economy (later Ministry of Industry), which provide statistics regarding the production-sale and trade of minerals, the number of workers and accidents at work. Documentation is supplemented with technical drawing and photographs.\nOn the whole, this study at the crossroads of economic history, social history and the history of science and technology attempts to fill the gap in research about the history of mining-quarrying companies in Greece and to highlight the importance of mining activities for the Greek economy throughout a century shedding light on various aspects of it: the business activities, the political divisions, the technical management, the exploitation methods and the role of engineers, the organisation and the conditions of work.\nThe study comprises of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the early interest of the Greek state in the exploitation of state mines, the “emery issue”, the institutional framework that allowed the functioning of mining companies, concerning concessions as well as issues of labour, workplace health and safety, and insurance plans for miners; in addition, the history of the state mining administration inspecting the operations of mining companies is also presented in detail. General trends and characteristics of the extractive industry from 1830 until 1940 are presented in the second chapter, in a broad outline of the quarrying-mining activities of private companies in Greece, with a description of their main qualities, clarification of details about concessions, proprietorship or lease; in addition, the transition from the “mining frenzy” of the 19th century to providing regular supplies to European industries is presented. Three representative minerals (lignite, magnesite, iron ores), exploited in the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century, are examined in detail. In parallel, the Greek mines are correlated with the global framework on the basis of exploitation methods.The third chapter explores the start of mining engineering studies in Europe and in Greece, with special emphasis on a famous mining school, the École des Mines in Paris, where several Greek engineers studied. The professional career of mining engineers in Greece is also discussed as well as the formation of their field of profession, their role in industries and the adoption of a technical culture and the shaping of labour relations. Political engagement by some of those engineers, such as Phocion Negris or Petros Protopapadakis, highlights the public interventions of this professional and social group, dominated by men from its very inception In the fourth chapter it is stated that an economic concept used to analyse supply and demand of labour, the concept of the “labour market”, should become the subject matter of historical analysis so that economic and social changes in Greece during the last two centuries may be fully understood.The use of cheap labour from the agricultural sector may have been the single real advantage of mining companies, since they could easily increase or decrease personnel according to production needs, through family and ethno-local networks of rural populations. While during the first decades of the Greek state (1830-1870), because of exploitation needs in Greek mines, there were cases of attempted confinement and acculturation of marginalised groups through compulsory labour, they declined gradually as the first workers’ power structures formed in the cities. And gradually, from the 19th century until the mid-20th century, a specialised labour market for mining was formed on the basis of the professional specialisation of specific areas (Lavrio, Evia, Cyclades, Chalkidiki). The demographic surplus in these areas, combined with the cycles of mining, from time to time led to miners’ mobility and internal migration for new work. Thus, a local labour market was created, which was not in the least casual. Workers were not temporarily employed at the mines, but had a regular employment relationship with one or more mining companies. In parallel, an internal labour market also formed gradually, within the framework of large corporations. The fifth chapter describes the production process of extraction in mines and the organisation of labour on the basis of contractors and family connections. As indicated from the sources, labour was organised mainly through subcontractors, since companies aimed at flexibility in production, cutting down on direct employment. Labour was also organised through gender division and hierarchical power relations. The sixth chapter examines collective action and claims by miners in two high points: the Lavrio strike in 1896 and the Seriphos strike in 1916. Collective action by labourers in mines was fragmented, spontaneous and violent, to the extent of our knowledge. The dispersion of mining companies and geographical conditions obstructed communication between mine workers in various areas and the development of solidarity with other sections of the labour movement, thus weakening the impact of their actions, and also facilitating the violent suppression of strikes.\nYet, already in the 19th century, mining was an eminently globalised economic activity with significant impact on the life and work of men and women, on local societies and the environment. Despite their small size, mining companies in Greece brought about a transformation of the agricultural and residential landscape and provided connections for local societies with the industrial world and the global markets, influencing in many ways the adoption of new social relations of production by rural populations. \nISBN:978-960-9548-32-8","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53111150,"asset_id":32994636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1689101,"first_name":"Leda","last_name":"Papastefanaki","domain_name":"uoi","page_name":"LedaPapastefanaki","display_name":"Leda Papastefanaki","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uoi.academia.edu/LedaPapastefanaki?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1689101/583942/14496777/s65_leda.papastefanaki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":5176,"name":"Labour history","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":13752,"name":"Modern Greek History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Greek_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":15736,"name":"History of the Mediterranean","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=25935"},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":32674,"name":"Mining History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":38824,"name":"Modern European History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_European_History?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10462655 coauthored" data-work_id="10462655" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/10462655/Subs%C3%ADdios_para_uma_Hist%C3%B3ria_Social_da_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_da_forma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica_no_Brasil_Coppe_50_anos_de_fomento_%C3%A0_pesquisa">Subsídios para uma História Social da Ciência e da formação científica no Brasil Coppe - 50 anos de fomento à pesquisa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Esse trabalho é parte de pesquisa em desenvolvimento na Coordenação de História da Ciência, Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins – MAST/MCTI, intitulada Subsídios para uma história social da ciência e da formação científica no Brasil... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10462655" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Esse trabalho é parte de pesquisa em desenvolvimento na Coordenação de História da Ciência, Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins – MAST/MCTI, intitulada Subsídios para uma história social da ciência e da formação científica no Brasil (1951-2011). O objetivo precípuo deste projeto é constituir bases de dados que possibilitarão um conhecimento mais aprofundado da história social das Ciências no Brasil, a partir de um estudo prosopográfico do contingente de pesquisadores do Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra – COPPE que, entre os anos de 1963 e 1973, obtiveram algum tipo de apoio financeiro institucional, e implementaram um trabalho de pesquisa e divulgação científica no Brasil e no exterior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10462655" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55d87f3511cfdedf53c0f48529ca8141" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36493003,"asset_id":10462655,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36493003/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1147278" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/JeffersonAlves">Jefferson Alves</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1147278" type="text/json">{"id":1147278,"first_name":"Jefferson","last_name":"Alves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffersonAlves","display_name":"Jefferson Alves","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/JeffersonAlves?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1147278/404111/8412466/s65_jefferson.alves.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-10462655">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-10462655"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://mast.academia.edu/PatriciaBarreto">Patricia Barreto</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-10462655'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-10462655').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10462655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10462655"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10462655, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10462655", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10462655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10462655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10462655"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10462655 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10462655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10462655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10462655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10462655").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10462655").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10462655"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6761" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopography">Prosopography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6761" type="text/json">{"id":6761,"name":"Prosopography","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopography?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64546" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Ci%C3%AAncia">Historia da Ciência</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64546" type="text/json">{"id":64546,"name":"Historia da Ciência","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Ci%C3%AAncia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65317" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia">Engenharia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="65317" type="text/json">{"id":65317,"name":"Engenharia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10462655]'), work: {"id":10462655,"title":"Subsídios para uma História Social da Ciência e da formação científica no Brasil Coppe - 50 anos de fomento à pesquisa","created_at":"2015-02-02T13:24:35.620-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/10462655/Subs%C3%ADdios_para_uma_Hist%C3%B3ria_Social_da_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_da_forma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica_no_Brasil_Coppe_50_anos_de_fomento_%C3%A0_pesquisa?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_10462655","summary":"Esse trabalho é parte de pesquisa em desenvolvimento na Coordenação de História da Ciência, Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins – MAST/MCTI, intitulada Subsídios para uma história social da ciência e da formação científica no Brasil (1951-2011). O objetivo precípuo deste projeto é constituir bases de dados que possibilitarão um conhecimento mais aprofundado da história social das Ciências no Brasil, a partir de um estudo prosopográfico do contingente de pesquisadores do Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra – COPPE que, entre os anos de 1963 e 1973, obtiveram algum tipo de apoio financeiro institucional, e implementaram um trabalho de pesquisa e divulgação científica no Brasil e no exterior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36493003,"asset_id":10462655,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1147278,"first_name":"Jefferson","last_name":"Alves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffersonAlves","display_name":"Jefferson Alves","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/JeffersonAlves?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1147278/404111/8412466/s65_jefferson.alves.jpg"},{"id":25759870,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Barreto","domain_name":"mast","page_name":"PatriciaBarreto","display_name":"Patricia Barreto","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://mast.academia.edu/PatriciaBarreto?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/25759870/7053710/8600972/s65_patricia.barreto.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6761,"name":"Prosopography","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopography?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":64546,"name":"Historia da Ciência","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Ci%C3%AAncia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":65317,"name":"Engenharia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":210023,"name":"Banco de Dados","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banco_de_Dados?f_ri=25935"},{"id":268157,"name":"Pos Graduação","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pos_Gradua%C3%A7%C3%A3o?f_ri=25935"},{"id":590479,"name":"História Da Engenharia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Da_Engenharia?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38998722" data-work_id="38998722" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/38998722/THE_MAKING_OF_THE_TITULAR_NATION_ENGINEERS_IN_SOVIET_LITHUANIA_AND_LATVIA_FROM_THE_END_OF_THE_1940S_TO_THE_MID_1950S_1">THE MAKING OF THE TITULAR NATION ENGINEERS IN SOVIET LITHUANIA AND LATVIA (FROM THE END OF THE 1940S TO THE MID-1950S) 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The goals of this article are: 1) to examine the factors that formed the group of Lithuanian engineers compared with the case of Soviet Latvia, and to show what reasons determined the interests of the related historical geopolitical,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38998722" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The goals of this article are: 1) to examine the factors that formed the group of Lithuanian engineers compared with the case of Soviet Latvia, and to show what reasons determined the interests of the related historical geopolitical, republic government and institutions of higher education; and 2) to show the significance of training 'excess' Lithuanian engineers in the Soviet Lithuanian government's policy of korenizatsiya (the promotion of members of the titular nation for their careers). The article states that the system that formed in Soviet Lithuania due to the historical geopolitical circumstances, albeit briefly, whereby two universities, in Vilnius and Kaunas, existed until 1950, was exceptionally favourable for the korenizatsiya of specialists compared to other Soviet republics, and the education of titular nation engineers. The 'excess' contingent of engineers trained in the republic's institutions of higher education formed the basis of Lithuanian specialists that allowed the leaders of Soviet Lithuania to send Russian-speaking cadres away from the republic and ensure the ko-renizatsiya of national cadres.