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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> 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class="mw-page-title-main">Leszek Miller</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="يزيك ميلر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يزيك ميلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лешак Мілер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лешак Мілер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лешек Милер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лешек Милер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="لشک میلر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لشک میلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%85%B0%ED%81%AC_%EB%B0%80%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4" title="레셰크 밀레르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레셰크 밀레르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लेसेक मिलर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लेसेक मिलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="يزيك ميلر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يزيك ميلر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лешек Миллер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лешек Миллер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Миллер, Лешек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миллер, Лешек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лешек Міллер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лешек Міллер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Leszek Miller" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94" title="莱谢克·米莱尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莱谢克·米莱尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55782#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Leszek Miller</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Leszek_Miller_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3695" data-file-height="5551" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Prime Minister of Poland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 October 2001 – 2 May 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski" title="Aleksander Kwaśniewski">Aleksander Kwaśniewski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Poland">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Marek Belka</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kalinowski" title="Jarosław Kalinowski">Jarosław Kalinowski</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland">Marek Pol</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Hausner" title="Jerzy Hausner">Jerzy Hausner</a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Jerzy Buzek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Marek Belka</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Leader of the Democratic Left Alliance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 December 2011 – 23 January 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Napieralski" title="Grzegorz Napieralski">Grzegorz Napieralski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Czarzasty" title="Włodzimierz Czarzasty">Włodzimierz Czarzasty</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 April 1999 – 6 March 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Janik" title="Krzysztof Janik">Krzysztof Janik</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Left" title="Polish Left">Polish Left</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 January 2008 – 9 January 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i><br /> Himself <small>(As <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Leader of Social Democracy</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jacek Zdrojewski</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 September 1997 – 15 April 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i> <br />Himself <small>(As <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Leader of the Democratic Left Alliance</a>)</small></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_and_Administration_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior and Administration (Poland)">Minister of Interior and Administration</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 1997 – 31 October 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Siemi%C4%85tkowski" title="Zbigniew Siemiątkowski">Zbigniew Siemiątkowski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Tomaszewski" title="Janusz Tomaszewski">Janusz Tomaszewski</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Labour and Social Policy">Minister of Labour and Social Policy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 October 1993 – 7 February 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Waldemar Pawlak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Kuro%C5%84" title="Jacek Kuroń">Jacek Kuroń</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Andrzej Bądkowski</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Leszek Cezary Miller</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-07-03</span>) </span>3 July 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 78)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w" title="Żyrardów">Żyrardów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Unity" title="Provisional Government of National Unity">Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a> (1969–1990)<br /><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland</a> (1990–1999)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a> (1999–2007, 2010–2021)<br /><a href="/wiki/Polish_Left" title="Polish Left">Polish Left</a> (2007–2010)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland">Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland</a> (2007)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Aleksandra Miller</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana"><img alt="Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg/40px-EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg/60px-EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg/80px-EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana_-_1st_Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Order of Merit (Malta)"><img alt="National Order of Merit (Malta)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg/40px-MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg/60px-MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg/80px-MLT_National_Order_of_Merit_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Order of the Smile"><img alt="Order of the Smile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg/40px-POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg/60px-POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg/80px-POL_Order_U%C5%9Bmiechu_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leszek_miller_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Leszek Miller's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Leszek_miller_signature.png/128px-Leszek_miller_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Leszek_miller_signature.png/192px-Leszek_miller_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Leszek_miller_signature.png/256px-Leszek_miller_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="144" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG/220px-Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG/330px-Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG/440px-Leszek_Miller_Krzysztof_Gawkowski_Sejm_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4889" data-file-height="3238" /></a><figcaption>Leszek Miller interviewed in the Sejm (2014)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg/220px-Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg/330px-Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg/440px-Rada_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Narodowego_02_-_20101124.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Leszek Miller with former Polish presidents: <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski" title="Aleksander Kwaśniewski">Aleksander Kwaśniewski</a> (2010)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Leszek Cezary Miller</b> (<small>Polish pronunciation:</small> <span class="IPA" lang="pl-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈlɛʂɛk ˈmillɛr]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9d\/Pl-Leszek_Miller.ogg\/Pl-Leszek_Miller.