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interferential current</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: interferential current"> <meta name="keywords" content="interferential current"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="interferential current"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8981</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: interferential current</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8981</span> Depth of Penetration and Nature of Interferential Current in Cutaneous, Subcutaneous and Muscle Tissues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Beatti">A. Beatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Chipchase"> L. Chipchase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rayner"> A. Rayner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Souvlis"> T. Souvlis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of this study were to investigate the depth of interferential current (IFC) penetration through soft tissue and to investigate the area over which IFC spreads during clinical application. Premodulated IFC and ‘true’ IFC at beat frequencies of 4, 40 and 90Hz were applied via four electrodes to the distal medial thigh of 15 healthy subjects. The current was measured via three Teflon coated fine needle electrodes that were inserted into the superficial layer of skin, then into the subcutaneous tissue (≈1 cm deep) and then into muscle tissue (≈2 cm deep). The needle electrodes were placed in the middle of the four IFC electrodes, between two channels and outside the four electrodes. Readings were taken at each tissue depth from each electrode during each treatment frequency then digitized and stored for analysis. All voltages were greater at all depths and locations than baseline (p < 0.01) and voltages decreased with depth (P=0.039). Lower voltages of all currents were recorded in the middle of the four electrodes with the highest voltage being recorded outside the four electrodes in all depths (P=0.000).For each frequency of ‘true’ IFC, the voltage was higher in the superficial layer outside the electrodes (P ≤ 0.01).Premodulated had higher voltages along the line of one circuit (P ≤ 0.01). Clinically, IFC appears to pass through skin layers to depth and is more efficient than premodulated IFC when targeting muscle tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrotherapy" title="electrotherapy">electrotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferential%20current" title=" interferential current"> interferential current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferential%20therapy" title=" interferential therapy"> interferential therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20frequency%20current" title=" medium frequency current"> medium frequency current</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20986/depth-of-penetration-and-nature-of-interferential-current-in-cutaneous-subcutaneous-and-muscle-tissues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8980</span> Compensation of Cable Attenuation in Step Current Generators to Enable the Convolution Method for Calibration of Current Transducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Treyer">P. Treyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kujda"> M. Kujda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Urs"> H. Urs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to digitally compensate for the apparent discharge time constant of the coaxial cable so that the current step response is flat and can be used to calibrate current transducers using the convolution method. For proper use of convolution, the step response record length is required to be at least the same as the waveform duration to be evaluated. The current step generator based on the cable discharge is compared to the Blumlein generator. Moreover, the influence of each component of the system on the performance of the step is described, which allows building the appropriate measurement set-up. In the end, the calibration of current viewing resistors dedicated to high current impulse is computed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blumlein%20generator" title="Blumlein generator">Blumlein generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20attenuation" title=" cable attenuation"> cable attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolution" title=" convolution"> convolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20step%20generator" title=" current step generator"> current step generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130233/compensation-of-cable-attenuation-in-step-current-generators-to-enable-the-convolution-method-for-calibration-of-current-transducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8979</span> Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Transformer-Less AC-DC LED Driver with Current Ripple Canceller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasunori%20Kobori">Yasunori Kobori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Quan"> Li Quan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu%20Wu"> Shu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizam%20Mohyar"> Nizam Mohyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zachary%20Nosker"> Zachary Nosker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Tsukiji"> Nobukazu Tsukiji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Takai"> Nobukazu Takai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruo%20Kobayashi"> Haruo Kobayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an electrolytic capacitor-less transformer-less AC-DC LED driver with a current ripple canceller. The proposed LED driver includes a diode bridge, a buck-boost converter, a negative feedback controller and a current ripple cancellation circuit. The current ripple canceller works as a bi-directional current converter using a sub-inductor, a sub-capacitor and two switches for controlling current flow. LED voltage is controlled in order to regulate LED current by the negative feedback controller using a current sense resistor. There are two capacitors which capacitance of 5 uF. We describe circuit topologies, operation principles and simulation results for our proposed circuit. In addition, we show the line regulation for input voltage variation from 85V to 130V. The output voltage ripple is 2V and the LED current ripple is 65 mA which is less than 20% of the typical current of 350 mA. We are now making the proposed circuit on a universal board in order to measure the experimental characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED%20driver" title="LED driver">LED driver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolytic" title=" electrolytic"> electrolytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor-less" title=" capacitor-less"> capacitor-less</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC-DC%20converter" title=" AC-DC converter"> AC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buck-boost%20converter" title=" buck-boost converter"> buck-boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20ripple%20canceller" title=" current ripple canceller "> current ripple canceller </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7454/electrolytic-capacitor-less-transformer-less-ac-dc-led-driver-with-current-ripple-canceller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8978</span> Single-Inductor Multi-Output Converters with Four-Level Output Voltages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasunori%20Kobori">Yasunori