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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6&returnto=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="বাধ্যতামূলক নহ'লেও প্ৰৱেশ কৰাটো বাঞ্চনীয় [o]" accesskey="o" class="">প্ৰৱেশ</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="অধিক বিকল্প" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ব্যক্তিগত সৰঞ্জাম" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > ব্যক্তিগত সৰঞ্জাম </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_as.wikipedia.org&uselang=as">দান কৰক</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF&returnto=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="আপোনাক এটা একাউণ্ট সৃষ্টি কৰি প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ জনোৱা হৈছে, কিন্তু এয়া বাধ্যতামূলক নহয়"> একাউণ্ট সৃষ্টি কৰক</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6&returnto=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="বাধ্যতামূলক নহ'লেও প্ৰৱেশ কৰাটো বাঞ্চনীয় [o]" accesskey="o"> প্ৰৱেশ</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> লগ-আউট কৰা সদস্যৰ বাবে পৃষ্ঠাসমূহ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" aria-label="সম্পাদনাৰ বিষয়ে অধিক জানক">অধিক শিকক</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">বৰঙণি</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8" title="এই আই.পি. ঠিকনাৰ পৰা কৰা সম্পাদনাসমূহৰ আলোচনা [n]" accesskey="n">এই IPটোৰে যোগাযোগ কৰক</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="সূচী" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">সূচী</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">পাৰ্শ্বদণ্ডলৈ যাওক</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">লুকুৱাওক</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">পাতনি</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_উৎস" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_উৎস"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ উৎস </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_উৎস-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ উৎস উপ-অনুচ্ছেদ টগ'ল কৰক </button> <ul id="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_উৎস-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-মানৱ_সৃষ্ট" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#মানৱ_সৃষ্ট"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 মানৱ সৃষ্ট </div> </a> <ul id="toc-মানৱ_সৃষ্ট-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-প্ৰাকৃতিক_কাৰণ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#প্ৰাকৃতিক_কাৰণ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 প্ৰাকৃতিক কাৰণ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-প্ৰাকৃতিক_কাৰণ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-নগৰীকৰণ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#নগৰীকৰণ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 নগৰীকৰণ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-নগৰীকৰণ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-উদ্যোগিক_প্ৰদূষণ_কাৰক" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#উদ্যোগিক_প্ৰদূষণ_কাৰক"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 উদ্যোগিক প্ৰদূষণ কাৰক </div> </a> <ul id="toc-উদ্যোগিক_প্ৰদূষণ_কাৰক-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-যান-বাহনে_সৃষ্টি_কৰা_প্ৰদূষক" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#যান-বাহনে_সৃষ্টি_কৰা_প্ৰদূষক"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 যান-বাহনে সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰদূষক </div> </a> <ul id="toc-যান-বাহনে_সৃষ্টি_কৰা_প্ৰদূষক-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ইন্ধনৰ_দহন" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ইন্ধনৰ_দহন"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 ইন্ধনৰ দহন </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ইন্ধনৰ_দহন-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা_প্ৰদূষণ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা_প্ৰদূষণ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা প্ৰদূষণ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা_প্ৰদূষণ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-তেজষ্ক্ৰিয়_আৰু_আন_পদাৰ্থ_কণা_প্ৰদূষক" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#তেজষ্ক্ৰিয়_আৰু_আন_পদাৰ্থ_কণা_প্ৰদূষক"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় আৰু আন পদাৰ্থ কণা প্ৰদূষক </div> </a> <ul id="toc-তেজষ্ক্ৰিয়_আৰু_আন_পদাৰ্থ_কণা_প্ৰদূষক-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_প্ৰভাৱ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_প্ৰভাৱ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰভাৱ </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_প্ৰভাৱ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰভাৱ উপ-অনুচ্ছেদ টগ'ল কৰক </button> <ul id="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_প্ৰভাৱ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-মানৱ_স্বাস্থ্যৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#মানৱ_স্বাস্থ্যৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 মানৱ স্বাস্থ্যৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-মানৱ_স্বাস্থ্যৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-আন_প্ৰাণীৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#আন_প্ৰাণীৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 আন প্ৰাণীৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-আন_প্ৰাণীৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-উদ্ভিদ_জগতত_প্ৰভাৱ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#উদ্ভিদ_জগতত_প্ৰভাৱ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 উদ্ভিদ জগতত প্ৰভাৱ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-উদ্ভিদ_জগতত_প্ৰভাৱ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-জলবায়ুৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#জলবায়ুৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 জলবায়ুৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-জলবায়ুৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণ_নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ_উপায়" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণ_নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ_উপায়"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ উপায় </div> </a> <ul id="toc-বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণ_নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ_উপায়-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-তথ্য_সংগ্ৰহ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#তথ্য_সংগ্ৰহ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-তথ্য_সংগ্ৰহ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-বাহ্যিক_সংযোগ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#বাহ্যিক_সংযোগ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 বাহ্যিক সংযোগ </div> </a> <ul id="toc-বাহ্যিক_সংযোগ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="সূচী" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="সূচীপত্ৰ টগ'ল কৰক" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > সূচীপত্ৰ টগ'ল কৰক </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="অন্য এটা ভাষাৰ প্ৰবন্ধলৈ যাওক। 90টা ভাষাত উপলব্ধ।" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" > 90টা ভাষা </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugbesoedeling" title="Lugbesoedeling – আফ্ৰিকানছ্" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lugbesoedeling" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="আফ্ৰিকানছ্" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="تلوث الهواء – আৰবী" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلوث الهواء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="আৰবী" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Contaminación atmosférica – এষ্টুৰীয়" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Contaminación atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="এষ্টুৰীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer_%C3%A7irkl%C9%99nm%C9%99si" title="Atmosfer çirklənməsi – আজেৰবাইজানী" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atmosfer çirklənməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="আজেৰবাইজানী" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polusyon_sa_duros" title="Polusyon sa duros – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Polusyon sa duros" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Забруджванне атмасферы – বেলাৰুছীয়" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Забруджванне атмасферы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="বেলাৰুছীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Замърсяване на въздуха – বুলগেৰীয়" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Замърсяване на въздуха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="বুলগেৰীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="हवा प्रदूषण – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हवा प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="বায়ুদূষণ – বাংলা" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বায়ুদূষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="বাংলা" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3_atmosf%C3%A8rica" title="Contaminació atmosfèrica – কাতালান" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Contaminació atmosfèrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="কাতালান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7" title="مەترسیەکانی پیسبونی ھەوا – চেণ্ট্ৰেল কুৰ্ডিচ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەترسیەکانی پیسبونی ھەوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="চেণ্ট্ৰেল কুৰ্ডিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zne%C4%8Di%C5%A1t%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_ovzdu%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Znečištění ovzduší – চেক" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znečištění ovzduší" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="চেক" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llygredd_aer" title="Llygredd aer – ৱেলচ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llygredd aer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ৱেলচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftforurening" title="Luftforurening – ডেনিচ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luftforurening" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ডেনিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Air pollution" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftverschmutzung" title="Luftverschmutzung – জাৰ্মান" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luftverschmutzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="জাৰ্মান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση – গ্ৰীক" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="গ্ৰীক" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution – ইংৰাজী" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Air pollution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ইংৰাজী" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aera_poluado" title="Aera poluado – এস্পেৰান্তো" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aera poluado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="এস্পেৰান্তো" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Contaminación atmosférica – স্পেনিচ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Contaminación atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="স্পেনিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95husaastus" title="Õhusaastus – এষ্টোনিয়" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õhusaastus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="এষ্টোনিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airearen_kutsadura" title="Airearen kutsadura – বাস্ক" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Airearen kutsadura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="বাস্ক" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آلودگی هوا – ফাৰ্ছী" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلودگی هوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ফাৰ্ছী" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilman_saastuminen" title="Ilman saastuminen – ফিনিচ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilman saastuminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ফিনিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_de_l%27air" title="Pollution de l'air – ফ্ৰেন্স" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pollution de l'air" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ফ্ৰেন্স" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luchtfersmoarging" title="Luchtfersmoarging – ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰিছিয়ান" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Luchtfersmoarging" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ৱেষ্টাৰ্ণ ফ্ৰিছিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truailli%C3%BA_aeir" title="Truailliú aeir – আইৰিচ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Truailliú aeir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="আইৰিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Contaminación atmosférica – গেলিচিয়ান" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Contaminación atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="গেলিচিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%A3" title="વાયુનું પ્રદૂષણ – গুজৰাটী" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાયુનું પ્રદૂષણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="গুজৰাটী" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbacewar_Iska" title="Gurbacewar Iska – হাউছা" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gurbacewar Iska" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="হাউছা" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8" title="זיהום אוויר – হিব্ৰু" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיהום אוויר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="হিব্ৰু" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="वायु प्रदूषण – হিন্দী" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वायु प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="হিন্দী" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%C4%8Di%C5%A1%C4%87avanje_zraka" title="Onečišćavanje zraka – ক্ৰোৱেচিয়ান" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Onečišćavanje zraka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ক্ৰোৱেচিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveg%C5%91szennyez%C3%A9s" title="Levegőszennyezés – হাঙ্গেৰিয়ান" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Levegőszennyezés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="হাঙ্গেৰিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մթնոլորտի աղտոտում – আৰ্মেনীয়" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մթնոլորտի աղտոտում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="আৰ্মেনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencemaran_udara" title="Pencemaran udara – ইণ্ডোনেচিয়" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pencemaran udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ইণ্ডোনেচিয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmet%E1%BB%8D_ikuku" title="Mmetọ ikuku – ইগ্বো" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmetọ ikuku" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ইগ্বো" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosferala_polutajo" title="Atmosferala polutajo – ইডো" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Atmosferala polutajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ইডো" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquinamento_atmosferico" title="Inquinamento atmosferico – ইটালিয়ান" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inquinamento atmosferico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ইটালিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E6%B1%9A%E6%9F%93" title="大気汚染 – জাপানী" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大気汚染" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="জাপানী" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ჰაერის დაბინძურება – জৰ্জিয়ান" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაერის დაბინძურება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="জৰ্জিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Атмосфераны ластау – কাজাখ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атмосфераны ластау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="কাজাখ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ – কানাড়া" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="কানাড়া" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%98%A4%EC%97%BC" title="대기 오염 – কোৰিয়ান" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대기 오염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="কোৰিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Абанын булганышы – কিৰ্গিজ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абанын булганышы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="কিৰ্গিজ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquinatio_a%C3%ABris" title="Inquinatio aëris – লেটিন" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Inquinatio aëris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="লেটিন" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro_tar%C5%A1a" title="Oro tarša – লিথুৱানিয়ান" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oro tarša" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="লিথুৱানিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaisa_pies%C4%81r%C5%86ojums" title="Gaisa piesārņojums – লাটভিয়ান" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gaisa piesārņojums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="লাটভিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Загадување на воздухот – মেচিডোনীয়" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Загадување на воздухот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="মেচিডোনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="അന്തരീക്ഷമലിനീകരണം – মালায়ালম" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തരീക്ഷമലിനീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="মালায়ালম" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Агаарын бохирдол – মংগোলীয়" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Агаарын бохирдол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="মংগোলীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%84" title="ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ – মণিপুৰী" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="মণিপুৰী" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="वायू प्रदूषण – মাৰাঠী" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वायू प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="মাৰাঠী" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencemaran_udara" title="Pencemaran udara – মালয়" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pencemaran udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="মালয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="वायु प्रदूषण – নেপালী" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वायु प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="নেপালী" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luchtvervuiling" title="Luchtvervuiling – ডাচ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luchtvervuiling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ডাচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftforurensning" title="Luftforurensning – নৰৱেজিয়ান বোকমাল" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luftforurensning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="নৰৱেজিয়ান বোকমাল" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollucion_atmosferica" title="Pollucion atmosferica – অ’চিটান" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pollucion atmosferica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="অ’চিটান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A3" title="ਹਵਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ – পাঞ্জাবী" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਵਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="পাঞ্জাবী" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanieczyszczenie_powietrza" title="Zanieczyszczenie powietrza – প’লিচ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zanieczyszczenie powietrza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="প’লিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DA%A9%DA%93%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="د هوا ککړتيا – পুস্ত" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هوا ککړتيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="পুস্ত" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Poluição atmosférica – পৰ্তুগীজ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poluição atmosférica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="পৰ্তুগীজ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poluarea_aerului" title="Poluarea aerului – ৰোমানীয়" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poluarea aerului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ৰোমানীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Загрязнение атмосферы Земли – ৰাছিয়ান" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Загрязнение атмосферы Земли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ৰাছিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imyuka_Ihumanya_Ikirere" title="Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere – কিনয়াৰোৱাণ্ডা" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="কিনয়াৰোৱাণ্ডা" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वायुमालिन्यम् – সংস্কৃত" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वायुमालिन्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="সংস্কৃত" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BB" title="ھوائي گدلاڻ – সিন্ধী" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھوائي گدلاڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="সিন্ধী" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerozaga%C4%91enje" title="Aerozagađenje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aerozagađenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="වායු දූෂණය – সিংহলা" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වායු දූෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="সিংহলা" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Air pollution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndotja_e_ajrit" title="Ndotja e ajrit – আলবেনীয়" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndotja e ajrit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="আলবেনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Загађење ваздуха – ছাৰ্বিয়ান" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Загађење ваздуха" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ছাৰ্বিয়ান" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftf%C3%B6roreningar" title="Luftföroreningar – ছুইডিচ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luftföroreningar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ছুইডিচ" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchafuzi_wa_hewa" title="Uchafuzi wa hewa – স্বাহিলি" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchafuzi wa hewa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="স্বাহিলি" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வளி மாசடைதல் – তামিল" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளி மாசடைதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="তামিল" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A" title="ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯೊ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వాయు కాలుష్యం – তেলুগু" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాయు కాలుష్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="তেলুগু" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="มลพิษทางอากาศ – থাই" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มลพิษทางอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="থাই" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hava_kirlili%C4%9Fi" title="Hava kirliliği – তুৰ্কী" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hava kirliliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="তুৰ্কী" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Забруднення повітря – ইউক্ৰেইনীয়" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Забруднення повітря" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ইউক্ৰেইনীয়" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="فضائی آلودگی – উৰ্দু" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فضائی آلودگی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="উৰ্দু" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havoning_ifloslanishi" title="Havoning ifloslanishi – উজবেক" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Havoning ifloslanishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="উজবেক" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94_nhi%E1%BB%85m_kh%C3%B4ng_kh%C3%AD" title="Ô nhiễm không khí – ভিয়েটনামী" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ô nhiễm không khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ভিয়েটনামী" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannixhance_di_l%27_air" title="Mannixhance di l' air – ৱালুন" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mannixhance di l' air" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ৱালুন" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空气污染 – ৱু চাইনিজ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="空气污染" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ৱু চাইনিজ" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungcoliseko_lomoya" title="Ungcoliseko lomoya – হোছা" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ungcoliseko lomoya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="হোছা" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="לופט פארפעסטיקונג – ইদ্দিছ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לופט פארפעסטיקונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ইদ্দিছ" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqlah_hoengheiq" title="Uqlah hoengheiq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Uqlah hoengheiq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染 – চীনা" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="空氣污染" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="চীনা" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染 – কেণ্টোনীজ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="空氣污染" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="কেণ্টোনীজ" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131123#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="আন্তঃৱিকি লিংক সম্পাদনা কৰক" class="wbc-editpage">আন্তঃৱিকি লিংক সম্পাদনা কৰক</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="নামস্থান"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ পৰা</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="as" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg/220px-Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg/330px-Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg/440px-Alfred_Palmer_Smokestacks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="দ্বিতীয় মহাযুদ্ধ">দ্বিতীয় মহাযুদ্ধ</a>ৰ সময়ত এটা কাৰখানাৰ পৰা ওলোৱা ধোঁৱা</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Air_pollution_death_rates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Air_pollution_death_rates.png/220px-Air_pollution_death_rates.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Air_pollution_death_rates.png/330px-Air_pollution_death_rates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Air_pollution_death_rates.png/440px-Air_pollution_death_rates.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>প্ৰতি এক লাখ বাসিন্দাৰ বিপৰীতে বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ ফলত মৃত্যু (IHME, 2019)</figcaption></figure> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ(<a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা">ইংৰাজী</a>: Air pollution) হ’ল বায়ুমণ্ডলত প্ৰদূষক পদাৰ্থৰ উপস্থিতিৰ ফলত বায়ু দূষিত হোৱা, যিয়ে মানুহ আৰু অন্যান্য জীৱৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ বাবে ক্ষতিকাৰক আৰু জলবায়ু বা বয়-বস্তুৰ ক্ষতি সাধন কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-Air_pollution-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a> বিভিন্ন পদাৰ্থ যেনে, ৰাসায়নিক, ভৌতিক বা জৈৱিক পদাৰ্থৰ দ্বাৰা ঘৰৰ ভিতৰ বা বাহিৰৰ পৰিৱেশৰ দূষণেও বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক বৈশিষ্ট্য সলনি কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-Air_pollution-1">[1]</a> বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰৰ বায়ু প্ৰদূষক(যেনে এমোনিয়া, কাৰ্বন মনোক্সাইড, ছালফাৰ ডাই অক্সাইড, নাইট্ৰাছ অক্সাইড, মিথেন, কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইড আৰু ক্লোৰোফ্লুৰোকাৰ্বন), জৈৱিক আৰু অজৈৱিক কণিকা আৰু জৈৱিক অণু আদি। বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ ফলত মানুহৰ নানা ৰোগ, এলাৰ্জি, আনকি মৃত্যুও হ'ব পাৰে; ই আন ক্ষুদ্ৰ ক্ষুদ্ৰ জীৱৰ ক্ষতি কৰাৰ উপৰি, জীৱ-জন্তু আৰু খাদ্য শস্যৰো ক্ষতি কৰিব পাৰে, আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিৱেশৰ (উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে, জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন, অ'জ’ন হ্ৰাস বা বাসস্থানৰ অৱক্ষয়) বা সৃষ্ট পৰিৱেশ(উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে, এচিড বৰষুণ) ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত কৰিব পাৰে।<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> মানুহৰ কাৰ্যকলাপ<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনা দুয়োটাৰ ফলত বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ হ'ব পাৰে।<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> বিশ্বজুৰি পৃথিৱীৰ জলবায়ু আৰু পৰিৱেশ তন্ত্ৰৰ লগত বায়ুৰ গুণাগুণ ওতপ্ৰোতভাৱে জড়িত। বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ বহুতো কাৰণৰ ভিতৰত সেউজ গৃহ গেছ নিৰ্গমন উৎস যেনে, জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন দহনো এটা।<a href="#cite_note-Air_pollution-1">[1]</a> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ, প্ৰদূষণ সম্পৰ্কীয় কেইবাটাও ৰোগৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য বিপদজনক কাৰক, য'ত শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাসজনিত সংক্ৰমণ, হৃদৰোগ, ক্ৰনিক অব্ষ্ট্ৰাক্টিভ পালমোনাৰী ডিজিজ (COPD), ষ্ট্ৰোক আৰু হাওঁফাওঁৰ কৰ্কট ৰোগ আদি হয়।<a href="#cite_note-WHO2014-6">[6]</a> ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা তথ্যই প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে, বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ফলত উপস্থিত বুদ্ধিমত্তা হ্ৰাস, জ্ঞানশক্তিৰ অসুবিধা,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> মানসিক বিকাৰ যেনে, হতাশা<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> আৰু প্ৰসৱকালীন স্বাস্থ্যৰ ক্ষতিৰ সম্ভাৱনা বৃদ্ধি পাব পাৰে।<a href="#cite_note-10.1371/journal.pmed.1003718-9">[9]</a> বায়ুৰ গুণাগুণৰ অৱনতি হোৱাৰ ফলত মানুহৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ ওপৰত পৰা প্ৰভাৱ বহু দূৰলৈকে বিস্তৃত যদিও মূলতঃ শৰীৰৰ শ্বাসতন্ত্ৰ আৰু হৃদযন্ত্ৰত প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়। বায়ু প্ৰদূষকৰ প্ৰতি ব্যক্তিগত প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে এজন ব্যক্তিৰ সংস্পৰ্শলৈ অহা প্ৰদূষকৰ প্ৰকাৰ,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> সংস্পৰ্শৰ মাত্ৰা আৰু ব্যক্তিজনৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ অৱস্থা আৰু জিনীয় বিজ্ঞানৰ ওপৰত।<a href="#cite_note-danial-12">[12]</a> জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন দহনৰ ফলতেই ঘৰৰ বাহিৰৰ বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ ফলত বছৰি ~৩.৬১ মিলিয়ন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়, যাৰ বাবে মানুহৰ মৃত্যুৰ অন্যতম শীৰ্ষ কাৰণ হিচাপে চিহ্নিত কৰা হৈছে,<a href="#cite_note-PNAS2019-13">[13]</a> মানৱসৃষ্ট অ'জন আৰু পিএম ২.৫ৰ ফলত হয়, ~২.১ মিলিয়ন।2.5 causing ~2.1 million.<a href="#cite_note-spaceref.com-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-iopscience.iop.org-15">[15]</a> সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ ফলত প্ৰতি বছৰে বিশ্বজুৰি প্ৰায় ৭০ লাখ লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়, বা বিশ্বব্যাপী গড় আয়ুস (LLE) ২.৯ বছৰ হৈছে,<a href="#cite_note-১০-16">[16]</a> আৰু ই বিশ্বৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ একক পৰিৱেশ স্বাস্থ্যজনিত বিপদ, যাৰ অন্ততঃ ২০১৫ চনৰ পৰা বিশেষ পৰিৱৰ্তন হোৱা নাই।<a href="#cite_note-WHO2014-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-air-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> ২০০৮ চনৰ ব্লেকস্মিথ ইনষ্টিটিউটৰ বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ বেয়া প্ৰদূষিত স্থানৰ প্ৰতিবেদনত ঘৰৰ ভিতৰৰ বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ আৰু নগৰীয়া বায়ুৰ গুণাগুণক বিশ্বৰ দুটা ভয়াৱহ বিষাক্ত প্ৰদূষণৰ সমস্যা হিচাপে তালিকাভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ সংকটৰ পৰিসৰ বৃহৎ; ২০১৮ চনত বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থাই অনুমান কৰিছিল যে "১০ জনৰ ভিতৰত ৯জন লোকেই উচ্চ মাত্ৰাৰ প্ৰদূষকযুক্ত বায়ুৰে উশাহ লয়।" <a href="#cite_note-WHO2018-20">[20]</a> যদিও স্বাস্থ্যজনিত পৰিণতি গুৰুতৰ, সমস্যাটো মোকাবিলা কৰাৰ ধৰণটো কিন্ত বহুলাংশে বিবেচনা কৰা হয় আড়ম্বৰপূৰ্ণ<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO2018-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> বা অৱহেলিত।<a href="#cite_note-oo-23">[23]</a> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ ফলত উৎপাদনশীলতা হেৰুওৱা আৰু জীৱনৰ মানদণ্ডৰ অৱনমিত হোৱাৰ ফলত বিশ্ব অৰ্থনীতিয়ে প্ৰতি বছৰে ৫ ট্ৰিলিয়ন ডলাৰ খৰচ কৰে বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছে<a href="#cite_note-c-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Com-25">[25]</a> কিন্তু স্বাস্থ্য আৰু মৃত্যুৰ প্ৰভাৱৰ সৈতে সমসাময়িক অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা বাহ্যিক আৰু বেছিভাগ মানুহৰ কাৰ্য্যকলাপ, কেতিয়াবা মধ্যমীয়াভাৱে নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু নিৰীক্ষণ কৰা হয়।<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ হ্ৰাস কৰিবলৈ বিভিন্ন প্ৰদূষণ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ প্ৰযুক্তি আৰু কৌশল উপলভ্য। বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱ সীমিত কৰিবলৈ কেইবাটাও আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আইন আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে।<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> স্থানীয় নিয়মসমূহ সঠিকভাৱে কাৰ্যকৰী কৰি জনস্বাস্থ্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট উন্নতি হৈছে।