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-Leszek Miller.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Pl-Leszek_Miller.ogg/Pl-Leszek_Miller.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-Leszek_Miller.ogg" title="File:Pl-Leszek Miller.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born 3 July 1946) is a Polish politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Poland">prime minister of Poland</a> from 2001 to 2004. He has served as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> (MEP) in 2019–2024. </p><p>From 1989 to 1990, Miller was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party">Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party</a>. He was the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a> from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2011 to 2016. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Childhood_and_youth">Childhood and youth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Childhood and youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leszek Miller is the great-grandson of Eliasz, son of Mośek and Sura Miller, born in 1840 in <a href="/wiki/Kutno" title="Kutno">Kutno</a>. Eliasz Miller converted from Judaism to Christianity in 1869 in <a href="/wiki/Niebor%C3%B3w" title="Nieborów">Nieborów</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leszek Miller was born in <a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w" title="Żyrardów">Żyrardów</a>, Miller comes from a poor, working-class family: His father was a tailor and his mother a <a href="/wiki/Needlewoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Needlewoman">needlewoman</a>. His parents broke up when Miller was six months old. His father, Florian Miller left the family and Leszek has never maintained any contact with him. His mother brought him up in a religious spirit – following her wish, he was even, for some time, an <a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a> in their church.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to hard living conditions, after graduation from a vocational school, 17-year-old Miller got a job in the Textile Linen Plant in Żyrardów, while continuing his education in the evenings at the Vocational Secondary School of Electric Power Engineering. He soon completed his military service on the ORP Bielik submarine.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, Miller married Aleksandra, three years his junior, in church. They had a son, Leszek Junior (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> August 2018), and a granddaughter, Monika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_1990">Before 1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Before 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller started his political career as an activist of the Socialist Youth Union, where he held the position of Chairman of the Plant Board, soon becoming a member of the Town Committee. After the military service, in 1969, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a> (PZPR), People's Poland's communist party.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many people were pressured to join PZPR in order to advance in their careers or to pursue higher education. Miller used his affiliation with the Communist party to effectively advance in his studies and professional goals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view"><span title="This statement is possibly biased. (August 2021)">neutrality</span></a> is <a href="/wiki/Talk:Leszek_Miller" title="Talk:Leszek Miller">disputed</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1973 and 1974, Miller was the Secretary of the PZPR Plant Committee. With the party's recommendation, he started political sciences studies at the party's Higher School of Political Sciences (<i>Wyższa Szkoła Nauk Społecznych</i>), graduating in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduation, Miller worked at the PZPR Central Committee, supervising the Group, and later on the Department of Youth, Physical Education and Tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1986, Miller was elected as First Secretary of the PZPR Provincial Committee in <a href="/wiki/Skierniewice" title="Skierniewice">Skierniewice</a>. In December 1988, he returned to Warsaw, due to his promotion to the position of the Secretary of the PZPR Central Committee. As a representative of the government side, he took part in the session of the historic "Round Table", where, together with Andrzej Celiński, he co-chaired the sub-team for youth issues (the only one that closed the session without signing the agreement). In 1989, he became a member of the PZPR <a href="/wiki/Politburo" title="Politburo">Political Bureau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_1990">After 1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the PZPR was dissolved, Miller became a co-founder of the Social Democracy of the Polish Republic (till March 1993, he was Secretary General, then Deputy Chairman and, from December 1997, the Chairman of that party). In December 1999, at the Founding Congress of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a> (SLD), he was elected its Chairman, holding the function continuously until February 2004. In 1997-2001 he was the Chairman of the SLD’s caucus. </p><p>In 1989, he ran unsuccessfully for the Senate as a representative of Skierniewice Province. In subsequent elections (1991), Miller was a leader on the election list of the Social Democracy of the Polish Republic in Łódź and, following a considerable success in elections, he won a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>, becoming Chairman of the Parliamentary Group of the Social Democracy of the Polish Republic. In three subsequent elections to the Sejm, he ran each time from Łódź, each time gaining more and more votes (from 50 thousand in 1991 up to 146 thousand in 2001); he held a seat in Parliament until 2005. </p><p>Through all that time he remained one of the leading politicians on the left wing. In the early 1990s, together with <a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Rakowski" title="Mieczysław Rakowski">Mieczysław Rakowski</a>, he was suspected in the case of the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Moscow_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow loan">Moscow loan</a>". After revealing that affair in 1991, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz</a> called Miller to abstain from taking an MP's oath due to accusations laid against him. When Miller was cleared of the charges, Prime Minister Cimoszewicz appointed him later as the Minister in Charge of the Office of the Council of Ministers and in 1997 the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Administration_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration of the Republic of Poland">Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration</a> in his government. In turn, Cimoszewicz later became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Miller’s cabinet. </p><p>From 1993 to 1996, Miller was the Minister of Labour and Social Policy in the governments of <a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Waldemar Pawlak</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a> respectively. In 1996, he was nominated as Senior Minister in charge of the Office of the Council of Ministers. He then got the nickname “The Chancellor”. </p><p>Miller played an important role in concluding the case of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kukliński">Ryszard Kukliński</a>, for which he was severely criticised within his political circle. A similar disapproval was expressed after Miller’s support for the Concordat and the candidature of <a href="/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz" title="Leszek Balcerowicz">Leszek Balcerowicz</a> to the position of President of the National Bank of Poland. </p><p>During the period of the Solidarity Electoral Action’s government, Miller was in charge of the parliamentary