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38998722" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88156a50f2fabc5eadd3c8555d346201" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59106037,"asset_id":38998722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59106037/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1726664" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://istorija.academia.edu/SauliusGrybkauskas">Saulius Grybkauskas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1726664" type="text/json">{"id":1726664,"first_name":"Saulius","last_name":"Grybkauskas","domain_name":"istorija","page_name":"SauliusGrybkauskas","display_name":"Saulius Grybkauskas","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://istorija.academia.edu/SauliusGrybkauskas?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1726664/2718212/3165434/s65_saulius.grybkauskas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38998722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38998722"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38998722, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38998722", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38998722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38998722; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38998722"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38998722 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38998722"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38998722; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38998722]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38998722").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38998722").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38998722"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1567" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_History">Soviet History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1567" type="text/json">{"id":1567,"name":"Soviet History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10422" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity">National Identity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10422" type="text/json">{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38998722]'), work: {"id":38998722,"title":"THE MAKING OF THE TITULAR NATION ENGINEERS IN SOVIET LITHUANIA AND LATVIA (FROM THE END OF THE 1940S TO THE MID-1950S) 1","created_at":"2019-05-01T23:26:10.074-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/38998722/THE_MAKING_OF_THE_TITULAR_NATION_ENGINEERS_IN_SOVIET_LITHUANIA_AND_LATVIA_FROM_THE_END_OF_THE_1940S_TO_THE_MID_1950S_1?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_38998722","summary":"The goals of this article are: 1) to examine the factors that formed the group of Lithuanian engineers compared with the case of Soviet Latvia, and to show what reasons determined the interests of the related historical geopolitical, republic government and institutions of higher education; and 2) to show the significance of training 'excess' Lithuanian engineers in the Soviet Lithuanian government's policy of korenizatsiya (the promotion of members of the titular nation for their careers). The article states that the system that formed in Soviet Lithuania due to the historical geopolitical circumstances, albeit briefly, whereby two universities, in Vilnius and Kaunas, existed until 1950, was exceptionally favourable for the korenizatsiya of specialists compared to other Soviet republics, and the education of titular nation engineers. The 'excess' contingent of engineers trained in the republic's institutions of higher education formed the basis of Lithuanian specialists that allowed the leaders of Soviet Lithuania to send Russian-speaking cadres away from the republic and ensure the ko-renizatsiya of national cadres.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59106037,"asset_id":38998722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1726664,"first_name":"Saulius","last_name":"Grybkauskas","domain_name":"istorija","page_name":"SauliusGrybkauskas","display_name":"Saulius Grybkauskas","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://istorija.academia.edu/SauliusGrybkauskas?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1726664/2718212/3165434/s65_saulius.grybkauskas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":1567,"name":"Soviet History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1982769 coauthored" data-work_id="1982769" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1982769/Engineering_and_War_with_Dean_Nieusma_">Engineering and War (with Dean Nieusma)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper shows how the connections between engineering and warfare/militarism are closer than is usually recognized. It investigates the nature of that relationship using theoretical perspectives from critical theory and social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1982769" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper shows how the connections between engineering and warfare/militarism are closer than is usually recognized. It investigates the nature of that relationship using theoretical perspectives from critical theory and social constructionism. We draw on historical research into the influence of military institutions and interests on the field of engineering, but also look broadly at cultures of warfare that extend beyond formalized military institutions. Focusing on engineering labor and engineering epistemologies, we suggest that engineering today can be understood as a “war-built” discipline—even when practiced apart from military institutions and projects. We put forward “social justice” as an idealized alternative foundation for engineering. In addition to serving as a corrective to the inordinate influence of militarism on engineering, a social-justice-based approach could also sensitize engineers and others to the pervasive role of social context in shaping both what engineers do and how that is understood to serve broad public interests.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1982769" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a54dd0edba3ba4df651c915130857e2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28697256,"asset_id":1982769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28697256/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2552753" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uwa.academia.edu/EthanBlue">Ethan Blue</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2552753" type="text/json">{"id":2552753,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Blue","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"EthanBlue","display_name":"Ethan Blue","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uwa.academia.edu/EthanBlue?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/2552753/796228/48906490/s65_ethan.blue.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1982769">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1982769"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://mines.academia.edu/DeanNieusma">Dean Nieusma</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1982769'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1982769').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1982769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1982769"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1982769, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1982769", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1982769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1982769; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1982769"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1982769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1982769"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1982769; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1982769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1982769").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1982769").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1982769"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4252" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks">Computer Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4252" type="text/json">{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19609" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Military_Technology">History of Military Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19609" type="text/json">{"id":19609,"name":"History of Military Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Military_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1982769]'), work: {"id":1982769,"title":"Engineering and War (with Dean Nieusma)","created_at":"2012-09-30T13:21:44.087-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1982769/Engineering_and_War_with_Dean_Nieusma_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_1982769","summary":"This paper shows how the connections between engineering and warfare/militarism are closer than is usually recognized. It investigates the nature of that relationship using theoretical perspectives from critical theory and social constructionism. We draw on historical research into the influence of military institutions and interests on the field of engineering, but also look broadly at cultures of warfare that extend beyond formalized military institutions. Focusing on engineering labor and engineering epistemologies, we suggest that engineering today can be understood as a “war-built” discipline—even when practiced apart from military institutions and projects. We put forward “social justice” as an idealized alternative foundation for engineering. In addition to serving as a corrective to the inordinate influence of militarism on engineering, a social-justice-based approach could also sensitize engineers and others to the pervasive role of social context in shaping both what engineers do and how that is understood to serve broad public interests.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":28697256,"asset_id":1982769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2552753,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Blue","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"EthanBlue","display_name":"Ethan Blue","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uwa.academia.edu/EthanBlue?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/2552753/796228/48906490/s65_ethan.blue.jpg"},{"id":32070062,"first_name":"Dean","last_name":"Nieusma","domain_name":"mines","page_name":"DeanNieusma","display_name":"Dean Nieusma","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://mines.academia.edu/DeanNieusma?f_ri=25935","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":19609,"name":"History of Military Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Military_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":27360,"name":"Databases","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Databases?f_ri=25935"},{"id":32446,"name":"History of War","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_War?f_ri=25935"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=25935"},{"id":608944,"name":"co-authored with Dean Nieusma","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/co-authored_with_Dean_Nieusma?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49123330" data-work_id="49123330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49123330/_The_Future_Belongs_to_Engineers_The_Production_of_Engineers_in_Romania_1881_1939">"The Future Belongs to Engineers"? The "Production" of Engineers in Romania, 1881 -1939</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study aims to trace the numerical evolution of the engineering profession until 1939 focusing on the social and economic dimension. In this sense, my approach relies on the theory of professionalisation, the basic premise being that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49123330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study aims to trace the numerical evolution of the engineering profession until 1939 focusing on the social and economic dimension. In this sense, my approach relies on the theory of professionalisation, the basic premise being that the profession is a constructed social identity and a social mobility elevator created by the state. According to this theory, the development of a specific educational training system is an essential prerequisite in this process. The study also discusses the main traits of polytechnic education in Romania, with a special focus on the Polytechnic School in Bucharest. Finally, the study analyzes the situation of the engineers' body in Romania during 1938, using data extracted from the Asociația Generală a Inginerilor fron România [The General Association of Engineers in Romania] (AGIR) yearbook, with the aim of highlighting the contribution of polytechnic schools in Romania to the numerical development of the engineering profession. The preliminary conclusion of this study is that engineers prepared the ground for the development of a new approach to economics, society, and politics that contributed to the increasing role played by the state in the late 1930s.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49123330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c49dc064e2b073299f1ca7d9862121d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67514776,"asset_id":49123330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67514776/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12689739" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uadcluj.academia.edu/Drago%C8%99Sdrobi%C8%99">Dragoș Sdrobiș</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12689739" type="text/json">{"id":12689739,"first_name":"Dragoș","last_name":"Sdrobiș","domain_name":"uadcluj","page_name":"DragoșSdrobiș","display_name":"Dragoș Sdrobiș","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uadcluj.academia.edu/Drago%C8%99Sdrobi%C8%99?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/12689739/3612817/18090509/s65_dragos.sdrobis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49123330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49123330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49123330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49123330", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49123330]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49123330").