<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> এই প্ৰচেষ্টাসমূহৰ কিছুমান আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত সফল হৈছে, যেনে মণ্ট্ৰিয়েল প্ৰট'কল,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> যিয়ে ক্ষতিকাৰক অ'জন ক্ষয়কাৰী ৰাসায়নিক পদাৰ্থৰ নিৰ্গমন হ্ৰাস কৰে আৰু ১৯৮৫ চনৰ হেলচিংকি প্ৰট'কল,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> যিয়ে চালফাৰ নিৰ্গমন হ্ৰাস কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> আনহাতে আন কিছুমান, যেনে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ ওপৰত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পদক্ষেপ<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> কম সফল হোৱা দেখা গৈছে। <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_উৎস">বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ উৎস</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ উৎস">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg/220px-Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg/330px-Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg/440px-Dust_Storm_Texas_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3364" data-file-height="2196" /></a><figcaption>ধূলিৰ ধুমুহা ওচৰ চাপি আহিছে <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1,_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ষ্ট্ৰেটফোৰ্ড, টেক্সাছ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ষ্ট্ৰেটফোৰ্ড, টেক্সাছ</a>ৰ পিনে</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg/220px-BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg/330px-BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg/440px-BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>জৰ্জিয়াৰ ষ্টেটছব’ৰ’ৰ বাহিৰৰ এখন পথাৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰিতভাৱে জ্বলাই দিয়া হৈছে</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg/300px-Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg/450px-Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg/600px-Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰভাৱ আৰু কাৰকসমূহ</figcaption></figure>বায়ু কেনেদৰে প্ৰদূষিত হয়? বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ কাৰণ ঘাইকৈ দুটা৷ প্ৰাকৃতিক আৰু মানৱ সৃষ্ট৷ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="মানৱ_সৃষ্ট">মানৱ সৃষ্ট</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: মানৱ সৃষ্ট">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/220px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/330px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/440px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>এটা শক্তি কেন্দ্ৰৰ শীতল টাৱাৰ ভাঙি পৰা অৱস্থাত, এথল'ন, কেপ টাউন, দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা, ২০১০</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg/220px-BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg/330px-BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg/440px-BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption>ৰবি শস্য ৰোপনৰ বাবে আমেৰিকাৰ জৰ্জিয়াৰ এখন পথাৰত নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত জ্বলন কাৰ্য</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg/220px-Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg/330px-Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg/440px-Fish_smoking_in_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="1786" /></a><figcaption>ঘানাত মুকলি ঠাইত জুইৰ ওপৰত সিজোৱা মাছৰ গোন্ধ, ২০১৮</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন শক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ আৰু জৈৱভৰ শক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ দুয়োটাতে ধোঁৱাৰ ভাণ্ডাৰ সৃষ্টি হয়।<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> তেল আৰু গেছৰ স্থানবোৰত মিথেন নিৰ্গমন হয়।<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li>পৰম্পৰাগত জৈৱবস্তু যেনে কাঠ, শস্যৰ আৱৰ্জনা আৰু গোবৰ জ্বলোৱা। (উন্নয়নশীল আৰু দৰিদ্ৰ দেশসমূহত,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> পৰম্পৰাগত জৈৱভৰ জ্বলোৱাটোৱেই হৈছে বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰধান উৎস।<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> ই ব্ৰিটেইন আৰু নিউ চাউথ ৱেলছকে ধৰি বহু উন্নত অঞ্চলত প্ৰদূষণৰ মূল উৎস।<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-45">[45]</a> ইয়াৰ প্ৰদূষকসমূহৰ ভিতৰত 'PAH'(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)সমূহো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>))</li></ul> <ul><li>নিৰ্মাণ।<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>আৱৰ্জনা জ্বলোৱা (জুই জ্বলোৱা যন্ত্ৰৰ লগতে কু-পৰিচালিত আৱৰ্জনা দহনৰ মুকলি আৰু অনিয়ন্ত্ৰিত জুই, যি পৌৰসভাৰ কঠিন স্থলজ আৱৰ্জনাসমূহৰ প্ৰায় এক চতুৰ্থাংশ)<a href="#cite_note-waste-crisis-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>চৌকা আৰু অন্যান্য ধৰণৰ ইন্ধন জ্বলোৱা উত্তাপন যন্ত্ৰ।<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>চলন্ত উৎসসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মটৰ গাড়ী, ৰে'ল (বিশেষকৈ ডিজেল ইঞ্জিন আৰু ডিএমইউ), সাগৰীয় জাহাজ আৰু বিমান<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>ৰ লগতে ৰকেট আৰু আন উপাদান আৰু ধ্বংসাৱশেষৰ পুনৰ প্ৰৱেশ আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> গাড়ীৰ বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ বাহ্যিকতাই এক্সজষ্ট গেছ আৰু গাড়ীৰ টায়াৰ (মাইক্ৰ'প্লাষ্টিককে ধৰি<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>))ৰ পৰা বায়ুত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে। বাহনসমূহে "আমেৰিকাৰ সকলো বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰায় এক তৃতীয়াংশ উৎপাদন কৰে"<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ এটা প্ৰধান চালক বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত জ্বলন কাৰ্য ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি কৃষি আৰু বন ব্যৱস্থাপনা কৌশল। আমাজনৰ দৰে অৰণ্যত ঝুম কৃষি-পদ্ধতিৰ দৰে প্ৰথাই বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংসৰ লগে লগে বৃহৎ বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত বা নিৰ্ধাৰিত জ্বলন হৈছে বন ব্যৱস্থাপনা, যি কৃষি আৰু উলু জাতীয় বন পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ আৰু সেউজ গৃহ গেছ হ্ৰাস কৰাত ব্যৱহৃত এক প্ৰথা।<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> বনকৰ্মীসকলে নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত জুইক আহিলা হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰে, কাৰণ জুই বনাঞ্চল আৰু ঘাঁহনিৰ পৰিৱেশ দুয়োটাৰে বাবে ই এটা প্ৰাকৃতিক বৈশিষ্ট্য।<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত জ্বলনে কিছুমান বাঞ্ছনীয় ঘাঁহ-বনৰ বংশবৃদ্ধিত অৰিহণা যোগায়, যাৰ ফলত বনাঞ্চলৰ নবীকৰণ হৈ যায়।<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li></ul> দহনৰ বাদেও বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ আন কেতবোৰ কাৰণো আছে। <ul><li>ৰং, চুলিত মৰা স্প্ৰে, বাৰ্নিচ, এৰ’ছল স্প্ৰে আৰু অন্যান্য দ্ৰাৱকৰ পৰা ওলোৱা ধোঁৱা বা গোন্ধ। এইবোৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয় হ’ব পাৰে; এই উৎসসমূহৰ পৰা নিৰ্গত হোৱা নিৰ্গমনে ২০১০ চনত লছ এঞ্জেলছ অৱবাহিকাত ’অস্বাভাৱিক জৈৱ যৌগসমূহ’ৰ পৰা হোৱা প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰায় আধা দায়ী বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল।<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>আৱৰ্জনাস্থলীত আৱৰ্জনা জমা হ'লে মিথেন উৎপন্ন হয়<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> আৰু আৱৰ্জনা মুকলিকৈ জ্বলাই দিলে ক্ষতিকাৰক পদাৰ্থ নিৰ্গত হয়।<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>পাৰমাণৱিক অস্ত্ৰ, বিষাক্ত গেছ, বীজাণু যুদ্ধ, আৰু ৰকেট আদি সামৰিক সম্পদৰ উদাহৰণ৷<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>কৃষিৰ বৰ্জিত পদাৰ্থ আৰু মাংসৰ বাবে পালন কৰা পশুধনৰ পৰা হোৱা নিৰ্গমনে বায়ু প্ৰদূষণত যথেষ্ট অৰিহণা যোগায়<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-10.1038/nature15371-68">[68]</a> সাৰুৱা কৃষিভূমি নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইডৰ এটা প্ৰধান উৎস হ'ব পাৰে।<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-10.1038/nature15371-68">[68]</a> তদুপৰি, যোৱা কেইটামান দশকত জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন জ্বলোৱা বাহনৰ সংখ্যা দ্ৰুতগতিত বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল যি <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assamesegyan.xyz/2021/11/air-pollution-essay-in-assamese-language.html">বায়ুত প্ৰদূষকৰ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408105232/https://www.assamesegyan.xyz/2021/11/air-pollution-essay-in-assamese-language.html">Archived</a> 2023-04-08 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a> সংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি কৰিছিল।</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="প্ৰাকৃতিক_কাৰণ">প্ৰাকৃতিক কাৰণ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: প্ৰাকৃতিক কাৰণ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <ul><li>সাধাৰণতে গছ-গছনি কম বা গছ-গছনি নথকা বৃহৎ অঞ্চল বা মৰুভূমিৰ পৰা অহা প্ৰাকৃতিক ধূলি।</li> <li>জীৱ-জন্তু যেনে গৰু-ম’হৰ গোবৰৰ দ্বাৰা নিৰ্গত হোৱা মিথেন গেছ।</li> <li>পৃথিৱীৰ আৱৰণৰ তলত তেজস্ক্ৰিয় ক্ষয়ৰ পৰা ৰেডন গেছ। ৰেডন হৈছে ৰংহীন, গন্ধহীন, প্ৰাকৃতিকভাৱে পোৱা তেজস্ক্ৰীয় উন্নত গেছ, যি ৰেডিয়াম ক্ষয়প্ৰাপ্ত হৈ গঠিত হয়। ইয়াক স্বাস্থ্যৰ বাবে বিপজ্জনক বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। প্ৰাকৃতিক উৎসৰ পৰা নিৰ্গত ৰেডন গেছ অট্টালিকাত বিশেষকৈ বেছমেণ্টৰ দৰে বন্ধ অঞ্চলত জমা হ’ব পাৰে। আনহাতৰ চিগাৰেট সেৱন হাওঁফাওঁৰ কৰ্কট ৰোগৰ দ্বিতীয় ক্ষিপ্ৰ কাৰণ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত।</li> <li>বনজুইৰ পৰা নিৰ্গত ধোঁৱা আৰু কাৰ্বন মনোক্সাইড। সক্ৰিয় বনজুইৰ সময়ছোৱাত অনিয়ন্ত্ৰিত জৈৱবস্তুৰ দহনৰ ধোঁৱাই ঘনত্বৰ ভিত্তিত সকলো বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰায় ৭৫% হ'ব পাৰে।<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>কিছুমান অঞ্চলত গছ-গছনিয়ে উষ্ণ দিনত পৰিৱেশৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি যথেষ্ট পৰিমাণৰ অস্বাভাৱিক জৈৱ যৌগ (VOC) নিৰ্গত কৰে। এই ভিঅ'চিসমূহে প্ৰাথমিক মানৱজনিত প্ৰদূষকসমূহৰ সৈতে বিক্ৰিয়া কৰি – বিশেষকৈ, NOx, SO2 আৰু মানৱজনিত জৈৱিক কাৰ্বন যৌগসমূহৰ সৈতে বিক্ৰিয়া কৰি গৌণ প্ৰদূষকৰ ঋতুভিত্তিক কুঁৱলী উৎপন্ন কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> ক’লা আঠা, পপলাৰ, ওক আৰু উইলো আদি গছ-গছনিৰ কিছুমান উদাহৰণ যিয়ে প্ৰচুৰ পৰিমাণে ভি অ’ চি উৎপন্ন কৰিব পাৰে। এই প্ৰজাতিবোৰৰ পৰা VOC উৎপাদনৰ ফলত কম প্ৰভাৱৰ গছৰ প্ৰজাতিতকৈ অ'জনৰ মাত্ৰা আঠগুণলৈকে বেছি হয়।<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ কাৰ্য্যকলাপ, যিয়ে চালফাৰ, ক্ল'ৰিন আৰু ছাইৰ কণা উৎপন্ন কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="নগৰীকৰণ">নগৰীকৰণ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: নগৰীকৰণ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> সঘনে গঢ়ি উঠা নগৰবোৰ বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ এক মুখ্যকাৰক। নগৰ সমূহৰ গৃহ নিৰ্মাণত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা বিভিন্ন আচবাব যেনে – ইটা, বালি, চিমেণ্ট আদিৰপৰা দূষিত ৰেডন গেছৰ উৎপত্তি হয়। নগৰ অঞ্চলত যিহেতু কল-কাৰখানা, যান-বাহন আদিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ বেছি, সেই কাৰণেই এই অঞ্চলবোৰৰ বায়ুমণ্ডলত ছালফাৰ-ডাই-অক্সাইডৰ(SO2)গাঢ়তা বেছি হয়। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিৱী">পৃথিৱী</a>ত বছৰি প্ৰায় ৩৩৮নিযুত টন দূষিত আৱৰ্জনা নগৰ বিলাকত সৃষ্টি হব ধৰিছে। স্তূপীকৃত আৱৰ্জনা আৰু <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="নগৰ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">নগৰ</a> অঞ্চলৰ নৰ্দমা আৱৰ্জনাত থকা জৈৱ পদাৰ্থৰ পচনক্ৰিয়াত হাইড্ৰ’জেন চালফাইড(H2S)গেছ উৎপন্ন হয়। জাৰণৰ সহায়ত অক্সিজেন যুক্ত হৈ ছালফাৰ-ডাই-অক্সাইডৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। কেতিয়াবা (H2S)গেছ নিৰ্গত হৈ বায়ুমণ্ডলত থকা <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পানী">পানী</a>ৰ বাষ্পৰ লগত লগলাগি ছালফিউৰিক এচিডলৈ (H2SO4)পৰিৱৰ্ত্তিত হয় আৰু <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="এচিড বৰষুণ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">এচিড বৰষুণ</a> হৈ তললৈ নামি আহে। এই এচিড বৰষুণে গছ-গছনিৰ লগতে আমাৰ ঘৰ-দুৱাৰ আদিৰো বিস্তৰ ক্ষতি সাধন কৰে। বন ধ্বংসৰ ফলত গছ-গছনিৰ পৰিমাণ দিনে হ্ৰাস পাইছে। গছ-গছনিৰ অভাৱত বায়ুমণ্ডলত অক্সিজেনৰ পৰিমাণ যথেষ্ট কমি গৈছে আৰু কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইডৰ পৰিমাণ দিনে দিনে বৃদ্ধি পাই আহিছে। ইয়াৰ ফলত পৃথিৱীৰ গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা দিনে দিনে বৃদ্ধি পাইছে আৰু ইয়ে এদিন সমগ্ৰ জীৱকুল ধ্বংসৰ কাৰণ হ'বলৈ আগবাঢ়িছে। <a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="উদ্যোগিক_প্ৰদূষণ_কাৰক">উদ্যোগিক প্ৰদূষণ কাৰক</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: উদ্যোগিক প্ৰদূষণ কাৰক">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Industrial-pollution.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Industrial-pollution.JPG/220px-Industrial-pollution.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Industrial-pollution.JPG/330px-Industrial-pollution.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Industrial-pollution.JPG/440px-Industrial-pollution.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Industrial air pollution emissions</figcaption></figure> নানা ধৰণৰ কল-কাৰখানা <a class="mw-selflink selflink">বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ</a>ৰ প্ৰধান উৎস।<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> এই উদ্যোগসমূহৰ পৰা নিৰ্গত হোৱা কাৰ্বন মনক্সাইড (CO),কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইড (CO2),ছালফাৰ-ডাই-অক্সাইড (SO2),হাইড্ৰ’জেন ছালফাইড (H2S)আৰু হাইড্ৰ’কাৰ্বন আদি গেছে বায়ু প্ৰদূষিত কৰে। কিছুমান ৰাসায়নিক উদ্যোগে হাইড্ৰক্লৰিক এচিড, ক্লৰিন, ফ্লৰিন, নাইট্ৰ’জেন অক্সাইড, দস্তা, সীহ, আৰ্ছেনিক, তাম, ছালফাৰ-ডাই-অক্সাইড, কাৰ্বন-মনক্সাইড আদি প্ৰদূষণ কাৰক নিৰ্গত কৰে। এই সকলোবোৰৰ উপৰিও <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="সূৰ্য">সূৰ্য</a>ৰ পৰা অহা অতি বেঙুনীয়া ৰশ্মিৰ প্ৰভাৱত বায়ুমণ্ডলত থকা হাইড্ৰকাৰ্বন তথা নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইডে পেৰক্সি এচিটাইল নাইট্ৰেট (PAN)আৰু <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9C%27%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="অজ'ন (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">অজ'ন</a> (O3) সৃষ্টি কৰি বায়ুমণ্ডলক মাৰাত্মকভাৱে দূষিত কৰা এক ধোঁৱাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। <a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="যান-বাহনে_সৃষ্টি_কৰা_প্ৰদূষক"><span id=".E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8-.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B9.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.87_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.83.E0.A6.B7.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.9F.E0.A6.BF_.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.95">যান-বাহনে সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰদূষক</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: যান-বাহনে সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰদূষক">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> নানা ধৰণৰ যান-বাহনৰ পৰা নিৰ্গত হোৱা বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ বাবে শতকৰা ৬০ভাগ দায়ী। এই ধোঁৱাত কাৰ্বন-মন’ক্সাইড,কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইড,নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইড আৰু হাইড্ৰকাৰ্বন থাকে। প্ৰতি গেলন পেট্ৰলৰ দহনৰ ফলত ৩পাউণ্ড কাৰ্বন-মন’ক্সাইড আৰু ১৫পাউণ্ড নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইড সৃষ্টি হয় আৰু এইবোৰে ৪,০০,০০০ – ২০,০০,০০০ C.C বায়ু দূষিত কৰিব পাৰে। তদুপৰি যান-বাহনৰ ধোঁৱাৰ লগত লীড অক্সাইড নিৰ্গত হয়। পেট্ৰলৰ ক্ষমতা বঢ়াবৰ বাবে প্ৰতি লিটাৰ পেট্ৰলৰ লগত ৪গ্ৰাম পৰ্যন্ত লীড (সীহ)মিহলাই দিয়ে। এই সীহ দেহৰ বাবে ক্ষতিকাৰক। উশাহৰ লগত নাইবা খাদ্য বস্তুৰ সহায়ত এই সীহ মানুহৰ শৰীৰত প্ৰবেশ কৰে। <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="সীহ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">সীহ</a>ৰ মাত্ৰা প্ৰতি ১০০মি.লি.তেজত ২০ ug হ’লে বিষক্ৰিয়া আৰম্ভ হয়।<a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ইন্ধনৰ_দহন">ইন্ধনৰ দহন</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: ইন্ধনৰ দহন">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> ইন্ধন হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা কয়লা,গোবৰ,খৰি,কেৰাচিন ইত্যাদিৰ অসম্পূৰ্ণ দহনৰ ফলত কাৰ্বন মনক্সাইড আদি দূষিত গেছৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। কয়লাত প্ৰচুৰ পৰিমাণে ছালফাৰ থাকে আৰু দহনৰ ফলত ছালফাৰ-ডাই-অক্সাইড হিচাপে বায়ুমণ্ডললৈ নিৰ্গমন হৈ বায়ুক দূষিত কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা_প্ৰদূষণ">কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা প্ৰদূষণ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: কৃষিকাৰ্যৰপৰা প্ৰদূষণ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> জনসংখ্যাৰ বৃদ্ধিৰ লগে লগে অধিক উৎপাদন লাভৰ বাবে কৃষিকাৰ্যত নানা ধৰণৰ ৰাসায়নিক সাৰ,কীটনাশক দৰৱ আদি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। কীটনাশক তথা আগাছানাশক দৰৱ আদিৰপৰা অৰ্গেনিক ফছফেট, ক্লৰিনযুক্ত হাইড্ৰ’কাৰ্বন আৰ্ছেনিক, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="সীহ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">সীহ</a> আদি ওলাই বায়ুৰ লগত মিহলি হৈ বায়ু দূষিত কৰে। <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="তেজষ্ক্ৰিয়_আৰু_আন_পদাৰ্থ_কণা_প্ৰদূষক"><span id=".E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.87.E0.A6.9C.E0.A6.B7.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.95.E0.A7.8D.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC_.E0.A6.86.E0.A7.B0.E0.A7.81_.E0.A6.86.E0.A6.A8_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.A6.E0.A6.BE.E0.A7.B0.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A5_.E0.A6.95.E0.A6.A3.E0.A6.BE_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.95">তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় আৰু আন পদাৰ্থ কণা প্ৰদূষক</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=9" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় আৰু আন পদাৰ্থ কণা প্ৰদূষক">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> নানা ধৰণৰ বিস্ফোৰক আৰু আণবিক চুলাৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ ফলত কিছুমান পদাৰ্থ ধূলিকণা ৰূপে বায়ুমণ্ডলত সৃষ্টি হয় আৰু তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় ৰশ্মি যেনে α,β,γ আদি প্ৰক্ষেপণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও আন কিছুমান পদাৰ্থ বায়ুমণ্ডলত জলীয় আৰু কঠিন এই দুই অৱস্থাতে ভাহি থাকে। এই পদাৰ্থবোৰত কেডমিয়াম, ক্ৰ'মিয়াম, ভানাডিয়াম ইত্যাদি বিষাক্ত ধাতু মিশ্ৰিত হৈ থাকে।<a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণৰ_প্ৰভাৱ">বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰভাৱ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=10" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: বায়ু প্ৰদূষণৰ প্ৰভাৱ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> বায়ু প্ৰদূষণে বিভিন্ন দিশত প্ৰভাৱ বিস্তাৰ কৰে। তলত কেইটামান উল্লেখ কৰা হ’ল – <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="মানৱ_স্বাস্থ্যৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ"><span id=".E0.A6.AE.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.B1_.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.B8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A5.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.AF.E0.A7.B0_.E0.A6.93.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.A4_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.AD.E0.A6.BE.E0.A7.B1">মানৱ স্বাস্থ্যৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=11" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: মানৱ স্বাস্থ্যৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <ol><li>কাৰ্বন মন’অক্সাইড – কাৰ্বন মন’অক্সাইডে তেজৰ ৰক্ত কণিকাত থকা হিমগ্ল’বিনৰ লগত লগ লাগি কাৰ্বক্সিহিমগ্ল’বিন সৃষ্টি কৰে। ফলত তেজৰ অক্সিজেন পৰিবহণ ক্ষমতা কমি যায়। দীৰ্ঘ সময় ধৰি কাৰ্বন মন'ক্সাইড সেৱন কৰিলে মানু্হৰ ভাগৰ লগা,মূৰ্ছা যোৱা, আনকি মৃত্যু হোৱাও দেখা যায়।</li> <li>ছালফাৰ-ডাই-অক্সাইড – ছালফাৰৰ অক্সাইবোৰে আমাৰ শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাসৰ নলীবোৰৰ কোষবোৰ আক্ৰান্ত কৰি ডিঙিৰ সুৰসুৰণি,শ্বাসকষ্ট,এজমা,ব্ৰংকাইটিছ আদি ৰোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। কেতিয়াবা এই গেছৰ(SO2) প্ৰভাৱত চকুৰ ৰোগ হোৱাও দেখা যায়।