CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.bbc.com:80/earth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","20170804101442","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1501841682"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <title>BBC - Earth - The bird with the killer blue beak</title> <meta name="keywords" content="story, STORY, story, image, , , attenboroughs-story-of-life"> <meta name="description" content="This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests"> <meta property="og:title" content="The bird with the killer blue beak"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak"/> <meta property="og:description" content="This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@BBCEarth"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The bird with the killer blue beak"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442im_/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/3v/16/p03v16hz.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="624"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="351"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442im_/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/3v/16/p03v16hz.jpg"> <script> window.getUriParamByName=function(name) { name = name.replace(/[\[]/, "\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\]"); var regex = new RegExp("[\\?&]" + name + "=([^&#]*)"); var results = regex.exec(window.location.search); return (results === null ? "" : decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9\-_]/g, ''))); } var digitalData= {"environment":"live","pageInstanceID":"www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","module":{"id":"wwearth","backendModuleId":"wwearth","isGeoRestricted":false,"name":"Earth","domain":"earth","brandColor":"#008e9b","description":"BBC Earth"},"page":{"attributes":{"country":"GB","language":"en-GB"},"pageInfo":{"affiliate":false,"author":"","pageID":"wwearth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","shortPageID":"helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","pageName":"The bird with the killer blue beak","description":"This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests","partner":false,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28T10:01:27.802934Z","business-unit":"BBC.com","destinationURL":"","bodyTextCharacterLength":862},"keywords":{"pageType":"story","STORY":"1","asset_type":"story","media":"image","tags":[],"destination":[],"column":"attenboroughs-story-of-life","sectn":"attenboroughs-story-of-life"},"tags":["story","STORY","story","image",[],[],"attenboroughs-story-of-life","attenboroughs-story-of-life"],"category":{"pageType":"story","STORY":"1","asset_type":"story","media":"image","tags":[],"destination":[],"column":"attenboroughs-story-of-life","sectn":"attenboroughs-story-of-life","entityFactory":{"entities":{}},"primaryCategory":"earth","section":false,"horizontal":false,"supersection":false}}}; digitalData.page.pageInfo.ocid=getUriParamByName('ocid'); digitalData.page.pageInfo.icid=getUriParamByName('icid'); digitalData.page.pageInfo.referrer=document.referrer; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442cs_/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/css/wwearth/core.css"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442cs_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/style/orb.min.css">    <script class="js-require-lib" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/requirejs/lib.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> bbcRequireMap = {"jquery-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.7.2", "jquery-1.4":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.4", "jquery-1.9":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.9.1", "jquery-1.12":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.12.0.min", "jquery-2.2":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-2.2.0.min", "istats-1":"//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-43/js/istats-1", "swfobject-2":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/swfobject/0.1.10/sharedmodules/swfobject-2", "demi-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/demi/0.10.1/sharedmodules/demi-1", "gelui-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/gelui/0.9.13/sharedmodules/gelui-1", "cssp!gelui-1/overlay":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/gelui/0.9.13/sharedmodules/gelui-1/overlay.css", "relay-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/relay/0.2.6/sharedmodules/relay-1", "clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/clock-1", "canvas-clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/canvas-clock-1", "cssp!clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/clock-1.css", "jssignals-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jssignals/0.3.6/modules/jssignals-1", "jcarousel-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jcarousel/0.1.10/modules/jcarousel-1", "bump-3":"//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://emp.bbci.co.uk/emp/bump-3/bump-3"}; require({ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/', paths: bbcRequireMap, waitSeconds: 30 }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (typeof bbccookies_flag === 'undefined') { bbccookies_flag = 'ON'; } showCTA_flag = true; cta_enabled = (showCTA_flag && (bbccookies_flag === 'ON')); (function(){var m="ckns_policy",q="Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT",i={ads:true,personalisation:true,performance:true,necessary:true};function c(u){if(c.cache[u]){return c.cache[u]}var t=u.split("/"),v=[""];do{v.unshift((t.join("/")||"/"));t.pop()}while(v[0]!=="/");c.cache[u]=v;return v}c.cache={};function a(u){if(a.cache[u]){return a.cache[u]}var v=u.split("."),t=[];while(v.length&&"|co.uk|com|".indexOf("|"+v.join(".")+"|")===-1){if(v.length){t.push(v.join("."))}v.shift()}c.cache[u]=t;return t}a.cache={};function s(t,y,u){var E=[""].concat(a(window.location.hostname)),B=c(window.location.pathname),D="",w,C;for(var x=0,A=E.length;x<A;x++){w=E[x];for(var v=0,z=B.length;v<z;v++){C=B[v];D=t+"="+y+";"+(w?"domain="+w+";":"")+(C?"path="+C+";":"")+(u?"expires="+u+";":"");bbccookies.set(D,true)}}}window.bbccookies={POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS:new Date(2015,4,21,0,0,0,0).getTime(),POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME:"ckns_policy_exp",_setEverywhere:s,cookiesEnabled:function(){var t="ckns_testcookie"+Math.floor(Math.random()*100000);this.set(t+"=1");if(this.get().indexOf(t)>-1){e(t);return true}return false},get:function(){return document.cookie},getCrumb:function(t){if(!t){return null}return decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(t).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},policyRequiresRefresh:function(){var u=new Date();u.setHours(0);u.setMinutes(0);u.setSeconds(0);u.setMilliseconds(0);if(bbccookies.POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS<=u.getTime()){var t=bbccookies.getCrumb(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME);if(t){t=new Date(parseInt(t));t.setYear(t.getFullYear()-1);return bbccookies.POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS>=t.getTime()}else{return true}}else{return false}},_setPolicy:function(t){return f.apply(this,arguments)},readPolicy:function(){return l.apply(this,arguments)},_deletePolicy:function(){s(m,"",q)},_isConfirmed:function(){return n()!==null},_acceptsAll:function(){var t=l();return t&&!(j(t).indexOf("0")>-1)},_getCookieName:function(){return b.apply(this,arguments)},_showPrompt:function(){var t=((!this._isConfirmed()||this.policyRequiresRefresh())&&window.cta_enabled&&this.cookiesEnabled()&&!window.bbccookies_disable);return(window.orb&&window.orb.fig)?t&&(window.orb.fig("no")||window.orb.fig("ck")):t},_getPolicy:this.readPolicy};function b(u){var t=(""+u).match(/^([^=]+)(?==)/);return(t&&t.length?t[0]:"")}function j(t){return""+(t.ads?1:0)+(t.personalisation?1:0)+(t.performance?1:0)}function f(x){if(typeof x==="undefined"){x=i}if(typeof arguments[0]==="string"){var u=arguments[0],w=arguments[1];if(u==="necessary"){w=true}x=l();x[u]=w}else{if(typeof arguments[0]==="object"){x.necessary=true}}var v=new Date();v.setYear(v.getFullYear()+1);bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbc.co.uk;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbc.com;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbci.co.uk;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");var t=new Date(v.getTime());t.setMonth(t.getMonth()+1);bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbc.co.uk;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbc.com;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbci.co.uk;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");return x}function o(t){if(t===null){return null}var u=t.split("");return{ads:!!+u[0],personalisation:!!+u[1],performance:!!+u[2],necessary:true}}function n(){var t=new RegExp("(?:^|; ?)"+m+"=(\\d\\d\\d)($|;)"),u=document.cookie.match(t);if(!u){return null}return u[1]}function l(t){var u=o(n());if(!u){u=i}if(t){return u[t]}else{return u}}function e(t){return document.cookie=t+"=;expires="+q+";"}var g=!(window.bbccookies_flag==="ON"&&!bbccookies._acceptsAll()&&!window.bbccookies_disable);var k={},d={"personalisation":"ckps_.+|X-AB-iplayer-.+|ACTVTYMKR|BBC_EXAMPLE_COOKIE|BBCIplayer|BBCiPlayerM|BBCIplayerSession|BBCMediaselector|BBCPostcoder|bbctravel|CGISESSID|ed|food-view|forceDesktop|h4|IMRID|locserv|MyLang|myloc|NTABS|ttduserPrefs|V5|WEATHER|BBCScienceDiscoveryPlaylist_.+|bitratePref|correctAnswerCount|genreCookie|highestQuestionScore|incorrectAnswerCount|longestStreak|MSCSProfile|programmes-oap-expanded|quickestAnswer|score|servicePanel|slowestAnswer|totalTimeForAllFormatted|v|BBCwords|score|correctAnswerCount|highestQuestionScore|hploc|BGUID|BBCWEACITY|mstouch|myway|BBCNewsCustomisation|cbbc_anim|cbeebies_snd|bbcsr_usersx|cbeebies_rd|BBC-Latest_Blogs|zh-enc|pref_loc|m|bbcEmp.+|recs-.+|_lvd2|_lvs2|tick|_fcap_CAM1|_rcc2","performance":"ckpf_.+|optimizely.*|BBCLiveStatsClick|id|_em_.+|cookies_enabled|mbox|mbox-admin|mc_.+|omniture_unique|s_.+|sc_.+|adpolicyAdDisplayFrequency|s1|ns_session|ns_cookietest|ns_ux|NO-SA|tr_pr1|gvsurvey|bbcsurvey|si_v|sa_labels|obuid|mm_.+|mmid|mmcore.+|mmpa.+","ads":"ckad_.+|rsi_segs|c","necessary":"ckns_.+|BBC-UID|blq\\.dPref|SSO2-UID|BBC-H2-User|rmRpDetectReal|bbcComSurvey|IDENTITY_ENV|IDENTITY|IDENTITY-HTTPS|IDENTITY_SESSION|BBCCOMMENTSMODULESESSID|bbcBump.+|IVOTE_VOTE_HISTORY|pulse|BBCPG|BBCPGstat|ecos\\.dt"};function r(){var x=document.cookie.replace(/; +/g,";").split(";"),u,v=[];for(var w=0,t=x.length;w<t;w++){u=x[w];v.push(bbccookies._getCookieName(u))}return v}function h(w){var v=JSON.stringify(w);if(typeof(k[v])!=="undefined"){return k[v]}var u="";for(var t in w){if(w.hasOwnProperty(t)&&d[t]){if(w[t]===true){u+=(u?"|":"")+d[t]}}}k[v]=new RegExp("^("+(u?u:".*")+")$","i");return k[v]}bbccookies.getPolicyExpiryDateTime=function(){return bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME};bbccookies.purge=function(){var u=bbccookies.readPolicy(),w=r(),x;for(var v=0,t=w.length;v<t;v++){if(!bbccookies.isAllowed(w[v],u)){x=new Date();x.setTime(0);x=x.toUTCString();s(w[v],"deleted",x)}}};function p(){if(g){return}bbccookies.purge();contentLoaded(window,bbccookies.purge);if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("beforeunload",bbccookies.purge,false)}else{if(window.attachEvent){window.attachEvent("onbeforeunload",bbccookies.purge)}else{window.onbeforeunload=bbccookies.purge}}}bbccookies.set=function(u,t){if(g){return document.cookie=u}var v=bbccookies._getCookieName(u);if(t||bbccookies.isAllowed(v)){return document.cookie=u}return null};bbccookies.isAllowed=function(v){var u=bbccookies.readPolicy();var t=h(u);return t.test(v)};p()})(); /*! * contentloaded.js * * Author: Diego Perini (diego.perini at gmail.com) * Summary: cross-browser wrapper for DOMContentLoaded * Updated: 20101020 * License: MIT * Version: 1.2 * * URL: * http://javascript.nwbox.com/ContentLoaded/ * http://javascript.nwbox.com/ContentLoaded/MIT-LICENSE * */ function contentLoaded(d,i){var c=false,h=true,k=d.document,j=k.documentElement,a=k.addEventListener,n=a?"addEventListener":"attachEvent",l=a?"removeEventListener":"detachEvent",b=a?"":"on",m=function(o){if(o.type==="readystatechange"&&k.readyState!="complete"){return}(o.type==="load"?d:k)[l](b+o.type,m,false);if(!c&&(c=true)){i.call(d,o.type||o)}},g=function(){try{j.doScroll("left")}catch(o){setTimeout(g,50);return}m("poll")};if(k.readyState==="complete"){i.call(d,"lazy")}else{if(!a&&j.doScroll){try{h=!d.frameElement}catch(f){}if(h){g()}}k[n](b+"DOMContentLoaded",m,false);k[n](b+"readystatechange",m,false);d[n](b+"load",m,false)}}if(typeof(require)==="function"&&!require.defined("orb/cookies")){define("orb/cookies",window.bbccookies)}; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){window.orb={};window.orb.figState={ad:0,ap:0,ck:1,eu:1,mb:0,tb:0,uk:1,df:1};window.orb.fig=function(a){return(arguments.length)?window.orb.figState[a]:window.orb.figState};window.orb.fig.device={};window.orb.fig.geo={};window.orb.fig.user={};window.orb.fig.isDefault=function(){return window.orb.fig("df")};window.orb.fig.device.isTablet=function(){return window.orb.fig("tb")};window.orb.fig.device.isMobile=function(){return window.orb.fig("mb")};window.orb.fig.geo.isUK=function(){return window.orb.fig("uk")};window.orb.fig.geo.isEU=function(){return window.orb.fig("eu")};window.fig=window.fig||{};window.fig.manager={include:function(e){e=e||window;var g=false;var j=e.document,k=j.cookie,i=k.match(/(?:^|; ?)ckns_orb_fig=([^;]+)/),h;if(i){i=this.deserialise(decodeURIComponent(RegExp.$1));this.setFig(e,i)}if(window.fig.async&&typeof JSON!="undefined"){var b=(document.cookie.match("(^|; )ckns_orb_cachedfig=([^;]*)")||0)[2];h=b?JSON.parse(b):null;if(h){this.setFig(e,h);g=true}}var a="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://fig.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/fig/1/fig.js";if(g){j.write('<script src="'+a+'" async><'+"/script>")}else{j.write('<script src="'+a+'"><'+"/script>")}},confirm:function(a){return true},setFig:function(a,b){(function(){a.orb=a.orb||{};a.orb.figState=b})()},deserialise:function(b){var a={};b.replace(/([a-z]{2}):([0-9]+)/g,function(){a[RegExp.$1]=+RegExp.$2});return a}}})();fig.manager.include();/*]]>*/</script>  <script type="text/javascript">window.bbcFlagpoles_istats="ON",require.config({paths:{"istats-1":"//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-72/js/istats-1","megavolt-client":"//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-72/js/megavolt-client"}}),require.defined("orb/cookies")||(window.bbccookies?define("orb/cookies",function(){return window.bbccookies}):define("orb/cookies",function(){return{isAllowed:function(e){return!1}}})),require(["megavolt-client","istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(e,t,o){if(o.isAllowed("s1")){e.setMegavoltUrl("https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://mvt.api.bbc.com");e.setMegavoltTimeout("1000");t.addCollector({name:"default",url:"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s",separator:"&"});var i="earth.story.20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak.page";t.setCountername(i),window.istats_countername&&t.setCountername(window.istats_countername),t.addLabels("ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=72")}});</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ window.bbcFlagpoles_istats = 'ON'; window.orb = window.orb || {}; if (typeof bbccookies !== 'undefined' && bbccookies.isAllowed('s1')) { var istatsTrackingUrl = '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=earth.story.20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak.page&pal_route=webserviceapi&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=barlesque&prod_name=frameworks&app_name=frameworks'; require(['istats-1'], function (istats) { var counterName = (window.istats_countername) ? window.istats_countername : istatsTrackingUrl.match(/[\?&]name=([^&]*)/i)[1]; istats.setCountername(counterName); istats.addLabels('pal_route=webserviceapi&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=barlesque&prod_name=frameworks&app_name=frameworks'); var c = (document.cookie.match(/\bckns_policy=(\d\d\d)/) || []).pop() || ''; istats.addLabels({ 'blq_s': '4d', 'blq_r': '2.7', 'blq_v': 'default', 'blq_e': 'pal', 'bbc_mc': (c ? 'ad' + c.charAt(0) + 'ps' + c.charAt(1) + 'pf' + c.charAt(2) : 'not_set') } ); }); } /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(undefined){if(!window.bbc){window.bbc={}}var ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS=30;window.bbc.Mandolin=function(id,segments,opts){var now=new Date().getTime(),storedItem,DEFAULT_START=now,DEFAULT_RATE=1,COOKIE_NAME="ckpf_mandolin";opts=opts||{};this._id=id;this._segmentSet=segments;this._store=new window.window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage(COOKIE_NAME);this._opts=opts;this._rate=(opts.rate!==undefined)?+opts.rate:DEFAULT_RATE;this._startTs=(opts.start!==undefined)?new Date(opts.start).getTime():new Date(DEFAULT_START).getTime();this._endTs=(opts.end!==undefined)?new Date(opts.end).getTime():daysFromNow(ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS);this._signupEndTs=(opts.signupEnd!==undefined)?new Date(opts.signupEnd).getTime():this._endTs;this._segment=null;if(typeof id!=="string"){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: id must be defined and be a string")}if(Object.prototype.toString.call(segments)!=="[object Array]"){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: Segments are required.")}if(opts.rate!==undefined&&(opts.rate<0||opts.rate>1)){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: Rate must be between 0 and 1.")}if(this._startTs>this._endTs){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: end date must occur after start date.")}if(!(this._startTs<this._signupEndTs&&this._signupEndTs<=this._endTs)){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: SignupEnd must be between start and end date")}removeExpired.call(this,now);var overrides=window.bbccookies.get().match(/ckns_mandolin_setSegments=([^;]+)/);if(overrides!==null){eval("overrides = "+decodeURIComponent(RegExp.$1)+";");if(overrides[this._id]&&this._segmentSet.indexOf(overrides[this._id])==-1){throw new Error("Invalid Override: overridden segment should exist in segments array")}}if(overrides!==null&&overrides[this._id]){this._segment=overrides[this._id]}else{if((storedItem=this._store.getItem(this._id))){this._segment=storedItem.segment}else{if(this._startTs<=now&&now<this._signupEndTs&&now<=this._endTs&&this._store.isEnabled()===true){this._segment=pick(segments,this._rate);if(opts.end===undefined){this._store.setItem(this._id,{segment:this._segment})}else{this._store.setItem(this._id,{segment:this._segment,end:this._endTs})}log.call(this,"mandolin_segment")}}}log.call(this,"mandolin_view")};window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.getSegment=function(){return this._segment};function log(actionType,params){var that=this;require(["istats-1"],function(istats){istats.log(actionType,that._id+":"+that._segment,params?params:{})})}function removeExpired(expires){var items=this._store.getItems(),expiresInt=+expires;for(var key in items){if(items[key].end!==undefined&&+items[key].end<expiresInt){this._store.removeItem(key)}}}function getLastExpirationDate(data){var winner=0,rollingExpire=daysFromNow(ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS);for(var key in data){if(data[key].end===undefined&&rollingExpire>winner){winner=rollingExpire}else{if(+data[key].end>winner){winner=+data[key].end}}}return(winner)?new Date(winner):new Date(rollingExpire)}window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.log=function(params){log.call(this,"mandolin_log",params)};window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.convert=function(params){log.call(this,"mandolin_convert",params);this.convert=function(){}};function daysFromNow(n){var endDate;endDate=new Date().getTime()+(n*60*60*24)*1000;return endDate}function pick(segments,rate){var picked,min=0,max=segments.length-1;if(typeof rate==="number"&&Math.random()>rate){return null}do{picked=Math.floor(Math.random()*(max-min+1))+min}while(picked>max);return segments[picked]}window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage=function(name){validateCookieName(name);this._cookieName=name;this._isEnabled=(bbccookies.isAllowed(this._cookieName)===true&&bbccookies.cookiesEnabled()===true)};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.setItem=function(key,value){var storeData=this.getItems();storeData[key]=value;this.save(storeData);return value};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.isEnabled=function(){return this._isEnabled};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.getItem=function(key){var storeData=this.getItems();return storeData[key]};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.removeItem=function(key){var storeData=this.getItems();delete storeData[key];this.save(storeData)};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.getItems=function(){return deserialise(this.readCookie(this._cookieName)||"")};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.save=function(data){window.bbccookies.set(this._cookieName+"="+encodeURIComponent(serialise(data))+"; expires="+getLastExpirationDate(data).toUTCString()+";")};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.readCookie=function(name){var nameEq=name+"=",ca=window.bbccookies.get().split("; "),i,c;validateCookieName(name);for(i=0;i<ca.length;i++){c=ca[i];if(c.indexOf(nameEq)===0){return decodeURIComponent(c.substring(nameEq.length,c.length))}}return null};function serialise(o){var str="";for(var p in o){if(o.hasOwnProperty(p)){str+='"'+p+'"'+":"+(typeof o[p]==="object"?