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49123330").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49123330"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2021" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_History">Romanian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2021" type="text/json">{"id":2021,"name":"Romanian History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12775" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Professions">History of Professions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12775" type="text/json">{"id":12775,"name":"History of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Professions?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15588" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History">Social History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15588" type="text/json">{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49123330]'), work: {"id":49123330,"title":"\"The Future Belongs to Engineers\"? The \"Production\" of Engineers in Romania, 1881 -1939","created_at":"2021-06-04T04:58:09.248-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49123330/_The_Future_Belongs_to_Engineers_The_Production_of_Engineers_in_Romania_1881_1939?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_49123330","summary":"The study aims to trace the numerical evolution of the engineering profession until 1939 focusing on the social and economic dimension. In this sense, my approach relies on the theory of professionalisation, the basic premise being that the profession is a constructed social identity and a social mobility elevator created by the state. According to this theory, the development of a specific educational training system is an essential prerequisite in this process. The study also discusses the main traits of polytechnic education in Romania, with a special focus on the Polytechnic School in Bucharest. Finally, the study analyzes the situation of the engineers' body in Romania during 1938, using data extracted from the Asociația Generală a Inginerilor fron România [The General Association of Engineers in Romania] (AGIR) yearbook, with the aim of highlighting the contribution of polytechnic schools in Romania to the numerical development of the engineering profession. The preliminary conclusion of this study is that engineers prepared the ground for the development of a new approach to economics, society, and politics that contributed to the increasing role played by the state in the late 1930s.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67514776,"asset_id":49123330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12689739,"first_name":"Dragoș","last_name":"Sdrobiș","domain_name":"uadcluj","page_name":"DragoșSdrobiș","display_name":"Dragoș Sdrobiș","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uadcluj.academia.edu/Drago%C8%99Sdrobi%C8%99?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/12689739/3612817/18090509/s65_dragos.sdrobis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2021,"name":"Romanian History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":12775,"name":"History of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Professions?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":1299860,"name":"Romanian Interwar History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_Interwar_History?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36061853" data-work_id="36061853" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/36061853/Scientific_instruments_booksellers_and_engineers_in_Imperial_Brazil_building_bridges_and_roads_in_Minas_Gerais_1835_1889">Scientific instruments, booksellers and engineers in Imperial Brazil: building bridges and roads in Minas Gerais, 1835-1889</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36061853" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8e5702d39d3a1d877c29acc38b3666e" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23381" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments">History of scientific instruments</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23381" type="text/json">{"id":23381,"name":"History of scientific instruments","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_scientific_instruments?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36061853]'), work: {"id":36061853,"title":"Scientific instruments, booksellers and engineers in Imperial Brazil: building bridges and roads in Minas Gerais, 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work_22809602" data-work_id="22809602" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/22809602/Luigi_Giura_all%C3%89cole_des_ponts_et_chauss%C3%A9es_1826_Il_dialogo_scientifico_tra_Italia_ed_Europa_nei_secoli_XVI_XIX_Pisa_11_12_dicembre_2012">Luigi Giura all'École des ponts et chaussées (1826), Il dialogo scientifico tra Italia ed Europa nei secoli XVI-XIX, Pisa, 11-12 dicembre 2012</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Il viaggio di Luigi Giura e di alcuni suoi allievi ingegneri in Francia si presenta come uno dei tentativi attraverso i quali i Borbone provavano a dare un nuovo impulso alle scienze ma anche alla vita economica, sociale e politica del... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22809602" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Il viaggio di Luigi Giura e di alcuni suoi allievi ingegneri in Francia si presenta come uno dei tentativi attraverso i quali i Borbone provavano a dare un nuovo impulso alle scienze ma anche alla vita economica, sociale e politica del Regno di Napoli. Quella francese fu un’esperienza che li rese protagonisti della stagione tecnico-scientifica napoletana della seconda metà dell’Ottocento. <br/>Il contributo proposto vuole sottolineare l’incidenza dei viaggi nel percorso volto a completare e perfezionare la preparazione e la formazione degli ingegneri napoletani. Viene, inoltre, presa in considerazione l’importanza dei contatti con l’École des Ponts e Chaussées e con gli ingegneri transalpini. E, guardando al Regno di Napoli, si vuole mettere in luce l’entità e la forza di spinte modernizzatrici in un contesto spesso fortemente conservatore per acquisire maggiori elementi di conoscenza e per comprendere meglio gli intenti in base ai quali il governo borbonico e le élites dirigenti del Regno promuovevano o assecondavano i viaggi.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22809602" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b330c099e3b7aee18914ba906f0e6fbd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54575129,"asset_id":22809602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54575129/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44439881" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://landaverde.academia.edu/FabioDAngelo">Fabio D'Angelo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44439881" type="text/json">{"id":44439881,"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"D'Angelo","domain_name":"landaverde","page_name":"FabioDAngelo","display_name":"Fabio D'Angelo","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://landaverde.academia.edu/FabioDAngelo?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/44439881/11831182/21175682/s65_fabio.d_angelo.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22809602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22809602"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22809602, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22809602", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22809602]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22809602").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22809602").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22809602"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102672" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Kingdom_of_Naples">The Kingdom of Naples</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="102672" type="text/json">{"id":102672,"name":"The Kingdom of Naples","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Kingdom_of_Naples?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="325317" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_moderna">Storia moderna</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="325317" type="text/json">{"id":325317,"name":"Storia moderna","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_moderna?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="424185" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Contemporanea">Storia Contemporanea</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="424185" type="text/json">{"id":424185,"name":"Storia Contemporanea","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Contemporanea?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22809602]'), work: {"id":22809602,"title":"Luigi Giura all'École des ponts et chaussées (1826), Il dialogo scientifico tra Italia ed Europa nei secoli XVI-XIX, Pisa, 11-12 dicembre 2012","created_at":"2016-03-04T09:04:52.507-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/22809602/Luigi_Giura_all%C3%89cole_des_ponts_et_chauss%C3%A9es_1826_Il_dialogo_scientifico_tra_Italia_ed_Europa_nei_secoli_XVI_XIX_Pisa_11_12_dicembre_2012?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_22809602","summary":"Il viaggio di Luigi Giura e di alcuni suoi allievi ingegneri in Francia si presenta come uno dei tentativi attraverso i quali i Borbone provavano a dare un nuovo impulso alle scienze ma anche alla vita economica, sociale e politica del Regno di Napoli. Quella francese fu un’esperienza che li rese protagonisti della stagione tecnico-scientifica napoletana della seconda metà dell’Ottocento. \nIl contributo proposto vuole sottolineare l’incidenza dei viaggi nel percorso volto a completare e perfezionare la preparazione e la formazione degli ingegneri napoletani. Viene, inoltre, presa in considerazione l’importanza dei contatti con l’École des Ponts e Chaussées e con gli ingegneri transalpini. E, guardando al Regno di Napoli, si vuole mettere in luce l’entità e la forza di spinte modernizzatrici in un contesto spesso fortemente conservatore per acquisire maggiori elementi di conoscenza e per comprendere meglio gli intenti in base ai quali il governo borbonico e le élites dirigenti del Regno promuovevano o assecondavano i viaggi. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54575129,"asset_id":22809602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44439881,"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"D'Angelo","domain_name":"landaverde","page_name":"FabioDAngelo","display_name":"Fabio D'Angelo","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://landaverde.academia.edu/FabioDAngelo?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/44439881/11831182/21175682/s65_fabio.d_angelo.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":102672,"name":"The Kingdom of Naples","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Kingdom_of_Naples?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":325317,"name":"Storia moderna","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_moderna?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":424185,"name":"Storia Contemporanea","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Contemporanea?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":548884,"name":"Storia del Regno di Napoli","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_del_Regno_di_Napoli?f_ri=25935"},{"id":710446,"name":"Storia Della Scienza","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Della_Scienza?f_ri=25935"},{"id":828110,"name":"Ponts et Chaussées","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ponts_et_Chaussees?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1293123,"name":"Storia Del Mezzogiorno","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Del_Mezzogiorno?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12488000" data-work_id="12488000" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/12488000/Geopolitics_and_Prussian_Technical_Education_in_the_Late_Eighteenth_Century">Geopolitics & Prussian Technical Education in the Late-Eighteenth Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Technical instruction in eighteenth-century Prussia—both military and civilian—faltered for most of the century. In the military, promising technical achievements, such as Leonhard Euler’s application of the calculus to Benjamin Robins’... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12488000" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Technical instruction in eighteenth-century Prussia—both military and civilian—faltered for most of the century. In the military, promising technical achievements, such as Leonhard Euler’s application of the calculus to Benjamin Robins’ ballistics, were accompanied by weak institutional settings for training military engineers, with the result that much of the best military technical training continued to take place by apprenticeship. Civilian technical instruction fared better thanks to the expansion of Prussia. Obtaining control over Prussia’s territorial acquisitions in many respects demanded greater technical expertise than the wars that yielded them. This essay argues <br/>for the importance of Prussian territorial expansion from 1742, when Prussia acquired Silesia, to the three Polish partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795, in shaping Prussian technical instruction in civil engineering. Specifically, the geography of the North European Plain—with its marshes and bogs, lakes and lagoons, and numerous waterways—presented formidable challenges, especially in hydraulic engineering. Field experiences in that region were decisive in shaping Prussian civil engineering practices that, at the end of the century, became the foundation of technical instruction at the Bauakademie, Prussia’s technical school for civil engineering and architecture, established <br/>in 1799. The Bauakademie was the earliest predecessor of the Technische Hochschule in Berlin (1879).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12488000" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f03f74d4410bf524807b1c59195e17d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37689262,"asset_id":12488000,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37689262/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31338209" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://georgetown.academia.edu/KathrynOlesko">Kathryn Olesko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31338209" type="text/json">{"id":31338209,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Olesko","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"KathrynOlesko","display_name":"Kathryn Olesko","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://georgetown.academia.edu/KathrynOlesko?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://gravatar.com/avatar/b51a828283b7c2622d9fed05dd7fe9d2?