Kobori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murong%20Li"> Murong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Zhao"> Feng Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu%20Wu"> Shu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Takai"> Nobukazu Takai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruo%20Kobayashi"> Haruo Kobayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an electrolytic capacitor-less transformer-less AC-DC LED driver with a current ripple canceller. The proposed LED driver includes a diode bridge, a buck-boost converter, a negative feedback controller and a current ripple cancellation circuit. The current ripple canceller works as a bi-directional current converter using a sub-inductor, a sub-capacitor and two switches for controlling current flow. LED voltage is controlled in order to regulate LED current by the negative feedback controller using a current sense resistor. There are two capacitors with capacitance of 5 uF. We describe circuit topologies, operation principles and simulation results for our proposed circuit. In addition, we show the line regulation for input voltage variation from 85V to 130V. The output voltage ripple is 2V and the LED current ripple is 65 mA which is less than 20% of the average of LED current of 350 mA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20buck%20converter" title="DC-DC buck converter">DC-DC buck converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four-level%20output%20voltage" title=" four-level output voltage"> four-level output voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20inductor%20multi%20output%20%28SIMO%29" title=" single inductor multi output (SIMO)"> single inductor multi output (SIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20converter" title=" switching converter "> switching converter </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9207/single-inductor-multi-output-converters-with-four-level-output-voltages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8977</span> A Three Phase Shunt Active Power Filter for Currents Harmonics Elimination and Reactive Power Compensation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Omeiri">Amar Omeiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a three-phase shunt active power filter for current harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation using the supply current as reference. The proposed APF has a simple control circuit; it consists of detecting the supply current instead of the load current. The advantages of this APF are simplicity of control circuits and low implementation cost. The simulation results show that the proposed APF can compensate the reactive power and suppress current harmonics with two types of non-linear loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20power%20filter" title="active power filter">active power filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20harmonics%20and%20reactive%20power%20compensation" title=" current harmonics and reactive power compensation"> current harmonics and reactive power compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM%20inverter" title=" PWM inverter"> PWM inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Total%20Harmonic%20Distortion" title=" Total Harmonic Distortion"> Total Harmonic Distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title=" power quality"> power quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23921/a-three-phase-shunt-active-power-filter-for-currents-harmonics-elimination-and-reactive-power-compensation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8976</span> Load Characteristics of Improved Howland Current Pump for Bio-Impedance Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Weijie">Zhao Weijie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Xinjian"> Lin Xinjian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Xiaojuan"> Liu Xiaojuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lihua"> Li Lihua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Howland current pump is widely used in bio-impedance measurement. Much attention has been focused on the output impedance of the Howland circuit. Here we focus on the maximum load of the Howland source and discuss the relationship between the circuit parameters at maximum load. We conclude that the signal input terminal of the feedback resistor should be as large as possible, but that the current-limiting resistor should be smaller. The op-amp saturation voltage should also be high. The bandwidth of the circuit is proportional to the bandwidth of the op-amp. The Howland current pump was simulated using multisim12. When the AD8066AR was selected as the op-amp, the maximum load was 11.5 kΩ, and the Howland current pump had a stable output ipp to 2mAp up to 200 kHz. However, with an OPA847 op-amp and a load of 6.3 kΩ, the output current was also stable, and the frequency was as high as 3 MHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-impedance" title="bio-impedance">bio-impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20Howland%20current%20pump" title=" improved Howland current pump"> improved Howland current pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20characteristics" title=" load characteristics"> load characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioengineering" title=" bioengineering"> bioengineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3294/load-characteristics-of-improved-howland-current-pump-for-bio-impedance-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8975</span> Power Reduction of Hall-Effect Sensor by Pulse Width Modulation of Spinning-Current</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungil%20Chae">Hyungil Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents a method to reduce spinning current of a Hall-effect sensor for low-power magnetic sensor applications. Spinning current of a Hall-effect sensor changes the direction of bias current periodically and can separate signals from DC-offset. The bias current is proportional to the sensor sensitivity but also increases the power consumption. To achieve both high sensitivity and low power consumption, the bias current can be pulse-width modulated. When the bias current duration Tb is reduced by a factor of N compared to the spinning current period of Tₛ/2, the total power consumption can be saved by N times. N can be large as long as the Hall-effect sensor settles down within Tb. The proposed scheme is implemented and simulated in a 0.18um CMOS process, and the power saving factor is 9.6 when N is 10. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (20160001360022003, Development of Hall Semi-conductor for Smart Car and Device). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chopper%20stabilization" title="chopper stabilization">chopper stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall-effect%20sensor" title=" Hall-effect sensor"> Hall-effect sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" pulse width modulation"> pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinning%20current" title=" spinning current"> spinning current</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83742/power-reduction-of-hall-effect-sensor-by-pulse-width-modulation-of-spinning-current" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8974</span> The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Current Account Deficit: The Turkish Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Sel%C3%A7uk">E. Selçuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Kara%C3%A7or"> Z. Karaçor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Yard%C4%B1mc%C4%B1"> P. Yardımcı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trade liberalization and its effects on the economies of developing countries have been investigated by many different studies, and some of them have focused on its impact on the current account balance. Turkey, as being one of the countries, which has liberalized its foreign trade in the 1980s, also needs to be studied in terms of the impact of liberalization on current account deficits. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out whether trade liberalization has affected Turkey’s trade and current account balances. In order to determine this, yearly data of Turkey from 1980 to 2013 is used. As liberalization dummy, the year 1989, which was set for Turkey, is selected. Structural break test and model estimation results show that trade liberalization has a negative impact on trade balance but do not have a significant impact on the current account balance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=budget%20deficit" title="budget deficit">budget deficit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberalization" title=" liberalization"> liberalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20economy" title=" Turkish economy"> Turkish economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20account" title=" current account"> current account</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37704/the-impact-of-trade-liberalization-on-current-account-deficit-the-turkish-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8973</span> Harmonic Distortion Caused by Electric Bus Battery Charger in Alexandria Distribution System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elhosieny%20Aly%20Ismail">Mohamed Elhosieny Aly Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper illustrates the total voltage and current harmonic distortion impact caused by fast-charging an electric bus and maintaining standard limit compliance. Measuring the current harmonic level in the range of 2 kHz-9 kHz. Also, the impact of the total demand distortions current caused by fast charger electric bus on the utility by measuring at the point of common coupling and comparing the measurement with IEEE519 -2014 standard. The results show that the total harmonic current distortion for the charger is within the limits of IEC 61000-3-12 and the fifth harmonic current was the most dominant frequency then the seventh harmonic current. The harmonic current in the range of 2 kHz- 9 kHz shows the frequency 5.1kHz is the most dominant frequency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE519-2014" title=" IEEE519-2014"> IEEE519-2014</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEC%2061000-3-12" title=" IEC 61000-3-12"> IEC 61000-3-12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" super harmonic distortion"> super harmonic distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177738/harmonic-distortion-caused-by-electric-bus-battery-charger-in-alexandria-distribution-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8972</span> Independent Control over Surface Charge and Wettability Using Polyelectrolyte Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanshan%20Guo">Shanshan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoying%20Zhu"> Xiaoying Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominik%20Ja%C5%84czewski"> Dominik Jańczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koon%20Gee%20Neoh"> Koon Gee Neoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface charge and wettability are two prominent physical factors governing cell adhesion and have been extensively studied in the literature. However, a comparison between the two driving forces in terms of their independent and cooperative effects in affecting cell adhesion is rarely explored on a systematic and quantitative level. Herein, we formulate a protocol which allows two-dimensional and independent control over both surface charge and wettability. This protocol enables the unambiguous comparison of the effects of these two properties on cell adhesion. This strategy is implemented by controlling both the relative thickness of polyion layers in the layer-by-layer assembly and the polyion side chain chemical structures. The 2D property matrix spans surface isoelectric point ranging from 5 to 9 and water contact angle from 35º to 70º, with other interferential factors (e.g. roughness) eliminated. The interplay between these two surface variables influences 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion. The results show that both surface charge and wettability have an effect on its adhesion. The combined effects of positive charge and hydrophilicity led to the highest cell adhesion whereas negative charge and hydrophobicity led to the lowest cell adhesion. Our design strategy can potentially form the basis for studying the distinct behaviors of electrostatic force or wettability driven interfacial phenomena and serving as a reference in future studies assessing cell adhesion to surfaces with known charge and wettability within the property range studied here. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20adhesion" title="cell adhesion">cell adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer" title=" layer-by-layer"> layer-by-layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20charge" title=" surface charge"> surface charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20wettability" title=" surface wettability"> surface wettability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57245/independent-control-over-surface-charge-and-wettability-using-polyelectrolyte-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8971</span> Design, Analysis and Construction of a 250vac 8amps Arc Welding Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Okechukwu%20Ifediniru">Anthony Okechukwu Ifediniru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austin%20Ikechukwu%20Gbasouzor"> Austin Ikechukwu Gbasouzor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isidore%20Uche%20Uju"> Isidore Uche Uju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article is centered on the design, analysis, construction, and test of a locally made arc welding machine that operates on 250vac with 8 amp output taps ranging from 60vac to 250vac at a fixed frequency, which is of benefit to urban areas; while considering its cost-effectiveness, strength, portability, and mobility. The welding machine uses a power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the metal at the welding point. A current selector coil needed for current selection is connected to the primary winding. Electric power is supplied to the primary winding of its transformer and is transferred to the secondary winding by induction. The voltage and current output of the secondary winding are connected to the output terminal, which is used to carry out welding work. The output current of the machine ranges from 110amps for low current welding to 250amps for high current welding. The machine uses a step-down transformer configuration for stepping down the voltage in order to obtain a high current level for effective welding. The welder can adjust the output current within a certain range. This allows the welder to properly set the output current for the type of welding that is being performed. The constructed arc welding machine was tested by connecting the work piece to it. Since there was no shock or spark