(o[p]===null?"null":"{"+serialise(o[p])+"}"):'"'+o[p].toString()+'"')+","}}return str.replace(/,\}/g,"}").replace(/,$/g,"")}function deserialise(str){var o;str="{"+str+"}";if(!validateSerialisation(str)){throw"Invalid input provided for deserialisation."}eval("o = "+str);return o}var validateSerialisation=(function(){var OBJECT_TOKEN="<Object>",ESCAPED_CHAR='"\\n\\r\\u2028\\u2029\\u000A\\u000D\\u005C',ALLOWED_CHAR="([^"+ESCAPED_CHAR+"]|\\\\["+ESCAPED_CHAR+"])",KEY='"'+ALLOWED_CHAR+'+"',VALUE='(null|"'+ALLOWED_CHAR+'*"|'+OBJECT_TOKEN+")",KEY_VALUE=KEY+":"+VALUE,KEY_VALUE_SEQUENCE="("+KEY_VALUE+",)*"+KEY_VALUE,OBJECT_LITERAL="({}|{"+KEY_VALUE_SEQUENCE+"})",objectPattern=new RegExp(OBJECT_LITERAL,"g");return function(str){if(str.indexOf(OBJECT_TOKEN)!==-1){return false}while(str.match(objectPattern)){str=str.replace(objectPattern,OBJECT_TOKEN)}return str===OBJECT_TOKEN}})();function validateCookieName(name){if(name.match(/ ,;/)){throw"Illegal name provided, must be valid in browser cookie."}}})(); /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript"> document.documentElement.className += (document.documentElement.className? ' ' : '') + 'orb-js'; fig.manager.confirm(); </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/script/orb/api.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/script/orb/font.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var blq = { environment: function() { return 'live'; } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ function oqsSurveyManager(w, flag) { if (flag !== 'OFF' && (w.orb.fig("no") || w.orb.fig("uk"))) { w.document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/script/vendor/edr.min.js"><'+'/script>'); } } oqsSurveyManager(window, 'ON'); /*]]>*/ </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); /*]]>*/ </script><style type="text/css">.bbccom_display_none{display:none;}</style><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcomConfig, googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var bbcdotcom = false; (function(){ if(typeof require !== 'undefined') { require({ paths:{ "bbcdotcom":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/script" } }); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcom = { adverts: { keyValues: { set: function() {} } }, advert: { write: function () {}, show: function () {}, isActive: function () { return false; }, layout: function() { return { reset: function() {} } } }, config: { init: function() {}, isActive: function() {}, setSections: function() {}, isAdsEnabled: function() {}, setAdsEnabled: function() {}, isAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAssetPrefix: function() {}, setVersion: function () {}, setJsPrefix: function() {}, setSwfPrefix: function() {}, setCssPrefix: function() {}, setConfig: function() {}, getAssetPrefix: function() {}, getJsPrefix: function () {}, getSwfPrefix: function () {}, getCssPrefix: function () {} }, survey: { init: function(){ return false; } }, data: {}, init: function() {}, objects: function(str) { return false; }, locale: { set: function() {}, get: function() {} }, setAdKeyValue: function() {}, utils: { addEvent: function() {}, addHtmlTagClass: function() {}, log: function () {} }, addLoadEvent: function() {} }; /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb !== 'undefined' && typeof orb.fig === 'function') { if (orb.fig('ad') && orb.fig('uk') == 0) { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: (orb.fig('ad') ? 1 : 0), stats: (orb.fig('uk') == 0 ? 1 : 0), statsProvider: orb.fig('ap') }; } } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.bbc.com' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://tps.bbc.com')+'/wwscripts/data">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb === 'undefined' || typeof orb.fig !== 'function') { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: bbcdotcom.data.a, stats: bbcdotcom.data.b, statsProvider: bbcdotcom.data.c }; } if (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.bbc.co.uk' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk')+'/wwscripts/flag">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (typeof bbcdotcom.flag == 'undefined' || (typeof bbcdotcom.data.ads !== 'undefined' && bbcdotcom.flag.a != 1))) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 0; } if (/[?|&]ads/.test(window.location.href) || /(^|; )ads=on; /.test(document.cookie) || /; ads=on(; |$)/.test(document.cookie)) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 1; bbcdotcom.data.stats = 1; } if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcom.assetPrefix = "https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/"; if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/style/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.css" />'); } else { document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/style/dist/bbcdotcom.css" />'); } (function() { var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; var src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'; document.write('<scr' + 'ipt src="' + src + '">\x3C/script>'); })(); if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.js">\x3C/script>'); } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.js">\x3C/script>'); } } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://secure-us.imrworldwide.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://me-cdn.effectivemeasure.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/">'); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.googletagservices.com/">'); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcomConfig = {"adFormat":"standard","adKeyword":"","adMode":"smart","adsEnabled":true,"appAnalyticsSections":"","asyncEnabled":false,"disableInitialLoad":false,"advertInfoPageUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170804101442\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/privacy\/cookies\/international\/","advertisementText":"Advertisement","analyticsEnabled":true,"appName":"barlesque","assetPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170804101442\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/1.61.0\/","customAdParams":[],"customStatsParams":[],"headline":"","id":"","inAssociationWithText":"in association with","keywords":"","language":"","orbTransitional":false,"outbrainEnabled":true,"adsenseEnabled":true,"adsportappEnabled":true,"palEnv":"live","productName":"","sections":[],"comScoreEnabled":true,"comscoreSite":"bbc","comscoreID":"19293874","comscorePageName":"","slots":"","sponsoredByText":"is sponsored by","adsByGoogleText":"Ads by Google","summary":"","type":"","features":{"testfeature":{"name":"testfeature","envs":["sandbox","int","test"],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null},"lxadverts":{"name":"lxadverts","envs":[],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null}},"staticBase":"\/bbcdotcom","staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170804101442\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk","staticVersion":"1.61.0","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170804101442\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/1.61.0","dataHttp":"tps.bbc.com","dataHttps":"www.bbc.com","flagHttp":"www.bbc.co.uk","flagHttps":"www.bbc.co.uk","analyticsHttp":"sa.bbc.com","analyticsHttps":"ssa.bbc.com"}; bbcdotcom.config.init(bbcdotcomConfig, bbcdotcom.data, window.location, window.document); bbcdotcom.config.setAssetPrefix("https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.61.0/"); bbcdotcom.config.setVersion("1.61.0"); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); if (/[?|&]ex-dp/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ex-dp=') !== -1) { bbcdotcom.utils.addHtmlTagClass('bbcdotcom-ex-dp'); } } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.head = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> // Globally available search context window.SEARCHBOX={"variant":"default","locale":"en","navSearchboxStaticPrefix":"//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-129","searchboxAppStaticPrefix":"//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://search.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox-app/1.0.16","searchFormHtml":"<div tabindex=\"-1\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg\" data-react-checksum=\"1923032532\"><div data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0\"><section class=\"se-searchbox-panel\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-layout\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox-title\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.0\">search</div><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1\"><form accept-charset=\"utf-8\" id=\"searchboxDrawerForm\" method=\"get\" action=\"//search.bbc.co.uk/search\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0\"><label class=\"se-searchbox__input\" for=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0.0\"><span class=\"se-sr-only\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0\">Search Term</span><input name=\"q\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" id=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" class=\"se-searchbox__input__field\" maxlength=\"512\" autocomplete=\"off\" autocorrect=\"off\" autocapitalize=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.1\"/></label><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"scope\" value=\"\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0.2\"/><button type=\"submit\" class=\"se-searchbox__submit\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0.3\">Search</button><button type=\"button\" class=\"se-searchbox__clear se-searchbox__clear--visible\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.0.0.0.1.0.4\">Close</button></form></div></div></div></section><div aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"se-suggestions-container\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.1\"><section class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\".2fvssx2jgg.0.1.0\"></section></div></div></div>","searchScopePlaceholder":"","searchScopeParam":"","searchScopeTemplate":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperStart":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperEnd":""}; window.SEARCHBOX.suppress = false; window.SEARCHBOX.searchScope = SEARCHBOX.searchScopeTemplate.split('-')[0]; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442cs_/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-129/css/main.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442cs_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/id-cta.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442cs_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/id-cta-v5.css"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var map = {}; if (typeof(map['jssignals-1']) == 'undefined') { map['jssignals-1'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://static.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/jssignals/0.3.6/modules/jssignals-1'; } require({paths: map}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/dist/idcta-1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { if (!window.require) { throw new Error('idcta: could not find require module'); } if(typeof(map) == 'undefined') { var map = {}; } if(!!document.createElementNS && !!document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', "svg").createSVGRect) { document.documentElement.className += ' id-svg'; } var ptrt = RegExp("[\\?&]ptrt=([^&#]*)").exec(document.location.href); var ENDPOINT_URL = '//' + ((window.location.protocol == "https:") ? ('ssl.bbc.co.uk').replace("www.", "ssl.") : ('ssl.bbc.co.uk').replace("ssl.", "www.")); var ENDPOINT_CONFIG = ('/idcta/config?callback&locale=en-GB&ptrt=' + encodeURI((ptrt ? ptrt[1] : document.location.href))).replace(/\&/g, '&'); var ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS = '/idcta/translations?callback&locale=en-GB'; map['idapp-1'] = '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbc.co.uk/idapp/0.72.58/modules/idapp/idapp-1'; map['idcta'] = '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta'; map['idcta/config'] = [ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_CONFIG, '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/fallbackConfig']; map['idcta/translations'] = [ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS, '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/fallbackTranslations']; require({paths: map}); /* * Temporary code * To be removed when old id-statusbar-config is no longer supported */ define('id-statusbar-config', ['idcta/id-config'], function(conf) { return conf; }); define('idcta/id-statusbar-config', ['idcta/id-config'], function(conf) { return conf; }); })(); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442cs_/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/css/main.min.css"/>  <script> var isIE8=false, _config={"version":"rc43","adpolicy":{"ad-display-frequency":180},"weather_api":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://open.live.bbc.co.uk","full_forecast_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/"},"bbc":{"ps":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk"},"ww":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com"}},"domain":"www.bbc.com","images":{"default":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2g/t3/p02gt3v6.jpg","title":"BBC Earth Default Placeholder","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/30/k9/p030k9by.jpg"},"capital-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe//images/live/p0/2y/vw/p02yvwtm.jpg","title":"BBC Capital External Link"},"autos-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2y/vx/p02yvx7t.jpg","title":"BBC Autos External Link"},"culture-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2v/0x/p02v0x03.jpg","title":"BBC Culture External Link"},"earth-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/30/k9/p030k9by.jpg","title":"BBC Earth External Link"},"future-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2r/tx/p02rtx8g.jpg","title":"BBC Future External Link"},"travel-external-promotion":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2j/hr/p02jhrqm.jpg","title":"BBC Travel External Link"},"sol-catch-page":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/4d/f9/p04df9pv.jpg","title":"BBC Earth - Sir David Attenborough's Story of Life"},"sol-video-page":{"URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/4d/f9/p04df9pv.jpg","title":"BBC Earth - Sir David Attenborough's Story of Life"}},"module":{"id":"wwearth","backendModuleId":"wwearth","isGeoRestricted":false,"name":"Earth","domain":"earth","brandColor":"#008e9b","description":"BBC Earth"},"moduleId":"wwearth","environment":"live","socialIcons":{"default":{"desktop":["facebook","twitter","reddit","stumbleupon","google","email"],"mobile":["facebook","twitter","reddit","whatsapp","google","email"]},"slideshow_gallery":{"desktop":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","reddit"],"mobile":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","whatsapp"]},"sol_video_player":{"desktop":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","reddit"],"mobile":["email","facebook","twitter","pinterest","whatsapp"]}},"socialLinks":{"facebook":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.facebook.com/BBCEarth"},"twitter":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://twitter.com/BBCEarth","username":"BBCEarth"},"youtube":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.youtube.com/user/BBCEarth"},"instagram":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://instagram.com/bbcearth"}},"analytics":{"is_enabled":true,"bbc_vertical_regex":"/^http(|s):\\/\\/[a-z0-9\\-.]+.bbc.com\\/(future|culture|earth|capital|autos|travel|britain)(\\/)?(.*)?/","comscore":{"is_enabled":true,"url_ssc_http":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/","url_ssc_https":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://ssc.api.bbc.com/","url_scorecard_http":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://b.scorecardresearch.com/b","url_scorecard_https":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/b","suite":"bbc","customer_id":"19774467","user_tracking_cookie":"ckpf_sscid","user_tracking_cookie_legacy":"ckpf_uid","delay_tracking_cookie":"ckpf_wwverticalscs","tracking_timeout":500}},"image_recipe":{"recipe_prefix":"live/","watermarking_enabled":true},"story-of-life":{"custom-collection-max-length":6,"image-url":{"directory":"live","recipe-placeholder":"{recipe}"}},"static":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40","brand-img-dir":"/img/shared/brands/","vertical":"earth","module":"wwearth"}}, _entityMapping="wwearth/story/{id}", _exposedData={"story":{"Content":{"AssetCustom":"","AssetIbroadcast":null,"AssetImage":[{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":2034718,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/live-galileo-interface-mt-resources-imagebucket-1a92e5tj3b5d6/p0/3v/16/p03v16hz.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","SynopsisMedium":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","SynopsisShort":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/3v/16/p03v16hz.jpg","Title":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p03v16hz","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p03v16hz","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p03v16hz","_id":"5981d2265e5614e02f2c7381"}],"AssetImagePromo":null,"AssetInfographic":"","AssetInline":[{"Duration":74,"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"videopid","Guid":"","Id":"p03v0lhs","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Thumbnail":[{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":86467,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/live-galileo-interface-mt-resources-imagebucket-1a92e5tj3b5d6/p0/3v/17/p03v17k4.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"BBC","SynopsisMedium":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","SynopsisShort":"This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/3v/17/p03v17k4.jpg","Title":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p03v17k4","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p03v17k4","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p03v17k4","_id":"5983f37f5e5614e02f2e63bf"}],"Title":"Helmet vanga's killer blue beak","Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:videopid:p03v0lhs","Vpid":"p03v0lj3","_id":"5983f37f5e5614e02f2e63c0"}],"AssetSelect":"","AssetVideoIb2":null,"AssetVideoMps":null,"Author":null,"BodyHtml":"<p>The helmet vanga (<em>Euryceros prevostii</em>) is the most unique of birds - its bright blue beak setting it apart from the rest.</p><p>Vanga's are only found in the wet, eastern forests of Madagascar. There are around 20 species of the bird on the island, all descended from the same ancestor species.</p><p>No one knows exactly why it was blessed with this brilliant appendage, but its beauty hides a lethal weapon. Vanga's are ambush hunters pouncing of millipedes, cicadas and lizards from above.</p><p>Watch the moment Sir David Attenborough and BBC filmmakers caught sight of this rare bird for the series Madagascar.</p><p>{\"video\":{ \"pid\": \"p03v0lhs\",\"encoding\": \"ib2\" }}</p><p>Even better, you can watch a further 1,000 more memorable moments, for free, anytime, on your smartphone or tablet, via <strong>Attenborough's Story of Life</strong> app, which is now available to download via <a href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.uk.bbc.storyoflife\">Google Play</a>, or <a href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id1124476992\">Apple's app store</a>.</p><p>Find out more at <a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/earth/storyoflife\">http://www.bbc.com/earth/storyoflife</a>.