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12488000 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12488000"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12488000, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12488000", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12488000]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12488000").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12488000").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12488000"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3557" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology">History of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3557" type="text/json">{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26654" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Prussia">History of Prussia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26654" type="text/json">{"id":26654,"name":"History of Prussia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Prussia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="780293" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technical_Education">History of Technical Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="780293" type="text/json">{"id":780293,"name":"History of Technical Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technical_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12488000]'), work: {"id":12488000,"title":"Geopolitics \u0026 Prussian Technical Education in the Late-Eighteenth Century","created_at":"2015-05-20T07:43:50.385-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/12488000/Geopolitics_and_Prussian_Technical_Education_in_the_Late_Eighteenth_Century?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_12488000","summary":"Technical instruction in eighteenth-century Prussia—both military and civilian—faltered for most of the century. In the military, promising technical achievements, such as Leonhard Euler’s application of the calculus to Benjamin Robins’ ballistics, were accompanied by weak institutional settings for training military engineers, with the result that much of the best military technical training continued to take place by apprenticeship. Civilian technical instruction fared better thanks to the expansion of Prussia. Obtaining control over Prussia’s territorial acquisitions in many respects demanded greater technical expertise than the wars that yielded them. This essay argues\r\nfor the importance of Prussian territorial expansion from 1742, when Prussia acquired Silesia, to the three Polish partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795, in shaping Prussian technical instruction in civil engineering. Specifically, the geography of the North European Plain—with its marshes and bogs, lakes and lagoons, and numerous waterways—presented formidable challenges, especially in hydraulic engineering. Field experiences in that region were decisive in shaping Prussian civil engineering practices that, at the end of the century, became the foundation of technical instruction at the Bauakademie, Prussia’s technical school for civil engineering and architecture, established\r\nin 1799. The Bauakademie was the earliest predecessor of the Technische Hochschule in Berlin (1879). ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37689262,"asset_id":12488000,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31338209,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Olesko","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"KathrynOlesko","display_name":"Kathryn Olesko","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://georgetown.academia.edu/KathrynOlesko?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://gravatar.com/avatar/b51a828283b7c2622d9fed05dd7fe9d2?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":26654,"name":"History of Prussia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Prussia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":780293,"name":"History of Technical Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technical_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3686298" data-work_id="3686298" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/3686298/Pier_Luigi_Nervi_negli_Stati_Uniti_1952_1979_Master_Builder_of_the_Modern_Age">Pier Luigi Nervi negli Stati Uniti. 1952-1979. Master Builder of the Modern Age. </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3686298" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b772c804abfd4fea4a842efa15ec3500" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31373756,"asset_id":3686298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31373756/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="897651" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/AlbertoBologna">Alberto Bologna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="897651" type="text/json">{"id":897651,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Bologna","domain_name":"wwwuniroma1","page_name":"AlbertoBologna","display_name":"Alberto Bologna","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/AlbertoBologna?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/897651/329650/390977/s65_alberto.bologna.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3686298 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3686298"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3686298, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3686298", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3686298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3686298").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3686298").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3686298"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45408" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture">History of architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45408" type="text/json">{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3686298]'), work: {"id":3686298,"title":"Pier Luigi Nervi negli Stati Uniti. 1952-1979. Master Builder of the Modern Age. ","created_at":"2013-06-10T20:56:43.385-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/3686298/Pier_Luigi_Nervi_negli_Stati_Uniti_1952_1979_Master_Builder_of_the_Modern_Age?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_3686298","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31373756,"asset_id":3686298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":897651,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Bologna","domain_name":"wwwuniroma1","page_name":"AlbertoBologna","display_name":"Alberto Bologna","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/AlbertoBologna?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/897651/329650/390977/s65_alberto.bologna.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1154894" data-work_id="1154894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1154894/Creating_a_Canadian_profession_the_nuclear_engineer_c_1940_1968">Creating a Canadian profession: the nuclear engineer, c. 1940-1968</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Canada, as one of the three Allied nations collaborating on atomic energy development during the Second World War, had an early start in applying its new knowledge and defining a new profession. Owing to postwar secrecy and distinct... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1154894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Canada, as one of the three Allied nations collaborating on atomic energy development during the Second World War, had an early start in applying its new knowledge and defining a new profession. Owing to postwar secrecy and distinct national aims for the field, nuclear engineering was shaped uniquely by the Canadian context. Alone among the postwar powers, Canadian exploration of atomic energy eschewed military applications; the occupation emerged within a governmental monopoly; the intellectual content of the discipline was influenced by its early practitioners, administrators, scarce resources, and university niches; and a self-recognized profession coalesced later than did its American and British counterparts. This paper argues that the history of the emergence of Canadian nuclear engineers exemplifies unusually strong shaping of technical expertise by political and cultural context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1154894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e5fae56999d2cf15f96b81ae7b24386" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7094095,"asset_id":1154894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7094095/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1044433" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston">Sean F Johnston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1044433" type="text/json">{"id":1044433,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"SeanFJohnston","display_name":"Sean F Johnston","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1044433/359961/135294827/s65_sean.johnston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1154894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1154894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1154894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1154894", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1154894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1154894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1154894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1154894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering">Nuclear Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80" type="text/json">{"id":80,"name":"Nuclear Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1154894]'), work: {"id":1154894,"title":"Creating a Canadian profession: the nuclear engineer, c. 1940-1968","created_at":"2011-12-13T17:33:42.834-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1154894/Creating_a_Canadian_profession_the_nuclear_engineer_c_1940_1968?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_1154894","summary":"Canada, as one of the three Allied nations collaborating on atomic energy development during the Second World War, had an early start in applying its new knowledge and defining a new profession. Owing to postwar secrecy and distinct national aims for the field, nuclear engineering was shaped uniquely by the Canadian context. Alone among the postwar powers, Canadian exploration of atomic energy eschewed military applications; the occupation emerged within a governmental monopoly; the intellectual content of the discipline was influenced by its early practitioners, administrators, scarce resources, and university niches; and a self-recognized profession coalesced later than did its American and British counterparts. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/69499497/El_Instituto_de_Ingenieros_y_la_ense%C3%B1anza_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_en_la_reforma_del_plan_de_estudio_de_la_Escuela_de_Ingenier%C3%ADa_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile_1917_1922_">El Instituto de Ingenieros y la enseñanza de la física en la reforma del plan de estudio de la Escuela de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Chile (1917-1922)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">publicando diversos artículos sobre esta temática en su revista institucional. Una de estas instancias fue la reforma al plan de estudios entre los años 1917 a 1922, en el que los miembros del Instituto de Ingenieros abogaron por una... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69499497" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">publicando diversos artículos sobre esta temática en su revista institucional. Una de estas instancias fue la reforma al plan de estudios entre los años 1917 a 1922, en el que los miembros del Instituto de Ingenieros abogaron por una orientación ligada a la industria y los procesos productivos. Para lo cual, promovieron la física como uno de los saberes que les entregaría a los estudiantes de ingeniería las habilidades básicas para que pudieran desempeñarse laboralmente en el sector fabril, debido a que esta ciencia permitía aplicar lo teórico a la práctica mediante los trabajos en laboratorio.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69499497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4a75a4e84e884faf8b797cd22c3329d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79573751,"asset_id":69499497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79573751/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22978598" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uc-cl.academia.edu/PatricioLeytonAlvarado">Patricio Leyton Alvarado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22978598" type="text/json">{"id":22978598,"first_name":"Patricio","last_name":"Leyton Alvarado","domain_name":"uc-cl","page_name":"PatricioLeytonAlvarado","display_name":"Patricio Leyton Alvarado","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uc-cl.academia.edu/PatricioLeytonAlvarado?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/22978598/6235125/7062462/s65_patricio.leyton_alvarado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69499497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69499497"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69499497, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69499497", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69499497]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69499497").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69499497").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69499497"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2196" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education">History of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2196" type="text/json">{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12553" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Physics">History of Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12553" type="text/json">{"id":12553,"name":"History of Physics","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Physics?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69499497]'), work: {"id":69499497,"title":"El Instituto de Ingenieros y la enseñanza de la física en la reforma del plan de estudio de la Escuela de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Chile (1917-1922)","created_at":"2022-01-26T09:43:18.121-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/69499497/El_Instituto_de_Ingenieros_y_la_ense%C3%B1anza_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_en_la_reforma_del_plan_de_estudio_de_la_Escuela_de_Ingenier%C3%ADa_de_la_Universidad_de_Chile_1917_1922_?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_69499497","summary":"publicando diversos artículos sobre esta temática en su revista institucional. Una de estas instancias fue la reforma al plan de estudios entre los años 1917 a 1922, en el que los miembros del Instituto de Ingenieros abogaron por una orientación ligada a la industria y los procesos productivos. Para lo cual, promovieron la física como uno de los saberes que les entregaría a los estudiantes de ingeniería las habilidades básicas para que pudieran desempeñarse laboralmente en el sector fabril, debido a que esta ciencia permitía aplicar lo teórico a la práctica mediante los trabajos en laboratorio.