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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prikaz_nuklearne_reakcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prikaz_nuklearne_reakcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prikaz nuklearne reakcije</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prikaz_nuklearne_reakcije-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Prikaz nuklearne reakcije</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prikaz_nuklearne_reakcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Očuvanje_energije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Očuvanje_energije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Očuvanje energije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Očuvanje_energije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekvivalentnost_mase_i_energije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekvivalentnost_mase_i_energije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ekvivalentnost mase i energije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekvivalentnost_mase_i_energije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jednostavno_označavanje_nuklearnih_reakcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jednostavno_označavanje_nuklearnih_reakcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Jednostavno označavanje nuklearnih reakcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jednostavno_označavanje_nuklearnih_reakcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuklearne_reakcije_s_neutronima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuklearne_reakcije_s_neutronima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nuklearne reakcije s neutronima</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nuklearne_reakcije_s_neutronima-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Nuklearne reakcije s neutronima</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nuklearne_reakcije_s_neutronima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elastični_sudar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elastični_sudar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Elastični sudar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elastični_sudar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neelastični_sudar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neelastični_sudar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Neelastični sudar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neelastični_sudar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uhvat_neutrona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uhvat_neutrona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Uhvat neutrona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uhvat_neutrona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuklearna_fisija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuklearna_fisija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nuklearna fisija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuklearna_fisija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuklearni_udarni_presjek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuklearni_udarni_presjek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nuklearni udarni presjek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuklearni_udarni_presjek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kozmičke_zrake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kozmičke_zrake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kozmičke zrake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kozmičke_zrake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuklearna reakcija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 66 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernreaksie" title="Kernreaksie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kernreaksie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تفاعل نووي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفاعل نووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تفاعل نووي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تفاعل نووي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCv%C9%99_reaksiyas%C4%B1" title="Nüvə reaksiyası – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nüvə reaksiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ядзерная рэакцыя – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ядзерная рэакцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ядрена реакция – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ядрена реакция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="পারমাণবিক বিক্রিয়া – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারমাণবিক বিক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3_nuclear" title="Reacció nuclear – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reacció nuclear" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fk_hu%C4%81ng-%C3%A9ng" title="Hŏk huāng-éng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏk huāng-éng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کاردانەوەی ناوکی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاردانەوەی ناوکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadern%C3%A1_reakce" title="Jaderná reakce – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jaderná reakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Нуклонсарла реакци – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нуклонсарла реакци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernereaktion" title="Kernereaktion – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kernereaktion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernreaktion" title="Kernreaktion – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kernreaktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Πυρηνική αντίδραση – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρηνική αντίδραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nuclear reaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernoreakcio" title="Kernoreakcio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kernoreakcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesos_nucleares" title="Procesos nucleares – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Procesos nucleares" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuumareaktsioon" title="Tuumareaktsioon – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuumareaktsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreakzio_nuklear" title="Erreakzio nuklear – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreakzio nuklear" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="واکنش هسته‌ای – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واکنش هسته‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ydinreaktio" title="Ydinreaktio – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ydinreaktio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9action_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Réaction nucléaire – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réaction nucléaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3n_nuclear" title="Reacción nuclear – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reacción nuclear" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नाभिकीय अभिक्रिया – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाभिकीय अभिक्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_nikley%C3%A8" title="Reyaksyon nikleyè – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon nikleyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreakci%C3%B3" title="Magreakció – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magreakció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Միջուկային ռեակցիաներ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջուկային ռեակցիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_nuklir" title="Reaksi nuklir – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reaksi nuklir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reazione_nucleare" title="Reazione nucleare – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reazione nucleare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C" title="原子核反応 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原子核反応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9aksi_nuklir" title="Réaksi nuklir – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Réaksi nuklir" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბირთვული რეაქცია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბირთვული რეაქცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ядролық реакция – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ядролық реакция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="핵반응 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핵반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branduolin%C4%97_reakcija" title="Branduolinė reakcija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Branduolinė reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodolreakcija" title="Kodolreakcija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kodolreakcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiota_nokleary" title="Fiota nokleary – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiota nokleary" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јадрена реакција – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јадрена реакција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Цөмийн урвал – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цөмийн урвал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नाभिकीय प्रतिक्रिया – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाभिकीय प्रतिक्रिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernreactie" title="Kernreactie – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kernreactie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjernereaksjon" title="Kjernereaksjon – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjernereaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcja_j%C4%85drowa" title="Reakcja jądrowa – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reakcja jądrowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86" title="هستوي غبرګون – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هستوي غبرګون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rea%C3%A7%C3%A3o_nuclear" title="Reação nuclear – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reação nuclear" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_nuclear%C4%83" title="Reacție nucleară – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reacție nucleară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ядерная реакция – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ядерная реакция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_reakcija" title="Nuklearna reakcija – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nuklearna reakcija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="න්‍යෂ්ටික ප්‍රතික්‍රියාව – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="න්‍යෂ්ටික ප්‍රතික්‍රියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nuclear reaction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadrov%C3%A1_reakcia" title="Jadrová reakcia – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jadrová reakcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нуклеарна реакција – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нуклеарна реакција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4denreaktsjoon" title="Käädenreaktsjoon – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Käädenreaktsjoon" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4rnreaktion" title="Kärnreaktion – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kärnreaktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அணுக்கருத் தாக்கம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணுக்கருத் தாக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ปฏิกิริยานิวเคลียร์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิกิริยานิวเคลียร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCkleer_reaksiyon" title="Nükleer reaksiyon – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nükleer reaksiyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ядерна реакція – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ядерна реакція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="نیوکلیائی تعامل – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوکلیائی تعامل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadro_reaksiyasi" title="Yadro reaksiyasi – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yadro reaksiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Phản ứng hạt nhân – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản ứng hạt nhân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="核反应" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბირთვული რეაქცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბირთვული რეაქცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="核反应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Li6-D_Reaction.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Li6-D_Reaction.svg/300px-Li6-D_Reaction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Li6-D_Reaction.svg/450px-Li6-D_Reaction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Li6-D_Reaction.svg/600px-Li6-D_Reaction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Nuklearna reakcija u kojoj <a href="/wiki/Deuterij" title="Deuterij">deuterij</a> bombardira <a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">litij</a>-6, a nastaju dvije <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestice</a> (protoni su prestavljeni crvenim kuglicama, a <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a> plavim kuglicama)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nuklearna reakcija</b> je proces kod kojeg dolazi do vanjskog utjecaja na <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomsku jezgru</a>, koji izaziva njezinu pretvorbu. To može biti međudjelovanje dva nuklida, nuklida i <a href="/wiki/Nukleon" title="Nukleon">nukleona</a> ili nuklida i <a href="/wiki/Gama-%C4%8Destica" title="Gama-čestica">gama-zraka</a>. U nuklearnim reakcijama može nastati nekoliko novih materijalnih čestica ili gama-zraka. Uz iste početne uvjete, nuklearna reakcija se može odvijati na više dopuštenih načina. Proces se odvija prema zakonima <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_fizika" title="Kvantna fizika">kvantne fizike</a>, a u nekim slučajevima vrijede i zakoni <a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika">klasične fizike</a>, uz uvjete određene <a href="/wiki/Zakon_o%C4%8Duvanja_energije" title="Zakon očuvanja energije">zakonima očuvanja energije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električnog naboja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Količina gibanja">količine gibanja</a> (zaleta) i <a href="/wiki/Kutna_koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Kutna količina gibanja">kutne količine gibanja</a> (zamaha), kao i nekih drugih dodatnih kvantnih brojeva.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da bi se dogodila nuklearna reakcija, nukleoni upadne čestice, moraju međudjelovati s <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronima</a> u jezgri mete. <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> upadne <a href="/wiki/Elementarna_%C4%8Destica" title="Elementarna čestica">čestice</a> mora biti dovoljno velika kako bi se svladalo <a href="/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon">elektromagnetsko odbijanje</a> <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a>. Takva se “barijera” naziva <a href="/wiki/Coulombova_barijera" title="Coulombova barijera">Coulombovom barijerom</a>. Ako je energija premala, tada će se nukleoni samo međusobno otkloniti od upadnih putanja. U prvim se eksperimentima <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernesta Rutherforda</a> upravo događalo samo skretanje <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prikaz_nuklearne_reakcije">Prikaz nuklearne reakcije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Prikaz nuklearne reakcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prikaz nuklearne reakcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ako se, radi primjera, uzme da nuklidi A i B ulaze u nuklearnu reakciju iz koje proizlaze nuklidi C i D i u kojoj je izmijenjena <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> s okolinom Q (koja može biti pozitivna ili negativna), jednadžba se te nuklearne reakcije može napisati kao: </p> <dl><dd>A+B→C+D+Q</dd></dl> <p>Kod pisanja jednadžbe za bilo koju nuklearnu reakciju treba poštovati pravilo da broj nukleona A, zbroj elementarnih naboja Z, ukupna energija (uključivši i ekvivalentnu energiju masa u mirovanju) i moment gibanja čestica koje ulaze u nuklearnu reakciju moraju biti sačuvani. Kao primjer može se uzeti nuklearna reakcija u kojoj <a href="/wiki/Deuterij" title="Deuterij">deuterij</a> bombardira <a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">litij</a>-6, a nastaju dvije <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestice</a>: </p> <dl><dd><sup>6</sup><sub>3</sub>Li + <sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub>H → 2 x <sup>4</sup><sub>2</sub>He + Q</dd></dl> <p>Iz primjera nuklearne reakcije očigledno je očuvanje broja nukleona i količine naboja (zbroj <a href="/wiki/Relativna_atomska_masa" title="Relativna atomska masa">atomskih masa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">jediničnih naboja</a> ostaje nepromijenjen u nuklearnoj reakciji). Izmijenjena <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> s okolinom <i>Q</i> se određuje na osnovi gubitka ili defekta masa koji nastaje u nuklearnoj reakciji, odnosno iz razlika energije veze nuklida prije i poslije nuklearne reakcije. Proračun defekta masa je potrebno zasnivati na masama neutralnih atoma, tj. na masama nuklida zajedno s elektronskim plaštom. Nuklearne reakcije kod kojih je <i>Q</i> pozitivan (iz nuklearne reakcije se može dobiti energija) se zovu <b>egzotermne nuklearne reakcije</b>. Obratno, nuklearna reakcija je <i>endotermna</i> ako troši energiju.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Očuvanje_energije"><span id="O.C4.8Duvanje_energije"></span>Očuvanje energije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Očuvanje energije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Očuvanje energije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litij-6 ima relativnu atomsku masu 6,015 <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jedinica_mase" title="Atomska jedinica mase">atomskih jedinica mase</a> (znak u), a deuterij ima 2,014 u, dok atomska jezgra helija-4 ima 4,0026 u. Tako dobivamo: </p> <ul><li>Ukupnu atomsku masu na lijevoj strani = 6,015 + 2,014 = 8,029 u</li> <li>Ukupnu atomsku masu na desnoj strani = 2 × 4,0026 = 8,0052 u</li> <li><b>Gubitak mase</b> ili <b>defekt mase</b> = 8,029 – 8,0052 = 0,0238 atomskih jedinica mase.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekvivalentnost_mase_i_energije">Ekvivalentnost mase i energije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Ekvivalentnost mase i energije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ekvivalentnost mase i energije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U nuklearnoj reakciji vrijedi <a href="/wiki/Zakon_o%C4%8Duvanja_energije" title="Zakon očuvanja energije">zakon očuvanja energije</a>. Gubitak mase ili defekt mase se zato pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičku energiju</a>, koja se oslobađa u toj reakciji, a nastaje zbog <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_energija_vezanja" title="Nuklearna energija vezanja">nuklearne energije vezanja</a>. Korištenjem <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einsteinove</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekvivalencija_mase_i_energije" title="Ekvivalencija mase i energije">ekvivalentnosti mase i energije</a> i formule E = mc<sup>2</sup>, moze se odrediti količina energije koja je oslobođena. Prvo, treba odrediti ekvivalentn mase i energije za jednu <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jedinica_mase" title="Atomska jedinica mase">atomsku jedinicu mase</a>: </p> <dl><dd>1 u <i>c²</i> = (1,66054 × 10<sup>−27</sup> kg) × (2,99792 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s)² </dd> <dd>= 1,49242 × 10<sup>−10</sup> kg (m/s)² = 1,49242 × 10<sup>−10</sup> J (<a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEul" title="Džul">Džul</a>)</dd> <dd>× (1 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a> / 1,60218 × 10<sup>−13</sup> J)</dd> <dd>= 931,49 MeV,</dd></dl> <dl><dd>I dobivamo 1 u <i>c²</i> = 931,49 MeV.</dd></dl> <p>Tako je energija oslobođena iz gornje nuklearne reakcije 0,0238 × 931 MeV = 22,4 MeV. Nuklearna reakcija se tako može opisati detaljnije slijećim izrazom: </p> <dl><dd><sup>6</sup><sub>3</sub>Li + <sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub>H → 2 x <sup>4</sup><sub>2</sub>He + 22,4 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jednostavno_označavanje_nuklearnih_reakcija"><span id="Jednostavno_ozna.C4.8Davanje_nuklearnih_reakcija"></span>Jednostavno označavanje nuklearnih reakcija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Jednostavno označavanje nuklearnih reakcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jednostavno označavanje nuklearnih reakcija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Većina je nuklearnih reakcija izazvana bombardiranjem atomskih jezgri <a href="/wiki/Elementarna_%C4%8Destica" title="Elementarna čestica">elementarnim česticama</a> (neutroni, protoni,gama-kvanti) ili drugim lakim jezgrama (na primjer, <sup>2</sup>H ili <sup>4</sup>He, za koje su uobičajene oznake <i>D</i> odnosno <a href="/wiki/Deuterij" title="Deuterij">deuterij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestica</a>. Iz nuklearnih reakcija većinom proizlaze promijenjena atomska jezgra, te iste ili druge elementarne čestice. </p><p>U literaturi je udomaćen skraćeni oblik obilježavanja nuklearnih reakcija: </p> <dl><dd>A(a,b)B</dd></dl> <p>gdje je: A - jezgra prije nuklearne reakcije, a - čestica koja je izazvala nuklearnu reakciju, B - jezgra koja je nastala u nuklearnoj reakciji, b - elementarna čestica koja nastala u nuklearnoj reakciji.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kod analize pojedinih nuklearnih reakcija, posebno kod razmatranja bilanca momenata gibanja elementarnih čestica i nuklida u nuklearnoj reakciji, pribjegava se u cilju jednostavnijeg objašnjenja fizičkih pojava, pojmu tzv. <b>složene jezgre</b>. Pri tome se nuklearna reakcija razmatra u dvije faze: u prvoj se fazi formira složena jezgra iz početnog jezgra i upadne čestice, a u drugoj fazi dolazi do raspada složene jezgre na rezultirajuću jezgru i izlaznu česticu.