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acetate</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: lead acetate"> <meta name="keywords" content="lead acetate"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="lead acetate"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4512</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: lead acetate</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4512</span> Changes in Behavior and Learning Ability of Rats Intoxicated with Lead</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Goma%20Amira">A. Goma Amira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20E.%20Mahrous"> U. E. Mahrous</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the effect of perinatal lead exposure on learning ability of offspring is considered as a sensitive and selective index for providing an early marker for central nervous system damage produced by this toxic metal. A total of 35 Sprague-Dawley adult rats were used to investigate the effect of lead acetate toxicity on behavioral patterns of adult female rats and learning ability of offspring. Rats were allotted into 4 groups, group one received 1g/l lead acetate (n=10), group two received 1.5g/l lead acetate (n=10), group three received 2g/l lead acetate in drinking water (n=10), and control group did not receive lead acetate (n=5) from 8th day of pregnancy till weaning of pups. The obtained results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the feeding time, drinking frequency, licking frequency, scratching frequency, licking litters, nest building, and retrieving frequencies, while standing time increased significantly in rats treated with 1.5g/l lead acetate than other treated groups and control. On the contrary, lying time decreased gradually in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, movement activities were higher in rats treated with 1g/l lead acetate than other treated groups and control. Furthermore, time spent in closed arms was significantly lower in rats given 2g/l lead acetate than other treated groups, while they spent significantly much time spent in open arms than other treated groups which could be attributed to occurrence of adaptation. Furthermore, number of entries in open arms was-dose dependent. However, the ratio between open/closed arms revealed a significant decrease in rats treated with 2g/l lead acetate than the control group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20toxicity" title="lead toxicity">lead toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats"> rats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20ability" title=" learning ability"> learning ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2775/changes-in-behavior-and-learning-ability-of-rats-intoxicated-with-lead" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4511</span> Experimental Lead Toxicity in Lohi Sheep: Risks and Impact on Edible Tissues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younus">Muhammad Younus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajid"> Muhammad Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muti-ur-Rehman%20Khan"> Muti-ur-Rehman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Ahmad%20Anjum"> Aftab Ahmad Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Idrees"> Muhammad Asif Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iahtasham%20Khan"> Iahtasham Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Ullah%20Khan"> Aman Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Umar"> Sajid Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheela%20Akhtar"> Raheela Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to investigate the hazardous effects of lead on health and edible organs of Lohi sheep. The adult Lohi sheep (n=48) were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group was administered lead acetate at dose of 70 mg/kg live body weight daily as 10% solution by oral route for a period of 90 days and the second group served as a negative control. Blood and tissue samples were collected at day 0, 30, 60 and 90 and analyzed for lead concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The kidney showed the highest lead concentration (p < 0.05) followed by liver and then muscle. Lead acetate treated sheep showed structural and behavioral changes during the last month of trial. Liver showed necrosis, hemorrhages and hyperactivation of macrophages. Kidney showed degenerative and necrotic changes in glomeruli and tubules and the characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies in tubular epithelial cells on H and E staining. It was concluded that Lohi sheep is affected by lead intoxication at low dose for longer period and hence exhibits lead accumulation in edible tissues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lohi%20sheep" title="Lohi sheep">Lohi sheep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate" title=" lead acetate"> lead acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20tissue" title=" edible tissue"> edible tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68559/experimental-lead-toxicity-in-lohi-sheep-risks-and-impact-on-edible-tissues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4510</span> Study of the Protective Effects of Summer Savory against Multiple Organ Damage Induced by Lead Acetate in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassant%20M.%20M.%20Ibrahim">Bassant M. M. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doha%20H.%20Abou%20Baker"> Doha H. Abou Baker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abd%20Elghafour"> Ahmed Abd Elghafour </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive exposure to heavy metals contributes to the occurrence of deleterious health problems that affect vital organs like the brain, liver, kidneys, and heart. The use of natural products that have antioxidant capabilities may contribute to the protection of these organs. In the present study, the essential oil of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) was used to evaluate its protective effects against lead acetate induced damaging effect on rats’ vital organs, due to its high contents of carvacrol, y-terpinene, and p-cymene. Forty female Wister Albino rats were classified into five equal groups, the 1st served as normal group, the 2nd served as positive control group was given lead acetate (60 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal (IP), the third to fifth groups were treated with calcium disodium (EDTA) as chelating agent and summer savory essential oil in doses of (50 and 100mg/kg) respectively. All treatments were given IP concomitant with lead acetate for ten successive days. At the end of the experiment duration electrocardiogram (ECG), an open field test for the evaluation of psychological state, rotarod test as for the evaluation of locomotor coordination ability as well as anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in serum and histopathology of vital organs were performed. The investigations in this study show that the protective effect of high dose of summer savory essential oil is more than the low dose and that the essential oil of summer savory is a promising agent that can contribute to the protection of vital organs against the hazardous damaging effects of lead acetate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title="brain">brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart" title=" heart"> heart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidneys" title=" kidneys"> kidneys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate" title=" lead acetate"> lead acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective" title=" protective"> protective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=summer%20savory" title=" summer savory"> summer savory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104643/study-of-the-protective-effects-of-summer-savory-against-multiple-organ-damage-induced-by-lead-acetate-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4509</span> Nagabhasma Preparation and Its Effect on Kidneys: A Histopathological Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Andrade">Lydia Andrade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20M.%20R.