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79573751,"asset_id":69499497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22978598,"first_name":"Patricio","last_name":"Leyton Alvarado","domain_name":"uc-cl","page_name":"PatricioLeytonAlvarado","display_name":"Patricio Leyton Alvarado","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uc-cl.academia.edu/PatricioLeytonAlvarado?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/22978598/6235125/7062462/s65_patricio.leyton_alvarado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":12553,"name":"History of Physics","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Physics?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49109739" data-work_id="49109739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49109739/_Milano_e_il_Politecnico_1863_1913_Le_voci_dei_protagonisti_a_cura_di_Ludovica_Cappelletti_Architectural_Design_and_History_Franco_Angeli_Milano_2020">"Milano e il Politecnico 1863-1913. Le voci dei protagonisti", a cura di Ludovica Cappelletti, Architectural Design and History, Franco Angeli, Milano 2020.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Il Politecnico di Milano, fondato nel 1863 come Istituto Tecnico Superiore, è la prima scuola di specializzazione per ingegneri e architetti in Italia. L’antologia di testi proposta in questo volume, presenta le testimonianze e i... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49109739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Il Politecnico di Milano, fondato nel 1863 come Istituto Tecnico Superiore, è la prima scuola di specializzazione per ingegneri e architetti in Italia.<br/>L’antologia di testi proposta in questo volume, presenta le testimonianze e i contributi scientifici di docenti e allievi del Politecnico di Milano, che attraverso la propria ricerca e opera di divulgazione hanno messo a fuoco il rapporto tra scienza e arte, tecnica e cultura, tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi del Novecento. Il volume contiene gli scritti del fondatore Francesco Brioschi (1824-1897), di Giuseppe Colombo (1836-1921) e Camillo Boito (1836-1914), Ignazio Porro (1801-1875) ed Enrico Forlanini (1848-1930), introdotti da un saggio che esamina il ruolo del Politecnico di Milano in Italia e in Europa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49109739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3db16be204be58e6ae9312a8e774f56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67504008,"asset_id":49109739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67504008/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48330103" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/LudovicaCappelletti">Ludovica Cappelletti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48330103" type="text/json">{"id":48330103,"first_name":"Ludovica","last_name":"Cappelletti","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"LudovicaCappelletti","display_name":"Ludovica Cappelletti","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/LudovicaCappelletti?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/48330103/12990435/45923577/s65_ludovica.cappelletti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49109739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49109739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49109739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49109739", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49109739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49109739").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49109739").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49109739"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45408" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture">History of architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45408" type="text/json">{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105985" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milano">Milano</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="105985" type="text/json">{"id":105985,"name":"Milano","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milano?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49109739]'), work: {"id":49109739,"title":"\"Milano e il Politecnico 1863-1913. Le voci dei protagonisti\", a cura di Ludovica Cappelletti, Architectural Design and History, Franco Angeli, Milano 2020.","created_at":"2021-06-03T07:56:19.666-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49109739/_Milano_e_il_Politecnico_1863_1913_Le_voci_dei_protagonisti_a_cura_di_Ludovica_Cappelletti_Architectural_Design_and_History_Franco_Angeli_Milano_2020?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_49109739","summary":"Il Politecnico di Milano, fondato nel 1863 come Istituto Tecnico Superiore, è la prima scuola di specializzazione per ingegneri e architetti in Italia.\nL’antologia di testi proposta in questo volume, presenta le testimonianze e i contributi scientifici di docenti e allievi del Politecnico di Milano, che attraverso la propria ricerca e opera di divulgazione hanno messo a fuoco il rapporto tra scienza e arte, tecnica e cultura, tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi del Novecento. Il volume contiene gli scritti del fondatore Francesco Brioschi (1824-1897), di Giuseppe Colombo (1836-1921) e Camillo Boito (1836-1914), Ignazio Porro (1801-1875) ed Enrico Forlanini (1848-1930), introdotti da un saggio che esamina il ruolo del Politecnico di Milano in Italia e in Europa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67504008,"asset_id":49109739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48330103,"first_name":"Ludovica","last_name":"Cappelletti","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"LudovicaCappelletti","display_name":"Ludovica Cappelletti","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://polimi.academia.edu/LudovicaCappelletti?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/48330103/12990435/45923577/s65_ludovica.cappelletti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":105985,"name":"Milano","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milano?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40705169" data-work_id="40705169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/40705169/Um_estudo_sobre_a_moderniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_pesquisa_e_do_ensino_em_engenharia_na_d%C3%A9cada_de_1960_COPPE">Um estudo sobre a modernização da pesquisa e do ensino em engenharia na década de 1960: COPPE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A modernização da pesquisa e do ensino em engenharia ocorrida com os cursos de pós-graduação na década de 1960 pode ser entendida a partir das práticas políticas desenvolvimentista adotada pelos governos de Getúlio Vargas, de Juscelino... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40705169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A modernização da pesquisa e do ensino em engenharia ocorrida com os cursos de pós-graduação na década de 1960 pode ser entendida a partir das práticas políticas desenvolvimentista adotada pelos governos de Getúlio Vargas, de Juscelino Kubitschek e dos governo militares. Durante governo varguista, foi estruturada uma conjunção de propósitos para industrialização nacional, a partir das ideias gestadas pelos economistas da CEPAL. A política de expansão do parque nacional ganha reforços com a criação do então BNDE. A instituição seria a executora e o agente financeiro da União nas operações do Plano de Reaparelhamento e Fomento da Economia Nacional.<br/>Com a ascensão de JK, a industrialização tornou-se política de governo. O Plano de Metas caracterizou-se pela articulação entre o capital privado nacional, estrangeiro e estatal. A tecnologia utilizada, no entanto, era quase que totalmente importada, tornando estéreo a criação de tecnologia nacional.<br/>Às vésperas de se iniciar o período militar no Brasil, dois jovens professores, Alberto Luiz Galvão Coimbra e Frank Tiller, criam o curso de pós-graduação em Engenharia Química. Tendo na equipe os norte-americanos Donald Katz e Louis Brand e os brasileiros Nélson de Castro Faria, Maurício Leonardos, Affonso Silva Telles e Giulio Massarani, a inciativa ganhará o apoio do Fundo de Desenvolvimento Técnico-Científico, criado em 29 de maio de 1964, formado com 3% do investimento anual do BNDE. Nascia a Coppe!<br/>Com convênio com o governo norte-americano pelo qual os EUA, que ajudaria o Ministério da Educação e Cultura a reformar o ensino superior, o professor Coimbra, que passava ao largo das discussões políticas, tratava de aproveitar o quanto podia as oportunidades oferecidas pelo estreitamento de relações políticas e educacionais entre os dois países. Usava as bolsas para mandar alunos para o doutorado nos EUA e para trazer novos professores.<br/>O Programa Estratégico de Desenvolvimento, sistematizou, por sua vez, a adoção de uma Política de Ciência e Tecnologia para o País. Os resultados foram sentidos de imediato na Coppe. Até 1970, foram criados mais oito cursos (Metalurgia, Elétrica, Civil, Naval, Produção, Nuclear, Biomédica e Sistemas), totalizando dez dos doze atuais. Surgia a Coppetec, que passaria a negociar com as empresas os serviços a serem prestados pelos professores.<br/>Mesmo com a saída do professor Coimbra, no final da década de 70, os cursos não param de receber incentivos do Estado, fundamentalmente através da FINEP. Os anos seguintes serão para a Coppe o grande desafio. A crise que se instaura na política e na economia nacionais afetam também os cursos. A redução de bolsas promovem uma grande evasão e, consequentemente, uma baixa produtividade, que recuperar-se-á apenas em meados dos anos 90.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40705169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13803f95619c309ee19cf9a1a2c17c81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60989397,"asset_id":40705169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60989397/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1147278" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/JeffersonAlves">Jefferson Alves</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1147278" type="text/json">{"id":1147278,"first_name":"Jefferson","last_name":"Alves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffersonAlves","display_name":"Jefferson Alves","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/JeffersonAlves?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1147278/404111/8412466/s65_jefferson.alves.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40705169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40705169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40705169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40705169", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40705169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40705169; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40705169"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40705169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40705169"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40705169; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40705169]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40705169").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40705169").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40705169"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64546" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Ci%C3%AAncia">Historia da Ciência</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64546" type="text/json">{"id":64546,"name":"Historia da Ciência","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Ci%C3%AAncia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65317" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia">Engenharia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="65317" type="text/json">{"id":65317,"name":"Engenharia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40705169]'), work: {"id":40705169,"title":"Um estudo sobre a modernização da pesquisa e do ensino em engenharia na década de 1960: COPPE","created_at":"2019-10-22T20:40:32.075-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/40705169/Um_estudo_sobre_a_moderniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_pesquisa_e_do_ensino_em_engenharia_na_d%C3%A9cada_de_1960_COPPE?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_40705169","summary":"A modernização da pesquisa e do ensino em engenharia ocorrida com os cursos de pós-graduação na década de 1960 pode ser entendida a partir das práticas políticas desenvolvimentista adotada pelos governos de Getúlio Vargas, de Juscelino Kubitschek e dos governo militares. Durante governo varguista, foi estruturada uma conjunção de propósitos para industrialização nacional, a partir das ideias gestadas pelos economistas da CEPAL. A política de expansão do parque nacional ganha reforços com a criação do então BNDE. A instituição seria a executora e o agente financeiro da União nas operações do Plano de Reaparelhamento e Fomento da Economia Nacional.\nCom a ascensão de JK, a industrialização tornou-se política de governo. O Plano de Metas caracterizou-se pela articulação entre o capital privado nacional, estrangeiro e estatal. A tecnologia utilizada, no entanto, era quase que totalmente importada, tornando estéreo a criação de tecnologia nacional.\nÀs vésperas de se iniciar o período militar no Brasil, dois jovens professores, Alberto Luiz Galvão Coimbra e Frank Tiller, criam o curso de pós-graduação em Engenharia Química. Tendo na equipe os norte-americanos Donald Katz e Louis Brand e os brasileiros Nélson de Castro Faria, Maurício Leonardos, Affonso Silva Telles e Giulio Massarani, a inciativa ganhará o apoio do Fundo de Desenvolvimento Técnico-Científico, criado em 29 de maio de 1964, formado com 3% do investimento anual do BNDE. Nascia a Coppe!\nCom convênio com o governo norte-americano pelo qual os EUA, que ajudaria o Ministério da Educação e Cultura a reformar o ensino superior, o professor Coimbra, que passava ao largo das discussões políticas, tratava de aproveitar o quanto podia as oportunidades oferecidas pelo estreitamento de relações políticas e educacionais entre os dois países. Usava as bolsas para mandar alunos para o doutorado nos EUA e para trazer novos professores.\nO Programa Estratégico de Desenvolvimento, sistematizou, por sua vez, a adoção de uma Política de Ciência e Tecnologia para o País. Os resultados foram sentidos de imediato na Coppe. Até 1970, foram criados mais oito cursos (Metalurgia, Elétrica, Civil, Naval, Produção, Nuclear, Biomédica e Sistemas), totalizando dez dos doze atuais. Surgia a Coppetec, que passaria a negociar com as empresas os serviços a serem prestados pelos professores.\nMesmo com a saída do professor Coimbra, no final da década de 70, os cursos não param de receber incentivos do Estado, fundamentalmente através da FINEP. Os anos seguintes serão para a Coppe o grande desafio. A crise que se instaura na política e na economia nacionais afetam também os cursos. A redução de bolsas promovem uma grande evasão e, consequentemente, uma baixa produtividade, que recuperar-se-á apenas em meados dos anos 90.