</p><p>The Story of Life has been produced in collaboration with Sir David Attenborough, BBC Earth and ideas and innovation company AKQA.</p>","BusinessUnit":"worldwide","CalloutBody":"","CalloutPosition":"","CalloutSubtitle":"","CalloutTitle":"","Campaign":null,"Collection":[{"Content":{"AssetImage":[{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":525310,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/live-galileo-interface-mt-resources-imagebucket-1a92e5tj3b5d6/p0/4c/f3/p04cf3px.jpg","SourceWidth":1666,"SynopsisLong":"Snow leopard filmed for the BBC's Planet Earth II (Credit: David Willis)","SynopsisMedium":"Snow leopard filmed for the BBC's Planet Earth II (Credit: David Willis)","SynopsisShort":"Snow leopard filmed for the BBC's Planet Earth II (Credit: David Willis)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/4c/f3/p04cf3px.jpg","Title":"Snowleopard.jpg.jpeg","CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p04cf3px","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p04cf3px","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p04cf3px","_id":"5981d25b5e5614e02f2c8ee7"}],"Campaign":null,"CollectionOverrides":[{"Content":{"AssetImage":[],"LinkUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/storyoflife","Name":"Where to download The Story of Life","PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","SummaryLong":"How to download Sir David Attenborough's free app, the Story of Life ","SummaryShort":"The Story of Life app","Tag":[]},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-11-15T15:42:01.158859Z","Entity":"external","Guid":"ace6aa28-df9f-4615-8bf3-fd724021b265","Id":"wwearth/external/20161115-the-story-of-life-app","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-11-15T15:48:16.770711Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20161115-the-story-of-life-app"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:external:wwearth/external/20161115-the-story-of-life-app","_id":"5981d0685e5614e02f2b7c7e"}],"CollectionType":"column","Description":"Watch more than 1000 of Sir David Attenborough's greatest wildlife moments","Name":"Attenborough's Story of Life","Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Title":"Attenborough's Story of Life","CreationDateTime":"2016-10-18T14:13:32.889408Z","Entity":"collection","Guid":"e0639c63-9507-4b44-b43d-1d3b016adfcb","Id":"wwearth/column/attenboroughs-story-of-life","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-11-15T15:43:34.852948Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"column/attenboroughs-story-of-life"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-10-18T14:13:32.889408Z","Entity":"collection","Guid":"e0639c63-9507-4b44-b43d-1d3b016adfcb","Id":"wwearth/column/attenboroughs-story-of-life","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-11-15T15:43:34.852948Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"column/attenboroughs-story-of-life"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:collection:wwearth/column/attenboroughs-story-of-life","_id":"5981d0615e5614e02f2b7558"}],"DisableAdverts":false,"DisplayDate":"2017-06-28T10:32:24.75Z","Geolocation":[{"Content":{"AssetImage":[{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1260100,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/11/2y/p0112y9f.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"The rock formations have become like rows of high-rise apartment buildings, providing shelter to an array of species at each level. At the highest reaches there is little soil and no shelter from the sun. Here temperatures often bake above 30C, and plant and animal life is restricted to creatures that can move between the pinnacles and the canyons. Lemurs like the white-furred Decken's sifaka (pictured) use the rock formations as a kind of highway, leaping from spire to spire as they travel between fruit trees. Lemurs are unique to Madagascar, which is home to more than 30 different species of the furry primates. (Stephen Alvarez/National Geographic Stock) _____________________________________________________________________________________ **[Purchase this image as a print at Cafepress.com](http://national-geographic.cafepress.com/art.727493093)**","SynopsisMedium":"Madagascar, Tsingy, Decken's sifaka","SynopsisShort":"Madagascar, Tsingy, Decken's sifaka","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/11/2y/p0112y9f.jpg","Title":"Lemurs"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p0112y9f","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p0112y9f","_id":"598309605e5614e02f2de6a9"}],"CountryCode":"MG","Description":"","GeolocationType":"","Id":"","InternalName":"Madagascar, Africa","IsEnabled":true,"Name":"Madagascar","Parent":[{"Content":{"AssetImage":[],"CountryCode":"ZA","Description":"","GeolocationType":"","Id":"","InternalName":"Africa","IsEnabled":true,"Name":"Africa","Parent":null,"Path":"","WeatherId":""},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-06-25T07:31:03+01:00","Entity":"geolocation","Guid":"8eeed965-65c0-4c6c-a86b-a9cb1fbdc9f0","Id":"geolocation/africa","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-08-18T11:17:57.265155Z","Project":"","Slug":"africa"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:geolocation:geolocation/africa","_id":"5981d0865e5614e02f2b91f0"}],"Path":"","WeatherId":"1062947"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-06-25T07:31:03+01:00","Entity":"geolocation","Guid":"c52ef87a-695a-40a9-95c2-645a6723f1a9","Id":"geolocation/madagascar","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-08-18T11:17:57.265155Z","Project":"","Slug":"madagascar"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:geolocation:geolocation/madagascar","_id":"5981d0845e5614e02f2b8f7b"}],"HeadlineLong":"The bird with the killer blue beak","HeadlineShort":"The bird with the killer blue beak","HideRelated":false,"Horizontal":null,"Intro":"This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests","IsSyndicated":false,"Latitude":"","Location":null,"Longitude":"","Option":null,"Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Programme":null,"RelatedStory":[{"Content":{"AssetCustom":"","AssetIbroadcast":null,"AssetImage":[{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":650407,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":648,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/nl/p02knl9s.jpg","SourceWidth":1600,"SynopsisLong":"Toco toucan (credit: Anna Kwa)","SynopsisMedium":"Toco toucan (credit: Anna Kwa)","SynopsisShort":"Toco toucan (credit: Anna Kwa)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/nl/p02knl9s.jpg","Title":"Toco toucan (credit: Anna Kwa)","CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02knl9s","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02knl9s","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02knl9s","_id":"5981e2735e5614e02f2d4c30"}],"AssetImagePromo":null,"AssetInfographic":"","AssetInline":[{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1787657,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gj/p02kgjw2.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"A bald eagle’s sharp beak tears flesh into bite-sized chunks (credit: Claudia Daniels)","SynopsisMedium":"A bald eagle’s sharp beak tears flesh into bite-sized chunks (credit: Claudia Daniels)","SynopsisShort":"A bald eagle’s sharp beak tears flesh into bite-sized chunks (credit: Claudia Daniels)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gj/p02kgjw2.jpg","Title":"Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) by Claudia Daniels"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgjw2","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgjw2","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c200b"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1280585,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gj/p02kgjmk.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"The toco toucan’s large beak can help it to keep cool in the heat (credit: Anna Kwa)","SynopsisMedium":"The toco toucan’s large beak can help it to keep cool in the heat (credit: Anna Kwa)","SynopsisShort":"The toco toucan’s large beak can help it to keep cool in the heat (credit: Anna Kwa)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gj/p02kgjmk.jpg","Title":"Toco toucan (Ramphastos toco) by Anna Kwa"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgjmk","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgjmk","_id":"59830a9f5e5614e02f2de759"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1348791,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgk0l.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"Getting nectar from deep flowers is no problem for sword-billed hummingbirds (credit: Richard Orr)","SynopsisMedium":"Getting nectar from deep flowers is no problem for sword-billed hummingbirds (credit: Richard Orr)","SynopsisShort":"Getting nectar from deep flowers is no problem for sword-billed hummingbirds","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgk0l.jpg","Title":"Sword-billed hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera) by Richard Orr"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgk0l","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgk0l","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c201b"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":724016,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkd7.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"Red-necked avocets sweep their long, slender and curved beaks from side to side (credit: Heather Thorning)","SynopsisMedium":"Red-necked avocets sweep their long, slender and curved beaks from side to side (credit: Heather Thorning)","SynopsisShort":"Red-necked avocets sweep their long, slender and curved beaks from side to side","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkd7.jpg","Title":"Red-necked avocet (Recurvirostra novaehollandiae) by Heather Thorning"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgkd7","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgkd7","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c2037"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1346852,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kgl86.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"A long slender bill makes probing for worms easy for a curlew (credit: Mick Thompson)","SynopsisMedium":"A long slender bill makes probing for worms easy for a curlew (credit: Mick Thompson)","SynopsisShort":"A long slender bill makes probing for worms easy for a curlew (credit: Mick Thompson)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kgl86.jpg","Title":"Long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) by Mick Thompson"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgl86","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgl86","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c2078"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1567679,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kglbp.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"An aracari's large beak is lighter than it looks (credit: Jim Cumming)","SynopsisMedium":"An aracari's large beak is lighter than it looks (credit: Jim Cumming)","SynopsisShort":"An aracari's large beak is lighter than it looks (credit: Jim Cumming)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kglbp.jpg","Title":"Collared aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) by Jim Cumming"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kglbp","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kglbp","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c2080"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":878003,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gj/p02kgjt8.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"The oriental pied hornbill has a large casque along the top of the beak (credit: Chan Boon Hong)","SynopsisMedium":"The oriental pied hornbill has a large casque along the top of the beak (credit: Chan Boon Hong)","SynopsisShort":"The oriental pied hornbill has a casque on the top of the beak (credit: Chan Boon Hong)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gj/p02kgjt8.jpg","Title":"Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) by Chan Boon Hong"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgjt8","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgjt8","_id":"5983eaa25e5614e02f2e5f34"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1360087,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkmf.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"Spoonbills’ distinctive bill snaps prey out of the water (credit: SwidahPhotography)","SynopsisMedium":"Spoonbills’ distinctive bill snaps prey out of the water (credit: SwidahPhotography)","SynopsisShort":"Spoonbills’ distinctive bill snaps prey out of the water (credit: SwidahPhotography)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkmf.jpg","Title":"Spoonbill (Platalea) by Mohammed Swidah"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgkmf","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgkmf","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c204b"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1485853,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kgl60.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"Australian pelican’s large throat pouch changes colour during breeding season (credit: Eve Boulanger-Grondin)","SynopsisMedium":"Australian pelican’s large throat pouch changes colour during breeding season (credit: Eve Boulanger-Grondin)","SynopsisShort":"Australian pelican’s large throat pouch changes colour during breeding season","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kgl60.jpg","Title":"Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus) by Eve Boulanger-Grondin"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgl60","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgl60","_id":"598314475e5614e02f2dec61"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1052333,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgk6r.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"The enormous pouch of the Dalmatian pelican acts like a net (credit: Christian Brysch)","SynopsisMedium":"The enormous pouch of the Dalmatian pelican acts like a net (credit: Christian Brysch)","SynopsisShort":"The enormous pouch of the Dalmatian pelican acts like a net (credit: Christian Brysch)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgk6r.jpg","Title":"Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) by Christian Brysch"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgk6r","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgk6r","_id":"598420c35e5614e02f2e7b46"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1360487,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgk8m.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"Flamingos filter feed with their head upside down in water (credit: SDR 2015)","SynopsisMedium":"Flamingos filter feed with their head upside down in water (credit: SDR 2015)","SynopsisShort":"Flamingos filter feed with their head upside down in water (credit: SDR 2015)","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgk8m.jpg","Title":"American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) by Steven Reynolds"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgk8m","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgk8m","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c202e"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1252546,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkfw.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"The formidable-looking beak of the yellow-billed hornbill is used to forage for seeds (credit: Rob Weaver)","SynopsisMedium":"The formidable-looking beak of the yellow-billed hornbill is used to forage for seeds (credit: Rob Weaver)","SynopsisShort":"The formidable-looking beak of the yellow-billed hornbill is used to forage for seeds","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkfw.jpg","Title":"Southern yellow-billed hornbill (Tockus leucomelas) by Rob Weaver"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgkfw","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgkfw","_id":"598419fe5e5614e02f2e77ba"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1697004,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkrm.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"The larger lower mandible of black skimmers skim for fish in shallow water (credit: Jerry Swain)","SynopsisMedium":"The larger lower mandible of black skimmers skim for fish in shallow water (credit: Jerry Swain)","SynopsisShort":"The larger lower mandible of black skimmers skim for fish in shallow water","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gk/p02kgkrm.jpg","Title":"Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) by Jerry Swain"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgkrm","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgkrm","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c2051"},{"Content":{"FileSizeBytes":1460132,"MimeType":"image/jpeg","SourceHeight":1080,"SourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://deltaorigin.bbc.co.uk/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kgl37.jpg","SourceWidth":1920,"SynopsisLong":"A red crossbill’s crossed beak tips prise seeds out of closed pine cones (credit: Tony Varela Photography)","SynopsisMedium":"A red crossbill’s crossed beak tips prise seeds out of closed pine cones (credit: Tony Varela Photography)","SynopsisShort":"A red crossbill’s crossed beak tips prise seeds out of closed pine cones","TemplateUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/$recipe/images/live/p0/2k/gl/p02kgl37.jpg","Title":"Red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) by Tony Varela"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Entity":"","Guid":"","Id":"p02kgl37","ModifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","Project":"","Slug":""},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p02kgl37","_id":"5981d18e5e5614e02f2c2065"}],"AssetSelect":"","AssetVideoIb2":null,"AssetVideoMps":null,"Author":null,"BodyHtml":"<p>A bird’s beak, or bill, is not just for gathering food. They can be used for grooming, fighting, courtship display, feeding young, nest-building, manipulating objects and even regulating temperature. All in all, beaks are quite the multifunctional tool.</p><p>Here are some of the world's more bizarre beaks and their specialisations.</p><p><strong>Toco toucan (<em>Ramphastos toco</em>) by Anna Kwa</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgjmk\"}}</p><p>The toco toucan’s impossibly showy beak constitutes one-third of the bird's total length. But it is not just for show, this multi-purpose appendage can be used to collect and skin fruit, frighten predators, attract mates and defend territory. Recent research has also shown that it also helps to keep the bird cool in the heat of the tropical day.</p><p>Anna took this superb example just after the toucan had been happily chasing butterflies. See <a title=\"Anna's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/annakwa/15035972904/\" target=\"_self\">Anna’s original image on Flickr</a>. </p><p><strong>Oriental pied hornbill (<em>Anthracoceros albirostris</em>) by Chan Boon Hong</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgjt8\"}}</p><p>It would be difficult to miss this mighty beak, which has to be supported by powerful muscles and fused vertebrae. It is used to catch prey, fight and preen. However, the most recognisable feature of most hornbills is the hollow structure along the top of the bill, called a casque. This reinforces the beak and may be used by males to fight, attract females and resonate sound.</p><p>Chan photographed this Oriental pied hornbill in Singapore when it perched just 5m away from him. He said, “I'm lucky to have a close encounter with this beauty.” <a title=\"Chan's image on Flickr\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/boon_hong/15832781804/\" target=\"_self\">Chan’s original image is on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Bald eagle (<em>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</em>) by Claudia Daniels</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgjw2\"}}</p><p>The wicked-looking beak of the bald eagle is typical for a bird of prey: it is strong and sharply curved for tearing flesh into easy-to-swallow chunks from fish, mammals and other birds. These beaks can also pierce and remove fur and feathers from prey.