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Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoriek" title="Retoriek – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Retoriek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorik" title="Rhetorik – gjermanishte zvicerane" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rhetorik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte zvicerane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorica" title="Retorica – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Retorica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="بلاغة – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلاغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%B3rica" title="Retórica – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Retórica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritorika" title="Ritorika – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ritorika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA" title="بلاغت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلاغت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рыторыка – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыторыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рыторыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рыторыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Реторика – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реторика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="অলঙ্কারশাস্ত্র – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অলঙ্কারশাস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%B2rica" title="Retòrica – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Retòrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ڕەوانبێژی – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەوانبێژی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9torika" title="Rétorika – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rétorika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhethreg" title="Rhethreg – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhethreg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorik" title="Rhetorik – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhetorik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ρητορική – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρητορική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rhetoric" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoriko" title="Retoriko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Retoriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%B3rica" title="Retórica – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Retórica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoorika" title="Retoorika – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Retoorika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erretorika" title="Erretorika – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erretorika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA" title="بلاغت – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلاغت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoriikka" title="Retoriikka – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Retoriikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh%C3%A9torique" title="Rhétorique – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhétorique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoriche" title="Retoriche – friulianisht" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Retoriche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%B3rica" title="Retórica – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Retórica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BE" title="વાકછટા – guxharatisht" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાકછટા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxharatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="רטוריקה – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רטוריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="व्याख्यान शास्त्र – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्याख्यान शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka_retorika" title="Grčka retorika – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grčka retorika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – kreolishte e Haitit" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolishte e Haitit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%B3noklattan" title="Szónoklattan – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szónoklattan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հռետորություն – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հռետորություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoriko" title="Retoriko – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Retoriko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6lskufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Mælskufræði – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mælskufræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorica" title="Retorica – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Retorica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="修辞学 – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="修辞学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რიტორიკა – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიტორიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritorika" title="Ritorika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ritorika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Риторика – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Риторика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%88%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F" title="សិល្បៈប្រើវោហារបង្ហូរគំនិត – kmerisht" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សិល្បៈប្រើវោហារបង្ហូរគំនិត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%82%AC%ED%95%99" title="수사학 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수사학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Риторика (лингвистика) – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Риторика (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_rhetorica" title="Ars rhetorica – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars rhetorica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – ladinoisht" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorica" title="Retorica – limburgisht" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Retorica" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Риторикась – mokshaisht" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Риторикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokshaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Реторика – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реторика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Реторик – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Реторик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorica" title="Retorica – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Retorica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorikk" title="Retorikk – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Retorikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorikk" title="Retorikk – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Retorikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorica" title="Retorica – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Retorica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਖਿਆਨ-ਕਲਾ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਖਿਆਨ-ਕਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoryka" title="Retoryka – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Retoryka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA" title="بلاغت – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بلاغت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%B3rica" title="Retórica – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Retórica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoric%C4%83" title="Retorică – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Retorică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Риторика – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Риторика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Реторика – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Реторика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rit%C3%B2rica" title="Ritòrica – siçilianisht" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ritòrica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siçilianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA" title="بلاغت – sindisht" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلاغت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhetoric" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9torika_(re%C4%8Dn%C3%ADcke_umenie)" title="Rétorika (rečnícke umenie) – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rétorika (rečnícke umenie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Реторика – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реторика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – sundanisht" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balagha" title="Balagha – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Balagha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="சொல்லாட்சிக் கலை – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சொல்லாட்சிக் கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D1%81%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3)" title="Балоғат (суханварӣ) – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Балоғат (суханварӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วาทศาสตร์ – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาทศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayusay" title="Sayusay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sayusay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Retorik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Риторика – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Риторика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Риторика – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Риторика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA" title="بلاغت – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلاغت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritorika" title="Ritorika – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ritorika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_t%E1%BB%AB_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Tu từ học – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tu từ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorika" title="Retorika – uarajisht" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Retorika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="uarajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="修辞学 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="修辞学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რიტორიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რიტორიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="修辞学 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="修辞学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu-s%C3%BB-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Siu-sû-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siu-sû-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%AD%E5%AD%B8" title="修辭學 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="修辭學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Emërhapësira"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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"oratorik",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> përmes fjalës <i>rhḗtōr</i>, "folës publik",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lidhur me fjalën tjetër <i>rhêma</i>, "ajo që është thënë ose folur, fjala, thënia",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e cila përfundimisht rrjedh nga folja e <a href="/wiki/Greqishtja_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Greqishtja e lashtë">lashtë greke</a> ἐρῶ <i>erō</i>, "unë them, unë flas" ) <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> është arti i të folurit ose i të shkruarit në një mënyrë bindëse për një auditor, elokuencë, e që së bashku me <a href="/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika">gramatikën</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Logjika" title="Logjika">logjikën</a> (ose <a href="/wiki/Dialektika" title="Dialektika">dialektikën</a>   - shiko <a href="/wiki/Martianus_Capella" title="Martianus Capella">Martianus Capella</a> ), është një nga <a href="/wiki/Triviumi" title="Triviumi">tre artet e lashta të ligjërimit</a>. Retorika synon të studiojë kapacitetet e shkrimtarëve ose folësve, aftësi këto të nevojshme për të informuar, bindur ose motivuar një audiencë të veçantë në situata specifike. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Përmbledhje"><span id="P.C3.ABrmbledhje"></span>Përmbledhje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Përmbledhje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Përmbledhje"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Retorika duke shpërfillur të vërtetat dogmatike a të vërtetat shkencore, i kthehet moralit, më drejtëpërdrejtë letërsisë dhe të gjitha shkencave humane me qëllim të sigurimit të argumenteve të mundshme dhe bindëse për të joshur publikun në atë që lexon apo dëgjon. </p><p>Retorika klasike fillimisht lindi si mendim mbi dhe për gjuhën juridike, pas rënies së tiranit të Sirakusës, Trasibulo (465 p.e.s.). Zhvillimit të retorikës në Greqinë e lashtë i kanë dhënë një ndikim të konsiderueshëm, Georgia dhe sofistët pastaj Sokrati, Platoni dhe sidomos Aristoteli. </p><p>Nga ana tjetër për zhvillimin e retorikës antike romake kontribut të pazëvendsueshëm kanë dhënë <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Fabius_Quintilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Fabius Quintilian">Marcus Fabius Quintilian</a>. </p><p>Në <a href="/wiki/Mesjeta" title="Mesjeta">Mesjetë</a> me problemet e retorikës janë marrë një numër i konsidereshëm i filozofëve dhe mendimtarëve por që duhet veçuar <a href="/wiki/Erazmo_Roterdami" title="Erazmo Roterdami">Erazmo Roterdami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Vives" title="Juan Luis Vives">Juan Luis Vives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthoni,</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Wilson (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Thomas Wilson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrus_Ramus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrus Ramus (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Petrus Ramus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omer_Talon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omer Talon (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Omer Talon</a>, pastaj edhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milton (nuk është shkruar akoma)">John Milton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, e shumë të tjerë. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristoteli" title="Aristoteli">Aristoteli e</a> përkufizon retorikën si "aftësi e vëzhgimit në çdo rast të caktuar të mjeteve të mundshme të bindjes" dhe pasi zotërimi i artit ishte i domosdoshëm për fitoren në një çështje gjyqësore; ose për miratimin e propozimeve në kuvend; ose për famën si folës në ceremonitë qytetare; ai e quan atë "një ndërthurje e shkencës së logjikës dhe e degës etike të politikës". Retorika zakonisht siguron <a href="/wiki/Heuristika" title="Heuristika">heuristikë</a> për të kuptuar, zbuluar dhe zhvilluar argumente për situata të veçanta, të tilla si tre apelimet e audiencës bindëse të Aristotelit: logosi, pathosi dhe etosi. Pesë kanunet e retorikës ose fazat e zhvillimit të një fjalimi bindës u kodifikuan për herë të parë në Romën klasike: shpikja, rregullimi, stili, memoria dhe shpërndarja. </p><p>Nga <a href="/wiki/Greqia_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Greqia e lashtë">Greqia e lashtë</a> e deri në fund të shekullit XIX, retorika luajti një rol kryesor në edukimin dhe arsimimin perëndimor, sidomos në aftësimin dhe trajnimin e oratorëve, avokatëve, këshilltarëve, historianëve, burrave të shtetit si dhe të poetëve. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-PB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shiko_edhe">Shiko edhe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Shiko edhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Shiko edhe"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fjala" title="Fjala">Fjala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalia" title="Fjalia">Fjalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oratoria">Oratoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triviumi" title="Triviumi">Triviumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedagogjia" title="Pedagogjia">Pedagogjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuadriviumi" title="Kuadriviumi">Kuadriviumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendimi_kritik" title="Mendimi kritik">Mendimi kritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2; -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PB-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PB_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PB_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="Baku" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-local-lang-source">Baku, Pasho, red. (2011). "Maruli, Mikel". <i><a href="/wiki/Enciklopedia_universale_e_ilustruar" title="Enciklopedia universale e ilustruar">Enciklopedia universale e ilustruar</a></i>. Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese Bacchus. fq. 613. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:OCLC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/734077163">734077163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maruli%2C+Mikel&rft.btitle=Enciklopedia+universale+e+ilustruar&rft.place=Tiran%C3%AB&rft.pages=613&rft.pub=Sht%C3%ABpia+Botuese+Bacchus&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F734077163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3ARetorika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392374">Perseus.Tufts.edu</a>, Rhetorikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392385">Perseus.Tufts.edu</a>, Rhetor, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392330">Perseus.Tufts.edu</a>, Rhema, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2342831">Perseus.Tufts.edu</a>, Ero, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Corbett, E. P. J. (1990). Classical rhetoric for the modern student. New York: Oxford University Press., p. 1.; Young, R. E., Becker, A. L., & Pike, K. L. (1970). Rhetoric: discovery and change. New York,: Harcourt Brace & World. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., Thomas Conley, Rhetoric in the European Tradition (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, 1991).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retorika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2236888">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Andresen, Volker. <i>Speak Well in Public – 10 Steps to Succeed</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1-4563-1026-7" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1-4563-1026-7">1-4563-1026-7</a>.</li> <li>Connors, Robert, Lisa S. Ede, and Andrea Lunsford, eds. <i>Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse.</i> Festschrift in Honor of Edward P. J. Corbett. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1984.</li> <li>Duffy, Bernard K. and Richard Leeman. eds. <i>American Voices: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Orators</i> (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-313-32790-4" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-313-32790-4">0-313-32790-4</a></li> <li>Garver, Eugene. Aristotle's Rhetoric: On Art of Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-226-28425-5" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-226-28425-5">978-0-226-28425-5</a></li> <li>Gunderson, Erik. <i>The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rhetoric.</i> Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.</li> <li>Howell, Wilbur Samuel. Eighteenth-Century British Logic and Rhetoric. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1971.</li> <li>Jansinski, James. <i>Sourcebook on Rhetoric</i>. Sage Publications, Inc. 2001.</li> <li>Kennedy, George A. <i>Aristotle, On Rhetoric</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.</li> <li>Kennedy, George A. <i>Classical Rhetoric and its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times.</i> Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1980.</li> <li>Kuypers, Jim A. ed. <i>Purpose, Practice, and Pedagogy in Rhetorical Criticism</i> (Lanham, MD: Lexington Press, 2014). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-7391-8018-1" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-7391-8018-1">978-0-7391-8018-1</a></li> <li>Kuypers, Jim A. and Andrew King. <i>Twentieth-Century Roots of Rhetorical Studies</i> (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-275-96420-5" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-275-96420-5">0-275-96420-5</a></li> <li>MacDonald, Michael, ed. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Rhetorical Studies.</i> Oxford Handbooks. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2017.</li> <li>Mateus, Samuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36536896/INTRODUÇÃO_À_RETÓRICA_NO_SÉC._XXI">Introdução à Retórica no Séc. XXI</a>. Covilhã, Livros Labcom, 2018 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-989-654-438-6" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-989-654-438-6">978-989-654-438-6</a></li> <li>Pernot, Laurent. <i>Rhetoric in Antiquity.</i> Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 2005.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="citation gutenberg">Rainolde (or Rainholde), Richard. <i><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26056" class="extiw" title="gutenberg:26056">A booke called the Foundacion of Rhetorike</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span>.</li> <li>Rorty, Amélie Oksenberg (ed.). <i>Essays on Aristotle's Rhetoric</i>. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press, 1996. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-520-20228-3" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-520-20228-3">978-0-520-20228-3</a></li> <li>Sloane, Thomas O. <i>Encyclopedia of Rhetoric.</i> Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001.</li> <li>Steel, Catherine. <i>Roman Oratory.</i> Greece & Rome New Surveys in the Classics 36. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006.</li> <li>Vickers, Brian.<i>In Defence of Rhetoric.</i> Oxford: Clarendon, 1998.</li> <li>Walker, Jeffrey. <i>Rhetoric and Poetics in Antiquity.</i> New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000.</li></ul> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retorika&oldid=2648802">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Retorika&oldid=2648802</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artikuj_q%C3%AB_p%C3%ABrmbajn%C3%AB_tekst_n%C3%AB_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)" title="Kategoria:Artikuj që përmbajnë tekst në Ancient Greek (to 1453)">Artikuj që përmbajnë tekst në Ancient Greek (to 1453)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Pages_using_div_col_with_unknown_parameters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Pages using div col with unknown parameters (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pages using div col with unknown parameters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori e fshehur: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Vetit%C3%AB_CS1:_Burime_n%C3%AB_shqip_(sq)" title="Kategoria:Vetitë CS1: Burime në shqip (sq)">Vetitë CS1: Burime në shqip (sq)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 15 mars 2024, në orën 01:50.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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