opposition, leading the political fight with the governing party. He was also consolidating the majority of significant left-wing groups around his person. In 1999, he succeeded in establishing one uniform political party – the Democratic Left Alliance – which turned out to be very successful in following elections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister_(2001-2004)"><span id="Prime_Minister_.282001-2004.29"></span>Prime Minister (2001-2004)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prime Minister (2001-2004)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the victory of the Left (41% vs. 12% of the subsequent party) in the Parliamentary Election in 2001, on 19 October 2001, President <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski" title="Aleksander Kwaśniewski">Aleksander Kwaśniewski</a> appointed Miller Prime Minister and obliged to nominate the government. The new government won the parliamentary vote of confidence on 26 October 2001 (306:140 votes with one abstention). The 16-person cabinet of Prime Minister Miller has been the smallest government of the Polish Republic so far. </p><p>Miller’s government faced a difficult economic situation in Poland, including an unemployment rate above 18%, a high level of public debt, and economic stagnation. At the end of Miller’s term, economic growth exceeded 6%; still, it was too slow to reduce the unemployment rate. During his term, the unpopular program of cuts in public expenses was implemented, together with a hardly successful reform of health care financing. The reforms of the tax system and of the Social Insurance Institution were continued, and the attempt to settle the mass-media market failed. Taxes were significantly lowered – to 19% for companies and for persons running business activity – and the act of freedom in business activity was voted through. A radical, structural reform of secret services was implemented (the State Security Office was dissolved and replaced by the Internal Security Agency and the Intelligence Agency). </p><p>Simultaneously, institutional and legal adjustments were continued, resulting from the accession to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The Accession conditions were negotiated, being the main strategic goal of Miller’s cabinet. On 13 December 2002, at the summit in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> (Denmark), Prime Minister Leszek Miller completed the negotiations with the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 April 2003 in Athens, Miller, together with Cimoszewicz, signed the Accession Treaty, bringing Poland into the European Union. Miller’s government, in collaboration with various political and social forces, organized the accession referendum with a successful outcome. On 7 and 8 June 2003, 77.45% of the referendum participants voted in favor of Poland’s accession to the European Union. The referendum turn-out reached 58.85%.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miller’s government, together with President Kwaśniewski, made a decision (March 2003) to join the international coalition and deploy Polish troops to Iraq, targeting at overthrowing Saddam Hussein’s government. Miller was also a co-signatory of "<a href="/wiki/The_letter_of_the_eight" title="The letter of the eight">the letter of 8</a>", signed by eight European prime ministers, supporting the US position on Iraq. Already in 2002, Miller gave permission to the U.S. government to run a <a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">secret CIA prison</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stare_Kiejkuty_(base)" title="Stare Kiejkuty (base)">Stare Kiejkuty military training center</a>, three hours north of Warsaw. Years later he is facing accusations of acting anti-constitutionally by having tolerated the imprisonment and torture of prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 December 2003, Leszek Miller suffered injuries in a <a href="/wiki/2003_Polish_Air_Force_Mi-8_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Polish Air Force Mi-8 crash">helicopter crash</a> near Warsaw.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_20_December_2001-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> with Polish Prime Minister Leszek Miller (2001)</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of its term of office, Miller’s government had the lowest public support of any government since 1989. It was mainly caused by the continuing high unemployment rate, corruption scandals, with <a href="/wiki/Rywin_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Rywin Affair">Rywingate</a> on top, and by the attempt of fulfilling the plan of reducing social spending (the Hausner’s plan). In result of criticism in his own party, the Democratic Left Alliance, in February 2004, Miller resigned from chairing the party. Miller was criticized for an excessively liberal approach and for stressing the role of free-market mechanisms in economy. He was reproached for his acceptance of a flat tax, which ran counter to the left-wing doctrine. He was also identified with the “chieftain-like style” of leadership. On 26 March 2004, following the decision of the Speaker of the Parliament, <a href="/wiki/Marek_Borowski" title="Marek Borowski">Marek Borowski</a>, to found a new dissenting party, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of Poland">Social Democracy of Poland</a>, Miller decided to resign from the position of Prime Minister on May 2, 2004, 1 day after Poland’s accession to the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 May 2004, together with President Kwaśniewski, he was in Dublin, taking part in the Grand Ceremony of the accession of 10 states, including Poland, to the European Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, despite the support of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a>, Miller was not registered on the election list to the Parliament. At the same time, he was offered to run for Senate but refused. Retirement of the old activists was presented in media as “inflow of new blood into the Democratic Left Alliance”. After the election, Miller became active in journalism, writing mainly for the “Wprost” weekly on liberal economic concepts and current political issues. In the first half of 2005, he stayed at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., implementing a research project: “Status of the new Poland in the Eastern Europe’s space”. </p><p>In September 2007, the former Polish Prime Minister Leszek Miller become affiliated with Samoobrona, when he decided to run for the Sejm from their lists. In January 2008, at the first congress of the newly founded Polish Left party, he became its chairman. In December 2009, he submitted a membership declaration to the SLD. In January 2010, he resigned from the Polish Left and was admitted to the SLD in the same month.In 2010 he became a columnist of the Wednesday edition of "Super Express".In the parliamentary elections in 2015, he was not re-elected as an MP (the United Left, co-created by the SLD, did not pass the electoral threshold). He did not run for re-election as chairman of the SLD - on January 23, 2016, he was replaced in this function by Włodzimierz Czarzasty.On March 8, 2021, after the legally binding judicial re-registration of the Democratic Left Alliance to Nowa Lewica (as part of the final project of merging SLD and Spring), he announced his departure from the party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinakowski" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Minakowski, Marek Jerzy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minakowski.pl/zydowskie-korzenie-leszka-millera-i-jego-zwiazki-rodzinne-z-kaczynskim/">"Żydowskie korzenie Leszka Millera i jego związki rodzinne z Kaczyńskim"</a>. <i>Minakowski.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=voanews.com&rft.atitle=Polish+Prime+Minister+Injured+in+Helicopter+Crash+-+2003-12-05&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fa-13-a-2003-12-05-30-polish-67593012%2F389442.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeszek+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4884712">"Poland's prime minister steps down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. 