</p><p>This eagle flew out of the nest and landed very close to Claudia from Venice in Florida, “I just had enough time to point my camera at its head before it flew away,” she said. Here is <a title=\"Claudia's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blauermond/16331785590/\" target=\"_self\">Claudia’s original on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Sword-billed hummingbird (<em>Ensifera ensifera</em>) by Richard Orr</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgk0l\"}}</p><p>The sword-billed hummingbird's beak is remarkable because it is longer than the rest of its body. The extraordinary length of the hummingbird's beak and tongue, are adaptations to feeding on nectar from flowers that have long petals, such as species of passion flower. It is a nice example of co-evolution.</p><p>Richard photographed this individual on a foggy day in the Reserva Yanacocha, Ecuador. See <a title=\"Richard's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/dragonflyhunter/15643423383/\" target=\"_self\">Richard’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Dalmatian pelican (<em>Pelecanus crispus</em>) by Christian Brysch</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgk6r\"}}</p><p>There are big beaks and then there are pelican beaks.</p><p>Pelican feed almost entirely on fish that they scoop out of the water into the enormous throat pouch – the water is then drained out and the fish swallowed. The hook at the end of the top mandible is used to spear fish, which are tossed into the air before being swallowed.</p><p>This Dalmatian pelican was captured by Christian Brysch at Lake Kerkini in Greece when it landed on the edge of a fishing boat. See <a title=\"Christian's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/97737456@N07/16251922669/\" target=\"_self\">Christian’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>American flamingo (<em>Phoenicopterus ruber</em>) by Steven Reynolds</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgk8m\"}}</p><p>It's a flamingo's one-legged stance that it is widely famed for, but flamingo beaks are equally remarkable. Unlike most birds flamingos filter feed, in a similar manner to whales.</p><p>When filtering, a flamingo's head is held upside down in water for long periods, and consequently the jaw is reversed with the lower bill larger and stronger than the upper one.</p><p>Steven Reynolds took this image in wetlands outside Orlando, USA. “Because of their long necks, interesting beaks and continual preening, the birds take on many interesting and varied shapes,” he said. Here is <a title=\"Steven's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/sdrimagestore/15857038114/\" target=\"_self\">Steven’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Red-necked avocet (<em>Recurvirostra novaehollandiae</em>) by Heather Thorning</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgkd7\"}}</p><p>All four species of avocet have peculiarly shaped beaks that are long, thin and curve upwards. They sweep these slender bills from side to side, skimming mud and surface water. This action stirs up small invertebrates and the birds then use their beaks like tweezers to pick out individual prey.</p><p>This red-necked avocet was photographed by Heather feeding in a waterhole in Western Australia, a popular location for waders. See <a title=\"Heather's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/76524290@N08/15814641160/\" target=\"_self\">Heather’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Southern yellow-billed hornbill (<em>Tockus leucomelas</em>) by Rob Weaver</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgkfw\"}}</p><p>The formidable-looking, heavy beak of this hornbill is used to forage for seeds, small insects and spiders on the ground. The birds then jerk their head to toss the food to the back of the throat. In this species, the casque on the top mandible is not as obvious as in many other hornbills, such as the Oriental pied hornbill above.</p><p>Rob captured this one on Canon 40D camera in Botswana in February 2015. See <a title=\"Rob's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/robwildlife2/16296336500/\" target=\"_self\">Rob’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Spoonbill (<em>Platalea</em>) by Mohammed Swidah</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgkmf\"}}</p><p>The shape of a spoonbill's beak shouldn’t come as any surprise. They wade through shallow water, stirring up mud and debris, swinging the partly open beak from side to side through the water. When the long, flat, spatulate bill touches prey it snaps shut, before the prey is pulled from the water and swallowed.</p><p>This feeding behaviour was beautifully captured by Mohammed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Here is <a title=\"Mohammed's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/drswidah/15756333904/\" target=\"_self\">Mohammed’s original on Flickr</a>.</p><p> <strong>Black skimmer (<em>Rynchops niger</em>) by Jerry Swain</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgkrm\"}}</p><p>The large and unequal red and black beaks of the skimmers are both unusual and unique. The skimmers fish by dragging, or skimming, the longer lower mandible through the water as they fly low and fast over the surface of shallow water. The lower mandible snaps shut on any small fish that are caught.</p><p>There are three species of skimmer. This black skimmer, on the beach at Fort Pierce, Florida was taken by Jerry Swain who was initially looking for an oystercatcher: “I found a wide variety of shore/sea bird species but did not find an oystercatcher that day,” he said. See <a title=\"Jerry's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/photo_fl/16311853429/\" target=\"_self\">Jerry’s original on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Red crossbill (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) by Tony Varela</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgl37\"}}</p><p>Crossbills have one of the most peculiar and specialised beaks in the bird world. The crossed bill tips may look odd, but it is in fact a clever adaptation to getting seeds out of closed pine cones.</p><p>The bird inserts the tips of its bill under a cone scale and bites down. The result is that the scale is prised open, exposing the seed. Interestingly, each species' bill shape is optimised for opening seeds from different species of conifer.</p><p>This red crossbill image was taken by Tony in his garden in Washington, USA. See <a title=\"Tony's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/tony-v/15117068381/\" target=\"_self\">Tony’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Australian pelican (<em>Pelecanus conspicillatus</em>) by Eve Boulanger-Grondin</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgl60\"}}</p><p>Pelicans have some of the longest beaks in the avian world, with sizes approaching half a metre in length. Acting like a net, a pouch can hold up to 13 litres of water.</p><p>When not feeding, the enormous pouches are folded and can be quite colourful, particularly during the breeding season. </p><p>Eve took this photograph on a trip to a water park in Bali, Indonesia. She told BBC Earth, “They were very easy to approach so it was a nice opportunity for me to photograph them.” Here is <a title=\"Eve's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/__eve__/9703706701/\" target=\"_self\">Eve’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Long-billed curlew (<em>Numenius americanus</em>) by Mick Thompson</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgl86\"}}</p><p>As far as long thin bills go they don’t get any more impressive than the curlew. The remarkably long and slender beak curves downward and is the perfect adaption for probing mudflats, and very soft ground, for worms and other invertebrates. The beak can measure 20 cm or more in length.</p><p>This fine example of a long-billed curlew was taken after sunrise by Mick in wetlands where the San Diego River empties into the Pacific, just a few miles from downtown San Diego, California. See <a title=\"Mick's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/mickthompson/16396942015/\" target=\"_self\">Mick’s original image on Flickr</a>.</p><p><strong>Collared aracari (<em>Pteroglossus torquatus</em>) by Jim Cumming</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglbp\"}}</p><p>The large showy beaks of aracaris, like all toucans, look very heavy and not suitable for flight. They are, in fact, extremely thin and aerodynamic, re-inforced with a crisscross of lightweight rods made of bone. The widely spaced tooth-like protrusions on the upper mandible of the collared aracari help them catch and grasp fruit.</p><p>This image was taken by Jim in Costa Rica. “We just watched a small flock pig out on bananas,” he said. See <a title=\"Jim's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/8721305@N05/16347036186/\" target=\"_self\">Jim’s original in Flickr</a>.</p><p>You can follow BBC Earth on <a title=\"BBC Earth Twitter\" href=\"https://twitter.com/bbcearth\" target=\"_self\">Twitter</a>, <a title=\"BBC Earth Facebook\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bbcearth\" target=\"_self\">Facebook</a> and <a title=\"BBC Earth Instagram\" href=\"http://instagram.com/bbcearth/\" target=\"_self\">Instagram</a>.</p><p>Thank you to all the photographers who gave BBC Earth permission use their images.</p>","BusinessUnit":"public service","CalloutBody":"","CalloutPosition":"","CalloutSubtitle":"","CalloutTitle":"","Campaign":null,"Collection":null,"DisableAdverts":false,"DisplayDate":"2015-02-24T00:00:16Z","Geolocation":null,"HeadlineLong":"The wonderful world of bird beaks","HeadlineShort":"The world's weirdest bird beaks","HideRelated":false,"Horizontal":null,"Intro":"From the impossibly large and showy to sharp and deadly, each of these bird beaks is superbly designed for purpose","IsSyndicated":false,"Latitude":"","Location":null,"Longitude":"","Option":null,"Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Programme":null,"RelatedStory":[{"Content":{"AssetCustom":"","AssetIbroadcast":null,"AssetImage":[],"AssetImagePromo":null,"AssetInfographic":"","AssetInline":[],"AssetSelect":"","AssetVideoIb2":null,"AssetVideoMps":null,"Author":null,"BodyHtml":"<p>Very few of us ever get this close to a beetle; however these talented photographers have done just that, showing a more other-worldly look at these imposing insects.</p><p><strong>Net-Winged beetle (<em>Lycidae</em> sp) by Mika Andrianoelison</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j911q\"}}</p><p>Mika shot this net-winged beetle on a micro-safari tour in the garden in Antananarivo, Madagascar, a few minutes before dusk in the rainy season.</p><p>He told BBC Earth that, when coming face-to-face with beetles, “You can never predict exactly what is going to happen next, I find it challenging to try to capture their natural poses and their everyday life.”</p><p><a title=\"Mika's original Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/mika_andrianoelison/16367819156/\" target=\"_self\">See Mika’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Sardinian stag beetle (<em>Dorcus musimon</em>) by Rinaldo Riva</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8y55\"}}</p><p>Rinaldo found this male stag beetle in the countryside of north Sardinia.</p><p>“I love nature and macro photography and it's really a beautiful guy to shoot with its great face,” he said.</p><p><a title=\"Rinaldo's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/rovanto/15833720960/\" target=\"_self\">See Rinaldo’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Rhinoceros beetle (<em>Xylotrupes gideon</em>) by Michael Doe</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j92lh\"}}</p><p>This impressive rhinoceros beetle really stands out against the background colour. They can grow up to 6cm in size and are found across most of South East Asia.</p><p>Michael told BBC Earth that, “The colours in the background are gum leaves and flowers.”</p><p><a title=\"Michael's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/mickdoe/15738844174/\" target=\"_self\">See Michael’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Ground beetle (<em>Catascopus</em> sp) by David Ball</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j78qn\"}}</p><p>David took this photograph of a relatively large ground beetle in Singapore; it is about 2cm in length.</p><p>“It's a very skittish beetle and difficult to photograph so you need lots of time and patience, its behaviour is to dart, stop then dart again, usually heading for the dark underside of a fallen log,” he said.</p><p><a title=\"David's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/davegball/16387332935/\" target=\"_self\">See David’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Cockchafer (<em>Melolontha melolontha</em>) by Mark Horton</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j7525\"}}</p><p>Moths are not the only visitors to Mark's moth traps on Surrey Heath, UK. In the warmer months he quite often finds sleepy cockchafers hanging around in the early morning.</p><p>“They may not be much fun when they're clumsily buzzing loudly around your ears, but through a macro lens, up close and personal, they are fascinating and even beautiful insects – at least to me,” Mark told BBC Earth.</p><p><a title=\"Mark's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/markqpr/8750733690/\" target=\"_self\">See Mark’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Stag beetle (<em>Lucanus cervus</em>) by Robert Blanken</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8w0l\"}}</p><p>Robert was excited to see several stag beetles while on holiday in Slovenia, as they are hardly seen where he lives in the Netherlands.</p><p>“They are a little bit clumsy, this one landed in the grass. While I was taking some pictures, the beetle suddenly showed its wings and flew away. So it is more or less a lucky shot,” he said.</p><p><a title=\"Robert's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/robblanken/15740977260/\" target=\"_self\">See Robert’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Western Hercules beetle (<em>Dynastes granti</em>) by Marlin Harms</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j77bd\"}}</p><p>Western Hercules beetles are a large species of rhinoceros beetle that can grow to a massive 8cm in size; females lack the impressive horn seen in this male.</p><p>This fine example is from southeast Arizona, USA.</p><p><a title=\"Marlin's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/marlinharms/15139699957/\" target=\"_self\">See Marlin’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Harlequin ladybird (<em>Harmonia axyridis</em>) by Antony Cooper</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8wlp\"}}</p><p>On being face-to-face with a beetle Antony said, “One thing I can say is that the last thing a beetle wants to be is face to face with me, or my lens. They will go to any lengths to show me their behind and a clean pair of heels!”</p><p><a title=\"Antony's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/30704753@N02/15602535283\" target=\"_self\">See Antony’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Tiger beetle (Cicindelinae sp) by Simon Lai</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jbbbj\"}}</p><p>Macro photography is a hobby for Simon, who took this amazing photograph of a tiger beetle in the Bukit Apeh region of Malaysia.</p><p>“I found this tiger beetle sleeping on a leaf one morning, that is how I managed to get this close-up shot, near a small stream. Normally they are very active on the ground, and move fast when we try to photograph them,” he told BBC Earth.</p><p><a title=\"Simon's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/42998647@N07/15606868220/\" target=\"_self\">See Simon’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Trunk beetle (Curculionidae sp) by Sergio Calixto</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8sgs\"}}</p><p>Some children helped Sergio take this picture of a large black trunk beetle in a garden in São Paulo, Brazil.</p><p>As Sergio got closer “I saw it was a beautiful and large beetle trunk,” he said.</p><p><a title=\"Sergio's Flickr image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/98294592@N07/16043618899/\" target=\"_self\">See Sergio’s original image in Flickr</a></p><p><strong>Brown flower beetle (Cetoniinae sp) by Deb Yarrow</strong></p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8z9t\"}}</p><p>Deb was crawling around in her local botanic garden in Brisbane, Australia, when she came across this beetle in the flowers.</p><p>On being face-to-face with a beetle, Deb commented, “First you need to be on the same level, unfortunately I couldn’t find a paper daisy 1.5m tall, so I had to get in the dirt – all part of the workflow for a dedicated macro photographer!”</p><p><a title=\"Deb's original image\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/debyarrow/16192037527/\" target=\"_self\">See Deb‘s original image in Flickr</a></p><p>Thank you to all the photographers who gave BBC Earth permission use their images.</p><p>You can follow BBC Earth on <a title=\"BBC Earth Twitter\" href=\"https://twitter.com/bbcearth\" target=\"_self\">Twitter</a>, <a title=\"BBC Earth Facebook\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bbcearth\" target=\"_self\">Facebook</a> and <a title=\"BBC Earth Instagram\" href=\"http://instagram.com/bbcearth/\" target=\"_self\">Instagram</a>.</p>","BusinessUnit":"public service","CalloutBody":"","CalloutPosition":"","CalloutSubtitle":"","CalloutTitle":"","Campaign":null,"Collection":null,"DisableAdverts":false,"DisplayDate":"2015-02-09T08:35:29Z","Geolocation":null,"HeadlineLong":"Face-to-face with 11 amazing beetles ","HeadlineShort":"11 astonishing beetle images","HideRelated":false,"Horizontal":null,"Intro":"Stunning macro photography of beetles from around the world","IsSyndicated":false,"Latitude":"","Location":null,"Longitude":"","Option":null,"Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Programme":null,"RelatedStory":[],"RelatedTag":null,"StoryType":"image","SummaryLong":"Stunning macro photography of beetles from around the world","SummaryShort":"Stunning macro photography of beetles from around the world","SuperSection":null,"Tag":null},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-02-09T08:35:29Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"02af74df-f902-47d9-b48b-2f3364a69c69","Id":"wwearth/story/20150205-face-to-face-with-a-beetle","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-09-03T09:03:04.525024Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20150205-face-to-face-with-a-beetle"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:story:wwearth/story/20150205-face-to-face-with-a-beetle","_id":"5981d2f75e5614e02f2ce813"},{"Content":{"AssetCustom":"","AssetIbroadcast":null,"AssetImage":[],"AssetImagePromo":null,"AssetInfographic":"","AssetInline":[],"AssetSelect":"","AssetVideoIb2":null,"AssetVideoMps":null,"Author":[],"BodyHtml":"<p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jv5xq\"}}</p><p>Trying to capture the beauty of Norway across the calendar year has become a personal mission for professional UK photographer, <strong><a title=\"Tom Vooght biography - TMV Media\" href=\"http://www.tmvmedia.com/bio.html\" target=\"_self\">Tom Vooght</a></strong>.</p><p>\"It's a very amazing country. It may be cold, but the people are warm-hearted, friendly and willing to help. The air is crystal clear with absolutely mind-boggling landscapes, delicious food, amazing aurora and magical light,\" said Tom.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jv4dv\"}}</p><p>\"So long as you have the right attire, and there's a fire in the house, one can tolerate the weather.\"</p><p>Tom's travels have taken him to the northernmost reaches of mainland Norway, meaning he has occasionally had to brave some pretty cold temperatures along the way.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jxxyq\"}}</p><p>One such moment occurred when he was in Breivikeidet, a village about 40 miles (50km) southeast of Tromsø – the largest city in northern Norway.</p><p>\"I was told the temperature was about -30°C after a few hours. My photography partner – who is a viking – was putting his gloves on, which is unheard of!</p><p>\"As the light faded, the tips of the mountain were lit and the sky was a magical colour,\" Tom added.</p><p>The panorama above was made by stitching two shots together with computer software.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jtx86\"}}</p><p>\"On the way from Alta to Tromsø, I stopped and saw an amazing landscape. This image [above] is three shots stitched and blended [using computer software],\" Tom explained.