from the transformer’s laminated core and was successfully used to join metals, it confirmed and validated the design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20current" title="AC current">AC current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc%20welding%20machine" title=" arc welding machine"> arc welding machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20current" title=" DC current"> DC current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title=" transformer"> transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welds" title=" welds"> welds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125450/design-analysis-and-construction-of-a-250vac-8amps-arc-welding-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8970</span> Design of a Hand-Held, Clamp-on, Leakage Current Sensor for High Voltage Direct Current Insulators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morn%C3%A9%20Roman">Morné Roman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20van%20Zyl"> Robert van Zyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishanth%20Parus"> Nishanth Parus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishal%20Mahatho"> Nishal Mahatho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leakage current monitoring for high voltage transmission line insulators is of interest as a performance indicator. Presently, to the best of our knowledge, there is no commercially available, clamp-on type, non-intrusive device for measuring leakage current on energised high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line insulators. The South African power utility, Eskom, is investigating the development of such a hand-held sensor for two important applications; first, for continuous real-time condition monitoring of HVDC line insulators and, second, for use by live line workers to determine if it is safe to work on energised insulators. In this paper, a DC leakage current sensor based on magnetic field sensing techniques is developed. The magnetic field sensor used in the prototype can also detect alternating current up to 5 MHz. The DC leakage current prototype detects the magnetic field associated with the current flowing on the surface of the insulator. Preliminary HVDC leakage current measurements are performed on glass insulators. The results show that the prototype can accurately measure leakage current in the specified current range of 1-200 mA. The influence of external fields from the HVDC line itself on the leakage current measurements is mitigated through a differential magnetometer sensing technique. Thus, the developed sensor can perform measurements on in-service HVDC insulators. The research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a sensor to measure leakage current on energised HVDC insulators non-intrusively. This sensor can also be used by live line workers to inform them whether or not it is safe to perform maintenance on energized insulators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20current" title="direct current">direct current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulator" title=" insulator"> insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20current" title=" leakage current"> leakage current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=live%20line" title=" live line"> live line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20lines" title=" transmission lines"> transmission lines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97695/design-of-a-hand-held-clamp-on-leakage-current-sensor-for-high-voltage-direct-current-insulators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8969</span> A 5-V to 30-V Current-Mode Boost Converter with Integrated Current Sensor and Power-on Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Yu">Jun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yat-Hei%20Lam"> Yat-Hei Lam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20Grinberg"> Boris Grinberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Chai%20Tshun%20Chuan"> Kevin Chai Tshun Chuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a 5-V to 30-V current-mode boost converter for powering the drive circuit of a micro-electro-mechanical sensor. The design of a transconductance amplifier and an integrated current sensing circuit are presented. In addition, essential building blocks for power-on protection such as a soft-start and clamp block and supply and clock ready block are discussed in details. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the soft-start and clamp block can effectively limit the inrush current during startup and protect the boost converter from startup failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20converter" title="boost converter">boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20sensing" title=" current sensing"> current sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-on%20protection" title=" power-on protection"> power-on protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step-up%20converter" title=" step-up converter"> step-up converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft-start" title=" soft-start"> soft-start</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37877/a-5-v-to-30-v-current-mode-boost-converter-with-integrated-current-sensor-and-power-on-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1019</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8968</span> Corrosion Evaluation of Zinc Coating Prepared by Two Types of Electric Currents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sajjadnejad">M. Sajjadnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Karimi%20Abadeh"> H. Karimi Abadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, zinc coatings were fabricated by electroplating process in a sulfate solution under direct and pulse current conditions. In direct and pulse current conditions, effect of maximum current was investigated on the coating properties. Also a comparison was made between the obtained coatings under direct and pulse current. Morphology of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Corrosion behavior of the coatings was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization test. In pulse current conditions, the effect of pulse frequency and duty cycle was also studied. The effect of these conditions and parameters were also investigated on morphology and corrosion behavior. All of DC plated coatings are showing a distinct passivation area in -1 to -0.4 V range. Pulsed current coatings possessed a higher corrosion resistance. The results showed that current density is the most important factor regarding the fabrication process. Furthermore, a rise in duty cycle deteriorated corrosion resistance of coatings. Pulsed plated coatings performed almost 10 times better than DC plated coatings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duty%20cycle" title=" duty cycle"> duty cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20current" title=" pulsed current"> pulsed current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111558/corrosion-evaluation-of-zinc-coating-prepared-by-two-types-of-electric-currents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8967</span> Close Loop Controlled Current Nerve Locator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Alzomor">H. A. Alzomor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Ouda"> B. K. Ouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Eldeib"> A. M. Eldeib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Successful regional anesthesia