2 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Poland%27s+prime+minister+steps+down&rft.date=2004-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna4884712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeszek+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. Machejek, A. Machejek, Leszek Miller: dogońmy Europę!(wywiad-rzeka z liderem SLD)(Catch up with Europe! An extended interview with the Leader of the Democratic Left Alliance), Hamal Books, 2001.</li> <li>L. Stomma, Leszek Miller WDK 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leszek_Miller" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Leszek Miller">Leszek Miller</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miller.pl/">Official site</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Kuro%C5%84" title="Jacek Kuroń">Jacek Kuroń</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of Labor and Social Policy </b><br />1993–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Andrzej Bądkowski</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Siemi%C4%85tkowski" title="Zbigniew Siemiątkowski">Zbigniew Siemiątkowski</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_and_Administration_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior and Administration (Poland)">Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration</a> </b><br />1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Tomaszewski" title="Janusz Tomaszewski">Janusz Tomaszewski</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Jerzy Buzek</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Prime Minister of Poland</a> </b><br />2001–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Marek Belka</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy</a> </b><br />1997–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Position abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a> </b><br />1999–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Janik" title="Krzysztof Janik">Krzysztof Janik</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Left" title="Polish Left">Polish Left</a> </b><br />2008–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Jacek Zdrojewski</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Napieralski" title="Grzegorz Napieralski">Grzegorz Napieralski</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a> </b><br />2011–2016 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Włodzimierz Czarzasty</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_B%C4%85czkowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrzej Bączkowski (page does not exist)">Andrzej Bączkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadeusz_Zieli%C5%84ski_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadeusz Zieliński (politician) (page does not exist)">Tadeusz Zieliński</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longin_Komo%C5%82owski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longin Komołowski (page does not exist)">Longin Komołowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Hausner" title="Jerzy Hausner">Jerzy Hausner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Micha%C5%82kiewicz" title="Krzysztof Michałkiewicz">Krzysztof Michałkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Kalata" title="Anna Kalata">Anna Kalata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Kluzik-Rostkowska" title="Joanna Kluzik-Rostkowska">Joanna Kluzik-Rostkowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolanta_Fedak" title="Jolanta Fedak">Jolanta Fedak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Kosiniak-Kamysz" title="Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz">Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Rafalska" title="Elżbieta Rafalska">Elżbieta Rafalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BCena_Borys-Szopa" title="Bożena Borys-Szopa">Bożena Borys-Szopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlena_Mal%C4%85g" title="Marlena Maląg">Marlena Maląg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorota_Bojemska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorota Bojemska (page does not exist)">Dorota Bojemska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnieszka_Dziemianowicz-B%C4%85k" title="Agnieszka Dziemianowicz-Bąk">Agnieszka Dziemianowicz-Bąk</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Poland"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/50px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/75px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/100px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_Poland" title="Template:Ministers of the Interior of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Ministers of the Interior of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of the Interior of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_the_Interior_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_and_Administration_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior and Administration (Poland)">Ministers of the Interior of the Republic of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the Interior (1990–1996)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Kiszczak" title="Czesław Kiszczak">Czesław Kiszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Koz%C5%82owski" title="Krzysztof Kozłowski">Krzysztof Kozłowski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henryk_Majewski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henryk Majewski (page does not exist)">Henryk Majewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Macierewicz" title="Antoni Macierewicz">Antoni Macierewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Milczanowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrzej Milczanowski (page does not exist)">Andrzej Milczanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Konieczny" title="Jerzy Konieczny">Jerzy Konieczny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Siemi%C4%85tkowski" title="Zbigniew Siemiątkowski">Zbigniew Siemiątkowski</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/50px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/75px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/100px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the Interior and Administration (1997–2011)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leszek Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Tomaszewski" title="Janusz Tomaszewski">Janusz Tomaszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marek_Biernacki" title="Marek Biernacki">Marek Biernacki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Janik" title="Krzysztof Janik">Krzysztof Janik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Szmajdzi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Szmajdziński">Jerzy Szmajdziński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kalisz" title="Ryszard Kalisz">Ryszard Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Dorn" title="Ludwik Dorn">Ludwik Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Kaczmarek" title="Janusz Kaczmarek">Janusz Kaczmarek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Stasiak" title="Władysław Stasiak">Władysław Stasiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Schetyna" title="Grzegorz Schetyna">Grzegorz Schetyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Miller" title="Jerzy Miller">Jerzy Miller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the Interior (2011–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Cichocki" title="Jacek Cichocki">Jacek Cichocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart%C5%82omiej_Sienkiewicz" title="Bartłomiej Sienkiewicz">Bartłomiej Sienkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Piotrowska" title="Teresa Piotrowska">Teresa Piotrowska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of The Interior and Administration (2015–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariusz_B%C5%82aszczak" title="Mariusz Błaszczak">Mariusz Błaszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Brudzi%C5%84ski" title="Joachim Brudziński">Joachim Brudziński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Witek" title="Elżbieta Witek">Elżbieta