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60989397,"asset_id":40705169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1147278,"first_name":"Jefferson","last_name":"Alves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffersonAlves","display_name":"Jefferson Alves","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://independent.academia.edu/JeffersonAlves?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1147278/404111/8412466/s65_jefferson.alves.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":64546,"name":"Historia da Ciência","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Ci%C3%AAncia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":65317,"name":"Engenharia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engenharia?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37787494" data-work_id="37787494" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/37787494/Building_a_Profession_An_Insight_on_the_Professionalization_of_Engineers_in_Romania_1919_1940">Building a Profession. An Insight on the Professionalization of Engineers in Romania 1919-1940</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37787494" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="515a2b4c50d14e6e1e7ec71e283504b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57784834,"asset_id":37787494,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57784834/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12689739" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uadcluj.academia.edu/Drago%C8%99Sdrobi%C8%99">Dragoș Sdrobiș</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12689739" type="text/json">{"id":12689739,"first_name":"Dragoș","last_name":"Sdrobiș","domain_name":"uadcluj","page_name":"DragoșSdrobiș","display_name":"Dragoș Sdrobiș","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uadcluj.academia.edu/Drago%C8%99Sdrobi%C8%99?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/12689739/3612817/18090509/s65_dragos.sdrobis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37787494 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37787494"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37787494, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37787494", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37787494 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37787494; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37787494"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37787494 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37787494"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37787494; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37787494]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37787494").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37787494").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37787494"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9446" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_higher_education">History of higher education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9446" type="text/json">{"id":9446,"name":"History of higher education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_higher_education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12775" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Professions">History of Professions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12775" type="text/json">{"id":12775,"name":"History of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Professions?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14314" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Professions">Sociology of Professions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14314" type="text/json">{"id":14314,"name":"Sociology of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Professions?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37787494]'), work: {"id":37787494,"title":"Building a Profession. An Insight on the Professionalization of Engineers in Romania 1919-1940","created_at":"2018-11-16T06:15:36.674-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/37787494/Building_a_Profession_An_Insight_on_the_Professionalization_of_Engineers_in_Romania_1919_1940?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_37787494","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57784834,"asset_id":37787494,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12689739,"first_name":"Dragoș","last_name":"Sdrobiș","domain_name":"uadcluj","page_name":"DragoșSdrobiș","display_name":"Dragoș Sdrobiș","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uadcluj.academia.edu/Drago%C8%99Sdrobi%C8%99?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/12689739/3612817/18090509/s65_dragos.sdrobis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9446,"name":"History of higher education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_higher_education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":12775,"name":"History of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Professions?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":14314,"name":"Sociology of Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Professions?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":654575,"name":"Liberal Professions","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberal_Professions?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1717821,"name":"Greater Romania","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greater_Romania?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29610390" data-work_id="29610390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/29610390/Making_space_for_engineering_education_the_South_China_Institute_of_Engineering">Making space for engineering education: the South China Institute of Engineering</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the spatial history of an important engineer- ing school during the Republican-Communist transitional years in modern China. I argue that studying the spatiality of engineering education in twentieth-century China is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29610390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the spatial history of an important engineer- ing school during the Republican-Communist transitional years in modern China. I argue that studying the spatiality of engineering education in twentieth-century China is important for two reasons. First, the development of engineering education is a pedagogical priority for both the Nationalist and the Communist Parties, as engi- neering has dominated the ways in which modern Chinese lead- ership envisioned the world and the training of many of its most important leaders. Second, the spatial culture of engineering is a technique of power through which the relationship between tech- nical and nontechnical dimensions of engineering practices can be discerned. Drawing from local newspapers, biographies of architects, art and architectural history, and campus publications, the available evidence suggests that while the campus buildings of Zhongshan University during the Republican era exhibit a Canton-specific Ling- nan architectural style, such regional characteristic was absent in the newly constructed buildings at the South China Institute of Engi- neering, of which Zhongshan University was a constituent college during the early Communist era. In addition to the exterior aes- thetic style, I also analyze the interior spatial arrangement of SCIE, where the boundary between teaching venues, experimental sites, and industrial shops was not sharply drawn in Communist China, which highlights the eradication of hierarchy among teachers, stu- dents, and workers. The spatial history of an engineering school in South China reveals how the efforts to provide space for engineering education reflect a changing geopolitical order in twentieth-century China.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29610390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40bd98dcadc546955abf500c9903a31d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50051566,"asset_id":29610390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50051566/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="386923" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://tsinghua.academia.edu/ChristineLuk">Christine Y L Luk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="386923" type="text/json">{"id":386923,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Luk","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"ChristineLuk","display_name":"Christine Y L Luk","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://tsinghua.academia.edu/ChristineLuk?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/386923/120634/20917436/s65_christine.luk.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29610390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29610390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29610390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29610390", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29610390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29610390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29610390"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29610390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29610390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29610390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29610390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29610390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29610390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29610390"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54424" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/science_and_technology_studies_STS_">science and technology studies (STS)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54424" type="text/json">{"id":54424,"name":"science and technology studies (STS)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/science_and_technology_studies_STS_?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58356" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_studies">Engineering studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58356" type="text/json">{"id":58356,"name":"Engineering studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29610390]'), work: {"id":29610390,"title":"Making space for engineering education: the South China Institute of Engineering","created_at":"2016-11-02T02:29:33.945-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/29610390/Making_space_for_engineering_education_the_South_China_Institute_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_29610390","summary":"This article examines the spatial history of an important engineer- ing school during the Republican-Communist transitional years in modern China. I argue that studying the spatiality of engineering education in twentieth-century China is important for two reasons. First, the development of engineering education is a pedagogical priority for both the Nationalist and the Communist Parties, as engi- neering has dominated the ways in which modern Chinese lead- ership envisioned the world and the training of many of its most important leaders. Second, the spatial culture of engineering is a technique of power through which the relationship between tech- nical and nontechnical dimensions of engineering practices can be discerned. Drawing from local newspapers, biographies of architects, art and architectural history, and campus publications, the available evidence suggests that while the campus buildings of Zhongshan University during the Republican era exhibit a Canton-specific Ling- nan architectural style, such regional characteristic was absent in the newly constructed buildings at the South China Institute of Engi- neering, of which Zhongshan University was a constituent college during the early Communist era. In addition to the exterior aes- thetic style, I also analyze the interior spatial arrangement of SCIE, where the boundary between teaching venues, experimental sites, and industrial shops was not sharply drawn in Communist China, which highlights the eradication of hierarchy among teachers, stu- dents, and workers. The spatial history of an engineering school in South China reveals how the efforts to provide space for engineering education reflect a changing geopolitical order in twentieth-century China.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50051566,"asset_id":29610390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":386923,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Luk","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"ChristineLuk","display_name":"Christine Y L Luk","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://tsinghua.academia.edu/ChristineLuk?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/386923/120634/20917436/s65_christine.luk.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":54424,"name":"science and technology studies (STS)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/science_and_technology_studies_STS_?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":58356,"name":"Engineering studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_studies?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11307864" data-work_id="11307864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/11307864/Engineering_History_II">Engineering History II</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A livelier and more explanatory title would be "Lives of the Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers," or "From Watt to Jobs: Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers." This 1.0 version takes a biographical approach to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11307864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A livelier and more explanatory title would be "Lives of the Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers," or "From Watt to Jobs: Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers." This 1.0 version takes a biographical approach to the development of modern engineering and examines the engineers' role in the relative rise and fall of the great powers, per Paul Kennedy (1987). English-language biographical information on German, Russian, and Japanese engineers is welcomed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11307864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ca27e528883635c255e021e10a23344" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37788244,"asset_id":11307864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37788244/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59734" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ieeeghn.academia.edu/AlexanderMagoun">Alexander Magoun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59734" type="text/json">{"id":59734,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Magoun","domain_name":"ieeeghn","page_name":"AlexanderMagoun","display_name":"Alexander Magoun","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ieeeghn.academia.edu/AlexanderMagoun?