</li> <li>নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইড – নাইট্ৰজেন অক্সাইডবোৰে হাওঁফাওঁৰ বেৰত থকা কোষবোৰ আক্ৰান্ত কৰি এজমা,নিউমোনিয়া ব্ৰংকাইটিছ জাতীয় ৰোগৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। লগতে চকুৰ ৰোগও কৰে।</li> <li>কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইড – এই গেছে হাওঁফাও ৰোগ,ব্ৰংকাইটিছ আদিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে।</li> <li>সীহ – উশাহৰ লগত সীহ মানুহৰ দেহৰ ভিতৰত সোমালে ই লাহে লাহে মানুহজনক মৃত্যুৰ মুখলৈ ঠেলি দিয়ে। কাৰণ সীহে তেজত থকা হিমগ্ল’বিন গঠনত বাধা প্ৰদান কৰে। তদুপৰি সীহে সৰু ল’ৰা-ছোৱালীৰ মস্তিষ্কৰ ক্ষতি সাধন কৰে।</li> <li>এলডিহাইড – বিভিন্ন উৎসৰপৰা সৃষ্টি হোৱা এলডিহাইডবোৰে পাকস্থলী আৰু শ্বাসনলীৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।</li> <li>হাইড্ৰ’কাৰ্বন – উদ্যোগবোৰত সৃষ্টি হোৱা বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ হাইড্ৰ’কাৰ্বনবোৰৰ অসম্পূৰ্ণ জাৰণৰ ফলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা বেঞ্জ’পাইৰিন জাতীয় পদাৰ্থই হাওঁফাওঁৰ কৰ্কটৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।</li> <li>O3 গেছ – বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ ষ্টেট’স্ফিয়াৰত থকা অ’জন (O3)গেছে <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="সূৰ্য্য">সূৰ্য্য</a>ৰ পৰা অতি বেঙুনীয়া ৰশ্মি <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিৱী">পৃথিৱী</a>লৈ আহিব নিদিয়ে। এই গেছে মানুহৰ মিউকাছ আৱৰণৰ ক্ষতি সাধন কৰে। আনহাতে,CFC (Chloro Fluro Carbon) হেলন আদি গেছৰ প্ৰভাৱত অ’জন স্তৰটোৰ ক্ষতিসাধন হৈ আছে। UN – ৰ সমীক্ষা অনুসৰি শতকৰা ১০ ভাগ অ’জন(O3)ৰ ক্ষতিসাধনে শতকৰা ২৬ ভাগ মেলান’মাছ নামৰ ছালৰ কেঞ্চাৰ ৰোগ বঢ়ায়।</li> <li>তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় পদাৰ্থ – বায়ুত <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় পদাৰ্থ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">তেজষ্ক্ৰিয় পদাৰ্থ</a>ৰ উপস্থিতিৰ ফলত কৰ্কট ৰোগৰ উপৰিও জন্মৰ সময়ত ল’ৰা-ছোৱালীৰ দৈহিক বিকৃতি পৰিলক্ষিত হয়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও কয়লাৰ খনিত কাম কৰা কৰ্মীবোৰৰ ক’লা হাওঁফাওঁ ৰোগ আৰু এচবেষ্টছ উদ্যোগত কাম কৰা কৰ্মীবোৰৰ এছবেষ্ট’ছিছ নামৰ ৰোগ বিশেষভাৱে উল্লেখযোগ্য।<a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a></li> <li>বায়ু প্ৰদূষনৰ ফলত মানুহৰ বিভিন্ন শ্বাস প্ৰশ্বাসজনিত ৰোগ হ'ব পাৰে |</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="আন_প্ৰাণীৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ">আন প্ৰাণীৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=12" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: আন প্ৰাণীৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> কল-কাৰখানাৰ ওচৰত বাস কৰা প্ৰাণীবোৰৰ ফ্লৰিন সেৱনৰ বাবে ফ্ল’ৰছিছ ৰোগ হয়। প্ৰদূষিত বায়ু পানীৰ লগত মিহলি হৈ নদ-নদী, খাল, বিল, পুখুৰী, হ্ৰদ আনকি <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="সাগৰ">সাগৰ</a>ৰ পানীৰো আম্লিকতা বৃদ্ধি কৰে। ফলত এই পানীত বাস কৰা জলজ প্ৰাণীবোৰৰ বেয়াকৈ ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত হয়। <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="উদ্ভিদ_জগতত_প্ৰভাৱ">উদ্ভিদ জগতত প্ৰভাৱ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=13" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: উদ্ভিদ জগতত প্ৰভাৱ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <ol><li>kolyan থকা SO2 য়ে শস্য আৰু আন উদ্ভিদৰ যথেষ্ট পৰিমাণে ক্ষতিসাধন কৰে। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="উদ্ভিদ">উদ্ভিদ</a>ৰ পাতৰ বিভিন্ন পত্ৰৰন্ধ্ৰইদি এই SO2 গেছবোৰ ব্যাপিত হৈ সালোক সংশ্লেষণৰ বাবে অতি প্ৰয়োজনীয় পত্ৰহৰিৎক ক্ষতি কৰে।</li> <li>উদ্যোগ সমূহত সৃষ্টি হোৱা ফ্লৰাইড গেছে পাতৰ উৰিভাগত থকা মমজাতীয় কিউটিক’ল নামৰ স্তৰটো নষ্ট কৰে। এই স্তৰটোৱে উদ্ভিদৰ অতিৰিক্ত <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পানী">পানী</a> ওলাই যোৱাত বাধা দি থাকে। এই প্ৰভাৱ দীৰ্ঘসময় ধৰি সঞ্চিত হ’লে উদ্ভিদৰ নেক্ৰ’ছিছ (Nacrosis), ক্লৰছিছ (Chlorosis), এপিনেষ্টি (Eppinasty), এবছিছন (Abscission)আদি ৰোগ হয় আৰু কেতিয়াবা মৃত্যু হোৱাও দেখা যায়।</li> <li>বায়ুমণ্ডলত থকা ইথিলিন জাতীয় পদাৰ্থ কপাহ নাইবা আন আন শস্যৰ বাবে ক্ষতিকাৰক। কিছুমান হাইড্ৰ’কাৰ্বনৰ প্ৰভাৱত অপৈণত অৱস্থাতে উদ্ভিদৰ পাত নাইবা ফল সৰি যায়।</li> <li>অ’জন গেছৰ প্ৰভাৱত ৰবৰ টান হয় আৰু ০.০২ ppm গাঢ়তাত উদ্ভিদৰ ক’লেনকাইমা কোষবোৰ ধ্বংস হয়। অ’জন গেছে অপৈনত অৱস্থাতে উদ্ভিদৰ পাত সৰাই পেলায়।</li> <li>নগৰীকৰণ আৰু উদ্যোগৰ ফলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা কিছুমান বায়ু প্ৰদূষকে খেতিপথাৰত অনিষ্টকাৰী কীট-পতঙ্গৰ সংখ্যা বঢ়োৱাৰ লগে লগে খেতিপথাৰৰ যথেষ্ট অনিষ্ট সাধন কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="জলবায়ুৰ_ওপৰত_প্ৰভাৱ">জলবায়ুৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=14" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: জলবায়ুৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> বায়ুমণ্ডলত কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইডৰ পৰিমাণ বাঢ়ি গলে <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="সূৰ্য্য">সূৰ্য্য</a>ৰ পৰা বিকিৰিত ৰশ্মি কুঁৱলী আৰু কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইডৰ তৰপ ভেদ কৰি ওলাই যাব নোৱাৰে। ফলত <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="পৰিবেশ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">পৰিবেশ</a>ৰ উষ্ণতা বাঢ়ে। ইয়াক <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1" title="সেউজ গৃহ প্ৰভাৱ">সেউজ গৃহ প্ৰভাৱ</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা">ইংৰাজী</a>: Green house effect) বোলে। ইতিমধ্যে যোৱা ১০০ বছৰৰ ভিতৰত <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিৱী">পৃথিৱী</a>ৰ উষ্ণতা প্ৰায় ০.৫° বাঢ়িছে। প্ৰত্যেক বছৰে কল-কাৰখানাবোৰৰ পৰা প্ৰায় ৬০০০ নিযুত টন CO2 বায়ুমণ্ডলত সৃষ্টি হৈ আছে। <dl><dt>বিভিন্ন আচবাবত প্ৰভাৱ</dt></dl> উদ্যোগ সমূহৰ পৰা ওলোৱা ধোৱা আৰু এচিড বৰষুণে পকীঘৰ অট্টালিকাবোৰৰ গৃহ নিৰ্মাণ সামগ্ৰীসমূহৰ অৱক্ষয় ঘটায় আৰু সৌন্দৰ্য্যহীন হৈ পৰে।<a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণ_নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ_উপায়"><span id=".E0.A6.AC.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A7.81_.E0.A6.AA.E0.A7.8D.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.A6.E0.A7.82.E0.A6.B7.E0.A6.A3_.E0.A6.A8.E0.A6.BF.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC.E0.A6.A8.E0.A7.8D.E0.A6.A4.E0.A7.8D.E0.A7.B0.E0.A6.A3.E0.A7.B0_.E0.A6.89.E0.A6.AA.E0.A6.BE.E0.A6.AF.E0.A6.BC">বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ উপায়</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=15" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ উপায়">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> বৰ্তমান আধুনিক যুগত বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে নাইকিয়া কৰাটো সম্ভৱ নহয় যদিও কিছুমান পদ্ধতিৰ দ্বাৰা ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ নিম্নতম কৰিব পৰা যায়। <ol><li>উদ্যোগ সমূহৰ পৰা ধোৱা নিৰ্গত হোৱা চিমনীবোৰ ওখ কৰিলে দূষিত বায়ু ওপৰলৈ উঠি যাব আৰু পৰিবেশৰ ওপৰত নিম্নতম ঋণাত্মক প্ৰভাৱ পেলাব।</li> <li>পুৰণি যান-বাহন সমূহ চলোৱাত বাধা দি, কেটালাইটিক কনভাৰ্টাৰ (Catalytic converter)ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি দূষিত পদাৰ্থবোৰ পৰিবেশত অহাৰ আগতে দহন কৰা প্ৰয়োজন।</li> <li>উদ্যোগ সমূহত চাইক্লন (Cyclone) নামৰ এক বিশেষ যন্ত্ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বস্তুকণা (articulate matter) সমন্বিত গেছৰ চেণ্ট্ৰিফিউজ কৰি বস্তুকণাসমূহ পৃথক কৰিব পাৰি।</li> <li>স্ক্ৰাবাৰ (Scrubbers)ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="বায়ুমণ্ডল (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">বায়ুমণ্ডল</a>ৰ পৰা বস্তুকণাৰ লগতে SO2 গেছো পৃথক কৰিব পাৰি।</li> <li>বৃক্ষৰোপণ বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ ৰোধ কৰাৰ এক অন্যতম উপায়। উদ্ভিদে সালোক সংশ্লেষণ প্ৰথাৰ দ্বাৰা বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ পৰা কাৰ্বন-ডাই-অক্সাইড শোষণ কৰি বায়ুমণ্ডল শোধন কৰে।<a href="#cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">[2]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="তথ্য_সংগ্ৰহ">তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=16" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r368696">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Air_pollution-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Air_pollution_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Air_pollution_1-1">1.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Air_pollution_1-2">1.2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution">"Air pollution"</a> (en ভাষাত). www.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution">https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2023-01-14.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Air+pollution&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.who.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhealth-topics%2Fair-pollution&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-গ্ৰন্থ_১-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-1">2.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-2">2.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-3">2.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-4">2.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-5">2.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-6">2.6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-7">2.7</a> <a href="#cite_ref-গ্ৰন্থ_১_2-8">2.8</a> দীপালী দাস (২য় সংস্কৰণ ২০১২). পৰিবেশ অধ্যয়ন. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8/81-85-916-100-4" title="বিশেষ:গ্ৰন্থৰ উত্স/81-85-916-100-4">81-85-916-100-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6+%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8&rft.aulast=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&rft.au=%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8&rft.date=%E0%A7%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3+%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8&rft.isbn=81-85-916-100-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Manisalidis, Ioannis; Stavropoulou, Elisavet; Stavropoulos, Agathangelos; Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7044178">"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review"</a>. Frontiers in Public Health খণ্ড 8: 14. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpubh.2020.00014">10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/2296-2565">2296-2565</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32154200">32154200</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+Health+Impacts+of+Air+Pollution%3A+A+Review&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Public+Health&rft.aulast=Manisalidis&rft.aufirst=Ioannis&rft.au=Manisalidis%2C%26%2332%3BIoannis&rft.au=Stavropoulou%2C%26%2332%3BElisavet&rft.au=Stavropoulos%2C%26%2332%3BAgathangelos&rft.au=Bezirtzoglou%2C%26%2332%3BEugenia&rft.date=2020&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=14&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffpubh.2020.00014&rft_id=info:pmid/32154200&rft.issn=2296-2565&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> Howell, Rachel; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Pickerill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Pickerill (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Pickerill, Jenny</a> (2016). "The Environment and Environmentalism". In Daniels, Peter; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Bradshaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Bradshaw (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Bradshaw, Michael</a>; Shaw, Denis et al.. An Introduction To Human Geography (5th সম্পাদনা). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Education (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Pearson</a>. পৃষ্ঠা. 134. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8/978-1-292-12939-6" title="বিশেষ:গ্ৰন্থৰ উত্স/978-1-292-12939-6">978-1-292-12939-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Environment+and+Environmentalism&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+To+Human+Geography&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Howell%2C%26%2332%3BRachel&rft.au=Pickerill%2C%26%2332%3BJenny&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE.%26nbsp%3B134&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=%5B%5BPearson+Education%7CPearson%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-1-292-12939-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> Dimitriou, Anastasia; Christidou, Vasilia (2011-09-26), Khallaf, Mohamed, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources/causes-and-consequences-of-air-pollution-and-environmental-injustice-as-critical-issues-for-science-">"Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution and Environmental Injustice as Critical Issues for Science and Environmental Education"</a> (en ভাষাত), The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources (InTech), <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5772%2F17654">10.5772/17654</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8/978-953-307-528-0" title="বিশেষ:গ্ৰন্থৰ উত্স/978-953-307-528-0">978-953-307-528-0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources/causes-and-consequences-of-air-pollution-and-environmental-injustice-as-critical-issues-for-science-">http://www.intechopen.com/books/the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources/causes-and-consequences-of-air-pollution-and-environmental-injustice-as-critical-issues-for-science-</a>, আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-05-31<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Causes+and+Consequences+of+Air+Pollution+and+Environmental+Injustice+as+Critical+Issues+for+Science+and+Environmental+Education&rft.jtitle=The+Impact+of+Air+Pollution+on+Health%2C+Economy%2C+Environment+and+Agricultural+Sources&rft.aulast=Dimitriou&rft.aufirst=Anastasia&rft.au=Dimitriou%2C%26%2332%3BAnastasia&rft.au=Christidou%2C%26%2332%3BVasilia&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft.pub=InTech&rft_id=info:doi/10.5772%2F17654&rft.isbn=978-953-307-528-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intechopen.com%2Fbooks%2Fthe-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources%2Fcauses-and-consequences-of-air-pollution-and-environmental-injustice-as-critical-issues-for-science-&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2014-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2014_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2014_6-1">6.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/25-03-2014-7-million-premature-deaths-annually-linked-to-air-pollution">"7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>. 25 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/25-03-2014-7-million-premature-deaths-annually-linked-to-air-pollution">https://www.who.int/news/item/25-03-2014-7-million-premature-deaths-annually-linked-to-air-pollution</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 25 March 2014.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=7+million+premature+deaths+annually+linked+to+air+pollution&rft.atitle=&rft.date=25+March+2014&rft.pub=%5B%5BWHO%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F25-03-2014-7-million-premature-deaths-annually-linked-to-air-pollution&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> Allen, J. L.; Klocke, C.; Morris-Schaffer, K.; Conrad, K.; Sobolewski, M.; Cory-Slechta, D. A. (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5499513">"Cognitive Effects of Air Pollution Exposures and Potential Mechanistic Underpinnings"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_Environmental_Health_Reports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current Environmental Health Reports (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Current Environmental Health Reports</a> খণ্ড 4 (2): 180–191. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40572-017-0134-3">10.1007/s40572-017-0134-3</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28435996">28435996</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Effects+of+Air+Pollution+Exposures+and+Potential+Mechanistic+Underpinnings&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BCurrent+Environmental+Health+Reports%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=J.+L.&rft.au=Allen%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+L.&rft.au=Klocke%2C%26%2332%3BC.&rft.au=Morris-Schaffer%2C%26%2332%3BK.&rft.au=Conrad%2C%26%2332%3BK.&rft.au=Sobolewski%2C%26%2332%3BM.&rft.au=Cory-Slechta%2C%26%2332%3BD.+A.&rft.date=June+2017&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=180%E2%80%93191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs40572-017-0134-3&rft_id=info:pmid/28435996&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> Newbury, Joanne B.; Stewart, Robert; Fisher, Helen L.; Beevers, Sean; Dajnak, David; Broadbent, Matthew; Pritchard, Megan; Shiode, Narushige et al. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8636613">"Association between air pollution exposure and mental health service use among individuals with first presentations of psychotic and mood disorders: retrospective cohort study"</a> (en ভাষাত). The British Journal of Psychiatry খণ্ড 219 (6): 678–685. 2021-08-19. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1192%2Fbjp.2021.119">10.1192/bjp.2021.119</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1250">0007-1250</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048872">35048872</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Association+between+air+pollution+exposure+and+mental+health+service+use+among+individuals+with+first+presentations+of+psychotic+and+mood+disorders%3A+retrospective+cohort+study&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.aulast=Newbury&rft.aufirst=Joanne+B.&rft.au=Newbury%2C%26%2332%3BJoanne+B.&rft.au=Stewart%2C%26%2332%3BRobert&rft.au=Fisher%2C%26%2332%3BHelen+L.