Witek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariusz_Kami%C5%84ski" title="Mariusz Kamiński">Mariusz Kamiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Szefernaker" title="Paweł Szefernaker">Paweł Szefernaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcin_Kierwi%C5%84ski" title="Marcin Kierwiński">Marcin Kierwiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Siemoniak" title="Tomasz Siemoniak">Tomasz Siemoniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="Template:Prime ministers of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">Prime ministers of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a><br />(1807–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ma%C5%82achowski" title="Stanisław Małachowski">Małachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Szymon_Gutakowski" title="Ludwik Szymon Gutakowski">Gutakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Poniatowski</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Kostka_Potocki" title="Stanisław Kostka Potocki">Potocki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)">Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kucharzewski" title="Jan Kucharzewski">Kucharzewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Ponikowski" title="Antoni Ponikowski">Ponikowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kanty_Steczkowski" title="Jan Kanty Steczkowski">Kanty Steczkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awie%C5%BCy%C5%84ski" title="Józef Świeżyński">Świeżyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Wr%C3%B3blewski" title="Władysław Wróblewski">Wróblewski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Republic of Poland">Republic of Poland</a><br />(1918–1939)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Daszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drzej_Moraczewski" title="Jędrzej Moraczewski">Moraczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Skulski" title="Leopold Skulski">Skulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski" title="Władysław Grabski">Grabski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Witos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Ponikowski" title="Antoni Ponikowski">Ponikowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_%C5%9Aliwi%C5%84ski" title="Artur Śliwiński">Śliwiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Nowak" title="Julian Nowak">Nowak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski">Sikorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Witos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski" title="Władysław Grabski">Grabski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Skrzy%C5%84ski" title="Aleksander Skrzyński">Skrzyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Witos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel" title="Kazimierz Bartel">Bartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Piłsudski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel" title="Kazimierz Bartel">Bartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_%C5%9Awitalski" title="Kazimierz Świtalski">Świtalski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel" title="Kazimierz Bartel">Bartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Sławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Piłsudski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Sławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Prystor" title="Aleksander Prystor">Prystor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_J%C4%99drzejewicz" title="Janusz Jędrzejewicz">Jędrzejewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Koz%C5%82owski" title="Leon Kozłowski">Kozłowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Sławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Zyndram-Ko%C5%9Bcia%C5%82kowski" title="Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski">Zyndram-Kościałkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicjan_S%C5%82awoj_Sk%C5%82adkowski" title="Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski">Składkowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a><br />(1939–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski">Sikorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Mikołajczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Arciszewski" title="Tomasz Arciszewski">Arciszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_B%C3%B3r-Komorowski" title="Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski">Bór-Komorowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Tomaszewski_(Prime_Minister)" title="Tadeusz Tomaszewski (Prime Minister)">Tomaszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Odzierzy%C5%84ski" title="Roman Odzierzyński">Odzierzyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Hryniewski" title="Jerzy Hryniewski">Hryniewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Mackiewicz" title="Stanisław Mackiewicz">Mackiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugon_Hanke" title="Hugon Hanke">Hanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Paj%C4%85k" title="Antoni Pająk">Pająk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Zawisza" title="Aleksander Zawisza">Zawisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Muchniewski" title="Zygmunt Muchniewski">Muchniewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Urba%C5%84ski" title="Alfred Urbański">Urbański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat">Sabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Szczepanik" title="Edward Szczepanik">Szczepanik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a><br />(1944–1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Os%C3%B3bka-Morawski" title="Edward Osóbka-Morawski">Osóbka-Morawski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Cyrankiewicz" title="Józef Cyrankiewicz">Cyrankiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bierut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Cyrankiewicz" title="Józef Cyrankiewicz">Cyrankiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Jaroszewicz" title="Piotr Jaroszewicz">Jaroszewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Babiuch" title="Edward Babiuch">Babiuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%84kowski" title="Józef Pińkowski">Pińkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Jaruzelski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Messner" title="Zbigniew Messner">Messner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Rakowski" title="Mieczysław Rakowski">Rakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Kiszczak" title="Czesław Kiszczak">Kiszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Mazowiecki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Republic of Poland</a><br />(1990–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Krzysztof_Bielecki" title="Jan Krzysztof Bielecki">Bielecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Olszewski" title="Jan Olszewski">Olszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Pawlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Suchocka" title="Hanna Suchocka">Suchocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Pawlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Oleksy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Cimoszewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Buzek</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Belka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz" title="Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz">Marcinkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewa_Kopacz" title="Ewa Kopacz">Kopacz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beata_Szyd%C5%82o" title="Beata Szydło">Szydło</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Morawiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Democratic_Left_Alliance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SLDLeaders" title="Template:SLDLeaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SLDLeaders" title="Template talk:SLDLeaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SLDLeaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SLDLeaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Democratic_Left_Alliance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leszek