</p><p>And while in Tromsø, he was delighted to capture an image of the northern lights – also known as the aurora borealis – particularly because he had been advised before his trip that it would not be possible to capture it from the city.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jtx1d\"}}</p><p>\"I arrived at the hotel, dumped my bags in my room, and took my tripod and camera out for a look. I set up and looked at what was definitely a brightening of green rising from the top of the mountain. I took this,\" said Tom, describing his triumphant moment.</p><p>Whilst visiting the district of Lofoten – an area Tom describes as: \"spectacularly beautiful, with mountains that Tolkien would have been proud of\" – he was focusing on capturing its distinctive scenery of mountains peaks, open sea and sheltered bays.</p><p>It was in the town of Vågan that Tom spotted an oystercatcher sitting on its nest, which was built on an incomplete seawall.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jv5g3\"}}</p><p>After putting on his 500mm lens and finding a spot where he could observe without being noticed, Tom waited patiently for \"the changing of the guard\" as he put it, when the pair swap incubating duties in a very animated and vocal fashion.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jtx2y\"}}</p><p>One of Tom’s most challenging wild moments in Norway came when he went out on a whale watching trip while staying at Stø in the Vesterålen, Nordland county:</p><p>\"After about an hour of some reasonably rough seas, I was treated to a great display of breathing and diving by a group of sperm whales. Amazing sight.</p><p>\"I think it takes seeing them to appreciate their size,\" he added, before describing his \"awful\" trip back:</p><p>\"I slept on deck; it was snowing. And the waves were a similar height to the boat.\"</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jv5qj\"}}</p><p>To date, Tom has made five trips to Norway and attempted to see as much of it as possible.</p><p>Finnmark is Norway's most northernmost and also largest county in area – larger than the whole of Denmark. However, with a population of approximately 75,000, it is also the least populated of all Norwegian counties.</p><p>Skarsvåg in northern Finnmark is allegedly the world’s most northerly permanently inhabited fishing village. It was here, on a \"phenomenally cold\" June day, that Tom’s eye was again drawn to the water.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jv68z\"}}</p><p>I had noticed several pairs of arctic terns feeding and passing food. I wanted to have a motion-blurred background with the bird in perfect crisp focus… it almost worked, but I really liked the effect,\" he said.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jv4sb\"}}</p><p>Even with the best planning and research before his trips, Tom admitted that he hasn’t been able to tick all the wild animals of northern Norway off his wish list.</p><p>But a trip to a wildlife centre at Bardu in the county of Troms, has meant he has managed to capture animals that are very difficult to photograph in the wild.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jxyqm\"}}</p><p>There are thought to only be six family groups of Eurasian lynx in northern Norway, and with limited time, Tom knew that pursuing wild lynx wasn’t really an option:</p><p>\"The only way to realistically get a shot like this [in a short space of time] is to visit a wildlife park.\"</p><p>But he was quick to point out that the enclosures had some of the largest areas per animal in the world – and that it didn’t detract from photographing an animal he admires.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jtx59\"}}</p><p>\"Even though it wasn't as wild as I would have wanted, it was a wild moment,” enthused Tom, speaking about making eye contact with this wolf.</p><p>\"I love the image, and the reminder of the feeling that went straight through me.\"</p><p>You can follow <strong><a title=\"Tom Vooght on Twitter\" href=\"https://twitter.com/tmvmedia\" target=\"_self\">Tom Vooght on Twitter</a></strong> or <strong><a title=\"Tom Vooght on Facebook\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/TMVmedia?ref=ts&fref=ts\" target=\"_self\">Facebook</a></strong>.</p><p>BBC Earth is seeking your stunning photos and inspiring short films of the wonderful world around you. We will then help share your world, with the world, in front of an audience of millions.</p><p>This is your chance to join the <strong><a title=\"BBC Earth Capture\" href=\"http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/earth-capture\" target=\"_self\">BBC Earth Capture</a></strong> community and tell your #EarthCapture stories via BBC Earth.</p><p>You can follow BBC Earth on <strong><a title=\"BBC Earth on Facebook\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bbcearth\" target=\"_self\">Facebook</a></strong>, <strong><a title=\"BBC Earth on Twitter\" href=\"https://twitter.com/bbcearth\" target=\"_self\">Twitter</a></strong> and <strong><a title=\"BBC Earth on Instagram\" href=\"http://instagram.com/bbcearth/\" target=\"_self\">Instagram</a></strong>.</p>","BusinessUnit":"public service","CalloutBody":"","CalloutPosition":"","CalloutSubtitle":"","CalloutTitle":"","Campaign":null,"Collection":null,"DisableAdverts":false,"DisplayDate":"2015-02-16T10:37:57Z","Geolocation":null,"HeadlineLong":"The wild wonders of Norway","HeadlineShort":"Norway's wild wonders","HideRelated":false,"Horizontal":null,"Intro":"From hardy arctic foxes to folklore of trolls creating the aurora's lights, Norway has some of the most incredible landscapes and wildlife on Earth","IsSyndicated":false,"Latitude":"","Location":null,"Longitude":"","Option":null,"Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Programme":null,"RelatedStory":[],"RelatedTag":null,"StoryType":"slideshow","SummaryLong":"Stunning images by Tom Vooght reveal Norway's wild and rugged beauty","SummaryShort":"Stunning images by Tom Vooght reveal Norway's wild and rugged beauty","SuperSection":null,"Tag":[]},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-02-16T10:37:57Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"d4a7e808-00b4-46a0-a44e-e925c4df58bf","Id":"wwearth/story/20150213-amazing-images-of-norway-wild-wonders","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-13T11:34:02.147824Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20150213-amazing-images-of-norway-wild-wonders"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:story:wwearth/story/20150213-amazing-images-of-norway-wild-wonders","_id":"5981d2fb5e5614e02f2ceac1"},{"Content":{"AssetCustom":"","AssetIbroadcast":null,"AssetImage":[],"AssetImagePromo":null,"AssetInfographic":"","AssetInline":[],"AssetSelect":"","AssetVideoIb2":null,"AssetVideoMps":null,"Author":[],"BodyHtml":"<p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm35\"}}</p><p><strong>Grand Prismatic Spring, USA</strong></p><p>The multi-coloured <a href=\"http://mms.nps.gov/yell/ofvec/exhibits/treasures/thermals/hotspring/grandprismatic.htm\">Grand Prismatic Spring</a> is the largest hot spring in Yellowstone National Park in the USA. It is 90m across and over 50m deep.</p><p>The mineral-rich pool has concentric bands of vibrant colours from red to green, due to different sets of heat-loving pigmented bacteria in each band. The <a href=\"http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/fieldtrips/2007/explorations/grand_prismatic/\">brilliant blue</a> central part is extremely hot with temperatures reaching up to 87°C.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm8f\"}}</p><p><strong>Spotted Lake, Canada</strong></p><p>This is an alkaline lake rich in minerals, particularly sulphates, and contains small doses of silver and titanium. The circular spots appear during summer when most of the water evaporates.</p><p>Located in British Columbia, the lake is locally called Kliluk, and is considered sacred. During World War I, <a href=\"http://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/16532.html\" target=\"_blank\">the lake's salts were used to make explosives</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglkw\"}}</p><p><strong>Lake Retba, Senegal</strong></p><p>Resembling a giant pool of strawberry pink lemonade, Lake Retba has very high levels of salt, so it is easy for people to float on its water. It also attracts salt harvesters.</p><p>The lake is near Senegal's Atlantic coast. It gets its brilliant pink colour from salt-loving microalgae called Dunaliella salina, which produce a red pigment to help absorb sunlight. The colour is especially prominent during the dry season.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglkd\"}}</p><p><strong>Blood Falls, Antarctica </strong></p><p>In the frozen wastes of east Antarctica, a bright-red cascading waterfall flows out of fissures in the Taylor Glacier. The water comes from a hyper-salty lake, which has been trapped beneath the glacier for 2 million years.</p><p>As the iron-rich water flows out, the iron reacts with oxygen in the air to form rust, giving the waterfall its vivid red colour. The ancient community of microbes in the lake <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1167350\">could provide clues to life on prehistoric Earth and other planets</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm4t\"}}</p><p><strong>Caño Cristales, Colombia</strong></p><p>During a brief period between September and November, this river changes from ordinary clear water to a rainbow of colour. The vivid hues of red, blue, green and orange are caused by an endemic plant, <a href=\"http://eol.org/pages/5491532/overview\"><em>Macarenia clavigera</em></a>, blooming in the water - as well as mosses and algae.</p><p>The river is located in a remote part of the Serranía de la Macarena mountain range. It was closed off until the mid-2000s due to <a href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8266415.stm\">guerrilla activity</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm77\"}}</p><p><strong>Boiling Lake, Dominica</strong></p><p>This lake literally boils and breathes out steam. It is located high up in Morne Trois Pitons National Park, and is accessible only by an arduous hike.</p><p>The lake is <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005773\">constantly heated by molten lava underneath</a>, which vents steam and hot gas through an opening into the lake. Swimming here can be deadly.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm28\"}}</p><p><strong>Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia</strong></p><p>This 10,582 sq km site is the world's largest salt flat. Hexagonal mesh-like patterns of salt, intermixed with salt mounds, dot the landscape.</p><p>During the wet season, the salt desert gets flooded by water from neighbouring lakes and transforms into a giant mirror reflecting the sky. The area is a major source of lithium.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglym\"}}</p><p><strong>Pamukkale Travertine Terraces, Turkey</strong></p><p>Turquoise pools of water fill up limestone terraces, which were once deposited by flowing, mineral-rich hot springs.</p><p>Also called the Cotton Castle, the Pamukkale terraces lie next to the ancient Roman city of Hieropolis. Together, the terraces and city are a <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/485\">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglrv\"}}</p><p><strong>Pitch Lake, Trinidad</strong></p><p>The black and viscous <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5645/\">La Brea Pitch Lake</a> is the largest natural deposit of tar or asphalt in the world. The lake is thought to lie between two faults, through which underground oil seeps up.</p><p>Tiny water droplets suspended in the tar <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1252215\">are home to many microorganisms</a>. The lake is also a <a href=\"http://www.tarpits.org/la-brea-tar-pits/faqs\">treasure chest of fossilised animals</a> that became entrapped in the sticky asphalt.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglss\"}}</p><p><strong>Loktak Lake, India</strong> </p><p>This lake is speckled by <em>phumdis</em>: large, circular masses of intertwined vegetation, soil and other organic matter. The largest <em>phumdi</em> covers over 40 sq km.</p><p>Rich in biodiversity, the lake is home to threatened animals like <a href=\"http://eol.org/pages/1055458/overview\">Indian pythons</a> and <a href=\"http://eol.org/pages/2921781/overview\">hoolock gibbons</a>. It also supplies water to a hydropower project.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm6t\"}}</p><p><strong>Manicouagan Reservoir, Canada</strong></p><p>Also called the \"Eye of Quebec\", Lake Manicougan formed when a meteorite struck the earth's surface several hundred million years ago.</p><p>The central part of the ring is raised, and its highest point is known as Mount Babel. The lake covers an area of almost 2000 sq km.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm0k\"}}</p><p><strong>Plitvice Lakes, Croatia</strong></p><p>Within a forested national park in Croatia, a series of 16 interlinked lakes cascade into waterfalls. The lakes are separated by natural limestone dams.</p><p>Declared a National Park in 1949, the Plitvice Lakes are a <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=98\">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. The park has rich biodiversity, including rare animals like lynx, European polecats, and wolves.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kgm5m\"}}</p><p><strong>Kelimutu Crater Lakes, Indonesia</strong></p><p>Atop the Kelimutu volcano in Indonesia lie three crater lakes, each a different colour. The lakes are next to each other within the crest of the same volcano. They change their colours periodically, ranging from blue to green, red, black, and even chocolate brown or white.   </p><p>The three lakes have <a href=\"http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/GJ/pdf/2803/28030243.PDF\">different temperatures and chemical compositions</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02kglw0\"}}</p><p><strong>Champagne Pool, New Zealand</strong></p><p>Like in a glass of champagne, carbon dioxide gas constantly bubbles through the Champagne Pool. The hot spring formed about 900 years ago, and has a surface water temperature of about 74°C.</p><p>The vibrant orange edges of the pool are rich in silica, with deposits of arsenic and antimony sulphides. There are also deposits of mercury, thallium, gold and silver in the surrounding rocks.</p>","BusinessUnit":"bbc.com","CalloutBody":"","CalloutPosition":"","CalloutSubtitle":"","CalloutTitle":"","Campaign":null,"Collection":[],"DisableAdverts":false,"DisplayDate":"2015-02-20T17:56:55Z","Geolocation":null,"HeadlineLong":"The 14 most amazing bodies of water on our planet","HeadlineShort":"The 14 most amazing water bodies","HideRelated":false,"Horizontal":null,"Intro":"From a spring that bubbles like champagne to lakes that change colour, explore Earth's most beautiful bodies of water","IsSyndicated":true,"Latitude":"","Location":null,"Longitude":"","Option":null,"Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Programme":null,"RelatedStory":[],"RelatedTag":[],"StoryType":"slideshow","SummaryLong":"From a spring that bubbles like champagne to lakes that change colour, explore Earth's most beautiful bodies of water","SummaryShort":"The unearthly beauty of lakes and springs","SuperSection":null,"Tag":[]},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-02-20T17:56:55Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"99230755-1cb8-4d83-86cf-86733ed33fc2","Id":"wwearth/story/20150221-the-14-most-amazing-water-bodies","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-09-03T09:13:20.975105Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20150221-the-14-most-amazing-water-bodies"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:story:wwearth/story/20150221-the-14-most-amazing-water-bodies","_id":"598294b65e5614e02f2daa49"},{"Content":{"AssetCustom":"","AssetIbroadcast":null,"AssetImage":[],"AssetImagePromo":null,"AssetInfographic":"","AssetInline":[],"AssetSelect":"","AssetVideoIb2":null,"AssetVideoMps":null,"Author":[],"BodyHtml":"<p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nyn\"}}</p><p><strong>Fairy Chimneys, Turkey</strong></p><p>These strange conical spires are found in the Cappadocia region of Turkey.</p><p>Several million years ago, active volcanoes spewed volcanic ash that covered the ground. Rainwater and wind eroded the soft compressed volcanic ash, leaving behind the harder overlying basalts, forming the fairy chimneys.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8p02\"}}</p><p><strong>Ha Long Bay, Vietnam</strong></p><p>This spectacular landscape is dotted with limestone pillars, arches and caves. The rocks have been shaped by the repeated rise and fall of the sea over 500 million years. The bay also includes over 1600 islands and islets, most of them uninhabited.</p><p>According to legends, dragons created the islands and rocks to keep invaders out of Vietnam.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8ntc\"}}</p><p><strong>Eye of the Sahara, Mauritania</strong></p><p>Formally known as the <a href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_528.html\" target=\"_blank\">Richat Structure</a>, the Eye of the Sahara looks like a bullseye from above.</p><p>Located in the Sahara desert, it is a dome-shaped rock structure about 50 km across. Once thought to have been caused by a meteorite impact, it is now believed to have formed from uplifted rock that was later eroded.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nvw\"}}</p><p><strong>The Great Blue Hole, Belize</strong></p><p>This underwater sinkhole is 320 m wide and 125 m deep, and a major scuba diving attraction. It is part of the Belize Barrier Reef, which is in turn part of the <a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141128-the-other-great-barrier-reef\" target=\"_blank\">Mesoamerican Reef</a>.</p><p>This hole is believed to have formed during the recent ice ages, when <a href=\"http://ambergriscaye.com/fieldguide/geology.html\" target=\"_blank\">a submerged limestone cave system collapsed</a> due to changes in the sea level. Huge stalactites and stalagmites are found in the hole, which contain records of past climates.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8p1l\"}}</p><p><strong>Moeraki Boulders, New Zealand</strong></p><p>Resembling giant turtle shells, these spherical <a href=\"http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/moeraki-boulders\">boulders</a> lie strewn on New Zealand's Koekohe Beach.</p><p>These boulders started forming in sediments on the sea floor over 60 million years ago. Carbonates built up around a central core, similar to the way pearls form around a speck of grit.</p><p>According to Maori legends, the boulders are remnants of gourds and eel baskets, washed ashore from the wreck of a sailing canoe.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nqh\"}}</p><p><strong>Zhangye Danxia, China</strong></p><p>These rainbow mountains look like something out of a painting. The Danxia landforms, found in China's Gansu Province, are made of strips of red sandstone that were deposited over millions of years, like slices of a layered cake.</p><p>But a word of caution: many online pictures of these hills are probably the result of image manipulation.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nlp\"}}</p><p><strong>Stone Forest, China</strong></p><p>Blade-like columns of limestone, many over 10 m tall, form a landscape that resembles a forest of stones. The region is a <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1248\">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</p><p>The stone forests formed some 270 million years ago in what was once a shallow sea. Sandstone and limestone accumulated in the basin, and was eventually pushed up into the air. The rocks were then shaped by wind and water to create these spectacular stone pillars.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02jb8gp\"}}</p><p><strong>Valley of the Moon, Argentina</strong></p><p>Arid and rugged, this barren landscape looks like – you guessed it - the surface of the Moon. But it is actually a fossil graveyard.</p><p>The site contains <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/966\" target=\"_blank\">undisturbed deposits from 250-200 million years ago</a>. Fossils of <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1198467\" target=\"_blank\">some of the oldest dinosaurs</a>, fish, amphibians, reptiles and over 100 species of plants have been found. There are also huge petrified tree trunks.