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:AirShower.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirShower.svg/400px-AirShower.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirShower.svg/600px-AirShower.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirShower.svg/800px-AirShower.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Kozmičke zrake stvaraju <b>pljusak elementarnih čestica</b>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuklearne_reakcije_s_neutronima">Nuklearne reakcije s neutronima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Nuklearne reakcije s neutronima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nuklearne reakcije s neutronima"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_energija" title="Nuklearna energija">nuklearnoj energetici</a> su posebno značajne nuklearne reakcije koje izazivaju <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a>. Među ovima se po važnosti za nuklearnu energetiku ističu sljedeće: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elastični_sudar"><span id="Elasti.C4.8Dni_sudar"></span>Elastični sudar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Elastični sudar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elastični sudar"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kod elastičnog sudara jezgre i neutrona dolazi do preraspodjele <a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Količina gibanja">količina gibanja</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičkih energija</a> čestica. Analiza se ove pojave vrši slično kao analiza sudara elastičnih kuglica u <a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika">klasičnoj mehanici</a>. Nuklearna se reakcija elastičnog sudara može označiti kao (n,n) reakcija, jer je neutron i ulazna i izlazna čestica iz jezgre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neelastični_sudar"><span id="Neelasti.C4.8Dni_sudar"></span>Neelastični sudar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Neelastični sudar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Neelastični sudar"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ako neutron pri sudaru s atomskom jezgrom dio svoje kinetičke energije pretvara u energiju pobude jezgre, tada se nakon sudara iz jezgre ne emitira samo neutron, nego i <a href="/wiki/Gama-%C4%8Destica" title="Gama-čestica">gama-zraka</a> čija energija odgovara dijelu energije neutrona utrošene na pobudu. Kod takve je nuklearne reakcije energija izlaznog neutrona dakle manja nego što bi bila da je sudar bio elastičan. Nuklearna reakcija neelastičnog sudara, označavana kao (n,nγ) reakcija, je česta kod interakcije neutrona s teškim jezgrama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uhvat_neutrona">Uhvat neutrona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Uhvat neutrona" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uhvat neutrona"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U mnogim nuklearnim reakcijama jezgra zarobljava neutron. Neutron tada unosi u jezgru svoju energiju veze i svoju kinetičku energiju. Ta energija pobuđuje jezgru i biva emitirana iz nje u vidu <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotona</a>, odnosno gama-kvanta. Zbog toga se nuklearna reakcija zarobljavanja neutrona karakterizira kao (n,γ) reakcija. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg/400px-Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg/600px-Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg/800px-Wiki_link_reaction_rate_XS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz nuklearnog udarnog presjeka</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuklearna_fisija">Nuklearna fisija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Nuklearna fisija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nuklearna fisija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija">Nuklearna fisija</a> nastaje kada se jezgra, pobuđena uhvatom neutrona, raspada na dva fisijska fragmenta. Fisija je od temeljne važnosti za nuklearnu energetiku jer omogućuje praktično korištenje nuklearne energije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuklearni_udarni_presjek">Nuklearni udarni presjek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Nuklearni udarni presjek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nuklearni udarni presjek"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jedna od najvažnijih veličina kod nuklearnih reakcija je <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_udarni_presjek" title="Nuklearni udarni presjek">nuklearni udarni presjek</a>, <i>σ</i>. Udarni presjek je mjera vjerojatnosti da se dogodi pojedina reakcija. Udarne presjeke moguće je odrediti koristeći fizikalne modele atomske jezgre primijenjujući pravila <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantne mehanike</a>. Uspoređujući izmjerene i izračunate vrijednosti udarnog presjeka različitih reakcija provijeravaju se valjanosti početnih pretpostavki nekog nuklearnog modela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kozmičke_zrake"><span id="Kozmi.C4.8Dke_zrake"></span>Kozmičke zrake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Kozmičke zrake" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kozmičke zrake"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_zrake" title="Kozmičke zrake">Kozmičke zrake</a> stvaraju prirodne nuklearne reakcije. Nakon što uđu u <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera">Zemljinu