Miller</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Janik" title="Krzysztof Janik">Krzysztof Janik</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Józef Oleksy</a> (2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Olejniczak" title="Wojciech Olejniczak">Wojciech Olejniczak</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Napieralski" title="Grzegorz Napieralski">Grzegorz Napieralski</a> (2008–2011)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leszek Miller</a> (2011–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Czarzasty" title="Włodzimierz Czarzasty">Włodzimierz Czarzasty</a> (2016–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Poland&#124;link=Poland_Current_Members_of_the_European_Parliament_from_Poland_(2019–2024)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_EP_Poland" title="Template:Current EP Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_EP_Poland" title="Template talk:Current EP Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_EP_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current EP Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Poland&#124;link=Poland_Current_Members_of_the_European_Parliament_from_Poland_(2019–2024)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding:0 4.5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Current <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a> from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (2019–2024)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Adamowicz" title="Magdalena Adamowicz">Adamowicz</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marek_Balt" title="Marek Balt">Balt</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Belka</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Biedro%C5%84" title="Robert Biedroń">Biedroń</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Bielan" title="Adam Bielan">Bielan</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Brejza" title="Krzysztof Brejza">Brejza</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Brudzi%C5%84ski" title="Joachim Brudziński">Brudziński</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Buzek</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Cimoszewicz</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Czarnecki" title="Ryszard Czarnecki">Czarnecki</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Duda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarosław Duda">Duda</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Fotyga" title="Anna Fotyga">Fotyga</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Frankowski" title="Tomasz Frankowski">Frankowski</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Halicki" title="Andrzej Halicki">Halicki</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuta_H%C3%BCbner" title="Danuta Hübner">Hübner</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patryk_Jaki" title="Patryk Jaki">Jaki</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Jarubas" title="Adam Jarubas">Jarubas</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Jurgiel" title="Krzysztof Jurgiel">Jurgiel</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kalinowski" title="Jarosław Kalinowski">Kalinowski</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Karpi%C5%84ski" title="Włodzimierz Karpiński">Karpiński</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Karski" title="Karol Karski">Karski</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beata_Kempa" title="Beata Kempa">Kempa</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izabela_Kloc" title="Izabela Kloc">Kloc</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Kohut" title="Łukasz Kohut">Kohut</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewa_Kopacz" title="Ewa Kopacz">Kopacz</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Kopci%C5%84ska" title="Joanna Kopcińska">Kopcińska</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw_Krasnod%C4%99bski_(sociologist)" title="Zdzisław Krasnodębski (sociologist)">Krasnodębski</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Kruk" title="Elżbieta Kruk">Kruk</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Legutko" title="Ryszard Legutko">Legutko</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Lewandowski" title="Janusz Lewandowski">Lewandowski</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogus%C5%82aw_Liberadzki" title="Bogusław Liberadzki">Liberadzki</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_%C5%81ukacijewska" title="Elżbieta Łukacijewska">Łukacijewska</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beata_Mazurek" title="Beata Mazurek">Mazurek</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miller</a> (S&D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/And%C5%BCelika_Mo%C5%BCd%C5%BCanowska" title="Andżelika Możdżanowska">Możdżanowska</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Ochojska" title="Janina Ochojska">Ochojska</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Olbrycht" title="Jan Olbrycht">Olbrycht</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Pahl" title="Witold Pahl">Pahl</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Por%C4%99ba" title="Tomasz Poręba">Poręba</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Rafalska" title="Elżbieta Rafalska">Rafalska</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Romanowski" title="Rafał Romanowski">Romanowski</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Rzo%C5%84ca" title="Bogdan Rzońca">Rzońca</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Saryusz-Wolski" title="Jacek Saryusz-Wolski">Saryusz-Wolski</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Radosław Sikorski">Sikorski</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylwia_Spurek" title="Sylwia Spurek">Spurek</a> (Greens–EFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beata_Szyd%C5%82o" title="Beata Szydło">Szydło</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominik_Tarczy%C5%84ski" title="Dominik Tarczyński">Tarczyński</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Thun" title="Róża Thun">Thun</a> (Renew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Tobiszowski" title="Grzegorz Tobiszowski">Tobiszowski</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Waszczykowski" title="Witold Waszczykowski">Waszczykowski</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadwiga_Wi%C5%9Bniewska" title="Jadwiga Wiśniewska">Wiśniewska</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Zalewska" title="Anna Zalewska">Zalewska</a> (ECR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosma_Z%C5%82otowski" title="Kosma Złotowski">Złotowski</a> (ECR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_List_of_members_of_the_Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats_(2019–2024)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EP_Political_Group_S%26D" title="Template:EP Political Group S&D"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EP_Political_Group_S%26D" title="Template talk:EP Political Group S&D"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EP_Political_Group_S%26D" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EP Political Group S&D"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_List_of_members_of_the_Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats_(2019–2024)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding:0 4.5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> List of members of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a> <span class="nowrap">(2019–2024)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Heide" title="Hannes Heide">Heide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Muigg" title="Theresa Muigg">Muigg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Regner" title="Evelyn Regner">Regner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Schieder" title="Andreas Schieder">Schieder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Sidl" title="Günther Sidl">Sidl</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Arena" title="Marie Arena">Arena</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Van_Brempt" title="Kathleen Van Brempt">Van Brempt</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Hristov" title="Ivo