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8pc1\"}}</p><p><strong>Wave Rock, Australia</strong></p><p>This concave rock is 14 m high and 110 m long. It is part of the northern side of Hyden Rock, a giant granite outcrop over 2.7 billion years old, located in Hyden Wildlife Park in Western Australia.</p><p>The wave is believed to have formed by the action of running water on granite. The colourful streaks on its face are made of minerals left behind by rainwater run-off.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nx4\"}}</p><p><strong>Chocolate Hills, the Philippines</strong></p><p>There are about 1500 of these limestone mounds in Bohol province in the Philippines. They are normally covered by grass, but turn a deep-brown colour during the dry season.</p><p>In 1988, the Chocolate Hills were <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5024/\" target=\"_blank\">declared the Philippines' third National Geological Monument</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8npp\"}}</p><p><strong>Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland</strong></p><p>These massive hexagonal black basalt columns rise like steps and interlock neatly. There are <a href=\"http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/369\" target=\"_blank\">over 40,000</a>.</p><p>They probably formed after volcanic activity 50-60 million years ago. The sizes of the columns were most likely <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805132106\" target=\"_blank\">determined by the speed at which the erupted lava cooled</a>.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8ngp\"}}</p><p><strong>Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah</strong></p><p>Located on the Colorado Plateau, the <a href=\"http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/education/Foos/bryce.pdf\">Bryce Canyon</a> in southern Utah is a natural amphitheatre filled with spires and <a href=\"http://www.nps.gov/brca/naturescience/hoodoos.htm\">hoodoos</a>. The Paiute Native Americans called it \"red rocks standing like men in a bowl-shaped canyon\".</p><p>The hoodoos were formed when water repeatedly froze and melted in the vertical cracks of sedimentary rocks. Some hoodoos are taller than a 10-storey building.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nkn\"}}</p><p><strong>Vermillion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona</strong></p><p>Popular among hikers, <a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150203-amazing-film-of-national-treasure\" target=\"_blank\">Vermillion Cliffs</a> is a treasure trove of deep canyons and steep cliffs. It is also home to \"The Wave\" (pictured), which is made up of undulating sandstone.</p><p>The <a href=\"http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/natmon/vermilion.html\">Monument</a> is located on the Colorado Plateau, and gets its rich reddish hues from the sandstone that formed the landscape. The colours of the site change as the day progresses.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nnc\"}}</p><p><strong>Cave of the Crystals, Mexico</strong></p><p>This cave contains gigantic, sword-like gypsum crystals. It is 300m underground in the Naica Mine in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It was discovered by <a href=\"http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/11/crystal-giants/shea-text/2\">two brothers</a> drilling for lead and silver.</p><p>The enormous crystals are believed to have formed when gypsum-saturated groundwater flowed through the caves, and was heated and cooled by hot magma below. Some of the largest crystals may be over 500,000 years old.</p><p>{\"image\":{\"pid\":\"p02j8nrt\"}}</p><p><strong>San Andreas Fault, California</strong></p><p>This is one giant fracture on the earth's crust, nearly 1,300 km long. The fault line began forming over 30 million years ago when two massive tectonic plates – the Pacific and North American – collided.</p><p>A major earthquake <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140117\" target=\"_blank\">may well strike the San Andreas Fault</a> in the coming decades.</p>","BusinessUnit":"bbc.com","CalloutBody":"","CalloutPosition":"","CalloutSubtitle":"","CalloutTitle":"","Campaign":null,"Collection":[],"DisableAdverts":false,"DisplayDate":"2015-02-05T09:45:08Z","Geolocation":null,"HeadlineLong":"The 15 most amazing landscapes and rock formations","HeadlineShort":"The 15 most amazing landforms","HideRelated":false,"Horizontal":null,"Intro":"Shaped and sculpted over millions of years, these stunning landscapes and rock formations hold invaluable clues to Earth's past and future","IsSyndicated":true,"Latitude":"","Location":null,"Longitude":"","Option":null,"Partner":null,"PrimaryVertical":"wwearth","Programme":null,"RelatedStory":[],"RelatedTag":[],"StoryType":"slideshow","SummaryLong":"Shaped and sculpted over millions of years, these stunning landscapes and rock formations hold invaluable clues to Earth's past and future","SummaryShort":"Earth's most stunning rocky structures","SuperSection":null,"Tag":[]},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-02-05T09:45:08Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"2b4447fd-04ad-4b86-9b8b-ca68fb57be93","Id":"wwearth/story/20150205-the-15-most-amazing-landforms","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-09-03T09:05:56.441223Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20150205-the-15-most-amazing-landforms"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:story:wwearth/story/20150205-the-15-most-amazing-landforms","_id":"5981d2f85e5614e02f2ce865"}],"RelatedTag":null,"StoryType":"image","SummaryLong":"From the impossibly large and showy to sharp and deadly, each of these bird beaks is superbly designed for purpose","SummaryShort":"14 of the most amazing bird beaks, and why they are so special","SuperSection":null,"Tag":null,"CreationDateTime":"2015-02-24T00:00:16Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"3479f2cb-3358-4b3a-bc07-b336a9dc6fef","Id":"wwearth/story/20150223-the-weird-world-of-bird-beaks","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-09-03T09:06:20.842679Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20150223-the-weird-world-of-bird-beaks"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2015-02-24T00:00:16Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"3479f2cb-3358-4b3a-bc07-b336a9dc6fef","Id":"wwearth/story/20150223-the-weird-world-of-bird-beaks","ModifiedDateTime":"2015-09-03T09:06:20.842679Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20150223-the-weird-world-of-bird-beaks"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:story:wwearth/story/20150223-the-weird-world-of-bird-beaks","_id":"5981d2ff5e5614e02f2cee0e"}],"RelatedTag":null,"StoryType":"image","SummaryLong":"This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests","SummaryShort":"This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests","SuperSection":null,"Tag":null,"CreationDateTime":"2017-06-28T10:01:27.802934Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"9cbf6007-4f39-434a-b5a7-84b8e7dcd0c8","Id":"wwearth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","ModifiedDateTime":"2017-06-28T10:20:46.618365Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2017-06-28T10:01:27.802934Z","Entity":"story","Guid":"9cbf6007-4f39-434a-b5a7-84b8e7dcd0c8","Id":"wwearth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","ModifiedDateTime":"2017-06-28T10:20:46.618365Z","Project":"wwearth","Slug":"20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:story:wwearth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","_id":"5983f3805e5614e02f2e63c1"}}, _routes={"column-index":{"route":"/earth/columns/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/collection/column","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"column-results":{"route":"/earth/columns/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/column/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"story":{"route":"/earth/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"story-preview":{"route":"/earth/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"tag-index":{"route":"/earth/tags/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/tag-index","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"tag":{"route":"/earth/tags/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"tag/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"native-story":{"route":"/earth/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwearth/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"native-story-preview":{"route":"/earth/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"native-column":{"route":"/earth/sponsored/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/native-column/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"search":{"route":"/earth/search/:keywords:/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/search/{keywords}","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/earth/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/earth/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"future-now":{"route":"/earth/now","entity-mapping":"wwearth/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"untold-world":{"route":"/earth/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwearth/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"article-third-party-content":{"route":"/earth/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"article-story":{"route":"/earth/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/earth/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"section-index":{"route":"/earth/sections/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/collection/section","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"section-results":{"route":"/earth/sections/{id}/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/section/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId","page":"isNumeric"}},"front-page":{"route":"/earth/world/:page:","entity-mapping":"wwearth/front-page","rules":{"page":"isNumeric"}},"front-page-redirect":{"route":"/earth/","entity-mapping":"wwearth/front-page","rules":{}},"sol-player":{"route":"/earth/storyoflife/player:?query:","entity-mapping":"storyoflife/player","rules":{"?query":"isValidSOLQuery"}},"sol-catch-page":{"route":"/earth/storyoflife:/::?query:","entity-mapping":"storyoflife/app","rules":{"?query":"isValidSOLQuery"}},"wwfuture-story":{"route":"/future/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-story":{"route":"/culture/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-story":{"route":"/travel/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-story":{"route":"/autos/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-story":{"route":"/capital/story/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-story-preview":{"route":"/future/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-story-preview":{"route":"/culture/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-story-preview":{"route":"/travel/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-story-preview":{"route":"/autos/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-story-preview":{"route":"/capital/preview/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-native-story":{"route":"/future/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-native-story":{"route":"/culture/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwculture/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-native-story":{"route":"/travel/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-native-story":{"route":"/autos/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwautos/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-native-story":{"route":"/capital/sponsored/story/{id}","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/native-story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-native-story-preview":{"route":"/future/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-native-story-preview":{"route":"/culture/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-native-story-preview":{"route":"/travel/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-native-story-preview":{"route":"/autos/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-native-story-preview":{"route":"/capital/preview/sponsored/story/{guid}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/native-story-preview/{guid}","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/future/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/culture/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/travel/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/autos/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/capital/gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/future/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/culture/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/travel/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/autos/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-slideshow-gallery-alt":{"route":"/capital/slideshow-gallery/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-future-now":{"route":"/future/now","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-future-now":{"route":"/culture/now","entity-mapping":"wwculture/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-future-now":{"route":"/travel/now","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-future-now":{"route":"/autos/now","entity-mapping":"wwautos/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-future-now":{"route":"/capital/now","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/supersection/future-now","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-untold-world":{"route":"/future/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwculture-untold-world":{"route":"/culture/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwculture/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-untold-world":{"route":"/travel/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwautos-untold-world":{"route":"/autos/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwautos/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-untold-world":{"route":"/capital/untold-world","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/supersection/untold-world","cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/future/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/culture/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/travel/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/autos/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-article-third-party-content":{"route":"/capital/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/thirdpartycontent/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-article-story":{"route":"/future/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-article-story":{"route":"/culture/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-article-story":{"route":"/travel/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-article-story":{"route":"/autos/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-article-story":{"route":"/capital/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/story/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwfuture-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/future/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwfuture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwculture-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/culture/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwculture/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwtravel-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/travel/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwtravel/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwautos-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/autos/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwautos/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true},"wwcapital-article-slideshow-gallery":{"route":"/capital/article/{id}:?query:","entity-mapping":"wwcapital/slideshow-gallery/{id}","rules":{"id":"isValidId"},"cross-domain":true}}, _comscoreKeyValues=false, isMobileDevice=function(){ var user_agent = navigator.userAgent, mobile=/Mobile|iP(hone|od|ad)|Android|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Kindle|NetFront|Silk-Accelerated|(hpw|web)OS|Fennec|Minimo|Opera M(obi|ini)|Blazer|Dolfin|Dolphin|Skyfire|Zune/; return mobile.test(user_agent); }, loadCss = function (url) { var link = document.createElement("link"); link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; link.href = url; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link); }, hasTheMustard = function (){ if(('querySelector' in document && 'localStorage' in window && 'addEventListener' in window)) { return true; } return false; }, isWebKit =function(){ if(RegExp(" AppleWebKit/").test(navigator.userAgent)){ return true; } return false; }, hasFixedWidthLayout= function (){ return isIE8; }, removeNoJsClass = function(){ var bodyTag = document.getElementsByTagName('body'); var container; if (bodyTag.length > 0) { bodyTag[0].className = bodyTag[0].className.replace(new RegExp('no-js', 'g'), ''); } if(container=document.getElementById('wwfeatures-container')){ container.className =""; } }, requireConfig; requireConfig={ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/scripts/requirejs/', paths:{ 'mapboxgl-supported': '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/plugins/mapbox-gl-supported/v1.2.0/mapbox-gl-supported', mapboxgl: '../../components/mapboxgl/mapbox-gl', mapboxjs: '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://api.mapbox.com/mapbox.js/v3.0.1/mapbox', 'requestLoader':'service/client-request-loader', 'templates':'wwearth/templates' }, shim: { mapboxjs: { exports: 'L' } } }; _comscoreKeyValues = {"c2":"19774467","ns_site":"bbc","name":"bbc_-_earth_-_the_bird_with_the_killer_blue_beak","b_vs_un":"bc","c7":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","b_c7":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","c8":"bbc_-_earth_-_the_bird_with_the_killer_blue_beak","b_app_type":"web","b_app_name":"earth|rc43","b_code_ver":"rc43","b_imp_ver":"rc43","b_imp_src":"wwf","b_site_section":"column.attenboroughs-story-of-life","b_site_channel":"earth","b_site_subsec1":"attenboroughs-story-of-life","b_edition":"international","b_column":"attenboroughs-story-of-life","b_page_type":"sty|img","b_article_title":"the bird with the killer blue beak","b_article_id":"wwearth/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak","b_article_date":"1498644087802","b_article_update":"1498644087802","b_article_length":"862"}; require(requireConfig); </script>  <script> window.onload = removeNoJsClass; var availableStyles = [ 'responsive-core', 'sol-core', 'video-playlist-player', 'cultural-calender', 'weather', 'slideshow-gallery', 'tpc', 'super-section', 'maps' ]; if(hasTheMustard()){ for(var ctr=0;ctr<availableStyles.length;ctr++){ loadCss('https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/css/wwearth/'+availableStyles[ctr]+'.css'); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var Logger={ debug: function () { }, info: function () { }, warn: function () { }, error: function () { } } require(['util/logger'],function(logger){ logger.useDefaults(); if((typeof digitalData !