&rft.au=Beevers%2C%26%2332%3BSean&rft.au=Dajnak%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.au=Broadbent%2C%26%2332%3BMatthew&rft.au=Pritchard%2C%26%2332%3BMegan&rft.au=Shiode%2C%26%2332%3BNarushige&rft.au=Heslin%2C%26%2332%3BMargaret&rft.date=2021&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=678%E2%80%93685&rft_id=info:doi/10.1192%2Fbjp.2021.119&rft_id=info:pmid/35048872&rft.issn=0007-1250&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1371/journal.pmed.1003718-9"><a href="#cite_ref-10.1371/journal.pmed.1003718_9-0">↑</a> Ghosh, Rakesh; Causey, Kate; Burkart, Katrin; Wozniak, Sara; Cohen, Aaron; Brauer, Michael (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=8478226">"Ambient and household PM2.5 pollution and adverse perinatal outcomes: A meta-regression and analysis of attributable global burden for 204 countries and territories"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=PLOS_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLOS Medicine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PLOS Medicine</a> খণ্ড 18 (9): e1003718. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1003718">10.1371/journal.pmed.1003718</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1549-1676">1549-1676</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34582444">34582444</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ambient+and+household+PM2.5+pollution+and+adverse+perinatal+outcomes%3A+A+meta-regression+and+analysis+of+attributable+global+burden+for+204+countries+and+territories&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPLOS+Medicine%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.au=Ghosh%2C%26%2332%3BRakesh&rft.au=Causey%2C%26%2332%3BKate&rft.au=Burkart%2C%26%2332%3BKatrin&rft.au=Wozniak%2C%26%2332%3BSara&rft.au=Cohen%2C%26%2332%3BAaron&rft.au=Brauer%2C%26%2332%3BMichael&rft.date=28+September+2021&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e1003718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1003718&rft_id=info:pmid/34582444&rft.issn=1549-1676&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> Stanek, L. W.; Brown, J. S.; Stanek, J.; Gift, J.; Costa, D. L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/toxsci/kfq367">"Air Pollution Toxicology—A Brief Review of the Role of the Science in Shaping the Current Understanding of Air Pollution Health Risks"</a>. Toxicological Sciences খণ্ড 120: S8–S27. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2Fkfq367">10.1093/toxsci/kfq367</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21147959">21147959</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/toxsci/kfq367">https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/toxsci/kfq367</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-11-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Air+Pollution+Toxicology%E2%80%94A+Brief+Review+of+the+Role+of+the+Science+in+Shaping+the+Current+Understanding+of+Air+Pollution+Health+Risks&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.aulast=Stanek&rft.aufirst=L.+W.&rft.au=Stanek%2C%26%2332%3BL.+W.&rft.au=Brown%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+S.&rft.au=Stanek%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Gift%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Costa%2C%26%2332%3BD.+L.&rft.date=2011&rft.volume=120&rft.pages=S8%E2%80%93S27&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2Fkfq367&rft_id=info:pmid/21147959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Ftoxsci%2Farticle-lookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2Fkfq367&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Majumder, Nairrita; Kodali, Vamsi; Velayutham, Murugesan; Goldsmith, Travis; Amedro, Jessica; Khramtsov, Valery V.; Erdely, Aaron; Nurkiewicz, Timothy R. et al. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=9887725">"Aerosol physicochemical determinants of carbon black and ozone inhalation co-exposure induced pulmonary toxicity"</a>. Toxicological Sciences খণ্ড 191 (1): 61–78. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2Fkfac113">10.1093/toxsci/kfac113</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36303316">36303316</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aerosol+physicochemical+determinants+of+carbon+black+and+ozone+inhalation+co-exposure+induced+pulmonary+toxicity&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.aulast=Majumder&rft.aufirst=Nairrita&rft.au=Majumder%2C%26%2332%3BNairrita&rft.au=Kodali%2C%26%2332%3BVamsi&rft.au=Velayutham%2C%26%2332%3BMurugesan&rft.au=Goldsmith%2C%26%2332%3BTravis&rft.au=Amedro%2C%26%2332%3BJessica&rft.au=Khramtsov%2C%26%2332%3BValery+V.&rft.au=Erdely%2C%26%2332%3BAaron&rft.au=Nurkiewicz%2C%26%2332%3BTimothy+R.&rft.au=Harkema%2C%26%2332%3BJack+R.&rft.date=2022&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=61%E2%80%9378&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2Fkfac113&rft_id=info:pmid/36303316&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-danial-12"><a href="#cite_ref-danial_12-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shop.elsevier.com/books/fundamentals-of-air-pollution/vallero/978-0-12-373615-4">"Fundamental of air pollution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://shop.elsevier.com/books/fundamentals-of-air-pollution/vallero/978-0-12-373615-4">https://shop.elsevier.com/books/fundamentals-of-air-pollution/vallero/978-0-12-373615-4</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 January 2024.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fundamental+of+air+pollution&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshop.elsevier.com%2Fbooks%2Ffundamentals-of-air-pollution%2Fvallero%2F978-0-12-373615-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PNAS2019-13"><a href="#cite_ref-PNAS2019_13-0">↑</a> Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (25 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6462052">"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</a> খণ্ড 116 (15): 7192–7197. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1819989116">10.1073/pnas.1819989116</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30910976">30910976</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fossil+fuel+and+total+anthropogenic+emission+removal+on+public+health+and+climate&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BProceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Lelieveld&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Lelieveld%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Klingm%C3%BCller%2C%26%2332%3BK.&rft.au=Pozzer%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Burnett%2C%26%2332%3BR.+T.&rft.au=Haines%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Ramanathan%2C%26%2332%3BV.&rft.date=25+March+2019&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=7192%E2%80%937197&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1819989116&rft_id=info:pmid/30910976&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-spaceref.com-14"><a href="#cite_ref-spaceref.com_14-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318112405/https://spaceref.com/earth/fine-particulate-matter-map-shows-premature-mortality-due-to-air-polution/">"Fine Particulate Matter Map Shows Premature Mortality Due to Air Pollution - SpaceRef"</a>. spaceref.com. 19 September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceref.com/earth/fine-particulate-matter-map-shows-premature-mortality-due-to-air-polution.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318112405/https://spaceref.com/earth/fine-particulate-matter-map-shows-premature-mortality-due-to-air-polution/">https://web.archive.org/web/20230318112405/https://spaceref.com/earth/fine-particulate-matter-map-shows-premature-mortality-due-to-air-polution/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 12 August 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fine+Particulate+Matter+Map+Shows+Premature+Mortality+Due+to+Air+Pollution+-+SpaceRef&rft.atitle=&rft.date=19+September+2013&rft.pub=spaceref.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230318112405%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fspaceref.com%2Fearth%2Ffine-particulate-matter-map-shows-premature-mortality-due-to-air-polution%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-iopscience.iop.org-15"><a href="#cite_ref-iopscience.iop.org_15-0">↑</a> Silva, Raquel A; West, J Jason; Zhang, Yuqiang; Anenberg, Susan C; Lamarque, Jean-François; Shindell, Drew T; Collins, William J; Dalsoren, Stig et al. (2013). "Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Research_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Research Letters (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Environmental Research Letters</a> খণ্ড 8 (3): 034005. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F8%2F3%2F034005">10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034005</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+premature+mortality+due+to+anthropogenic+outdoor+air+pollution+and+the+contribution+of+past+climate+change&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BEnvironmental+Research+Letters%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Raquel+A&rft.au=Silva%2C%26%2332%3BRaquel+A&rft.au=West%2C%26%2332%3BJ+Jason&rft.au=Zhang%2C%26%2332%3BYuqiang&rft.au=Anenberg%2C%26%2332%3BSusan+C&rft.au=Lamarque%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Shindell%2C%26%2332%3BDrew+T&rft.au=Collins%2C%26%2332%3BWilliam+J&rft.au=Dalsoren%2C%26%2332%3BStig&rft.au=Faluvegi%2C%26%2332%3BGreg&rft.date=2013&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=034005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F8%2F3%2F034005&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-১০-16"><a href="#cite_ref-১০_16-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449554/">"বিশ্বব্যাপী গড় আয়ুস"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449554/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449554/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 26 January 2024.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC+%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7449554%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-air-17"><a href="#cite_ref-air_17-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport2016EnergyandAirPollution.pdf">"Energy and Air Pollution"</a>. Iea.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport2016EnergyandAirPollution.pdf">http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport2016EnergyandAirPollution.pdf</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 12 March 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Energy+and+Air+Pollution&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Iea.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea.org%2Fpublications%2Ffreepublications%2Fpublication%2FWorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport2016EnergyandAirPollution.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/27/business/energy-environment/study-links-6-5-million-deaths-each-year-to-air-pollution.html">"Study Links 6.5 Million Deaths Each Year to Air Pollution"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New York Times (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">The New York Times</a>. 26 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/27/business/energy-environment/study-links-6-5-million-deaths-each-year-to-air-pollution.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/27/business/energy-environment/study-links-6-5-million-deaths-each-year-to-air-pollution.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Study+Links+6.5+Million+Deaths+Each+Year+to+Air+Pollution&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+New+York+Times%5D%5D&rft.date=26+June+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy-environment%2Fstudy-links-6-5-million-deaths-each-year-to-air-pollution.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worstpolluted.org/">"Reports"</a>. WorstPolluted.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.worstpolluted.org/">http://www.worstpolluted.org/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 August 2010.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Reports&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=WorstPolluted.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worstpolluted.org%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2018-20">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2018_20-0">20.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2018_20-1">20.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action">"9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. 2 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action">https://www.who.int/news/item/02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2021-05-18.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=9+out+of+10+people+worldwide+breathe+polluted+air%2C+but+more+countries+are+taking+action&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2+May+2018&rft.pub=%5B%5BWorld+Health+Organization%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eib.org/en/stories/air-pollution-monitor">"Cheap air pollution monitors help plot your walk"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Investment_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Investment Bank (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">European Investment Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.eib.org/en/stories/air-pollution-monitor">https://www.eib.org/en/stories/air-pollution-monitor</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2021-05-18.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cheap+air+pollution+monitors+help+plot+your+walk&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BEuropean+Investment+Bank%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eib.org%2Fen%2Fstories%2Fair-pollution-monitor&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/assessing-the-risks-to-health">"Assessing the risks to health from air pollution"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Environment_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Environment Agency (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">European Environment Agencywww</a>.eea.europa.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/assessing-the-risks-to-health">https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/assessing-the-risks-to-health</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2021-05-18.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Assessing+the+risks+to+health+from+air+pollution&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BEuropean+Environment+Agency%5D%5Dwww.eea.europa.eu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eea.europa.eu%2Fpublications%2Fassessing-the-risks-to-health&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-oo-23"><a href="#cite_ref-oo_23-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(22)00090-0/fulltext,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35594895/">"pollution and health"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(22)00090-0/fulltext,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35594895/">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(22)00090-0/fulltext,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35594895/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 January 2024.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=pollution+and+health&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flanplh%2Farticle%2FPIIS2542-5196%2822%2900090-0%2Ffulltext%2Chttps%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F35594895%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-c-24"><a href="#cite_ref-c_24-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/781521473177013155/pdf/108141-REVISED-Cost-of-PollutionWebCORRECTEDfile.pdf">"cost of air pollution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/781521473177013155/pdf/108141-REVISED-Cost-of-PollutionWebCORRECTEDfile.pdf">https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/781521473177013155/pdf/108141-REVISED-Cost-of-PollutionWebCORRECTEDfile.pdf</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 January 2024.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=cost+of+air+pollution&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F781521473177013155%2Fpdf%2F108141-REVISED-Cost-of-PollutionWebCORRECTEDfile.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Com-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Com_25-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/09/08/making-case-clean-air-world-bank-says-pollution-cost-global-economy-5-trillion">"Making case for clean air"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/09/08/making-case-clean-air-world-bank-says-pollution-cost-global-economy-5-trillion">https://www.commondreams.org/news/2016/09/08/making-case-clean-air-world-bank-says-pollution-cost-global-economy-5-trillion</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 22 January 2024.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Making+case+for+clean+air&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fnews%2F2016%2F09%2F08%2Fmaking-case-clean-air-world-bank-says-pollution-cost-global-economy-5-trillion&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Batool, Rubeena; Zaman, Khalid; Khurshid, Muhammad Adnan; Sheikh, Salman Masood; Aamir, Alamzeb; Shoukry, Alaa Mohamd; Sharkawy, Mohamed A.; Aldeek, Fares et al. (October 2019). "Economics of death and dying: a critical evaluation of environmental damages and healthcare reforms across the globe". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Science_and_Pollution_Research_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Science and Pollution Research International (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Environmental Science and Pollution Research International</a> খণ্ড 26 (29): 29799–29809. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11356-019-06159-x">10.1007/s11356-019-06159-x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1614-7499">1614-7499</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31407261">31407261</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Economics+of+death+and+dying%3A+a+critical+evaluation+of+environmental+damages+and+healthcare+reforms+across+the+globe&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BEnvironmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Batool&rft.aufirst=Rubeena&rft.au=Batool%2C%26%2332%3BRubeena&rft.au=Zaman%2C%26%2332%3BKhalid&rft.au=Khurshid%2C%26%2332%3BMuhammad+Adnan&rft.au=Sheikh%2C%26%2332%3BSalman+Masood&rft.au=Aamir%2C%26%2332%3BAlamzeb&rft.au=Shoukry%2C%26%2332%3BAlaa+Mohamd&rft.au=Sharkawy%2C%26%2332%3BMohamed+A.&rft.au=Aldeek%2C%26%2332%3BFares&rft.au=Khader%2C%26%2332%3BJameel&rft.date=October+2019&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=29799%E2%80%9329809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11356-019-06159-x&rft_id=info:pmid/31407261&rft.issn=1614-7499&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> Bherwani, Hemant; Nair, Moorthy; Musugu, Kavya; Gautam, Sneha; Gupta, Ankit; Kapley, Atya; Kumar, Rakesh (10 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7286556">"Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Quality,_Atmosphere_%26_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health</a> খণ্ড 13 (6): 683–694. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11869-020-00845-3">10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9318">1873-9318</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837611">32837611</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Valuation+of+air+pollution+externalities%3A+comparative+assessment+of+economic+damage+and+emission+reduction+under+COVID-19+lockdown&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BAir+Quality%2C+Atmosphere+%26+Health%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Bherwani&rft.aufirst=Hemant&rft.au=Bherwani%2C%26%2332%3BHemant&rft.au=Nair%2C%26%2332%3BMoorthy&rft.au=Musugu%2C%26%2332%3BKavya&rft.au=Gautam%2C%26%2332%3BSneha&rft.au=Gupta%2C%26%2332%3BAnkit&rft.au=Kapley%2C%26%2332%3BAtya&rft.au=Kumar%2C%26%2332%3BRakesh&rft.date=10+June+2020&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=683%E2%80%93694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11869-020-00845-3&rft_id=info:pmid/32837611&rft.issn=1873-9318&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> US EPA, OCSPP (2014-09-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/p2/pollution-prevention-law-and-policies">"Pollution Prevention Law and Policies"</a> (en ভাষাত). www.epa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.epa.gov/p2/pollution-prevention-law-and-policies">https://www.epa.gov/p2/pollution-prevention-law-and-policies</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pollution+Prevention+Law+and+Policies&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=US+EPA&rft.aufirst=OCSPP&rft.au=US+EPA%2C%26%2332%3BOCSPP&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.pub=www.epa.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fp2%2Fpollution-prevention-law-and-policies&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Frieden, Thomas R. (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3910052">"Six Components Necessary for Effective Public Health Program Implementation"</a> (en ভাষাত). American Journal of Public Health খণ্ড 104 (1): 17–22. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2013.301608">10.2105/AJPH.2013.301608</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0090-0036">0090-0036</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24228653">24228653</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Six+Components+Necessary+for+Effective+Public+Health+Program+Implementation&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.aulast=Frieden&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft.au=Frieden%2C%26%2332%3BThomas+R.&rft.date=January+2014&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17%E2%80%9322&rft_id=info:doi/10.2105%2FAJPH.2013.301608&rft_id=info:pmid/24228653&rft.issn=0090-0036&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> Environment, U. N. (2018-10-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol">"About Montreal Protocol"</a> (en ভাষাত). Ozonaction. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.unep.org/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol">http://www.unep.org/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=About+Montreal+Protocol&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Environment&rft.aufirst=U.+N.&rft.au=Environment%2C%26%2332%3BU.+N.&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft.pub=Ozonaction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.org%2Fozonaction%2Fwho-we-are%2Fabout-montreal-protocol&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/">"The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer"</a> (en-US ভাষাত). United States Department of State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/">https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Montreal+Protocol+on+Substances+That+Deplete+the+Ozone+Layer&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fkey-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues%2Fthe-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iea.uoregon.edu/treaty-text/3186">"Protocol On Further Reduction Of Sulphur Emissions To The Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution | International Environmental Agreements (IEA) Database Project"</a> (en ভাষাত). iea.uoregon.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://iea.uoregon.edu/treaty-text/3186">https://iea.uoregon.edu/treaty-text/3186</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Protocol+On+Further+Reduction+Of+Sulphur+Emissions+To+The+Convention+On+Long-Range+Transboundary+Air+Pollution+%7C+International+Environmental+Agreements+%28IEA%29+Database+Project&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=iea.uoregon.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiea.uoregon.edu%2Ftreaty-text%2F3186&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Nations, United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange">"ClimateChange"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange">https://www.un.org/en/climatechange</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ClimateChange&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Nations&rft.aufirst=United&rft.au=Nations%2C%26%2332%3BUnited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fclimatechange&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change">"Climate change"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organizationwww</a>.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change">https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Climate+change&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BWorld+Health+Organization%5D%5Dwww.who.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhealth-topics%2Fclimate-change&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/paris-global-climate-change-agreements">"Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Foreign_Relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council on Foreign Relations (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Council on Foreign Relations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/paris-global-climate-change-agreements">https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/paris-global-climate-change-agreements</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Global+Climate+Agreements%3A+Successes+and+Failures&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BCouncil+on+Foreign+Relations%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Fparis-global-climate-change-agreements&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> Perera, Frederica (2017-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5800116">"Pollution from Fossil-Fuel Combustion is the Leading Environmental Threat to Global Pediatric Health and Equity: Solutions Exist"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Journal_of_Environmental_Research_and_Public_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</a> খণ্ড 15 (1): 16. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph15010016">10.3390/ijerph15010016</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1660-4601">1660-4601</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29295510">29295510</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pollution+from+Fossil-Fuel+Combustion+is+the+Leading+Environmental+Threat+to+Global+Pediatric+Health+and+Equity%3A+Solutions+Exist&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BInternational+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Perera&rft.aufirst=Frederica&rft.au=Perera%2C%26%2332%3BFrederica&rft.date=2017-12-23&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fijerph15010016&rft_id=info:pmid/29295510&rft.issn=1660-4601&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale">"Mapping methane emissions on a global scale"</a> (en ভাষাত). ESA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale">https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Mapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mapping+methane+emissions+on+a+global+scale&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=ESA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FApplications%2FObserving_the_Earth%2FCopernicus%2FSentinel-5P%2FMapping_methane_emissions_on_a_global_scale&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683">"Climate change: Satellites map huge methane plumes from oil and gas"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">BBC News</a>. 4 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683">https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60203683</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Climate+change%3A+Satellites+map+huge+methane+plumes+from+oil+and+gas&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BBBC+News%5D%5D&rft.date=4+February+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-60203683&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/02/03/cracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find/">"Cracking down on methane 'ultra emitters' is a quick way to combat climate change, researchers find"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Washington_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Washington Post (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/02/03/cracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/02/03/cracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find/</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cracking+down+on+methane+%27ultra+emitters%27+is+a+quick+way+to+combat+climate+change%2C+researchers+find&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+Washington+Post%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fclimate-environment%2F2022%2F02%2F03%2Fcracking-down-methane-ultra-emitters-is-quick-way-combat-climate-change-researchers-find%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> Lauvaux, T.; Giron, C.; Mazzolini, M.; d’Aspremont, A.; Duren, R.; Cusworth, D.; Shindell, D.; Ciais, P. (4 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj4351">"Global assessment of oil and gas methane ultra-emitters"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science (journal) (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Science</a> খণ্ড 375 (6580): 557–561. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abj4351">10.1126/science.abj4351</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35113691">35113691</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj4351">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj4351</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+assessment+of+oil+and+gas+methane+ultra-emitters&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+%28journal%29%7CScience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Lauvaux&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Lauvaux%2C%26%2332%3BT.&rft.au=Giron%2C%26%2332%3BC.&rft.au=Mazzolini%2C%26%2332%3BM.&rft.au=d%E2%80%99Aspremont%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.au=Duren%2C%26%2332%3BR.&rft.au=Cusworth%2C%26%2332%3BD.&rft.au=Shindell%2C%26%2332%3BD.&rft.au=Ciais%2C%26%2332%3BP.&rft.date=4+February+2022&rft.volume=375&rft.issue=6580&rft.pages=557%E2%80%93561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.abj4351&rft_id=info:pmid/35113691&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.abj4351&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> Rentschler, Jun; Leonova, Nadezda (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=10363163">"Global air pollution exposure and poverty"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_Communications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature Communications (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Nature Communications</a> খণ্ড 14 (1): 4432. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-023-39797-4">10.1038/s41467-023-39797-4</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37481598">37481598</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+air+pollution+exposure+and+poverty&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNature+Communications%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Rentschler&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.au=Rentschler%2C%26%2332%3BJun&rft.au=Leonova%2C%26%2332%3BNadezda&rft.date=2023&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4432&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41467-023-39797-4&rft_id=info:pmid/37481598&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> Pennise, David; Smith, Kirk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf">"Biomass Pollution Basics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf">https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Biomass+Pollution+Basics&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Pennise&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Pennise%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.au=Smith%2C%26%2332%3BKirk&rft.pub=%5B%5BWorld+Health+Organization%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Findoorair%2Finterventions%2Fantiguamod21.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html">"Indoor air pollution and household energy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> and UNEP. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html">https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Indoor+air+pollution+and+household+energy&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=%5B%5BWorld+Health+Organization%7CWHO%5D%5D+and+UNEP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fheli%2Frisks%2Findoorair%2Findoorair%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> Hawkes, N. (22 May 2015). "Air pollution in UK: the public health problem that won't go away". <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMJ (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">BMJ</a> খণ্ড 350 (may22 1): h2757. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h2757">10.1136/bmj.h2757</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001592">26001592</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Air+pollution+in+UK%3A+the+public+health+problem+that+won%27t+go+away&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BBMJ%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Hawkes%2C%26%2332%3BN.&rft.date=22+May+2015&rft.volume=350&rft.issue=may22+1&rft.pages=h2757&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136%2Fbmj.h2757&rft_id=info:pmid/26001592&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-45"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_45-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/factsheets/Pages/wood-smoke.aspx">"Wood burning heaters and your health - Fact sheets"</a>. www.health.nsw.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/factsheets/Pages/wood-smoke.aspx">https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/factsheets/Pages/wood-smoke.aspx</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Wood+burning+heaters+and+your+health+-+Fact+sheets&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.health.nsw.gov.au&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.nsw.gov.au%2Fenvironment%2Ffactsheets%2FPages%2Fwood-smoke.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> Tsiodra, Irini; Grivas, Georgios; Tavernaraki, Kalliopi; Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Apostolaki, Maria; Paraskevopoulou, Despina; Gogou, Alexandra; Parinos, Constantine et al. (7 December 2021). "Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes" (English ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmospheric_Chemistry_and_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</a> খণ্ড 21 (23): 17865–17883. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5194%2Facp-21-17865-2021">10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7316">1680-7316</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Annual+exposure+to+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+urban+environments+linked+to+wintertime+wood-burning+episodes&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BAtmospheric+Chemistry+and+Physics%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Tsiodra&rft.aufirst=Irini&rft.au=Tsiodra%2C%26%2332%3BIrini&rft.au=Grivas%2C%26%2332%3BGeorgios&rft.au=Tavernaraki%2C%26%2332%3BKalliopi&rft.au=Bougiatioti%2C%26%2332%3BAikaterini&rft.au=Apostolaki%2C%26%2332%3BMaria&rft.au=Paraskevopoulou%2C%26%2332%3BDespina&rft.au=Gogou%2C%26%2332%3BAlexandra&rft.au=Parinos%2C%26%2332%3BConstantine&rft.au=Oikonomou%2C%26%2332%3BKonstantina&rft.date=7+December+2021&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=17865%E2%80%9317883&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194%2Facp-21-17865-2021&rft.issn=1680-7316&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction">"EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction">https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=EMEP%2FEEA+air+pollutant+emission+inventory+guidebook+2019&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eea.europa.eu%2Fpublications%2Femep-eea-guidebook-2019%2Fpart-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters%2F2-industrial-processes%2F2-a-mineral-products%2F2-a-5-b-construction&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics">"Particulate Matter (PM), US EPA"</a>. 19 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics">https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Particulate+Matter+%28PM%29%2C+US+EPA&rft.atitle=&rft.date=19+April+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fpm-pollution%2Fparticulate-matter-pm-basics&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-waste-crisis-49"><a href="#cite_ref-waste-crisis_49-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-01-health-crisis-billion-tons-potentially.html">"Health crisis: Up to a billion tons of waste potentially burned in the open every year"</a> (en ভাষাত). phys.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-01-health-crisis-billion-tons-potentially.html">https://phys.org/news/2021-01-health-crisis-billion-tons-potentially.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Health+crisis%3A+Up+to+a+billion+tons+of+waste+potentially+burned+in+the+open+every+year&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2021-01-health-crisis-billion-tons-potentially.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> Cook, E.; Velis, C. A. (6 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/169766/">"Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Review_on_Safer_End_of_Engineered_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/169766/">http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/169766/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 February 2021.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+Review+on+Safer+End+of+Engineered+Life&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BGlobal+Review+on+Safer+End+of+Engineered+Life%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Cook%2C%26%2332%3BE.&rft.au=Velis%2C%26%2332%3BC.+A.&rft.date=6+January+2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.whiterose.ac.uk%2F169766%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/combustion-pollutants-your-home-guidelines">"Combustion Pollutants in Your Home - Guidelines"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Air_Resources_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Air Resources Board (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">California Air Resources Board</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/combustion-pollutants-your-home-guidelines">https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/combustion-pollutants-your-home-guidelines</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 June 2022. ""... most furnaces, wood stoves, fireplaces, gas water heaters, and gas clothes dryers, usually vent (exhaust) the combustion pollutants directly to the outdoors. However, if the vent system is not properly designed, installed, and maintained, indoor pollutants can build up quickly inside the home."<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Combustion+Pollutants+in+Your+Home+-+Guidelines&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BCalifornia+Air+Resources+Board%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww2.arb.ca.gov%2Fresources%2Fdocuments%2Fcombustion-pollutants-your-home-guidelines&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/overview-air-pollution-transportation">"Overview of Air Pollution from Transportation"</a>. US Environmental Protection Agency. 15 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/overview-air-pollution-transportation">https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/overview-air-pollution-transportation</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 June 2022.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Overview+of+Air+Pollution+from+Transportation&rft.atitle=&rft.date=15+December+2021&rft.pub=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Ftransportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change%2Foverview-air-pollution-transportation&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> Ryan, Robert G.; Marais, Eloise A.; Balhatchet, Chloe J.; Eastham, Sebastian D. (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=9287058">"Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth%27s_Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earth's Future (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Earth's Future</a> খণ্ড 10 (6): e2021EF002612. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2021EF002612">10.1029/2021EF002612</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/2328-4277">2328-4277</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865359">35865359</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Rocket+Launch+and+Space+Debris+Air+Pollutant+Emissions+on+Stratospheric+Ozone+and+Global+Climate&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BEarth%27s+Future%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft.au=Ryan%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+G.&rft.au=Marais%2C%26%2332%3BEloise+A.&rft.au=Balhatchet%2C%26%2332%3BChloe+J.&rft.au=Eastham%2C%26%2332%3BSebastian+D.&rft.date=June+2022&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e2021EF002612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2021EF002612&rft_id=info:pmid/35865359&rft.issn=2328-4277&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> Yeung, Jessie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/world/atmospheric-plastics-study-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html">"Microplastics in our air 'spiral the globe' in a cycle of pollution, study finds"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/world/atmospheric-plastics-study-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html">https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/13/world/atmospheric-plastics-study-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Microplastics+in+our+air+%27spiral+the+globe%27+in+a+cycle+of+pollution%2C+study+finds&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Yeung&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft.au=Yeung%2C%26%2332%3BJessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F04%2F13%2Fworld%2Fatmospheric-plastics-study-intl-hnk-scli-scn%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/environmental-impact">"The environmental impacts of cars explained"</a> (en ভাষাত). Environment (<a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Geographic (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">National Geographic</a>). 4 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/environmental-impact">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/environmental-impact</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+environmental+impacts+of+cars+explained&rft.jtitle=Environment&rft.date=4+September+2019&rft.pub=%5B%5BNational+Geographic%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fenvironment%2Farticle%2Fenvironmental-impact&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20100218a/">"NASA GISS: NASA News & Feature Releases:Road Transportation Emerges as Key Driver of Warming"</a> (en ভাষাত). www.giss.nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20100218a/">https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20100218a/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 August 2022.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=NASA+GISS%3A+NASA+News+%26+Feature+Releases%3ARoad+Transportation+Emerges+as+Key+Driver+of+Warming&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.giss.nasa.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giss.nasa.gov%2Fresearch%2Fnews%2F20100218a%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/car-emissions-global-warming">"Car Emissions & Global Warming | Union of Concerned Scientists"</a> (en ভাষাত). www.ucsusa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/car-emissions-global-warming">https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/car-emissions-global-warming</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 August 2022.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Car+Emissions+%26+Global+Warming+%7C+Union+of+Concerned+Scientists&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.ucsusa.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucsusa.org%2Fresources%2Fcar-emissions-global-warming&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia23356-nasas-airs-maps-carbon-monoxide-from-brazil-fires">"NASA's AIRS Maps Carbon Monoxide from Brazil Fires"</a>. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia23356-nasas-airs-maps-carbon-monoxide-from-brazil-fires">https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia23356-nasas-airs-maps-carbon-monoxide-from-brazil-fires</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 August 2022.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=NASA%27s+AIRS+Maps+Carbon+Monoxide+from+Brazil+Fires&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=NASA+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory+%28JPL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fimages%2Fpia23356-nasas-airs-maps-carbon-monoxide-from-brazil-fires&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> Harper, Ashleigh R.; Doerr, Stefan H.; Santin, Cristina; Froyd, Cynthia A.; Sinnadurai, Paul (2018-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717335878">"Prescribed fire and its impacts on ecosystem services in the UK"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_of_the_Total_Environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science of the Total Environment (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Science of the Total Environment</a> খণ্ড 624: 691–703. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.12.161">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.161</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0048-9697">0048-9697</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29272838">29272838</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717335878">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717335878</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prescribed+fire+and+its+impacts+on+ecosystem+services+in+the+UK&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+of+the+Total+Environment%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Ashleigh+R.&rft.au=Harper%2C%26%2332%3BAshleigh+R.&rft.au=Doerr%2C%26%2332%3BStefan+H.&rft.au=Santin%2C%26%2332%3BCristina&rft.au=Froyd%2C%26%2332%3BCynthia+A.&rft.au=Sinnadurai%2C%26%2332%3BPaul&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft.volume=624&rft.pages=691%E2%80%93703&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.12.161&rft_id=info:pmid/29272838&rft.issn=0048-9697&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0048969717335878&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> George Neary, Daniel; McMichael Leonard, Jackson (2020-04-08), Missiakô Kindomihou, Valentin, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intechopen.com/books/grasses-and-grassland-aspects/effects-of-fire-on-grassland-soils-and-water-a-review">"Effects of Fire on Grassland Soils and Water: A Review"</a> (en ভাষাত), Grasses and Grassland Aspects (IntechOpen), <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5772%2Fintechopen.90747">10.5772/intechopen.90747</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8/978-1-78984-949-3" title="বিশেষ:গ্ৰন্থৰ উত্স/978-1-78984-949-3">978-1-78984-949-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.intechopen.com/books/grasses-and-grassland-aspects/effects-of-fire-on-grassland-soils-and-water-a-review">https://www.intechopen.com/books/grasses-and-grassland-aspects/effects-of-fire-on-grassland-soils-and-water-a-review</a>, আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-06-07<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Fire+on+Grassland+Soils+and+Water%3A+A+Review&rft.jtitle=Grasses+and+Grassland+Aspects&rft.aulast=George+Neary&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=George+Neary%2C%26%2332%3BDaniel&rft.au=McMichael+Leonard%2C%26%2332%3BJackson&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft.pub=IntechOpen&rft_id=info:doi/10.5772%2Fintechopen.90747&rft.isbn=978-1-78984-949-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intechopen.com%2Fbooks%2Fgrasses-and-grassland-aspects%2Feffects-of-fire-on-grassland-soils-and-water-a-review&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> Husseini, Rikiatu; Aboah, Daniel T.; Issifu, Hamza (2020-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227619308063">"Fire control systems in forest reserves: An assessment of three forest districts in the Northern region, Ghana"</a> (en ভাষাত). Scientific African খণ্ড 7: e00245. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sciaf.2019.e00245">10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00245</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/2468-2276">2468-2276</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227619308063">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227619308063</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fire+control+systems+in+forest+reserves%3A+An+assessment+of+three+forest+districts+in+the+Northern+region%2C+Ghana&rft.jtitle=Scientific+African&rft.aulast=Husseini&rft.aufirst=Rikiatu&rft.au=Husseini%2C%26%2332%3BRikiatu&rft.au=Aboah%2C%26%2332%3BDaniel+T.&rft.au=Issifu%2C%26%2332%3BHamza&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=e00245&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.sciaf.2019.e00245&rft.issn=2468-2276&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2468227619308063&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> Reyes, O.; Casal, M. (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c">"Effects of forest fire ash on germination and early growth of four pinus species"</a> (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_Ecology_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant Ecology (journal) (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Plant Ecology</a> খণ্ড 175 (1): 81–89. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3AVEGE.0000048089.25497.0c">10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1385-0237">1385-0237</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c">http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects+of+forest+fire+ash+on+germination+and+early+growth+of+four+pinus+species&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPlant+Ecology+%28journal%29%7CPlant+Ecology%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Reyes&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Reyes%2C%26%2332%3BO.&rft.au=Casal%2C%26%2332%3BM.&rft.date=November+2004&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81%E2%80%9389&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AVEGE.0000048089.25497.0c&rft.issn=1385-0237&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1023%2FB%3AVEGE.0000048089.25497.0c&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> Chatterjee, Rhitu (15 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/15/585886321/your-wall-paint-perfumes-and-cleaning-agents-are-polluting-our-air">"Wall Paint, Perfumes and Cleaning Agents Are Polluting Our Air"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NPR (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/15/585886321/your-wall-paint-perfumes-and-cleaning-agents-are-polluting-our-air">https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/15/585886321/your-wall-paint-perfumes-and-cleaning-agents-are-polluting-our-air</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wall+Paint%2C+Perfumes+and+Cleaning+Agents+Are+Polluting+Our+Air&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNPR%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Rhitu&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C%26%2332%3BRhitu&rft.date=15+February+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2018%2F02%2F15%2F585886321%2Fyour-wall-paint-perfumes-and-cleaning-agents-are-polluting-our-air&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas">"Basic Information about Landfill Gas"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Environmental_Protection_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Environmental Protection Agency (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">US Environmental Protection Agency</a>. 15 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas">https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 August 2022. "Landfill gas (LFG) is a natural byproduct of the decomposition of organic material in landfills. LFG is composed of roughly 50 percent methane..."<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Basic+Information+about+Landfill+Gas&rft.atitle=&rft.date=15+April+2016&rft.pub=%5B%5BUS+Environmental+Protection+Agency%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Flmop%2Fbasic-information-about-landfill-gas&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccacoalition.org/projects/open-waste-burning-prevention">"Open waste burning prevention | Climate & Clean Air Coalition"</a> (en ভাষাত). www.ccacoalition.org. 2023-09-07. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ccacoalition.org/projects/open-waste-burning-prevention">https://www.ccacoalition.org/projects/open-waste-burning-prevention</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2023-12-22.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Open+waste+burning+prevention+%7C+Climate+%26+Clean+Air+Coalition&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft.pub=www.ccacoalition.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccacoalition.org%2Fprojects%2Fopen-waste-burning-prevention&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> Hafemeister, David (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7123302">"Biological and Chemical Weapons"</a> (en ভাষাত), Nuclear Proliferation and Terrorism in the Post-9/11 World, প্ৰকাশক Cham: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_International_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer International Publishing (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Springer International Publishing</a>, pp. 337–351, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25367-1_15">10.1007/978-3-319-25367-1_15</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7:%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8/978-3-319-25365-7" title="বিশেষ:গ্ৰন্থৰ উত্স/978-3-319-25365-7">978-3-319-25365-7</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Biological+and+Chemical+Weapons&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Proliferation+and+Terrorism+in+the+Post-9%2F11+World&rft.aulast=Hafemeister&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Hafemeister%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B337%E2%80%93351&rft.place=Cham&rft.pub=%5B%5BSpringer+International+Publishing%5D%5D&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25367-1_15&rft.isbn=978-3-319-25365-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Sun, Feifei; Dai, Yun; Yu, Xiaohua (December 2017). "Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system". Journal of Integrative Agriculture খণ্ড 16 (12): 2945–2962. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2095-3119%2817%2961814-8">10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61814-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Air+pollution%2C+food+production+and+food+security%3A+A+review+from+the+perspective+of+food+system&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Integrative+Agriculture&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Feifei&rft.au=Sun%2C%26%2332%3BFeifei&rft.au=Dai%2C%26%2332%3BYun&rft.au=Yu%2C%26%2332%3BXiaohua&rft.date=December+2017&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2945%E2%80%932962&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS2095-3119%2817%2961814-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1038/nature15371-68">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-10.1038/nature15371_68-0">68.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1038/nature15371_68-1">68.1</a> Lelieveld, J.; Evans, J. S.; Fnais, M.; Giannadaki, D.; Pozzer, A. (September 2015). "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale" (en ভাষাত). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature (journal) (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Nature</a> খণ্ড 525 (7569): 367–371. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature15371">10.1038/nature15371</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381985">26381985</a>. "Whereas in much of the USA and in a few other countries emissions from traffic and power generation are important, in eastern USA, Europe, Russia and East Asia agricultural emissions make the largest relative contribution to PM2.5, with the estimate of overall health impact depending on assumptions regarding particle toxicity.".<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+outdoor+air+pollution+sources+to+premature+mortality+on+a+global+scale&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNature+%28journal%29%7CNature%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Lelieveld&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Lelieveld%2C%26%2332%3BJ.&rft.au=Evans%2C%26%2332%3BJ.+S.&rft.au=Fnais%2C%26%2332%3BM.&rft.au=Giannadaki%2C%26%2332%3BD.&rft.au=Pozzer%2C%26%2332%3BA.&rft.date=September+2015&rft.volume=525&rft.issue=7569&rft.pages=367%E2%80%93371&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature15371&rft_id=info:pmid/26381985&rft.issn=1476-4687&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> Sun, Feifei; Dai, Yun; Yu, Xiaohua (December 2017). "Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system". Journal of Integrative Agriculture খণ্ড 16 (12): 2945–2962. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2095-3119%2817%2961814-8">10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61814-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Air+pollution%2C+food+production+and+food+security%3A+A+review+from+the+perspective+of+food+system&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Integrative+Agriculture&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Feifei&rft.au=Sun%2C%26%2332%3BFeifei&rft.au=Dai%2C%26%2332%3BYun&rft.au=Yu%2C%26%2332%3BXiaohua&rft.date=December+2017&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2945%E2%80%932962&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS2095-3119%2817%2961814-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190320212032/https://www.cleanairresources.com/data">"Education Data, Visualizations & Graphics on particulate pollution."</a>. www.cleanairresources.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleanairresources.com/data">the original</a> on 20 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190320212032/https://www.cleanairresources.com/data">https://web.archive.org/web/20190320212032/https://www.cleanairresources.com/data</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 March 2019.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Education+Data%2C+Visualizations+%26+Graphics+on+particulate+pollution.&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=www.cleanairresources.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190320212032%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleanairresources.com%2Fdata&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> Goldstein, Allen H.; Koven, Charles D.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colette_Heald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colette Heald (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Heald, Colette L.</a>; Fung, Inez Y. (5 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2690056">"Biogenic carbon and anthropogenic pollutants combine to form a cooling haze over the southeastern United States"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a> খণ্ড 106 (22): 8835–40. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0904128106">10.1073/pnas.0904128106</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19451635">19451635</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biogenic+carbon+and+anthropogenic+pollutants+combine+to+form+a+cooling+haze+over+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BProceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Allen+H.&rft.au=Goldstein%2C%26%2332%3BAllen+H.&rft.au=Koven%2C%26%2332%3BCharles+D.&rft.au=Heald%2C%26%2332%3BColette+L.&rft.au=Fung%2C%26%2332%3BInez+Y.&rft.date=5+May+2009&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=8835%E2%80%9340&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0904128106&rft_id=info:pmid/19451635&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> Fischetti, Mark (2014). "Trees That Pollute". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific American (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Scientific American</a> খণ্ড 310 (6): 14. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0614-14">10.1038/scientificamerican0614-14</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25004561">25004561</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trees+That+Pollute&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScientific+American%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Fischetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Fischetti%2C%26%2332%3BMark&rft.date=2014&rft.volume=310&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=14&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0614-14&rft_id=info:pmid/25004561&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intlpollution.commons.gc.cuny.edu/volcanic-pollution/">"Volcanic Pollution |"</a> (en-CAC ভাষাত). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://intlpollution.commons.gc.cuny.edu/volcanic-pollution/">https://intlpollution.commons.gc.cuny.edu/volcanic-pollution/</a>। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2022-02-27.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Volcanic+Pollution+%7C&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintlpollution.commons.gc.cuny.edu%2Fvolcanic-pollution%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> Huo, Hong; Zhang, Qiang; Guan, Dabo; Su, Xin; Zhao, Hongyan; He, Kebin (16 December 2014). "Examining Air Pollution in China Using Production- And Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting Approaches". Environmental Science & Technology খণ্ড 48 (24): 14139–14147. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes503959t">10.1021/es503959t</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Serial_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Serial Number (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-936X">0013-936X</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Identifier (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25401750">25401750</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Examining+Air+Pollution+in+China+Using+Production-+And+Consumption-Based+Emissions+Accounting+Approaches&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.aulast=Huo&rft.aufirst=Hong&rft.au=Huo%2C%26%2332%3BHong&rft.au=Zhang%2C%26%2332%3BQiang&rft.au=Guan%2C%26%2332%3BDabo&rft.au=Su%2C%26%2332%3BXin&rft.au=Zhao%2C%26%2332%3BHongyan&rft.au=He%2C%26%2332%3BKebin&rft.date=16+December+2014&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=14139%E2%80%9314147&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes503959t&rft_id=info:pmid/25401750&rft.issn=0013-936X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf">"Biomass Pollution Basics"</a>. WHO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf">https://www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/antiguamod21.pdf</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Biomass+Pollution+Basics&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kirk+Smith&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Findoorair%2Finterventions%2Fantiguamod21.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html">"Indoor air pollution and household energy"</a>. WHO and UNEP. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html">https://www.who.int/heli/risks/indoorair/indoorair/en/index.html</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Indoor+air+pollution+and+household+energy&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2011&rft.pub=WHO+and+UNEP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fheli%2Frisks%2Findoorair%2Findoorair%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3">  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="বাহ্যিক_সংযোগ">বাহ্যিক সংযোগ</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3&action=edit&section=17" title="শাখা সম্পাদনা: বাহ্যিক সংযোগ">সম্পাদনা কৰক</a>]</div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #aaa; width:{{{width}}}; background-color:{{{background-color}}};"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> ৱিকিমিডিয়া কমন্সত <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution?uselang=as">বায়ু প্ৰদূষণ</a> সম্পৰ্কীয় মিডিয়া ফাইল আছে। </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Air quality science and general information</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urbanairquality.org/">International Conference on Urban Air Quality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216144156/http://www.urbanairquality.org/">Archived</a> 2008-12-16 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/urban%5Fenvironment/">UNEP Urban Issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329182347/http://www.unep.org/urban%5Fenvironment/">Archived</a> 2010-03-29 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/index.htm">European Commission > Environment > Policies > Air >Air Quality</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/pcfv/">UNEP Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100425051159/http://www.unep.org/pcfv/">Archived</a> 2010-04-25 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/en/index.html">Database: outdoor air pollution in cities</a> from the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organisation">World Health Organisation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/2011/11/07/142089991/poisoned-places-air-pollution-in-your-town">Interactive map of US facilities emitting air pollution</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Air quality modelling</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuffintheair.com/airqualitymodeling.html">Stuff in the Air</a> Standard air quality modelling procedure for industrial sources.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atmosphericdispersion.wikia.com/">Wiki on Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling</a>. Addresses the international community of atmospheric dispersion modellers  — primarily researchers, but also users of models. Its purpose is to pool experiences gained by dispersion modellers during their work.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.air-dispersion.com/formulas.html">Air Dispersion Modeling Conversions and Formulas</a> One of six technical articles devoted to air quality and air pollution dispersion modeling.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Effects on human health</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/EE-WHO_warns_on_urban_air_pollution-2809116.html">Fine particle pollution map 1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mrbarlow.wordpress.com/2010/09/27/nasa-maps-global-air-pollution/">fine particle pollution map 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.no/Topics/Air-pollution/Local-air-pollution/">Map showing loss of months in life expectancy due to air pollution</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/">World Health Organization Fact Sheet on Air quality and health</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/44436/story.htm">Air Pollution Triggers Blood Clots</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ownyourair.org/">American Lung Association of New England on air quality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119054007/http://www.ownyourair.org/">Archived</a> 2019-01-19 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM9609.pdf">Dispersion of traffic pollution from street canyons in Edinburgh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035930/http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM9609.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a> by A Searl and D Buchanan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Occupational_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Occupational Medicine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Institute of Occupational Medicine</a> Research Report TM/96/09</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM0301.pdf">Impact assessment of the mortality effects of longer-term exposure to air pollution: exploring cause-specific mortality and susceptibility</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035825/http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM0301.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a> by BG Miller. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Occupational_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Occupational Medicine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Institute of Occupational Medicine</a> Research Report TM/03/01</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM0601.pdf">Comparing estimated risks for air pollution with risks for other health effects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035832/http://www.iom-world.org/pubs/IOM_TM0601.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Wayback Machine</a> by BG Miller and JF Hurley. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Occupational_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Occupational Medicine (পৃষ্ঠা নাই)">Institute of Occupational Medicine</a> Research Report TM/06/01</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comeap.org.uk/documents/reports/128-the-mortality-effects-of-long-term-exposure-to-particulate-air-pollution-in-the-uk.html">The Mortality Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution in the United Kingdom</a>, UK Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution, 2010.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://as.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণ&oldid=432995">https://as.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=বায়ু_প্ৰদূষণ&oldid=432995</a>"ৰ পৰা অনা হৈছে</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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