depends upon precise location of the peripheral nerve or nerve plexus. Locating peripheral nerves is preferred to be done using nerve stimulation. In order to generate a nerve impulse by electrical means, a minimum threshold stimulus of current “rheobase” must be applied to the nerve. The technique depends on stimulating muscular twitching at a close distance to the nerve without actually touching it. Success rate of this operation depends on the accuracy of current intensity pulses used for stimulation. In this paper, we will discuss a circuit and algorithm for closed loop control for the current, theoretical analysis and test results and compare them with previous techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Close%20Loop%20Control%20%28CLC%29" title="Close Loop Control (CLC)">Close Loop Control (CLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20current" title=" constant current"> constant current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20locator" title=" nerve locator"> nerve locator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheobase" title=" rheobase"> rheobase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2622/close-loop-controlled-current-nerve-locator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8966</span> PSRR Enhanced LDO Regulator Using Noise Sensing Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-ju%20Kwon">Min-ju Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chae-won%20Kim"> Chae-won Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-yun%20Seo"> Jeong-yun Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-guk%20Chae"> Hee-guk Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-seo%20Koo"> Yong-seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we presented the LDO (low-dropout) regulator which enhanced the PSRR by applying the constant current source generation technique through the BGR (Band Gap Reference) to form the noise sensing circuit. The current source through the BGR has a constant current value even if the applied voltage varies. Then, the noise sensing circuit, which is composed of the current source through the BGR, operated between the error amplifier and the pass transistor gate of the LDO regulator. As a result, the LDO regulator has a PSRR of -68.2 dB at 1k Hz, -45.85 dB at 1 MHz and -45 dB at 10 MHz. the other performance of the proposed LDO was maintained at the same level of the conventional LDO regulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDO%20regulator" title="LDO regulator">LDO regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20sensing%20circuit" title=" noise sensing circuit"> noise sensing circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20reference" title=" current reference"> current reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pass%20transistor" title=" pass transistor"> pass transistor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78192/psrr-enhanced-ldo-regulator-using-noise-sensing-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8965</span> Current Issues on Enterprise Architecture Implementation Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Nikpay">Fatemeh Nikpay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodina%20Binti%20Ahmad"> Rodina Binti Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Darvish%20Rouhani"> Babak Darvish Rouhani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enterprise Architecture (EA) is employed by enterprises for providing integrated Information Systems (ISs) in order to support alignment of their business and Information Technology (IT). Evaluation of EA implementation can support enterprise to reach intended goals. There are some problems in current evaluation methods of EA implementation that lead to ineffectiveness implementation of EA. This paper represents current issues on evaluation of EA implementation. In this regard, we set the framework in order to represent evaluation’s issues based on their functionality and structure. The results of this research not only increase the knowledge of evaluation, but also could be useful for both academics and practitioners in order to realize the current situation of evaluations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20issues%20on%20EA%20implementation%20evaluation" title="current issues on EA implementation evaluation">current issues on EA implementation evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20of%20enterprise%20architecture%20implementation" title=" evaluation of enterprise architecture implementation"> evaluation of enterprise architecture implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21274/current-issues-on-enterprise-architecture-implementation-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8964</span> Equivalent Circuit Model for the Eddy Current Damping with Frequency-Dependence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiguo%20Shi">Zhiguo Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Ning%20Loong"> Cheng Ning Loong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiazeng%20Shan"> Jiazeng Shan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weichao%20Wu">Weichao Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposes an equivalent circuit model to simulate the eddy current damping force with shaking table tests and finite element modeling. The model is firstly proposed and applied to a simple eddy current damper, which is modelled in ANSYS, indicating that the proposed model can simulate the eddy current damping force under different types of excitations. Then, a non-contact and friction-free eddy current damper is designed and tested, and the proposed model can reproduce the experimental observations. The excellent agreement between the simulated results and the experimental data validates the accuracy and reliability of the equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, a more complicated model is performed in ANSYS to verify the feasibility of the equivalent circuit model in complex eddy current damper, and the higher-order fractional model and viscous model are adopted for comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20circuit%20model" title="equivalent circuit model">equivalent circuit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eddy%20current%20damping" title=" eddy current damping"> eddy current damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shake%20table%20test" title=" shake table test"> shake table test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119732/equivalent-circuit-model-for-the-eddy-current-damping-with-frequency-dependence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8963</span> Analyzing Current Transformers Saturation Characteristics for Different Connected Burden Using LabVIEW Data Acquisition Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Subedi">D. Subedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pradhan"> S. Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current transformers are an integral part of power system because it provides a proportional safe amount of current for protection and measurement applications. However when the power system experiences an abnormal situation leading to huge current flow, then this huge current is proportionally injected to the protection and metering circuit. Since the protection and metering equipment’s are designed to withstand only certain amount of current with respect to time, these high currents pose a risk to man and equipment. Therefore during such instances, the CT saturation characteristics have a huge influence on the safety of both man and equipment and also on the reliability of the protection and metering system. This paper shows the effect of burden on the Accuracy Limiting factor/ Instrument security factor of current transformers and also the change in saturation characteristics of the CT’s. The response of the CT to varying levels of overcurrent at different connected burden will be captured using the data acquisition software LabVIEW. Analysis is done on the real time data gathered using LabVIEW. Variation of current transformer saturation characteristics with changes in burden will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy%20limiting%20factor" title="accuracy limiting factor">accuracy limiting factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burden" title=" burden"> burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20transformer" title=" current transformer"> current transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20security%20factor" title=" instrument security factor"> instrument security factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20characteristics" title=" saturation characteristics"> saturation characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37462/analyzing-current-transformers-saturation-characteristics-for-different-connected-burden-using-labview-data-acquisition-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8962</span> Characterization of the in 0.53 Ga 0.47 as n+nn+ Photodetectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Mahi">Fatima Zohra Mahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Varani"> Luca Varani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present an analytical model for the calculation of the sensitivity, the spectral current noise and the detectivity for an optically illuminated In0.53Ga0.47As n+nn+ diode. The photocurrent due to the excess carrier is obtained by solving the continuity equation. Moreover, the current noise level is evaluated at room temperature and under a constant voltage applied between the diode terminals. The analytical calculation of the current noise in the n+nn+ structure is developed. The responsivity and the detectivity are discussed as functions of the doping concentrations and the emitter layer thickness in one-dimensional homogeneous n+nn+ structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detectivity" title="detectivity">detectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodetectors" title=" photodetectors"> photodetectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuity%20equation" title=" continuity equation"> continuity equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20noise" title=" current noise"> current noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13905/characterization-of-the-in-053-ga-047-as-nnn-photodetectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">643</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8961</span> Core Loss Influence on MTPA Current Vector Variation of Synchronous Reluctance Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huai-Cong%20Liu">Huai-Cong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Chul%20Jeong"> Tae Chul Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20Lee"> Ju Lee </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to develop an electric circuit method (ECM) to ascertain the core loss influence on a Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) in the condition of the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA). SynRM for fan usually operates on the constant torque region, at synchronous speed the MTPA control is adopted due to current vector. However, finite element analysis (FEA) program is not sufficient exactly to reflect how the core loss influenced on the current vector. This paper proposed a method to calculate the current vector with consideration of core loss. The precision of current vector by ECM is useful for MTPA control. The result shows that ECM analysis is closer to the actual motor’s characteristics by testing with a 7.5kW SynRM drive System. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20loss" title="core loss">core loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SynRM" title=" SynRM"> SynRM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20vector" title=" current vector"> current vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20saturation" title=" magnetic saturation"> magnetic saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20torque%20per%20ampere%20%28MTPA%29" title=" maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)"> maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25312/core-loss-influence-on-mtpa-current-vector-variation-of-synchronous-reluctance-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8960</span> First Order Filter Based Current-Mode Sinusoidal Oscillators Using Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (CDTAs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Summart">S. Summart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Saetiaw"> C. Saetiaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Thosdeekoraphat"> T. Thosdeekoraphat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Thongsopa"> C. Thongsopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents new current-mode oscillator circuits using CDTAs which is designed from block diagram. The proposed circuits consist of two CDTAs and two grounded capacitors. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation can be adjusted by electronic method. The circuits have high output impedance and use only grounded capacitors without any external resistor which is very appropriate to future development into an integrated circuit. The results of PSPICE simulation program are corresponding to the theoretical analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-mode" title="current-mode">current-mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20oscillator" title=" quadrature oscillator"> quadrature oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20diagram" title=" block diagram"> block diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDTA" title=" CDTA"> CDTA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8914/first-order-filter-based-current-mode-sinusoidal-oscillators-using-current-differencing-transconductance-amplifiers-cdtas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8959</span> The Effect of the Thermal Temperature and Injected Current on Laser Diode 808 nm Output Power</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20H.%20Abuelhassan">Hassan H. Abuelhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ali%20Badawi"> M. Ali Badawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrahman%20A.%20Elbadawi"> Abdelrahman A. Elbadawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20A.