=="undefined")&& (digitalData.environment=="sandbox")){ logger.setLevel(logger.DEBUG); } else { logger.setLevel(logger.INFO); } window.Logger=logger; }); if (Function.prototype.bind && window.console && typeof console.log == "object"){ [ "log","info","warn","error","assert","dir","clear","profile","profileEnd" ].forEach(function (method) { console[method] = this.bind(console[method], console); }, Function.prototype.call); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> if ((typeof bbcdotcom != "undefined") && (typeof bbcdotcom.setConfig != 'undefined')){ bbcdotcom.setConfig({ siteCatalystEnabled: false, comScoreEnabled: false }); } window.advertising={"adsDisabled":false,"keywords":{"pageType":"story","STORY":"1","asset_type":"story","media":"image","tags":"","destination":"","column":"attenboroughs_story_of_life","sectn":"attenboroughs_story_of_life"},"adUnit":"bbcearth.com/earth_column_attenboroughs_story_of_life_content","adSlots":{"parallax":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"parallax","async":true},"leaderboard":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"leaderboard","async":true},"leaderboard-1_2_3":{"id":"leaderboard","groups":"1_2_3","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3]","async":true},"leaderboard-4":{"id":"leaderboard","groups":"4","jsonGroups":"[4]","async":true},"mpu-1_2_3":{"id":"mpu","groups":"1_2_3","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3]","async":true},"mpu-4":{"id":"mpu","groups":"4","jsonGroups":"[4]","async":true},"mpu-1_2":{"id":"mpu","groups":"1_2","jsonGroups":"[1,2]","async":true},"mpu-3_4":{"id":"mpu","groups":"3_4","jsonGroups":"[3,4]","async":true},"mpu_bottom":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"mpu_bottom","async":true},"native_side":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"native_side","async":true},"native_responsive":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"native_responsive","async":true},"ad_feature_rc":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"ad_feature_rc","async":true},"promo_feature_responsive":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_responsive","async":true},"promo_feature_1":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_1","async":true},"promo_feature_2":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_2","async":true},"promo_feature_3":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"promo_feature_3","async":true},"responsive_box_1":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"responsive_box_1","async":true},"responsive_box_2":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"responsive_box_2","async":true,"deferred":true},"verticalnavbar":{"groups":"1_2_3_4","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3,4]","id":"verticalnavbar","async":true},"sponsor-section-content":{"id":"sponsor_section","groups":"1_2_3","text":"IN ASSOCIATION WITH","jsonGroups":"[1,2,3]","async":true},"sponsor-section-hero":{"id":"sponsor_section","groups":"4","text":"IN ASSOCIATION WITH","jsonGroups":"[4]","async":true}},"async":true,"adsToDisplay":["parallax","leaderboard","mpu","mpu_bottom","native_side","native_responsive","ad_feature_rc","promo_feature_responsive","promo_feature_1","promo_feature_2","promo_feature_3","responsive_box_1","verticalnavbar","sponsor_section"]}; try{ if((typeof window.bbcdotcom != 'undefined') && (typeof bbcdotcom.setAdUnit != 'undefined') && (typeof bbcdotcom.init != 'undefined') && (typeof bbcdotcom.setAdKeyValue != 'undefined')){ for(var keyword in window.advertising.keywords) { bbcdotcom.setAdKeyValue(keyword,window.advertising.keywords[keyword]); } bbcdotcom.setAdUnit(window.advertising.adUnit); bbcdotcom.init({ asyncEnabled: true, "adsToDisplay":window.advertising.adsToDisplay }); } } catch (err) { Logger.error(err); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime(); </script>  </head> <body class="no-js"> <div id="bbccom_interstitial_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_interstitial" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_interstitial'); }); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var wallpaper; if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { if (bbcdotcom.config.isAsync()) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_wallpaper'); }); } else { googletag.display("wallpaper"); } wallpaper = bbcdotcom.adverts.adRegister.getAd('wallpaper'); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAdsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('analytics')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAnalyticsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyFirst = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script> <div id="blq-global"> <div id="blq-pre-mast"> </div> </div> <script type="text/html" id="blq-bbccookies-tmpl"><![CDATA[ <section> <div id="bbccookies" class="bbccookies-banner orb-banner-wrapper bbccookies-d"> <div id="bbccookies-prompt" class="orb-banner b-g-p b-r b-f"> <h2 class="orb-banner-title"> Cookies on the BBC website </h2> <p class="orb-banner-content" dir="ltr"> The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website.<span class="bbccookies-international-message"> We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you.</span> If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. </p> <ul class="orb-banner-options"> <li id="bbccookies-continue"> <button type="button" id="bbccookies-continue-button">Continue</button> </li> <li id="bbccookies-settings"> <a href="/privacy/cookies/managing/cookie-settings.html">Change settings</a> </li> <li id="bbccookies-more"><a href="/privacy/cookies/bbc">Find out more</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </section> ]]></script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){if(bbccookies._showPrompt()){var g=document,b=g.getElementById("blq-pre-mast"),e=g.getElementById("blq-bbccookies-tmpl"),a,f;if(b&&g.createElement){a=g.createElement("div");f=e.innerHTML;f=f.replace("<"+"![CDATA[","").replace("]]"+">","");a.innerHTML=f;b.appendChild(a);blqCookieContinueButton=g.getElementById("bbccookies-continue-button");blqCookieContinueButton.onclick=function(){a.parentNode.removeChild(a);return false};bbccookies._setPolicy(bbccookies.readPolicy())}var c=g.getElementById("bbccookies");if(c&&!window.orb.fig("uk")){c.className=c.className.replace(/\bbbccookies-d\b/,"");c.className=c.className+(" bbccookies-w")}}})(); /*]]>*/</script> <noscript><p style="position: absolute; top: -999em"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442im_/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=earth.story.20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak.page&ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=72&blq_js_enabled=0&blq_s=4d&blq_r=2.7&blq_v=default&blq_e=pal&pal_route=webserviceapi&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=barlesque&prod_name=frameworks&app_name=frameworks" height="1" width="1" alt=""></p></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (typeof bbccookies !== 'undefined' && bbccookies.isAllowed('s1')) { (function () { require(['istats-1'], function (istats) { istatsTrackingUrl = istats.getDefaultURL(); if (istats.isEnabled() && bbcFlagpoles_istats === 'ON') { sitestat(istatsTrackingUrl); } else { window.ns_pixelUrl = istatsTrackingUrl; /* used by Flash library to track */ } function sitestat(n) { var j = document, f = j.location, b = ""; if (j.cookie.indexOf("st_ux=") != -1) { var k = j.cookie.split(";"); var e = "st_ux", h = document.domain, a = "/"; if (typeof ns_ != "undefined" && typeof ns_.ux != "undefined") { e = ns_.ux.cName || e; h = ns_.ux.cDomain || h; a = ns_.ux.cPath || a } for (var g = 0, f = k.length; g < f; g++) { var m = k[g].indexOf("st_ux="); if (m != -1) { b = "&" + decodeURI(k[g].substring(m + 6)) } } bbccookies.set(e + "=; expires=" + new Date(new Date().getTime() - 60).toGMTString() + "; path=" + a + "; domain=" + h); } window.ns_pixelUrl = n; } }); })(); } else { window.istats = {enabled: false}; } /*]]>*/</script>   <header id="orb-banner" role="banner">   <div id="orb-header" class="orb-nav-pri orb-nav-pri-white b-header--white--black orb-nav-empty"> <div class="orb-nav-pri-container b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-blocks"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/img/bbc-blocks-dark.png" width="84" height="24" alt="BBC"/> </a> </div> <section> <div class="orb-skip-links"> <h2>Accessibility links</h2> <ul> <li><a id="orb-accessibility-help" href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div id="mybbc-wrapper" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-id orb-nav-focus"> <div id="idcta-statusbar" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-focus"> <a id="idcta-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://account.bbc.com/account"> <span id="idcta-username">BBC iD</span> </a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(['idcta/statusbar'], function(statusbar) { new statusbar.Statusbar({"id":"idcta-statusbar","publiclyCacheable":true}); }); </script> <a id="notification-link" class="js-notification-link animated three" href="#"> <span class="hidden-span">Notifications</span> <div class="notification-link--triangle"></div> <div class="notification-link--triangle"></div> <span id="not-num"></span> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" class="orb-nav"> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-links orb-nav-focus" id="orb-nav-links"> <h2>BBC navigation</h2> <ul> <li class="orb-nav-home orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-homedotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-news orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/weather/">Weather</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-shop orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://shop.bbc.com/">Shop</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earthdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel-dotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-capital orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/capital/">Capital</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/iplayer/">iPlayer</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-culture orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-autos orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/autos/">Autos</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-future orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/future/">Future</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tv"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/tv/">TV</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-radio"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/radio/">Radio</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/cbbc">CBBC</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/cbeebies">CBeebies</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/food/">Food</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/iwonder">iWonder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/education">Bitesize</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-music"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/music/">Music</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earth orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-arts"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/arts/">Arts</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-makeitdigital"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/makeitdigital">Make It Digital</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/taster">Taster</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-nature orb-w"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/nature/">Nature</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-local"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/local/">Local</a> </li> <li id="orb-nav-more"><a href="#orb-footer" data-alt="More">Menu<span class="orb-icon orb-icon-arrow"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-search"> <a class="orb-search__button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://search.bbc.co.uk/search" title="Search the BBC">Search</a> <form class="b-f" id="orb-search-form" role="search" method="get" action="//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://search.bbc.co.uk/search" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div> <label for="orb-search-q">Search the BBC</label> <input id="orb-search-q" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" name="q" placeholder="Search"> <button id="orb-search-button" class="orb-search__button">Search the BBC</button> <input type="hidden" name="suggid" id="orb-search-suggid"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="orb-panels"> <script type="text/template" id="orb-panel-template"><![CDATA[ <div id="orb-panel-<%= panelname %>" class="orb-panel" aria-labelledby="orb-nav-<%= panelname %>"> <div class="orb-panel-content b-g-p b-r"> <%= panelcontent %> </div> </div> ]]></script> </div> </div> </header>  <div id="orb-modules"> <div id="content-wrapper"> <div id="wwfeatures-container">  <div id="story-page-container" class="article-page-container"> <div id="version" class=""> <div id="bbccom_leaderboard_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('leaderboard', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div>  <div id="nav-branding-wrapper"> <div id="nav-branding">  <div id="branding"> <div id="branding-top"> <div class="branding-left"></div> <div class="branding-right"></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-brand"> <div class="site-brand-lining"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth" id="brand">Earth</a> <a id="sections-nav-button" href="#nav-bottom" role=".navigation" aria-label="secondary"> <span class="icon-sections"></span><span class="title-sections">Menu</span> </a> </div> </div>  <div id="nav-top"> <div class="navigation-wrapper " data-cs-module="navigation"> <ul class="navigation-list" role="navigation" aria-label=""> <li class=" first"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-0" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Home"> <div class="line1">Home </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/attenboroughs-story-of-life" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-1" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Attenborough's Story of Life"> <div class="line1">Attenborough's Story of Life </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/the-big-questions" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-2" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Big Questions"> <div class="line1">Big Questions </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/discoveries " class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-3" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Discoveries"> <div class="line1">Discoveries </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/video" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-4" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Video"> <div class="line1">Video </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://pages.s6.exacttarget.com/page.aspx?QS=38dfbe491fab00ea37b48fbad871a432a781c2e2dbd234649e2ab4fb3968988f" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-5" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Earth by email"> <div class="line1">Earth by email </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160419-about-us" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-6" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="About us"> <div class="line1">About us </div> </a> </li> <li class="featured featured-native last"> <div id="bbccom_verticalnavbar_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('verticalnavbar', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page"> <div id="page-lining">   <div id="story-page" class=" story-type-image">  <div class="hero-unit " data-hero-unit="true"> <div class="hero-unit-image-wrapper"> <div class="responsive-image-wrapper"> <img data-fixed-width-format="wwfeatures-1280-640" width="130" height="73" title="Helmet vanga's killer blue beak " alt="Helmet vanga's killer blue beak " class="responsive-hero" data-caption="Helmet vanga's killer blue beak" data-caption-title="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442im_/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/wm/live/130_73/images/live/p0/3v/16/p03v16hz.jpg" data-landscape/> </div> </div> <div class="hero-unit-overlay"> <div class="hero-unit-image-overlay-1"></div> <div class="hero-unit-image-overlay-2"></div> <div class="hero-unit-image-overlay-3"></div> </div> <div class="hero-unit-lining"> <div class="hero-unit-header-wrapper"> <div class="primary-header-wrapper"> <div class="primary-header primary-header-with-context"> <ul class="seperated-list context-heading-list"> <li class="seperated-list-item"> <span class="context-heading"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/attenboroughs-story-of-life" title="View Attenborough's Story of Life"> Attenborough's Story of Life</a> </span> </li> </ul> <h1 class="primary-heading" role="heading">The bird with the killer blue beak</h1> </div> </div> <div class="secondary-header-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_sponsor_section_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('sponsor_section', [4], false, 'IN ASSOCIATION WITH'); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="story-content" class="page-component-wrapper standard article-content">  <div class="primary-content" role="main"> <div class="mpu-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_1_2_3" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('mpu', [1,2,3]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"> <div id="bbccom_sponsor_section_1_2_3" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('sponsor_section', [1,2,3], false, 'IN ASSOCIATION WITH'); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="primary-content-lining">  <div class="top-unit"> <div class="introduction-wrapper"> <p class="introduction">This rare bird lives exclusively in Madagascar's wet forests</p> </div> <div id="share-tools-top"> <ul class="share share--mobile share--article"> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.facebook&t=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak" data-share-destination="facebook" data-tracking-id="facebook" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--facebook"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Facebook</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button twitter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.twitter&via=BBCEarth" data-share-destination="twitter" data-tracking-id="twitter" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--twitter"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Twitter</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button reddit" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.reddit&title=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak" data-share-destination="reddit" data-tracking-id="reddit" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--reddit"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Reddit</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button whatsapp" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/whatsapp://send/?text=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.whatsapp" data-share-destination="whatsapp" data-tracking-id="whatsapp" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--whatsapp"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on WhatsApp</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button google" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://plus.google.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.googleplus" data-share-destination="google" data-tracking-id="google" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--google-plus"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Google+</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button email" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/mailto:/?subject=Shared from BBC:The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak&body=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.email" data-share-destination="email" data-tracking-id="email" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--mail"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share by Email</span> </a> </div> </li></ul> <ul class="share share--desktop share--article"> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.facebook&t=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak" data-share-destination="facebook" data-tracking-id="facebook" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--facebook"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Facebook</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button twitter" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.twitter&via=BBCEarth" data-share-destination="twitter" data-tracking-id="twitter" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--twitter"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Twitter</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button reddit" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.reddit&title=The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak" data-share-destination="reddit" data-tracking-id="reddit" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--reddit"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Reddit</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button stumbleupon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.stumbleupon" data-share-destination="stumbleupon" data-tracking-id="stumbleupon" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--stumbleupon"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on StumbleUpon</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button google" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://plus.google.