%20Bhat"> Kumar M. R. Bhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals, especially lead, is considered to be a multi-organ toxicant. However, such heavy metals, are used in the preparation of traditional medicines. Nagabhasma is one of the traditional medicines. Lead is the metal used in its preparation. Lead is converted into a health beneficial, organometallic compound, when subjected to various traditional methods of purification. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the effect of such processed lead in various stages of traditionally prepared Nagabhasma on the histological structure of kidneys. Using the human equivalent doses of Nagabhasma, various stages of its preparation were fed orally for 30 days and 60 days (short term and long term). The treated and untreated rats were then sacrificed for the collection of kidneys. The kidneys were processed for histopathological study. The results show severe changes in the histological structure of kidneys. The animals treated with lead acetate showed changes in the epithelial cells lining the bowman’s capsule. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules were dilated leading to atrophy of their epithelial cells. The amount of inflammatory infiltrates was more in this group. A few groups also showed pockets of inter-tubular hemorrhage. These changes, however, were minimized as the stages progressed form stages 1 to 4 of Nagabhasma preparation. Therefore, it is necessary to stringently monitor the processing of lead acetate during the preparation of Nagabhasma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidneys" title=" kidneys"> kidneys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate" title=" lead acetate"> lead acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagabhasma" title=" Nagabhasma"> Nagabhasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90919/nagabhasma-preparation-and-its-effect-on-kidneys-a-histopathological-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4508</span> The Potential of Ursolic Acid Acetate as an Agent for Malarial Chemotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mthokozisi%20B.%20C.%20Simelane">Mthokozisi B. C. Simelane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the various efforts by governmental and non-governmental organizations aimed at eradicating the disease, malaria is said to kill a child every 30 seconds. Traditional healers use different concoctions prepared from medicinal plants to treat malaria. In the quest to bio-prospect plant-derived triterpenes for anti-malaria activity, we report here the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of ursolic acid acetate (ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane extract of Mimusops caffra was chemically modified to its acetate derivative). The transdermal administration of ursolic acid acetate (UAA) dose dependently showed complete inhibition of the parasites’ growth at the highest concentration of 400 mg/kg after 15 days of Plasmodium berghei infection. UAA prevented the in vitro aggregation of MDH but did not prevent the expression of PfHsp 70 in E. coli XL1 blue cells. It, however, enhanced PfHsp70 ATPase activity with the specific activity of 65 units (amount of phosphate released 73.83 nmolPi/min.mg). Ursolic acid acetate prevented the formation of hemozoin (60 ± 0.02% at 6 mg/ml). The results suggest that Ursolic acid acetate possesses potential anti-malaria properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimusops%20caffra" title="Mimusops caffra">Mimusops caffra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ursolic%20acid%20acetate" title=" ursolic acid acetate"> ursolic acid acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemozoin" title=" hemozoin"> hemozoin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaria" title=" Malaria"> Malaria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46821/the-potential-of-ursolic-acid-acetate-as-an-agent-for-malarial-chemotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4507</span> Hepatoprotective Action of Emblica officinalis Linn. against Radiation and Lead Induced Changes in Swiss Albino Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Purohit">R. K. Purohit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionizing radiation induces cellular damage through direct ionization of DNA and other cellular targets and indirectly via reactive oxygen species which may include effects from epigenetic changes. So there is a need of hour is to search for an ideal radioprotector which could minimize the deleterious and damaging effects caused by ionizing radiation. Radioprotectors are agents which reduce the radiation effects on cell when applied prior to exposure of radiation. The aim of this study was to access the efficacy of Emblica officinalis in reducing radiation and lead induced changes in mice liver. For the present experiment, healthy male Swiss albino mice (6-8 weeks) were selected and maintained under standard conditions of temperature and light. Fruit extract of Emblica was fed orally at the dose of 0.01 ml/animal/day. The animal were divided into seven groups according to the treatment i.e. lead acetate solution as drinking water (group-II) or exposed to 3.5 or 7.0 Gy gamma radiation (group-III) or combined treatment of radiation and lead acetate (group-IV). The animals of experimental groups were administered Emblica extract seven days prior to radiation or lead acetate treatment (group V, VI and VII) respectively. The animals from all the groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at each post-treatment intervals of 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days. After sacrificing the animals pieces of liver were taken out and some of them were kept at -20°C for different biochemical parameters. The histopathological changes included cytoplasmic degranulation, vacuolation, hyperaemia, pycnotic and crenated nuclei. The changes observed in the control groups were compared with the respective experimental groups. An increase in the value of total proteins, glycogen, acid phosphtase, alkaline phosphatase activity and RNA was observed up to day-14 in the non drug treated group and day 7 in the Emblica treated groups, thereafter value declined up to day-28 without reaching to normal. The value of cholesterol and DNA showed a decreasing trend up to day -14 in non drug treated groups and day-7 in drug treated groups, thereafter value elevated up to day-28. The biochemical parameters were observed in the form of increase or decrease in the values. The changes were found dose dependent. After combined treatment of radiation and lead acetate synergistic effect were observed. The liver of Emblica treated animals exhibited less severe damage as compared to non-drug treated animals at all the corresponding intervals. An early and fast recovery was also noticed in Emblica pretreated animals. Thus, it appears that Emblica is potent enough to check lead and radiation induced heptic lesion in Swiss albino mice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title="radiation">radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead "> lead </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emblica" title=" emblica"> emblica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7341/hepatoprotective-action-of-emblica-officinalis-linn-against-radiation-and-lead-induced-changes-in-swiss-albino-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4506</span> Isolation and Synthesis of 1’-S-1’-Acetoxycavicol Acetate as Potent Antidandruff Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vijaya%20Bhaskar%20Reddy">M. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The air-dried and powdered methanol solvent extraction of the rhizomes of Alpinia galangal is subjected to bio-assay guided fractionation and isolation yielded a known compound namely, 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (1). The isolated known compound has been identified based on the physical, spectral data (IR, ¹H, ¹³C, NMR and mass spectroscopy) and comparison with an authentic sample. Finally isolated 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (1) was confirmed by synthesis. The crude methanol extract and identified known compound (1) were tested for antidandruff property against Malassezia furfur showed with MIC 1000 µg/mL and 7.81 µg/mL, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpinia%20galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">Alpinia galanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%27-S-1%27-Acetoxychavicol%20acetate" title=" 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate"> 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antidandruff%20activity" title=" antidandruff activity"> antidandruff activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malassezia%20furfur" title=" Malassezia furfur"> Malassezia furfur</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138484/isolation-and-synthesis-of-1-s-1-acetoxycavicol-acetate-as-potent-antidandruff-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4505</span> Optical Characterization of Lead Sulphide Thin Films Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekpekpo%20Arthur">Ekpekpo Arthur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin films can either be conductive or dielectric (non-conductive). It is formed through atom/molecules state or formed after decomposing the materials into atomic/molecular scale by physical or chemical processes. In this study, thin films of Lead Sulphide were deposited on glass substrate prepared from lead acetate and thiourea solution using chemical bath deposition (CBD). The glass slides were subjected to the pretreatment by soaking them in a solution of 50% sulphuric acid and 50% nitric acid. Lead sulphide was deposited at different parameters such as deposition time and temperature. The optical properties of the thin films were determined from spectroscopy measurements of absorbance and reflectance. Optical studies show that the band gap of lead sulphide ranges between 0.41 eV to 300K. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20sulphide" title="lead sulphide">lead sulphide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorbance" title=" absorbance"> absorbance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectance" title=" reflectance"> reflectance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37801/optical-characterization-of-lead-sulphide-thin-films-grown-by-chemical-bath-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4504</span> Antibacterial and Antityrosinase Activity of Isolated Compounds from Stem Bark of Ficus platyphylla Del</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20Muhammad">Aminu Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Ya%E2%80%99u"> Mustapha Ya’u</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnah%20Mohd%20Sirat"> Hasnah Mohd Sirat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An investigation of the chemical constituents into the stem bark of Ficus platyphylla (Moraceae) has resulted in the isolation of hordenine, epicatechin, lupeol, lupeol acetate and α-amyrin acetate. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic data as well as comparison with literature data. The antibacterial assay has been tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, while the tyrosinase inhibition assay was examined using L-Dopa as a substrate of mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. hordenine, epicatechin, lupeol, lupeol acetate and α-amyrin acetate showed minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values in the range of 225-900 µg/mL against the bacterial strains. Lupeol, lupeol acetate and α-amyrin acetate showed significant antityrosinase activity against mushroom tyrosinase enzyme with percent inhibition of 67.7%, 66.2% and 62.2%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title="antibacterial">antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antityrosinase" title=" antityrosinase"> antityrosinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20constituents" title=" chemical constituents"> chemical constituents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ficus%20platyphylla" title=" Ficus platyphylla"> Ficus platyphylla</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46753/antibacterial-and-antityrosinase-activity-of-isolated-compounds-from-stem-bark-of-ficus-platyphylla-del" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4503</span> Assessing and Characterizing Cellulose Acetate Films Enhanced with Natural Compounds for Active Packaging Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahim%20Bouftou">Abderrahim Bouftou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaoutar%20Aghmih"> Kaoutar Aghmih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Lakhdar"> Fatima Lakhdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%A2d%20Oukkass"> Saâd Oukkass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaa%20Majid"> Sanaa Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodegradable and renewable-based polymeric packaging like cellulose acetate (CA) is an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, in the way of low cost and also creates a positive outcome on both environmentally. The objective of the present research was to develop bioactive packaging films from cellulose acetate incorporated with a low-cost cypress essential oil (EO). We prepared cellulose acetate films via solvent casting method incorporating 0, 10, 30, and 60 % (w/w) of EO, with the purpose of evaluating the possible changes caused by the cypress essential oil on the properties of the packaging. The films were characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD and other analysis technologies. The mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the films were analyzed. FTIR and XRD analysis indicated that cypress EO was homogenously distributed on the film. Meanwhile, TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of EO had an impact on thermal properties. The impact of EO on mechanical and optical properties was explored. The results displayed that antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increased as cypress essential oil percentage increased in cellulose acetate films. Moreover, free radical scavenger activity by DPPH of cellulose acetate films improved by increasing the cypress essential oil concentration. These results indicate that the films of cellulose acetate containing cypress essential oil have potential for use as active packaging for foods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20acetate" title="cellulose acetate">cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20packaging" title=" active packaging"> active packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174790/assessing-and-characterizing-cellulose-acetate-films-enhanced-with-natural-compounds-for-active-packaging-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4502</span> Glycerol-Free Biodiesel Synthesis from Crude Mahua (Madhuca indica) Oil under Supercritical Methyl Acetate Using CO2 as a Co-Solvent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antaram%20Sarve">Antaram Sarve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Varma"> Mahesh Varma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shriram%20Sonawane"> Shriram Sonawane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional route of producing biodiesel with alcohol produces glycerol as side product which leads to oversupply and devaluation in the world market. Supercritical methyl acetate (SCMA) has been proven to convert triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and triacetin, which is a valuable biodiesel additive as side product rather than glycerol. However, due to the low reactivity of supercritical methyl acetate on triglycerides, high reaction conditions are required to obtained maximum yields. The present study describes the renewable approach for the production of biodiesel from low-cost, high acid value mahua oil under supercritical methyl acetate condition using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a co-solvent. CO2 was employed to decrease high reaction conditions required for supercritical methyl acetate transesterification. The inﬂuence of process parameters such as temperature, oil to methyl acetate molar ratio, reaction time, and the CO2 pressure was evaluated. The properties of biodiesel produced were found to be superior compared to conventional biodiesel method. Furthermore, SCMA has a high tolerance towards free fatty acids (FFAs) which is crucial to allow the utilization of inexpensive waste oils as a biodiesel feedstock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20methyl%20acetate" title="supercritical methyl acetate">supercritical methyl acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20properties" title=" fuel properties"> fuel properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34550/glycerol-free-biodiesel-synthesis-from-crude-mahua-madhuca-indica-oil-under-supercritical-methyl-acetate-using-co2-as-a-co-solvent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4501</span> Sonochemical Zinc Oxide and Layered Hydroxy Zinc Acetate Synthesis in Fenton-Like Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Durata%20Haciu">Durata Haciu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozgur%20Birer"> Ozgur Birer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc acetate solution is sonicated at high power in water and in ethanol in the absence and presence of various peroxides. In the absence of peroxides, the products are zinc oxide and layered hydroxy zinc acetate in water and in ethanol, respectively. Layered basic zinc acetate are prepared for the first time using sonochemical methods. The addition of peroxides alters the reaction mechanisms. In water, insoluble peroxides produce zinc oxides while the water soluble peroxide, i.e.hydrogen peroxide, completely destroyed the structure and casted a doubt on the accepted peroxide initiated mechanism of reactions. In ethanol,peroxide addition caused the reaction mechanism to change and some oxide formation is observed. The reaction mechanism is sensitive to water/ethanol amounts as well as the peroxide to zinc ion mole ratio.Thin zinc oxide wafers (ca. 30 nm) with band gaps of 3.24 eV were obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title="ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxy%20zinc%20acetate" title=" hydroxy zinc acetate"> hydroxy zinc acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fenton" title=" fenton"> fenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxide%20initiation" title=" peroxide initiation "> peroxide initiation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59279/sonochemical-zinc-oxide-and-layered-hydroxy-zinc-acetate-synthesis-in-fenton-like-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4500</span> Characterization of Triterpenoids Antimicrobial Potential in Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Aerial Parts of Deinbollia Pinnata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rufai%20Yakubu%20And%20Suleiman%20Kabiru">Rufai Yakubu And Suleiman Kabiru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Triterpenoids are a diverse class of secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial properties. In this study, the crude extracts from ethyl acetate was obtained with ultrasonic extraction method. Using a combined chromatographic separation method to isolate squalene (1) stigmasterol (2), stigmasta-5,22-diene-3-ol acetate (3), γ-sitosterol (4), lupeol (5), taraxasterol (6), and betulinic acid (7) from ethyl acetate extracts. Ethyl acetate crude extracts and isolated compounds were both screened for antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). For ethyl acetate crude extracts with concentrations of (1.5, 0.75, 0.35, & 0.168 mg/mL) indicated marginal antibacterial activity with a range of 17, 20 and 14 mm zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and lower minimum inhibitory concentrations ranges from 18.75 µg/ml to 150 µg/mL. Butulinic acid showed the highest activity against E. coli and C. albicans at 15 mm and 15 mm followed by Lupeol against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans at 13, 12, 12 mm. Moreso, no antimicrobial activity for both S. aureus and C. albicans with squalene except for E. coli which showed activity at 11 mm with 300 µg/mL (MIC). Thus, abundant triterpenoids in Deinbollia pinnata will be another centered area for antimicrobial drug discovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triterpenoid" title="triterpenoid">triterpenoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20potentials" title=" antimicrobial potentials"> antimicrobial potentials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deinbollia%20pinnata" title=" deinbollia pinnata"> deinbollia pinnata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20parts" title=" aerial parts"> aerial parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180660/characterization-of-triterpenoids-antimicrobial-potential-in-ethyl-acetate-extracts-from-aerial-parts-of-deinbollia-pinnata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4499</span> Biodegradation Behavior of Cellulose Acetate with DS 2.5 in Simulated Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberta%20Ranielle%20M.%20de%20Freitas">Roberta Ranielle M. de Freitas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vagner%20R.%20Botaro"> Vagner R. Botaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between biodegradation and mechanical behavior is fundamental for studies of the application of cellulose acetate films as a possible material for biodegradable packaging. In this work, the biodegradation of cellulose acetate (CA) with DS 2.5 was analyzed in simulated soil. CA films were prepared by casting and buried in the simulated soil. Samples were taken monthly and analyzed, the total time of biodegradation was 6 months. To characterize the biodegradable CA, the DMA technique was employed. The main result showed that the time of exposure to the simulated soil affects the mechanical properties of the films and the values of crystallinity. By DMA analysis, it was possible to conclude that as the CA is biodegraded, its mechanical properties were altered, for example, storage modulus has increased with biodegradation and the modulus of loss has decreased. Analyzes of DSC, XRD, and FTIR were also carried out to characterize the biodegradation of CA, which corroborated with the results of DMA. The observation of the carbonyl band by FTIR and crystalline indices obtained by XRD were important to evaluate the degradation of CA during the exposure time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title="biodegradation">biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20acetate" title=" cellulose acetate"> cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMA" title=" DMA"> DMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20soil" title=" simulated soil"> simulated soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81480/biodegradation-behavior-of-cellulose-acetate-with-ds-25-in-simulated-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4498</span> Tracking of Linarin from the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Seeds Using Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asep%20Sukohar">Asep Sukohar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadhan%20Triyandi"> Ramadhan Triyandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahidin"> Sahidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suharyani"> Suharyani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Resveratrol is a class of bioactive chemicals found in melinjo, which has a wide range of biological actions. The purpose of this study is to determine the linarin content of the melinjo fraksi by using preparative-high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). Method: Extraction used the soxhletation method with 96% ethanol solvent. Fractionation used ethyl acetate and ethanol in a ratio of 1:1. Tracing of linarin compound used prep-HPLC with a mobile phase ratio of distilled water: methanol (55: 45, v/v). The presence of linarin was detected using a wavelength of 215 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to identify the functional groups of compound. Result: The retention time required to elute the ethyl acetate fraction was 2.601 minutes. Compound separation identification using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - Quest Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR - QATR) has a similarity value range with standards from 0 to 1000. The elution results of the ethyl acetate fraction have similar values with the standard compounds linarin (668), resveratrol (578), and catechin (455). Conclusion: Tracing for active compound in the ethyl acetate fraction of Gnetum Gnemon L. using prep-HPLC showed a strong suspicion of the presence of linarin compound. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gnetum%20gnemon%20L." title="Gnetum gnemon L.">Gnetum gnemon L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linarin" title=" linarin"> linarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prep-HPLC" title=" prep-HPLC"> prep-HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraction%20ethyl%20acetate" title=" fraction ethyl acetate"> fraction ethyl acetate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171258/tracking-of-linarin-from-the-ethyl-acetate-fraction-of-melinjo-gnetum-gnemon-l-seeds-using-preparative-high-performance-liquid-chromatography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4497</span> Preparation of CuAlO2 Thin Films on Si or Sapphire Substrate by Sol-Gel Method Using Metal Acetate or Nitrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Ehara">Takashi Ehara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takayoshi%20Nakanishi"> Takayoshi Nakanishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Sasaki"> Kohei Sasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Abe"> Marina Abe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Abe"> Hiroshi Abe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoaki%20Abe"> Kiyoaki Abe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryo%20Iizaka"> Ryo Iizaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takuya%20Sato"> Takuya Sato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CuAlO<sub>2</sub> thin films are prepared on Si or sapphire substrate by sol-gel method using two kinds of sols. One is combination of Cu acetate and Al acetate basic, and the other is Cu nitrate and Al nitrate. In the case of acetate sol, XRD peaks of CuAlO<sub>2</sub> observed at annealing temperature of 800-950 ºC on both Si and sapphire substrates. In contrast, in the case of the films prepared using nitrate on Si substrate, XRD peaks of CuAlO<sub>2</sub> have been observed only at the annealing temperature of 800-850 ºC. At annealing temperature of 850ºC, peaks of other species have been observed beside the CuAlO<sub>2</sub> peaks, then, the CuAlO<sub>2</sub> peaks disappeared at annealing temperature of 900 °C with increasing in intensity of the other peaks. Intensity of the other peaks decreased at annealing temperature of 950 ºC with appearance of broad SiO<sub>2</sub> peak. In the present, we ascribe these peaks as metal silicide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuAlO2" title="CuAlO2">CuAlO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicide" title=" silicide"> silicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20Films" title=" thin Films"> thin Films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent%20conducting%20oxide" title=" transparent conducting oxide"> transparent conducting oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52540/preparation-of-cualo2-thin-films-on-si-or-sapphire-substrate-by-sol-gel-method-using-metal-acetate-or-nitrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4496</span> Hydrogel Based on Cellulose Acetate Used as Scaffold for Cell Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Maria%20G.%20Melero">A. Maria G. Melero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Senna"> A. M. Senna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Domingues"> J. A. Domingues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hausen"> M. A. Hausen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Aparecida%20R.%20Duek"> E. Aparecida R. Duek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Botaro"> V. R. Botaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hydrogel from cellulose acetate cross linked with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (HAC-EDTA) was synthesized by our research group, and submitted to characterization and biological tests. Cytocompatibility analysis was performed by confocal microscopy using human adipocyte derived stem cells (ASCs). The FTIR analysis showed characteristic bands of cellulose acetate and hydroxyl groups and the tensile tests evidence that HAC-EDTA present a Young’s modulus of 643.7 MPa. The confocal analysis revealed that there was cell growth at the surface of HAC-EDTA. After one day of culture the cells presented spherical morphology, which may be caused by stress of the sequestration of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions at the cell medium by HAC-EDTA, as demonstrated by ICP-MS. However, after seven days and 14 days of culture, the cells present fibroblastoid morphology, phenotype expected by this cellular type. The results give efforts to indicate this new material as a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering, in the future in vivo approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20acetate" title="cellulose acetate">cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title=" biomaterial"> biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20growth" title=" cellular growth"> cellular growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81520/hydrogel-based-on-cellulose-acetate-used-as-scaffold-for-cell-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4495</span> CuO Thin Films Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis: Influence of Precursor Solution Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lamri%20Zeggar">M. Lamri Zeggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bourfaa"> F. Bourfaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Adjimi"> A. Adjimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Boutebakh"> F. Boutebakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Aida"> M. S. Aida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Attaf"> N. Attaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CuO thin films were deposited by spray ultrasonic pyrolysis with different precursor solution. Two staring solution slats were used namely: Copper acetate and copper chloride. The influence of these solutions on CuO thin films proprieties of is instigated. The X rays diffraction (XDR) analysis indicated that the films deposed with copper acetate are amorphous however the films elaborated with copper chloride have monoclinic structure. UV- Visible transmission spectra showed a strong absorbance of the deposited CuO thin films in the visible region. Electrical characterization has shown that CuO thin films prepared with copper acetate have a higher electrical conductivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuprous%20oxide" title=" cuprous oxide"> cuprous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precursor%20solution" title=" precursor solution"> precursor solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36338/cuo-thin-films-deposition-by-spray-pyrolysis-influence-of-precursor-solution-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4494</span> Influence of [Emim][OAc] and Water on Gelatinization Process and Interactions with Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shajaratuldur%20Ismail">Shajaratuldur Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurlidia%20Mansor"> Nurlidia Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Man"> Zakaria Man</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoplastic starch (TPS) plasticized by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Emim][OAc] were obtained through gelatinization process. The gelatinization process occurred in the presence of water and [Emim][OAc] as plasticizer at high temperature (90˚C). The influence of [Emim][OAc] and water on the gelatinization and interactions with starch have been studied over a range of compositions. The homogenous mass was obtained for the samples containing 35, 40 and 43.5 % of water contents which showed that water plays important role in gelatinization process. Detailed IR spectroscopy analysis showed decrease in hydrogen bonding intensity and strong interaction between acetate anion in [Emim][OAc] and starch hydroxyl groups in the presence of [Emim][OAc]. Starch-[Emim][OAc]-water mixture at 10-3-8.7 presented homogenous mass, less hydrogen bonding intensity and strong interaction between acetate anion in [Emim][OAc] and starch hydroxyl groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starch" title="starch">starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium%20acetate" title=" 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate"> 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticizer" title=" plasticizer"> plasticizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatinization" title=" gelatinization"> gelatinization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR%20spectroscopy" title=" IR spectroscopy"> IR spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47028/influence-of-emimoac-and-water-on-gelatinization-process-and-interactions-with-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4493</span> Investigation of Astrocyte Physiology on Stiffness-Controlled Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber as a Tissue Scaffold</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Il%20Yu">Sun Il Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Hyun%20Joo"> Jung Hyun Joo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwa%20Sung%20Shin"> Hwa Sung Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Astrocytes are known as dominant cells in CNS and play a role as a supporter of CNS activity and regeneration. Recently, three-dimensional culture of astrocytes were actively applied to understand in vivo astrocyte works. Electrospun nanofibers are attractive for 3D cell culture system because they have a high surface to volume ratio and porous structure, and have already been used for 3D astrocyte cultures. In this research, the stiffness of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber was controlled by heat treatment. As stiffness increased, astrocyte cell viability and adhesion increased. Reactivity of astrocyte was also upregulated in stiffer CA nanofiber in terms of GFAP, an intermediate filament protein. Finally, we demonstrated that stiffness-controllable CA is attractive for astrocyte tissue engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astrocyte" title="astrocyte">astrocyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20acetate" title=" cellulose acetate"> cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20scaffold" title=" tissue scaffold"> tissue scaffold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50873/investigation-of-astrocyte-physiology-on-stiffness-controlled-cellulose-acetate-nanofiber-as-a-tissue-scaffold" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4492</span> Chemical and Bioactive Constituents Isolated from the Formosa Zamia furfureace L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Liang%20Chao">Chien-Liang Chao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Sheng%20Lin"> Yun-Sheng Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Secondary metabolites are applied in the human life of the Chinese herbal medicine. Many drugs are originally extracted from natural products with combination of pharmaceutical and chemical studies. Crude extract of the leaves from Zamia furfureace L. has been shown to exhibit anticancer activities. The first chemical investigation of this plant was carried out by our group. In this study, four known compounds were isolated from Zamia furfureace L. with three lignins (Sesamin (1), Wodeshiol (2) and Paulownin (3)), and one dipeptide (Aurantiamide acetate (4)). The structures of these compounds were analyzed through the 1D-NMR(1H-NMR,13C-NMR)、2D-NMR(COSY、HMQC、HMBC、NOESY) spectroscopic analysis, and by comparison of variety of physical data (IR, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, optical rotation). Among them, Aurantiamide acetate (4) exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against human gastric cancer cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamia%20furfureace%20L." title="Zamia furfureace L.">Zamia furfureace L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AGS" title=" AGS"> AGS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sesamin" title=" sesamin"> sesamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurantiamide%20acetate" title=" Aurantiamide acetate"> Aurantiamide acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15236/chemical-and-bioactive-constituents-isolated-from-the-formosa-zamia-furfureace-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4491</span> Effects of Rice Plant Extracts and Phenolic Allelochemicals on Seedling Growth of Radish</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Shamim%20Hasan%20Mandal">Mohammad Shamim Hasan Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phu%20Minh"> Phu Minh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Tan%20%20Khang"> Do Tan Khang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phung%20Thi%20Tuyen"> Phung Thi Tuyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Dang%20Xuan"> Tran Dang Xuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major crops of Vietnam which has more than thousands of varieties. Many of the local varieties have greater potentiality but they are in danger of extinct. Rice plant contains many secondary metabolites that are allelopathic to other plants. Seven rice varieties were cultivated in the field condition at Hiroshima University, Japan; stems and leaves from each variety were collected later, they were extracted with methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents were high in ethyl acetate extracts. DPPH antioxidant assay results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts had the higher IC50 value. Therefore, the ethyl acetate extracts were selected for laboratory experimentation through petri dish assay. Results showed that the two-local variety Re nuoc and Nan chon completely inhibited the germination of radish seedlings. Further laboratory bioassay and field experimentation will be conducted to validate the laboratory bioassay findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathy" title="allelopathy">allelopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioassay" title=" bioassay"> bioassay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oryza%20sativa" title=" Oryza sativa"> Oryza sativa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphanus%20sativus" title=" Raphanus sativus"> Raphanus sativus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69984/effects-of-rice-plant-extracts-and-phenolic-allelochemicals-on-seedling-growth-of-radish" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4490</span> Graft Copolymerization of Cellulose Acetate with Nitro-N-Amino Phenyl Maleimides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza.%20A.%20Al-Ghamdi">Azza. A. Al-Ghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir.%20A.%20Abdel-Naby"> Abir. A. Abdel-Naby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction of Nitro -N-amino phenyl maleimide branches onto Cellulose acetate (CA) substrate by free radical graft copolymerization using benzoyl peroxide as initiator led to formation of highly thermal stable copolymers as shown from the results of gravimetric analysis (TGA). CA-g-2,4-dinitro amino phenyl maleimide exhibited higher thermal stability than the CA-g-4-nitro amino phenyl maleimide as shown from the initial decomposition temperature (T<sub>o</sub>). This is due to the ability of nitro group to form hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl group of the glucopyranose ring which increases the crystallinity of polymeric matrix. The crystalline shapes representing the graft part are clearly distinct in the Emission scanning electron microscope (ESEM) morphology of the copolymer. A suggested reaction mechanism for the grafting process was also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cellulose%20acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">Cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crystallinity" title=" Crystallinity"> Crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graft%20copolymerization" title=" Graft copolymerization"> Graft copolymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thermal%20properties" title=" Thermal properties"> Thermal properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88277/graft-copolymerization-of-cellulose-acetate-with-nitro-n-amino-phenyl-maleimides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4489</span> Cellulose Acetate/Polyacrylic Acid Filled with Nano-Hydroxapatite Composites: Spectroscopic Studies and Search for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20AbdelRazek">E. M. AbdelRazek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20S.