atmosferu</a>, kozmičke zrake se sudaraju s <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulama</a>, uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušikom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a>, stvarajući slapove manjih čestica, koje zovemo još <b>pljusak elementarnih čestica</b>. Broj sekundarnih čestica koje nastaju nakon sudara jedne primarne čestice, može biti i na milijarde. Uglavnom nastaju <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pioni</a> (pi-mezone) i K-mezoni, nestabilni <a href="/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon">mezoni</a> koji brzo prelaze u <a href="/wiki/Mion" title="Mion">mione</a>. </p><p>Kozmičke zrake stalno stvaraju i nestabilne <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotope</a> u Zemljinoj atmosferi, kao što je <a href="/wiki/Ugljik-14" title="Ugljik-14">ugljik-14</a>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p+\mathrm {N} ^{14}\rightarrow n+\mathrm {C} ^{14}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>14</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>14</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p+\mathrm {N} ^{14}\rightarrow n+\mathrm {C} ^{14}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d40a798a34a5008765a865bff2f515ecd643c8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:19.122ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p+\mathrm {N} ^{14}\rightarrow n+\mathrm {C} ^{14}}"></span> </p><p>Kozmičke zrake drže količinu ugljika-14 u atmosferi uglavnom stalnim (70 tona) u zadnjih 100 000, sve do 1950-ih, kada se započelo s testiranjem <a href="/wiki/Nuklearno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Nuklearno oružje">nuklearnog oružja</a>. Ta se činjenica koristi u <a href="/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija">arheologiji</a>, za <a href="/wiki/Datiranje_ugljikom-14" title="Datiranje ugljikom-14">datiranje ugljikom-14</a> ili utvrđivanje starosti nekog nalaza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Godine 1919. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> je, bombardirajući <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušik</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-česticama</a> izveo prvu pretvorbu (transmutaciju) jednog elementa u drugi. Rutherford je prilikom istraživanja raspršenja alfa-čestica kroz zrak, otkrio da prilikom bombardiranja atoma dušika s alfa-česticama nastaju nove jezgre atoma <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a>. Pri procesu je nastao kisik, tako je izvršena prva nuklearna reakcija: dušik-14 + α (alfa-čestica) → kisik-17 + p (proton). </p><p>1932. Rutherfordove kolege <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> su bombardirali atom <a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">litija</a>-7 s <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protonima</a>, koji se raspao na dvije alfa-čestice. Taj pokus je nazvan <b>cijepanje atoma</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nek.si/hr/o_nuklearnoj_tehnologiji/nuklearno_gorivo/od_rude_do_zutog_kolaca/">[1]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731082259/http://www.nek.si/hr/o_nuklearnoj_tehnologiji/nuklearno_gorivo/od_rude_do_zutog_kolaca/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 31. srpnja 2017. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Od rude do žutog kolača", Nuklearna elektrana Krško, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/UNE_compl_r1_-_ver_4_DF.pdf">[2]</a><sup>[<span style="color:#a44"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedija:Provjerljivost">neaktivna poveznica</a></i></span>]</sup> "Uvod u nuklearnu energetiku", Prof. dr. sc. Danilo Feretić, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/stars/FusionHydrogenRate.html">[3]</a> "The Astrophysics Spectator: Hydrogen Fusion Rates in Stars"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> R. J. D. Tilley: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZVgOLCXNoMoC&pg=PA495">[4]</a> "Understanding solids: the science of materials", John Wiley and Sons, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://eskola.hfd.hr/fiz_sva_stva/nek/fisija.html">[5]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205224130/http://eskola.hfd.hr/fiz_sva_stva/nek/fisija.html">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 5. veljače 2017. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "4.1 FIZIKA NEK-a - Fisija", Nuklearna elektrana Krško, e-škola, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/cockcroftwalton/cockcroftwalton9_1.htm">[6]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902195556/http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/cockcroftwalton/cockcroftwalton9_1.htm">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 2. rujna 2012. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Cockcroft and Walton split lithium with high energy protons" April 1932.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&oldid=6361987">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklearna_reakcija&oldid=6361987</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nuklearna_fizika" title="Kategorija:Nuklearna fizika">Nuklearna fizika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nuklearna_kemija" title="Kategorija:Nuklearna kemija">Nuklearna kemija</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_s_neaktivnim_poveznicama" title="Kategorija:Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama">Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 9. travnja 2022. u 17:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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