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.googleplus" data-share-destination="google" data-tracking-id="google" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--google-plus"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share on Google+</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="share-item"> <div class="share-item-lining"> <a class="share-button email" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/mailto:/?subject=Shared from BBC:The%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak&body=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak%3Focid%3Dww.social.link.email" data-share-destination="email" data-tracking-id="email" target="_blank"> <span class="share-icon-wrapper share-icon-wrapper--social"> <span class="icon gelicon--mail"></span> </span> <span class="share-item-text">Share by Email</span> </a> </div> </li></ul> </div> </div>   <div class="mid-unit"> </div>   <div class="bottom-unit"> <div class="byline"> <span class="byline-heading"></span> <div class="source-attribution-wrapper"> <div class="source-attribution-detail"> <ul class="seperated-list source-attribution"> </ul> <span class="publication-date index-body">28 June 2017</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="body-content"> <p>The helmet vanga (<em>Euryceros prevostii</em>) is the most unique of birds - its bright blue beak setting it apart from the rest.</p><p>Vanga's are only found in the wet, eastern forests of Madagascar. There are around 20 species of the bird on the island, all descended from the same ancestor species.</p><p>No one knows exactly why it was blessed with this brilliant appendage, but its beauty hides a lethal weapon. Vanga's are ambush hunters pouncing of millipedes, cicadas and lizards from above.</p><p>Watch the moment Sir David Attenborough and BBC filmmakers caught sight of this rare bird for the series Madagascar.</p><p><div class="inline-media inline-video"> <div id="p03v0lhs" class="inline-video video-player" data-video-player data-video-title="" data-video-player-vpid="p03v0lj3" data-video-player-mediator="mc" data-brand-color="#008e9b" data-video-player-image-url="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/wm/live/624_351/images/live/p0/3v/17/p03v17k4.jpg" data-show-ads="true"> <noscript> <div class="warning"> <p><strong>This media cannot be played on your device.</strong></p> </div> </noscript> </div></div></p><p>Even better, you can watch a further 1,000 more memorable moments, for free, anytime, on your smartphone or tablet, via <strong>Attenborough's Story of Life</strong> app, which is now available to download via <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.uk.bbc.storyoflife">Google Play</a>, or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id1124476992">Apple's app store</a>.</p><p>Find out more at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/storyoflife">http://www.bbc.com/earth/storyoflife</a>.</p><p>The Story of Life has been produced in collaboration with Sir David Attenborough, BBC Earth and ideas and innovation company AKQA.</p> </div> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div> <section> <div id="share-tools-bottom"></div> </section> </div>  </div>   <div class="secondary-content"> <div class="mpu-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_ad_feature_rc_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('ad_feature_rc', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mpu-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('mpu', [4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mpu-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_native_side_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('native_side', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="related-stories-secondary" class="component-placeholder related-stories"></div> <div id="weather-forecast-secondary" class="component-placeholder"></div> <div id="follow-us" class="headed-section "> <div class="headed-section-lining"> <header> <div class="section-header"> <div class="section-title-wrapper"> <h2 class="section-title">Follow BBC Earth</h2> </div> </div> </header> <div class="section-body"> <div class="headed-section-content"> <ul id="follow-us-items" class="" data-cs-module="follow-us"> <li class="follow-us-item follow-us-item-facebook"> <div class="follow-us-item-lining"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.facebook.com/BBCEarth" data-cs-id="follow-us-facebook" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Facebook"> <div class="icon-wrapper"> <span class="icon gelicon--facebook"></span> </div> <div class="follow-us-item-text">Facebook</div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="follow-us-item follow-us-item-twitter"> <div class="follow-us-item-lining"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://twitter.com/BBCEarth" data-cs-id="follow-us-twitter" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Twitter"> <div class="icon-wrapper"> <span class="icon gelicon--twitter"></span> </div> <div class="follow-us-item-text">Twitter</div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="follow-us-item follow-us-item-youtube"> <div class="follow-us-item-lining"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://www.youtube.com/user/BBCEarth" data-cs-id="follow-us-youtube" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Youtube"> <div class="icon-wrapper"> <span class="icon gelicon--youtube"></span> </div> <div class="follow-us-item-text">Youtube</div> </a> </div> </li> <li class="follow-us-item follow-us-item-instagram"> <div class="follow-us-item-lining"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://instagram.com/bbcearth" data-cs-id="follow-us-instagram" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Instagram"> <div class="icon-wrapper"> <span class="icon gelicon--instagram"></span> </div> <div class="follow-us-item-text">Instagram</div> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mpu-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_promo_feature_1_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('promo_feature_1', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="best-of-secondary" class="component-placeholder best-of-list"></div> <div class="mpu-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_bottom_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('mpu_bottom', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="standalone-parallax-wrapper"> <div class="parallax-slot-wrapper"> <div id="bbccom_parallax_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('parallax', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-component-wrapper"> <div class="single-column"> <div class="primary-content"> <div id="best-of-primary" class="component-placeholder best-of-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-component-wrapper"> <div class="single-column"> <div class="primary-content"> <div id="more-amazing-stories-primary" class="component-placeholder more-amazing-stories-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <noscript> <div id="nav-bottom"> <div class="navigation-wrapper " data-cs-module="navigation"> <ul class="navigation-list" role="navigation" aria-label=""> <li class=" first"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/world" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-0" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Home"> <div class="line1">Home </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/attenboroughs-story-of-life" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-1" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Attenborough's Story of Life"> <div class="line1">Attenborough's Story of Life </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/the-big-questions" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-2" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Big Questions"> <div class="line1">Big Questions </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/discoveries " class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-3" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Discoveries"> <div class="line1">Discoveries </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/columns/video" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-4" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Video"> <div class="line1">Video </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/https://pages.s6.exacttarget.com/page.aspx?QS=38dfbe491fab00ea37b48fbad871a432a781c2e2dbd234649e2ab4fb3968988f" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-5" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="Earth by email"> <div class="line1">Earth by email </div> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160419-about-us" class="navigation-link" data-cs-id="nav-6" data-cs-event="click" data-cs-element-name="About us"> <div class="line1">About us </div> </a> </li> <li class="featured featured-native last"> <div id="bbccom_verticalnavbar_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.slotAsync('verticalnavbar', [1,2,3,4]); } /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </noscript> <div id="extra-footer" class="extra-footer" class="clearfix"> <div class="page-component-wrapper"> <div id="around-bbc" class="component-placeholder around-the-bbc"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://static.bbcverticals.com/earth/config/live/story/20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak/config.json"></script> <script> if(hasTheMustard()|| hasFixedWidthLayout()){ var requirePaths={}; if(isWebKit()){ requirePaths.jquery="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/components/jquery-modern/dist/jquery"; }else{ requirePaths.jquery= "https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/components/jquery-legacy/jquery"; } require.config({ paths:requirePaths, shim: { 'selectivity': ['jquery'], 'actual': ['jquery'] } }); require(['wwearth/main'], function(App){ var myApp = new App(); } ); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://www.bbc.com/earth/static/80639ec75e40/scripts/vendor/comscore/comscore.js"></script> <noscript> <p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442im_/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/?c1=2&c2=19774467&ns_site=bbc&name=bbc_-_earth_-_the_bird_with_the_killer_blue_beak&b_vs_un=bc&c7=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak&b_c7=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak&c8=bbc_-_earth_-_the_bird_with_the_killer_blue_beak&b_app_type=web&b_app_name=earth%7Crc43&b_imp_ver=rc43&b_imp_src=wwf&b_site_section=column.attenboroughs-story-of-life&b_site_channel=earth&b_site_subsec1=attenboroughs-story-of-life&b_edition=international&b_column=attenboroughs-story-of-life&b_page_type=sty%7Cimg&b_article_title=the%20bird%20with%20the%20killer%20blue%20beak&b_article_id=wwearth%2Fstory%2F20170628-helmet-vangas-killer-blue-beak&b_article_date=1498644087802&b_article_update=1498644087802&b_article_length=862" height="1" width="1" alt="*"/> </p> </noscript> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-47973230-2', 'bbc.com'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config={}; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.uid = '50924'; _sf_async_config.domain = 'bbc.co.uk'; _sf_async_config.sections = 'earth,attenboroughs-story-of-life'; _sf_async_config.authors = 'false'; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script> </div> <div id="orb-footer" class="orb-footer orb-footer-grey b-footer--grey--white"> <div id="navp-orb-footer-promo" class="orb-footer-grey"></div> <aside role="complementary"> <div id="orb-aside" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-footer-inner" role="navigation"> <h2 class="orb-footer-lead">Explore the BBC</h2> <div class="orb-footer-primary-links"> <ul> <li class="orb-nav-home orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-homedotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-news orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/weather/">Weather</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-shop orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://shop.bbc.com/">Shop</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earthdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel-dotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-capital orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/capital/">Capital</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/iplayer/">iPlayer</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-culture orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-autos orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/autos/">Autos</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-future orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/future/">Future</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tv"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/tv/">TV</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-radio"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/radio/">Radio</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/cbbc">CBBC</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/cbeebies">CBeebies</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/food/">Food</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/iwonder">iWonder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/education">Bitesize</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel orb-d"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-music"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/music/">Music</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earth orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-arts"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/arts/">Arts</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-makeitdigital"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/makeitdigital">Make It Digital</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/taster">Taster</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-nature orb-w"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/nature/">Nature</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-local"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/local/">Local</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div id="orb-contentinfo" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-footer-inner"> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/terms/">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/">About the BBC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/cookies/about">Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/guidance/">Parental Guidance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/contact/">Contact the BBC</a> </li> <li class=" orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://advertising.bbcworldwide.com/">Advertise with us</a> </li> <li class=" orb-w"> <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/cookies/international/">Ad choices</a> </li> </ul> <small> <span class="orb-hilight">Copyright © 2017 BBC.</span> The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. <a href="/web/20170804101442/http://www.bbc.com/help/web/links/" class="orb-hilight">Read about our approach to external linking.</a> </small> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && window.bbcdotcom.analytics && bbcdotcom.config && !bbcdotcom.config.isSportApp()) { bbcdotcom.analytics.page(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.write(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.postWrite(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats === 1 && bbcdotcom.utils && window.location.pathname === '/' && window.bbccookies && bbccookies.readPolicy('performance') ) { var wwhpEdition = bbcdotcom.utils.getMetaPropertyContent('wwhp-edition'); var _sf_async_config={}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 50924; _sf_async_config.domain = "bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.title = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ' - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.sections = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ', Homepage - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.region = wwhpEdition; _sf_async_config.path = "/"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? '?'+wwhpEdition : ''); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyLast = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div> <script type="text/javascript" id="orb-js-script" data-assetpath="http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804101442js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.24/orb/4/script/orb.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { 'use strict'; var promoManager = { url: '', promoLoaded: false, makeUrl: function (theme, site, win) { var loc = win? win.location : window.location, proto = loc.protocol, host = loc.host, url = proto + '//' + ((proto.match(/s:/i) && !host.match(/^www\.(int|test)\./i))? 'ssl.' : 'www.'), themes = ['light', 'dark']; if ( host.match(/^(?:www|ssl|m)\.(int|test|stage|live)\.bbc\./i) ) { url += RegExp.$1 + '.'; } else if ( host.match(/^pal\.sandbox\./i) ) { url += 'test.'; } theme = themes[ +(theme === themes[0]) ]; return url + 'bbc.co.uk/navpromo/card/' + site + '/' + theme; }, init: function(node) { var disabledByCookie = (document.cookie.indexOf('ckns_orb_nopromo=1') > -1), that = this; if (window.promomanagerOverride) { for (var p in promomanagerOverride) { that[p] = promomanagerOverride[p]; } } if ( window.orb.fig('uk') && !disabledByCookie ) { require(['orb/async/_footerpromo', 'istats-1'], function(promo, istats) { var virtualSite = istats.getSite() || 'default'; that.url = (window.promomanagerOverride || that).makeUrl('light', virtualSite); if (that.url) { promo.load(that.url, node, { onSuccess: function(e) { if(e.status === 'success') { node.parentNode.className = node.parentNode.className + ' orb-footer-promo-loaded'; promoManager.promoLoaded = true; promoManager.event('promo-loaded').fire(e); } }, onError: function() { istats.log('error', 'orb-footer-promo-failed'); bbccookies.set('ckns_orb_nopromo=1; expires=' + new Date(new Date().getTime() + 1000 * 60 * 10).toGMTString() + ';path=/;'); } }); } }); } } }; define('orb/promomanager', ['orb/lib/_event'], function (event) { event.mixin(promoManager); return promoManager; }); require(['orb/promomanager'], function (promoManager) { promoManager.init(document.getElementById('navp-orb-footer-promo')); }) })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> require.config({ paths: { "mybbc/templates": '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/templates', "mybbc/notifications": '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/js' } }); require(['mybbc/notifications/NotificationsMain', 'idcta/idcta-1'], function (NotificationsMain, idcta) { var loadNotifications = function (fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { NotificationsMain.run(idcta, '//web.archive.org/web/20170804101442/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.1/'); } }; var orbFig = window.orb.fig; if (typeof orbFig.load === 'function') { // Use new async API from Orbit orbFig.load(loadNotifications, loadNotifications); } else { // Use old sync-only API from PAL orbfig project loadNotifications(orbFig); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof require !== 'undefined') { require(['istats-1'], function(istats){ istats.track('external', { region: document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] }); istats.track('download', { region: document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] }); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if( window.SEARCHBOX.suppress === false && window.SEARCHBOX.locale && /^en-?.*?/.test(window.SEARCHBOX.locale) ){ require.config({ paths: { "search/searchbox": window.SEARCHBOX.searchboxAppStaticPrefix } }); require(['search/searchbox/searchboxDrawer'], function(SearchboxDrawer) { SearchboxDrawer.run(window.SEARCHBOX); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript">require(["megavolt-client","istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(t,e,i){function o(){return"true"===l&&s&&t&&"function"==typeof t.addMVTIStatsLabels}function n(){!c&&o()?setTimeout(function(){e.invoke()},"1000"):e.invoke()}var a=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),s=!(a.indexOf("msie")>-1)||parseInt(a.split("msie")[1],10)>10,c=!1,l="false";if(i.isAllowed("s1"))try{if(o()&&t.addMVTIStatsLabels(function(t){e.addLabels(t),c=!0}),!require.s.contexts._.config.paths.idcta)return void n();require(["idcta/idcta-1"],function(t){t&&"function"==typeof t.getIStatsLabels&&e.addLabels(t.getIStatsLabels()),n()},function(t){throw t})}catch(t){console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&console.log("an exception occurred while adding idcta labels to istats, invoking istats without them",t),n()}});</script> </body> </html>