%20ElBahy"> G. S. ElBahy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Allam"> M. A. Allam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Abdelghany"> A. M. Abdelghany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Hezma"> A. M. Hezma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymeric biocomposite of hydroxyapatite/polyacrylic acid were prepared and their thermal and mechanical properties were improved by addition of cellulose acetate. FTIR spectroscopy technique and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of the biocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy shows a uniform distribution of HAp nano-particles through the polymeric matrix of two organic/inorganic composites weight ratios (60/40 and 70/30), at which the material crystallinity reaches a considerable value appropriate for the needed applications were studied and revealed that the HAp nano-particles are uniformly distributed in the polymeric matrix. Kinetic parameters were determined from the weight loss data using non isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the main degradation steps were described and discussed. The mechanical properties of composites were evaluated by measuring tensile strength and elastic modulus. The data indicate that the addition of cellulose acetate can make homogeneous composites scaffold significantly resistant to higher stress. Elastic modulus of the composites was also improved by the addition of cellulose acetate, making them more appropriate for bioapplications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocomposite" title="biocomposite">biocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20synthesis" title=" chemical synthesis"> chemical synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" infrared spectroscopy"> infrared spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4210/cellulose-acetatepolyacrylic-acid-filled-with-nano-hydroxapatite-composites-spectroscopic-studies-and-search-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4488</span> Synergistic Effect of Eugenol Acetate with Betalactam Antibiotic on Betalactamase and Its Bioinformatics Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Nair">Vinod Nair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Sadasivan"> C. Sadasivan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed medications in modern medicine. The antibiotic resistance by the production of enzyme beta-lactamase is an important mechanism seen in microorganisms. Resistance to beta-lactams mediated by beta-lactamases can be overcome successfully with the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors. New generations of the antibiotics contain mostly synthetic compounds, and many side effects have been reported for them. Combinations of beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitors have become one of the most successful antimicrobial strategies in the current scenario of bacterial infections. Plant-based drugs are very cheap and having lesser adverse effect than synthetic compounds. The synergistic effect of eugenol acetate with beta-lactams restores the activity of beta-lactams, allowing their continued clinical use. It is reported here the enhanced inhibitory effect of phytochemical, eugenol acetate, isolated from the plant Syzygium aromaticum with beta-lactams on beta-lactamase. The compound was found to have synergistic effect with the antibiotic amoxicillin against antibiotic-resistant strain of S.aureus. The enzyme was purified from the organism and incubated with the compound. The assay showed that the compound could inhibit the enzymatic activity of beta-lactamase. Modeling and molecular docking studies indicated that the compound can fit into the active site of beta-lactamase and can mask the important residue for hydrolysis of beta-lactams. The synergistic effects of eugenol acetate with beta-lactam antibiotics may justify, the use of these plant compounds for the preparation of β-lactamase inhibitors against β-lactam resistant S.aureus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=betalactamase" title="betalactamase">betalactamase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eugenol%20acetate" title=" eugenol acetate"> eugenol acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20effect" title=" synergistic effect"> synergistic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20modeling" title=" molecular modeling"> molecular modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59242/synergistic-effect-of-eugenol-acetate-with-betalactam-antibiotic-on-betalactamase-and-its-bioinformatics-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4487</span> Sustainable and Efficient Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymer from Cupriavidus necator Using Environment Friendly Solvents </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geeta%20Gahlawat">Geeta Gahlawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar%20Soni"> Sanjeev Kumar Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An imprudent use of environmentally hazardous petrochemical-based plastics and limited availability of fossil fuels have provoked research interests towards production of biodegradable plastics - polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs). However, the industrial application of PHAs based products is primarily restricted by their high cost of recovery and extraction protocols. Moreover, solvents used for the extraction and purification are toxic and volatile which causes adverse environmental hazards. Development of efficient downstream recovery strategies along with utilization of non-toxic solvents will accelerate their commercialization. In this study, various extraction strategies were designed for sustainable and cost-effective recovery of PHAs from Cupriavidus necator using non-toxic environment friendly solvents viz. 1,2-propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, butyl acetate. The effect of incubation time i.e. 10, 30 and 50 min and temperature i.e. 60, 80, 100, 120°C was tested to identify the most suitable solvent. PHAs extraction using a recyclable solvent, 1,2 propylene carbonate, showed the highest recovery yield (90%) and purity (93%) at 120°C and 30 min incubation. Ethyl acetate showed the better capacity to recover PHAs from cells than butyl acetate. Extraction with ethyl acetate exhibited high recovery yield and purity of 96% and 92%, respectively at 100°C. Effect of non-toxic surfactant such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) was also studied at 40, 60 and 80°C, and detergent pH range of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 for the extraction of PHAs from the cells. LAS gave highest yield of 86% and purity of 88% at temperature 80°C and 5.0 pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhydroxyalkanoates" title="polyhydroxyalkanoates">polyhydroxyalkanoates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cupriavidus%20necator" title=" Cupriavidus necator"> Cupriavidus necator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20yield" title=" recovery yield"> recovery yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80301/sustainable-and-efficient-recovery-of-polyhydroxyalkanoate-polymer-from-cupriavidus-necator-using-environment-friendly-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4486</span> Cytotoxic Terpenes from the Stems of Bark of Echinacea Angustifolia DC Collected from Girei, Adamawa State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Zakari">Abdu Zakari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Jibrin"> Said Jibrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatope%20Majekodunmi%20Oladeji"> Fatope Majekodunmi Oladeji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hassan%20Shagga"> Mohammed Hassan Shagga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Sule"> Andrew Sule</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the Stems of Bark of Echinaceae angustifolia DC three known triterpenes 3a,5,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-9-yl acetate (lupeol acetate), 4,4,6a,6b,8a,10,11,14b,octamethyl1,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a, 9,10, 11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicen-3-yl acetate (derivative of β-amyrin and 9- hydroxy-1-isopropenyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-icosahydro-cyclopenta[a]chrysene- 3a-carboxylic acid (betulinic acid), labelled as Ea-7-38, Ea-9-10 and Ea-12-85) were isolated and characterized. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxicities against Artemia salina (brine shrimp larvae). Compound Ea-12-85 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the Artemia salina, Ea-7-38, Ea-9-10 were found to be non-toxic in the cytotoxicity test. The result of the study has justified the claim of the traditional medicine practitioners in Girei for the treatment of complicated malaria disease using the stem bark of E. angustifolia DC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic" title="cytotoxic">cytotoxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terpenes" title=" terpenes"> terpenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Echinaceae%20angustifolia" title=" Echinaceae angustifolia"> Echinaceae angustifolia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brine%20shrimp" title=" brine shrimp"> brine shrimp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artemia%20salina" title=" artemia salina"> artemia salina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179010/cytotoxic-terpenes-from-the-stems-of-bark-of-echinacea-angustifolia-dc-collected-from-girei-adamawa-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4485</span> Testing of the Decreasing Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesive by Low Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Bo%C5%A1ka">Pavel Boška</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Bomba"> Jan Bomba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Ber%C3%A1nek"> Tomáš Beránek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Proch%C3%A1zka"> Jiří Procházka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When using wood products bonded by polyvinyl acetate, glues such as windows are the most limiting element of degradation of the glued joint due to weather changes. In addition to moisture and high temperatures, the joint may damage the low temperature below freezing point, where dimensional changes in the material and distortion of the adhesive film occur. During the experiments, the joints were exposed to several degrees of sub-zero temperatures from 0 °C to -40 °C and then to compare how the decreasing temperature affects the strength of the joint. The experiment was performed on wood beech samples (Fagus sylvatica), bonded with PVAc with D3 resistance and the shear strength of bond was measured. The glued and treated samples were tested on a laboratory testing machine, recording the strength of the joint. The statistical results have given us information that the strength of the joint gradually decreases with decreasing temperature, but a noticeable and statistically significant change is achieved only at very low temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesives" title="adhesives">adhesives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperatures" title=" low temperatures"> low temperatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20acetate" title=" polyvinyl acetate"> polyvinyl acetate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73545/testing-of-the-decreasing-bond-strength-of-polyvinyl-acetate-adhesive-by-low-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4484</span> Identification of Active Phytocomponents in the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla Retz. DC by Using GC-MS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sivakumar">M. Sivakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chamundeeswari"> D. Chamundeeswari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em> is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family <em>Rutaceae</em>, commonly known as “Anam or Panal” in Tamil. Traditionally, leaves are useful in fever, hepatopathy, eczema, skin disease, helminthiasis, wounds, and erysipelas. The fruits are sweet and are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, kapha, cough, and bronchitis. The roots are good for facial inflammations, rheumatism, jaundice, and anemia. The preliminary phytochemical investigations indicated the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, sugar, glycoside, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, the root part of <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em> was used, and the root was collected from Western Ghats of South India. The root was sun/shade dried and pulverized to powder in a mechanical grinder. The powder was successively extracted with various solvents, and the ethyl acetate extract of <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em> has been subjected to the GC-MS analysis. Amongst the 46 chemical constituents identified from this plant, three major phytoconstituents were reported for the first time. Marmesin, a furanocumarin compound with the chemical structure 7H-Furo (3,2-G) (1)Benzopyran-7-one,2,3–dihydro–2 - (1-Hydroxy-1methylethyl)-(s) is one of the three compounds identified for the first time at the concentration of 11-60% in ethyl acetate extract of <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em>. Others include, Beta.-Fagarine (4.71%) and Paverine (13.08%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethyl%20acetate%20extract" title="ethyl acetate extract">ethyl acetate extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glycosmis%20pentaphylla" title=" Glycosmis pentaphylla"> Glycosmis pentaphylla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS%20analysis" title=" GC-MS analysis"> GC-MS analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phytochemicals" title=" Phytochemicals"> Phytochemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51408/identification-of-active-phytocomponents-in-the-ethyl-acetate-extract-of-glycosmis-pentaphylla-retz-dc-by-using-gc-ms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4483</span> The Feasibility of Anaerobic Digestion at 45⁰C</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuruol%20S.%20Mohd">Nuruol S. Mohd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20Ahmed"> Safia Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rumana%20Riffat"> Rumana Riffat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoqiang%20Li"> Baoqiang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anaerobic digestion at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures have been widely studied and evaluated by numerous researchers. Limited extensive research has been conducted on anaerobic digestion in the intermediate zone of 45°C, mainly due to the notion that limited microbial activity occurs within this zone. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance and the capability of anaerobic digestion at 45°C in producing class A biosolids, in comparison to a mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion system operated at 35°C and 55°C, respectively. In addition to that, the investigation on the possible inhibition factors affecting the performance of the digestion system at this temperature will be conducted as well. The 45°C anaerobic digestion systems were not able to achieve comparable methane yield and high-quality effluent compared to the mesophilic system, even though the systems produced biogas with about 62-67% methane. The 45°C digesters suffered from high acetate accumulation, but sufficient buffering capacity was observed as the pH, alkalinity and volatile fatty acids (VFA)-to-alkalinity ratio were within recommended values. The accumulation of acetate observed in 45°C systems were presumably due to the high temperature which contributed to high hydrolysis rate. Consequently, it produced a large amount of toxic salts that combined with the substrate making them not readily available to be consumed by methanogens. Acetate accumulation, even though contributed to 52 to 71% reduction in acetate degradation process, could not be considered as completely inhibitory. Additionally, at 45°C, no ammonia inhibition was observed and the digesters were able to achieve volatile solids (VS) reduction of 47.94±4.17%. The pathogen counts were less than 1,000 MPN/g total solids, thus, producing Class A biosolids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=45%C2%B0C%20anaerobic%20digestion" title="45°C anaerobic digestion">45°C anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetate%20accumulation" title=" acetate accumulation"> acetate accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class%20A%20biosolids" title=" class A biosolids"> class A biosolids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20toxicity" title=" salt toxicity"> salt toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33545/the-feasibility-of-anaerobic-digestion-at-45c" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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