%20Elbashir"> Adam A. Elbashir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of the injected current and temperature into the output power of the laser diode module operating at 808nm were applied, studied and discussed. Low power diode laser was employed as a source. The experimental results were demonstrated and then the output power of laser diode module operating at 808nm was clearly changed by the thermal temperature and injected current. The output power increases by the increasing the injected current and temperature. We also showed that the increasing of the injected current results rising in heat, which also, results into decreasing of the laser diode output power during the highest temperature as well. The best ranges of characteristics made by diode module operating at 808nm were carefully handled and determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20diode" title="laser diode">laser diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20amplification" title=" light amplification"> light amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injected%20current" title=" injected current"> injected current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output%20power" title=" output power"> output power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49324/the-effect-of-the-thermal-temperature-and-injected-current-on-laser-diode-808-nm-output-power" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8958</span> Electrodermal Activity Measurement Using Constant Current AC Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Chacha">Cristian Chacha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Asiain"> David Asiain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jes%C3%BAs%20Ponce%20de%20Le%C3%B3n"> Jesús Ponce de León</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Ram%C3%B3n%20Beltr%C3%A1n"> José Ramón Beltrán</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work explores and characterizes the behavior of the AFE AD5941 in impedance measurement using an embedded algorithm with a constant current AC source. The main aim of this research is to improve the exact measurement of impedance values for their application in EDA-focused wearable devices. Through comprehensive study and characterization, it has been observed that employing a measurement sequence with a constant current source produces results with increased dispersion but higher accuracy. As a result, this approach leads to a more accurate system for impedance measurement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDA" title="EDA">EDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20current%20AC%20source" title=" constant current AC source"> constant current AC source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable" title=" wearable"> wearable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision" title=" precision"> precision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance" title=" impedance"> impedance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168848/electrodermal-activity-measurement-using-constant-current-ac-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8957</span> Effect of Current Density, Temperature and Pressure on Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser Stack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Li">Na Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Simon%20Araya"> Samuel Simon Araya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%B8ren%20Knudsen%20K%C3%A6r"> Søren Knudsen Kær</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effects of operating parameters of different current density, temperature and pressure on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis stack. A 7-cell PEM water electrolysis stack was assembled and tested under different operation modules. The voltage change and polarization curves under different test conditions, namely current density, temperature and pressure, were recorded. Results show that higher temperature has positive effect on overall stack performance, where temperature of 80 ℃ improved the cell performance greatly. However, the cathode pressure and current density has little effect on stack performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEM%20electrolysis%20stack" title="PEM electrolysis stack">PEM electrolysis stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title=" current density"> current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131951/effect-of-current-density-temperature-and-pressure-on-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolyser-stack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8956</span> Analyzing Current Transformer’s Transient and Steady State Behavior for Different Burden’s Using LabVIEW Data Acquisition Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Subedi">D. Subedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Sharma"> D. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current transformers (CTs) are used to transform large primary currents to a small secondary current. Since most standard equipment’s are not designed to handle large primary currents the CTs have an important part in any electrical system for the purpose of Metering and Protection both of which are integral in Power system. Now a days due to advancement in solid state technology, the operation times of the protective relays have come to a few cycles from few seconds. Thus, in such a scenario it becomes important to study the transient response of the current transformers as it will play a vital role in the operating of the protective devices. This paper shows the steady state and transient behavior of current transformers and how it changes with change in connected burden. The transient and steady state response will be captured using the data acquisition software LabVIEW. Analysis is done on the real time data gathered using LabVIEW. Variation of current transformer characteristics with changes in burden will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy%20limiting%20factor" title=" accuracy limiting factor"> accuracy limiting factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burden" title=" burden"> burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20transformer" title=" current transformer"> current transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20security%20factor" title=" instrument security factor"> instrument security factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8759/analyzing-current-transformers-transient-and-steady-state-behavior-for-different-burdens-using-labview-data-acquisition-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8955</span> Numerical Study for the Estimation of Hydrodynamic Current Drag Coefficients for the Colombian Navy Frigates Using Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Gracia">Mauricio Gracia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Leal"> Luis Leal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Verma"> Bharat Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become nowadays an important tool in the process of hydrodynamic design of modern ships. CFD is used to model any phenomena related to fluid flow in a control volume like a ship or any offshore structure in the sea. In the present study, the current force drag coefficients for a Colombian Navy Frigate in deep and shallow water are estimated through the application of CFD. The study shows the process of simulating the ship current drag coefficients using the CFD simulations method, which is conducted using STAR-CCM+ software package. The Almirante Padilla class Frigate ship scale model is investigated. The results show the ship current drag coefficient calculated considering a current speed of 1 knot with a 90° drift angle for the full-scale ship. Predicted results were compared against the current drag coefficients published in the Lloyds register OCIMF report. It is shown that the simulation results agree fairly well with the published results and that STAR-CCM+ code can predict current drag coefficients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20draft%20coefficient" title=" current draft coefficient"> current draft coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STAR-CCM%2B" title=" STAR-CCM+"> STAR-CCM+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCIMF" title=" OCIMF"> OCIMF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bollard%20pull" title=" Bollard pull"> Bollard pull</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132520/numerical-study-for-the-estimation-of-hydrodynamic-current-drag-coefficients-for-the-colombian-navy-frigates-using-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8954</span> Improvement of Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Accuracy by Means of Current Loop Circuit Using Optimal Digital Signal Processing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20L%E2%80%99vov">Peter A. L’vov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20S.