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/59734/17289/16099/s65_alexander.magoun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11307864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11307864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11307864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11307864", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11307864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11307864; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11307864"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11307864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11307864"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11307864; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11307864]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11307864").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11307864").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11307864"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11913" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering">History of civil engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11913" type="text/json">{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43110" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Electrical_Engineering">History of Electrical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43110" type="text/json">{"id":43110,"name":"History of Electrical Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52686" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_military_Engineering">History of military Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52686" type="text/json">{"id":52686,"name":"History of military Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_military_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11307864]'), work: {"id":11307864,"title":"Engineering History II","created_at":"2015-03-06T08:30:46.000-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/11307864/Engineering_History_II?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_11307864","summary":"A livelier and more explanatory title would be \"Lives of the Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers,\" or \"From Watt to Jobs: Engineers and the Rise of the Great Powers.\" This 1.0 version takes a biographical approach to the development of modern engineering and examines the engineers' role in the relative rise and fall of the great powers, per Paul Kennedy (1987). English-language biographical information on German, Russian, and Japanese engineers is welcomed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37788244,"asset_id":11307864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":37788235,"asset_id":11307864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59734,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Magoun","domain_name":"ieeeghn","page_name":"AlexanderMagoun","display_name":"Alexander Magoun","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://ieeeghn.academia.edu/AlexanderMagoun?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/59734/17289/16099/s65_alexander.magoun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":43110,"name":"History of Electrical Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":52686,"name":"History of military Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_military_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":147230,"name":"Mechanical Engineering History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1154892" data-work_id="1154892" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1154892/Making_the_invisible_engineer_visible_DuPont_and_the_recognition_of_nuclear_expertise">Making the invisible engineer visible: DuPont and the recognition of nuclear expertise</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Between 1942 and the late 1950s, atomic piles (nuclear chain-reactors) were industrialized, initially to generate plutonium for the first atomic weapons and later to serve as copious sources of neutrons, radioisotopes and electrical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1154892" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Between 1942 and the late 1950s, atomic piles (nuclear chain-reactors) were industrialized, initially to generate plutonium for the first atomic weapons and later to serve as copious sources of neutrons, radioisotopes and electrical power. These facilities entrained a new breed of engineering specialist adept at designing, operating and maintaining them. From the beginning, large companies supplied the engineering labor for this new technology, and played an important role in defining the nature of their nuclear expertise. In the USA, the most influential company of the period was DuPont, which assumed responsibility for the first plutonium production reactors at Oak Ridge TN and Hanford WA between 1942-6, and of the postwar production facilities at Savannah River SC 1950-87. This paper explores the transition of authority from so-called “atomic scientists” to nuclear engineers at these sites, and the role played by DuPont in consolidating this new technical profession.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1154892" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80220a323fe6ef2a3ce6a9f8d6b880b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31551337,"asset_id":1154892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31551337/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1044433" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston">Sean F Johnston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1044433" type="text/json">{"id":1044433,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"SeanFJohnston","display_name":"Sean F Johnston","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1044433/359961/135294827/s65_sean.johnston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1154892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1154892"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1154892, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1154892", }); 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These facilities entrained a new breed of engineering specialist adept at designing, operating and maintaining them. From the beginning, large companies supplied the engineering labor for this new technology, and played an important role in defining the nature of their nuclear expertise. In the USA, the most influential company of the period was DuPont, which assumed responsibility for the first plutonium production reactors at Oak Ridge TN and Hanford WA between 1942-6, and of the postwar production facilities at Savannah River SC 1950-87. This paper explores the transition of authority from so-called “atomic scientists” to nuclear engineers at these sites, and the role played by DuPont in consolidating this new technical profession.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31551337,"asset_id":1154892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1044433,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"SeanFJohnston","display_name":"Sean F Johnston","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1044433/359961/135294827/s65_sean.johnston.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":80,"name":"Nuclear 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Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935"},{"id":26655,"name":"Nuclear Wastes Management","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Wastes_Management?f_ri=25935"},{"id":40284,"name":"History and Sociology of Expertise","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Sociology_of_Expertise?f_ri=25935"},{"id":44507,"name":"Nuclear","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear?f_ri=25935"},{"id":51267,"name":"Corporate Strategy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Strategy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":75136,"name":"DuPont","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DuPont?f_ri=25935"},{"id":84820,"name":"Nuclear 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Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935"},{"id":335391,"name":"Nuclear Engineers","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineers?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1023371,"name":"Career Progression In Science and Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Career_Progression_In_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1849327,"name":"History of Industrial Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Industrial_Engineering?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1154888" data-work_id="1154888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1154888/Implanting_a_Discipline_The_Academic_Trajectory_of_Nuclear_Engineering_in_the_USA_and_UK">Implanting a Discipline: The Academic Trajectory of Nuclear Engineering in the USA and UK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The nuclear engineer emerged as a new form of recognised technical professional between 1940 and the early 1960s as nuclear fission, the chain reaction and their applications were explored. The institutionalization of nuclear engineering... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1154888" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The nuclear engineer emerged as a new form of recognised technical professional between 1940 and the early 1960s as nuclear fission, the chain reaction and their applications were explored. The institutionalization of nuclear engineering channelled into new national laboratories and corporate design offices during the decade after the war, and hurried into academic venues thereafter proved unusually dependent on government definition and support. This paper contrasts the distinct histories of the new discipline in the USA and UK (and, more briefly, Canada). In the segregated and influential environments of institutional laboratories and factories, historical actors such as physicist Walter Zinn in the USA and industrial chemist Christopher Hinton in the UK proved influential in shaping the roles and perceptions of nuclear specialists. More broadly, I argue that the State-managed implantation of the new subject within further and higher education curricula was shaped strongly by distinct political and economic contexts in which secrecy, postwar prestige and differing industrial cultures were decisive factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1154888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="365b8515492da45d68261316b2cd3ec6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30448857,"asset_id":1154888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30448857/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1044433" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston">Sean F Johnston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1044433" type="text/json">{"id":1044433,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"SeanFJohnston","display_name":"Sean F Johnston","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://glasgow.academia.edu/SeanFJohnston?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/1044433/359961/135294827/s65_sean.johnston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1154888 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1154888"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1154888, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1154888", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1154888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1154888").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1154888").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1154888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">38</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering">Nuclear Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80" type="text/json">{"id":80,"name":"Nuclear Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology">History of Science and Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132" type="text/json">{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="948" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology">Historical Sociology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="948" type="text/json">{"id":948,"name":"Historical Sociology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1154888]'), work: {"id":1154888,"title":"Implanting a Discipline: The Academic Trajectory of Nuclear Engineering in the USA and UK","created_at":"2011-12-13T17:33:41.116-08:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/1154888/Implanting_a_Discipline_The_Academic_Trajectory_of_Nuclear_Engineering_in_the_USA_and_UK?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_1154888","summary":"The nuclear engineer emerged as a new form of recognised technical professional between 1940 and the early 1960s as nuclear fission, the chain reaction and their applications were explored. 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More broadly, I argue that the State-managed implantation of the new subject within further and higher education curricula was shaped strongly by distinct political and economic contexts in which secrecy, postwar prestige and differing industrial cultures were decisive factors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30448857,"asset_id":1154888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1044433,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"SeanFJohnston","display_name":"Sean F 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Technology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Studies_of_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=25935"},{"id":156071,"name":"History of Nuclear Power","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nuclear_Power?f_ri=25935"},{"id":335371,"name":"History of Engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering?f_ri=25935"},{"id":567564,"name":"History of Nuclear Science","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nuclear_Science?f_ri=25935"},{"id":624074,"name":"Nuclear History","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_History?f_ri=25935"},{"id":624094,"name":"Technological Training","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technological_Training?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49244194" data-work_id="49244194" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49244194/Teaching_Werner_to_the_New_World_Geognosy_in_the_School_of_Mines_of_Mexico_1795_1805">Teaching Werner to the New World: Geognosy in the School of Mines of Mexico, 1795-1805</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Royal Seminary of Mines of Mexico City1 (Real Seminario de Minería) was created in 1792 following the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy and was the first of its kind in America. The Basque Fausto de Elhuyar (1755–1833)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49244194" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Royal Seminary of Mines of Mexico City1 (Real Seminario de Minería) was created in 1792 following the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy and was the first of its kind in America. The Basque Fausto de Elhuyar (1755–1833) was the founding director, who as a former Werner pupil, tried to follow his teachings. Nevertheless, it was Madrid born Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), also a student of Werner’s (1789–1791), who made the transfer possible when he occupied the chair for Orictognosy, Geognosy and Art of Mines in 1795, keeping it for half a century. This paper shows how Del Río transferred Werner’s theory of veins and the concept of Geognosy across the sea through his manuscript Treatise on veins (Tratado de vetas) of 1795, his public speeches and other texts during his first ten years of teaching, giving birth to modern Earth Sciences in the New World.