Hristov">Hristov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tsvetelina_Penkova" title="Tsvetelina Penkova">Penkova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Stanishev" title="Sergey Stanishev">Stanishev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Petar_Vitanov_(politician)" title="Petar Vitanov (politician)">Vitanov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elena_Yoncheva" title="Elena Yoncheva">Yoncheva</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biljana_Borzan" title="Biljana Borzan">Borzan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romana_Jerkovi%C4%87" title="Romana Jerković">Jerković</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Predrag_Mati%C4%87" title="Predrag Matić">Matić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonino_Picula" title="Tonino Picula">Picula</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Mavrides" title="Costas Mavrides">Mavrides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Papadakis" title="Dimitris Papadakis">Papadakis</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Czech Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radka_Maxov%C3%A1" title="Radka Maxová">Maxová</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Fuglsang" title="Niels Fuglsang">Fuglsang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christel_Schaldemose" title="Christel Schaldemose">Schaldemose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Vind" title="Marianne Vind">Vind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Estonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marina_Kaljurand" title="Marina Kaljurand">Kaljurand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sven_Mikser" title="Sven Mikser">Mikser</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Hein%C3%A4luoma" title="Eero Heinäluoma">Heinäluoma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miapetra_Kumpula-Natri" title="Miapetra Kumpula-Natri">Kumpula-Natri</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Clergeau" title="Christophe Clergeau">Clergeau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Durand" title="Pascal Durand">Durand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Glucksmann" title="Raphaël Glucksmann">Glucksmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Guillaume" title="Sylvie Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aurore_Lalucq" title="Aurore Lalucq">Lalucq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Larrouturou" title="Pierre Larrouturou">Larrouturou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nora_Mebarek" title="Nora Mebarek">Mebarek</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katarina_Barley" title="Katarina Barley">Barley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Bischoff" title="Gabriele Bischoff">Bischoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Udo_Bullmann" title="Udo Bullmann">Bullmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delara_Burkhardt" title="Delara Burkhardt">Burkhardt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jens_Geier" title="Jens Geier">Geier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Petra_Kammerevert" title="Petra Kammerevert">Kammerevert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_K%C3%B6ster" title="Dietmar Köster">Köster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constanze_Krehl" title="Constanze Krehl">Krehl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Lange" title="Bernd Lange">Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karsten_Lucke" title="Karsten Lucke">Lucke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Noichl" title="Maria Noichl">Noichl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Repasi" title="René Repasi">Repasi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rudner" title="Thomas Rudner">Rudner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Schuster" title="Joachim Schuster">Schuster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Birgit_Sippel" title="Birgit Sippel">Sippel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tiemo_W%C3%B6lken" title="Tiemo Wölken">Wölken</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Papandreou" title="Nikos Papandreou">Papandreou</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attila_Ara-Kov%C3%A1cs" title="Attila Ara-Kovács">Ara-Kovács</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A1ra_Dobrev" title="Klára Dobrev">Dobrev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Csaba_Moln%C3%A1r" title="Csaba Molnár">Molnár</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_R%C3%B3nai_(politician,_born_1988)" title="Sándor Rónai (politician, born 1988)">Rónai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Ujhelyi" title="István Ujhelyi">Ujhelyi</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Bartolo" title="Pietro Bartolo">Bartolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brando_Benifei" title="Brando Benifei">Benifei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Bresso" title="Mercedes Bresso">Bresso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_De_Castro" title="Paolo De Castro">Castro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Chinnici" title="Caterina Chinnici">Chinnici</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Covassi" title="Beatrice Covassi">Covassi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cozzolino" title="Andrea Cozzolino">Cozzolino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_Gualmini" title="Elisabetta Gualmini">Gualmini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Laureti" title="Camilla Laureti">Laureti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Moretti" title="Alessandra Moretti">Moretti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pina_Picierno" title="Pina Picierno">Picierno</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Pisapia" title="Giuliano Pisapia">Pisapia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Roberti" title="Franco Roberti">Roberti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Rondinelli" title="Daniela Rondinelli">Rondinelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Massimiliano_Smeriglio" title="Massimiliano Smeriglio">Smeriglio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irene_Tinagli" title="Irene Tinagli">Tinagli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrizia_Toia" title="Patrizia Toia">Toia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Achille_Variati" title="Achille Variati">Variati</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Latvia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andris_Ameriks" title="Andris Ameriks">Ameriks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nils_U%C5%A1akovs" title="Nils Ušakovs">Ušakovs</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Lithuania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vilija_Blinkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97" title="Vilija Blinkevičiūtė">Blinkevičiūtė</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Olekas" title="Juozas Olekas">Olekas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Luxembourg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Angel" title="Marc Angel">Angel</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josianne_Cutajar" title="Josianne Cutajar">Cutajar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Engerer" title="Cyrus Engerer">Engerer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Agius_Saliba" title="Alex Agius Saliba">Saliba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sant" title="Alfred Sant">Sant</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Chahim" title="Mohammed Chahim">Chahim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Jongerius" title="Agnes Jongerius">Jongerius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thijs_Reuten" title="Thijs Reuten">Reuten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tang_(politician)" title="Paul Tang (politician)">Tang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vera_Tax" title="Vera Tax">Tax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lara_Wolters" title="Lara Wolters">Wolters</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marek_Balt" title="Marek