%20Konovalov"> Roman S. Konovalov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20A.%20L%E2%80%99vov"> Alexey A. L’vov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the advanced digital modification of the conventional current loop circuit for pressure piezoelectric transducers. The optimal DSP algorithms of current loop responses by the maximum likelihood method are applied for diminishing of measurement errors. The loop circuit has some additional advantages such as the possibility to operate with any type of resistance or reactance sensors, and a considerable increase in accuracy and quality of measurements to be compared with AC bridges. The results obtained are dedicated to replace high-accuracy and expensive measuring bridges with current loop circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20loop" title="current loop">current loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20method" title=" maximum likelihood method"> maximum likelihood method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20digital%20signal%20processing" title=" optimal digital signal processing"> optimal digital signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precise%20pressure%20measurement" title=" precise pressure measurement"> precise pressure measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22685/improvement-of-piezoresistive-pressure-sensor-accuracy-by-means-of-current-loop-circuit-using-optimal-digital-signal-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8953</span> Design and Construction of an Impulse Current Generator for Lightning Strike Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Yousefpour">Kamran Yousefpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Rostaghi-Chalaki"> Mojtaba Rostaghi-Chalaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Warden"> Jason Warden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanyeop%20Park"> Chanyeop Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been a rising trend in using impulse current generators to investigate the lightning strike protection of materials including aluminum and composites in structures such as wind turbine blade and aircraft body. The focus of this research is to present a new impulse current generator built in the High Voltage Lab at Mississippi State University. The generator is capable of producing component A and D of the natural lightning discharges in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard, which is widely used in the aerospace industry. The generator can supply lightning impulse energy up to 400 kJ with the capability of producing impulse currents with magnitudes greater than 200 kA. The electrical circuit and physical components of an improved impulse current generator are described and several lightning strike waveforms with different amplitudes is presented for comparing with the standard waveform. The results of this study contribute to the fundamental understanding the functionality of the impulse current generators and present a new impulse current generator developed at the High Voltage Lab of Mississippi State University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impulse%20current%20generator" title="impulse current generator">impulse current generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning" title=" lightning"> lightning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society%20of%20automotive%20engineers" title=" society of automotive engineers"> society of automotive engineers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor" title=" capacitor"> capacitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133530/design-and-construction-of-an-impulse-current-generator-for-lightning-strike-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8952</span> Field-Free Orbital Hall Current-Induced Deterministic Switching in the MO/Co₇₁Gd₂₉/Ru Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Abebe%20Bekele">Zelalem Abebe Bekele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Lei"> Kun Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiukai%20Lan"> Xiukai Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangyu%20Liu"> Xiangyu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wen"> Hui Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiyou%20Wang"> Kaiyou Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spin-polarized currents offer an efficient means of manipulating the magnetization of a ferromagnetic layer for big data and neuromorphic computing. Research has shown that the orbital Hall effect (OHE) can produce orbital currents, potentially surpassing the counter spin currents induced by the spin Hall effect. However, it’s essential to note that orbital currents alone cannot exert torque directly on a ferromagnetic layer, necessitating a conversion process from orbital to spin currents. Here, we present an efficient method for achieving perpendicularly magnetized spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching by harnessing the localized orbital Hall current generated from a Mo layer within a Mo/CoGd device. Our investigation reveals a remarkable enhancement in the interface-induced planar Hall effect (PHE) within the Mo/CoGd bilayer, resulting in the generation of a z-polarized planar current for manipulating the magnetization of CoGd layer without the need for an in-plane magnetic field. Furthermore, the Mo layer induces out-of-plane orbital current, boosting the in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarization by converting the orbital current into spin current within the dual-property CoGd layer. At the optimal Mo layer thickness, a low critical magnetization switching current density of 2.51×10⁶ A cm⁻² is achieved. This breakthrough opens avenues for all-electrical control energy-efficient magnetization switching through orbital current, advancing the field of spin-orbitronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-orbit%20torque" title="spin-orbit torque">spin-orbit torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20hall%20effect" title=" orbital hall effect"> orbital hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20hall%20current" title=" spin hall current"> spin hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20hall%20current" title=" orbital hall current"> orbital hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface-generated%20planar%20hall%20current" title=" interface-generated planar hall current"> interface-generated planar hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20magnetoresistance" title=" anisotropic magnetoresistance"> anisotropic magnetoresistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182198/field-free-orbital-hall-current-induced-deterministic-switching-in-the-moco71gd29ru-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferential%20current&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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