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49244194" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9eec85cf89f2803b51bed45e70ae3344" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67628189,"asset_id":49244194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67628189/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4420753" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla">Omar Escamilla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4420753" type="text/json">{"id":4420753,"first_name":"Omar","last_name":"Escamilla","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"OmarEscamilla","display_name":"Omar Escamilla","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4420753/3516462/4129167/s65_omar.escamilla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49244194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49244194"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49244194, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49244194", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49244194]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49244194").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49244194").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49244194"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2196" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education">History of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2196" type="text/json">{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13310" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology">History of Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13310" type="text/json">{"id":13310,"name":"History of Geology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20483" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mining">History of Mining</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20483" type="text/json">{"id":20483,"name":"History of Mining","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mining?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25935" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education">History of Engineering Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25935" type="text/json">{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49244194]'), work: {"id":49244194,"title":"Teaching Werner to the New World: Geognosy in the School of Mines of Mexico, 1795-1805","created_at":"2021-06-14T18:05:19.252-07:00","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/49244194/Teaching_Werner_to_the_New_World_Geognosy_in_the_School_of_Mines_of_Mexico_1795_1805?f_ri=25935","dom_id":"work_49244194","summary":"The Royal Seminary of Mines of Mexico City1 (Real Seminario de Minería) was created in 1792 following the educational model of the Freiberg Mining Academy and was the first of its kind in America. The Basque Fausto de Elhuyar (1755–1833) was the founding director, who as a former Werner pupil, tried to follow his teachings. Nevertheless, it was Madrid born Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), also a student of Werner’s (1789–1791), who made the transfer possible when he occupied the chair for Orictognosy, Geognosy and Art of Mines in 1795, keeping it for half a century. This paper shows how Del Río transferred Werner’s theory of veins and the concept of Geognosy across the sea through his manuscript Treatise on veins (Tratado de vetas) of 1795, his public speeches and other texts during his first ten years of teaching, giving birth to modern Earth Sciences in the New World.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67628189,"asset_id":49244194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4420753,"first_name":"Omar","last_name":"Escamilla","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"OmarEscamilla","display_name":"Omar Escamilla","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://unam.academia.edu/OmarEscamilla?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/4420753/3516462/4129167/s65_omar.escamilla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2196,"name":"History of Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":13310,"name":"History of Geology","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Geology?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":20483,"name":"History of Mining","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mining?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":247363,"name":"History of earth sciences","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_earth_sciences?f_ri=25935"},{"id":360434,"name":"Historia de México","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_M%C3%A9xico-1?f_ri=25935"},{"id":1661332,"name":"Bergakademie Freiberg","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bergakademie_Freiberg?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2920433,"name":"Real Seminario de Minería de México","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Seminario_de_Miner%C3%ADa_de_M%C3%A9xico?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2920435,"name":"Geognosy","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geognosy?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3100658,"name":"Abraham Gottlob Werner","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner?f_ri=25935"},{"id":3998680,"name":"Andrés Manuel del Río","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_del_R%C3%ADo?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21459098" data-work_id="21459098" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/21459098/Ingenieure_f%C3%BCr_die_Schweiz_Die_ersten_hundert_Jahre_Strassenbauausbildung_an_der_ETH_Z%C3%BCrich">Ingenieure für die Schweiz. Die ersten hundert Jahre Strassenbauausbildung an der ETH Zürich</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) was founded in 1855, one of its most important goals was to educate civil engineers who could plan, build and maintain transport infrastructures for Switzerland. The rapid... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21459098" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) was founded in 1855, one of its most important goals was to educate civil engineers who could plan, build and maintain transport infrastructures for Switzerland. The rapid development of the Swiss railway networks influenced the appointment policy as well as the subjects taught at the ETH. The curriculum for transportation engineers was dominated by railway-specific subjects and was taught mostly by engineers who specialized in building railway lines and tunnels. It was not until the 1930ies that the increasing motorization and intensive lobbying from interest groups shifted the focus in engineering education from railway to road construction with all its facets. In 1950, the field of transport engineering was divided into two chairs at ETH Zurich, which gave considerably more weight to matters of road construction and planning.<br/><br/>Die Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule wurde 1855 gegründet, um Ingenieure für die Industrie sowie für den Bau von Verkehrsinfrastrukturen auszubilden. Die stürmische Entwicklung des schweizerischen Eisenbahnbaus wirkte sich auf die Berufungspolitik und die Unterrichtsgestaltung an der ETH aus: Bis in die 1920er-Jahre wurden jeweils Ingenieure berufen, die ihre Meriten im Eisenbahn- und Tunnelbau geholt hatten und Ingenieure für die Projektierung und den Betrieb von Eisenbahnlinien, Bahnhöfen, Tunnels und Brücken ausbildeten. Der steigende Motorisierungsgrad des Strassenverkehrs und erfolgreiche Lobbyarbeit durch die Vereinigung Schweizerischer Strassenfachmänner (VSS) trugen in den 1930er-Jahren jedoch dazu bei, die Gewichte zugunsten der Strassenbau-Ausbildung zu verschieben. Mit der 1950 erfolgten Aufteilung des Lehr- und Forschungsgebiets auf zwei Professuren gewann die Ausbildung von Strassenbau-Ingenieuren an der ETH weiter an Gewicht.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21459098" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95cb33d73e951a35d3816b264ef4990d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41888592,"asset_id":21459098,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41888592/download_file?st=MTcyNTgxOTY3OSwyMDcuMjQxLjIyNS41OA%3D%3D&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19389982" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uzh.academia.edu/StefanSandmeier">Stefan Sandmeier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19389982" type="text/json">{"id":19389982,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Sandmeier","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"StefanSandmeier","display_name":"Stefan Sandmeier","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uzh.academia.edu/StefanSandmeier?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/19389982/5394943/6157089/s65_stefan.sandmeier.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21459098 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21459098"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21459098, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21459098", }); 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It was not until the 1930ies that the increasing motorization and intensive lobbying from interest groups shifted the focus in engineering education from railway to road construction with all its facets. In 1950, the field of transport engineering was divided into two chairs at ETH Zurich, which gave considerably more weight to matters of road construction and planning.\n\nDie Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule wurde 1855 gegründet, um Ingenieure für die Industrie sowie für den Bau von Verkehrsinfrastrukturen auszubilden. Die stürmische Entwicklung des schweizerischen Eisenbahnbaus wirkte sich auf die Berufungspolitik und die Unterrichtsgestaltung an der ETH aus: Bis in die 1920er-Jahre wurden jeweils Ingenieure berufen, die ihre Meriten im Eisenbahn- und Tunnelbau geholt hatten und Ingenieure für die Projektierung und den Betrieb von Eisenbahnlinien, Bahnhöfen, Tunnels und Brücken ausbildeten. Der steigende Motorisierungsgrad des Strassenverkehrs und erfolgreiche Lobbyarbeit durch die Vereinigung Schweizerischer Strassenfachmänner (VSS) trugen in den 1930er-Jahren jedoch dazu bei, die Gewichte zugunsten der Strassenbau-Ausbildung zu verschieben. Mit der 1950 erfolgten Aufteilung des Lehr- und Forschungsgebiets auf zwei Professuren gewann die Ausbildung von Strassenbau-Ingenieuren an der ETH weiter an Gewicht.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41888592,"asset_id":21459098,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19389982,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Sandmeier","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"StefanSandmeier","display_name":"Stefan Sandmeier","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://uzh.academia.edu/StefanSandmeier?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/19389982/5394943/6157089/s65_stefan.sandmeier.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11913,"name":"History of civil engineering","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_civil_engineering?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":15575,"name":"20th century (History)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_century_History_?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":19332,"name":"19th Century (History)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_History_?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":25935,"name":"History of Engineering Education","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Engineering_Education?f_ri=25935","nofollow":false},{"id":33752,"name":"History of Switzerland","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Switzerland?f_ri=25935"},{"id":65700,"name":"Geschichte","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geschichte?f_ri=25935"},{"id":152580,"name":"Switzerland","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switzerland?f_ri=25935"},{"id":195286,"name":"Wissenschaftsgeschichte","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wissenschaftsgeschichte?f_ri=25935"},{"id":318338,"name":"Schweiz","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schweiz?f_ri=25935"},{"id":773131,"name":"Universitätsgeschichte","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universitatsgeschichte?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2337854,"name":"Ingenieurwesen","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ingenieurwesen?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2337855,"name":"Strassenbau-Ingenieure","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strassenbau-Ingenieure?f_ri=25935"},{"id":2337856,"name":"ETH Zürich","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ETH_Z%C3%BCrich?f_ri=25935"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17148439" data-work_id="17148439" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://www.academia.edu/17148439/Constituer_et_se_constituer_en_%C3%A9lite_au_XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_Le_cas_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l_Ecole_du_g%C3%A9nie_de_M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res_1750_1789_">Constituer et se constituer en élite au XVIIIe siècle. Le cas des élèves de l’Ecole du génie de Mézières (1750-1789)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">“To Be and Become an Elite. The Students of the Ecole du Génie de Mézières” (Master thesis)<br/>Supervision : Pascal BRIOIST (Univ. Tours) & Philippe SAVOIE (ENS Lyon)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17148439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25275529" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienPautet">Sébastien Pautet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25275529" type="text/json">{"id":25275529,"first_name":"Sébastien","last_name":"Pautet","domain_name":"univ-paris-diderot","page_name":"SébastienPautet","display_name":"Sébastien Pautet","profile_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienPautet?f_ri=25935","photo":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240908182118/https://0.academia-photos.com/25275529/10484125/11698319/s65_s_bastien.pautet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17148439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17148439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17148439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17148439", }); 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