Balt">Balt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Belka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Biedro%C5%84" title="Robert Biedroń">Biedroń</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Cimoszewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Kohut" title="Łukasz Kohut">Kohut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bogus%C5%82aw_Liberadzki" title="Bogusław Liberadzki">Liberadzki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miller</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Albuquerque" title="João Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Carvalhais" title="Isabel Carvalhais">Carvalhais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Cerdas" title="Sara Cerdas">Cerdas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Manuel_Leit%C3%A3o_Marques" title="Maria Manuel Leitão Marques">Leitão</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Marques_(politician)" title="Pedro Marques (politician)">Marques</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margarida_Marques" title="Margarida Marques">Marques</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Silva_Pereira" title="Pedro Silva Pereira">Pereira</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Pizarro_(politician)" title="Manuel Pizarro (politician)">Pizarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Santos" title="Isabel Santos">Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Zorrinho" title="Carlos Zorrinho">Zorrinho</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Avram" title="Carmen Avram">Avram</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drago%C8%99_Benea" title="Dragoș Benea">Benea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Ciuhodaru" title="Tudor Ciuhodaru">Ciuhodaru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corina_Cre%C8%9Bu" title="Corina Crețu">Crețu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Grapini" title="Maria Grapini">Grapini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claudiu_Manda" title="Claudiu Manda">Manda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Negrescu" title="Victor Negrescu">Negrescu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Nica" title="Dan Nica">Nica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rovana_Plumb" title="Rovana Plumb">Plumb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Tudose" title="Mihai Tudose">Tudose</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Slovakia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monika_Be%C5%88ov%C3%A1" title="Monika Beňová">Beňová</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_Haj%C5%A1el" title="Róbert Hajšel">Hajšel</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milan_Brglez" title="Milan Brglez">Brglez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matja%C5%BE_Nemec" title="Matjaž Nemec">Nemec</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_S%C3%A1nchez_Amor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacio Sánchez Amor">Amor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ballarin_Cereza" title="Laura Ballarin Cereza">Ballarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iban_Garc%C3%ADa_del_Blanco" title="Iban García del Blanco">Blanco</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Casares" title="Nicolás González Casares">Casares</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A8nec_Ruiz_Devesa" title="Domènec Ruiz Devesa">Devesa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Javi_L%C3%B3pez_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Javi López Fernández">J. L. Fernández</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon%C3%A1s_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Jonás Fernández">J. Fernández</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estrella_Dur%C3%A1_Ferrandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrella Durá Ferrandis">Ferrandis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lina_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Lina Gálvez">Gálvez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">I. García</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clara_Aguilera_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Clara Aguilera García">C. A. García</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eider_Gardiazabal" title="Eider Gardiazabal">Gardiazabal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Homs_Ginel" title="Alicia Homs Ginel">Ginel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nica_Silvana_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Mónica Silvana González">González</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adriana_Maldonado_L%C3%B3pez" title="Adriana Maldonado López">López</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fernando_L%C3%B3pez_Aguilar" title="Juan Fernando López Aguilar">López Aguilar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Luena" title="César Luena">Luena</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Maestre" title="Cristina Maestre">Maestre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Moreno_(politician)" title="Javier Moreno (politician)">Moreno</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Garc%C3%ADa_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Isabel García Muñoz">Muñoz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inmaculada_Rodr%C3%ADguez-Pi%C3%B1ero" title="Inmaculada Rodríguez-Piñero">Rodríguez-Piñero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Ros_Sempere" title="Marcos Ros Sempere">Sempere</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ilan_de_Basso" title="Ilan de Basso">De Basso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hel%C3%A9ne_Fritzon" title="Heléne Fritzon">Fritzon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Glanzelius" title="Linus Glanzelius">Glanzelius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evin_Incir" title="Evin Incir">Incir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carina_Ohlsson" title="Carina Ohlsson">Ohlsson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55782#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55782#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55782#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124259081">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001088944">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167226284">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167226284">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js2014824012&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810560228605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007391574405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/197540">MEP directory</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124259081.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124259081">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&oldid=1243672858">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Miller&oldid=1243672858</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1946_births" title="Category:1946 births">1946 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w" title="Category:People from Żyrardów">People from Żyrardów</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Left_Alliance_politicians" title="Category:Democratic Left Alliance politicians">Democratic Left Alliance politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Interior_ministers_of_Poland" title="Category:Interior ministers of Poland">Interior ministers of Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Polish_Sejm_1991%E2%80%931993" title="Category:Members of the Polish Sejm 1991–1993">Members of the Polish Sejm 1991–1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Polish_Sejm_1993%E2%80%931997" title="Category:Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997">Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Polish_Sejm_1997%E2%80%932001" title="Category:Members of the Polish Sejm 1997–2001">Members of the Polish Sejm 1997–2001</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Polish_Sejm_2001%E2%80%932005" title="Category:Members of the Polish Sejm 2001–2005">Members of the Polish Sejm 2001–2005</a></li><li><a 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