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searchaux" style="display:none">Vector graphics display system by IBM for the System/360</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">IBM 2250</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg/120px-IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg/180px-IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg/240px-IBM_Logo_1956_1972.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg/220px-HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg/330px-HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg/440px-HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1098" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">IBM 2250 Model IV display station, including light pen and programmed function keyboard.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data">IBM 2250 Graphics Display Unit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> display system</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">1964<span class="noprint">; 60 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1964</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-sixohsix_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sixohsix-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introductory price</th><td class="infobox-data">around <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$280,000</span> (equivalent to $2,196,812 in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-cdreview_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdreview-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Input</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">light pen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a>, function keypad</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>IBM 2250 Graphics Display Unit</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> display system by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> for the <a href="/wiki/System/360" class="mw-redirect" title="System/360">System/360</a>; the Model IV attached to the <a href="/wiki/IBM_1130" title="IBM 1130">IBM 1130</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>IBM 2250 Graphics Display Unit</b> was announced with System/360 in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-sixohsix_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sixohsix-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A complete 2250 III system with controller cost around $280,000 in 1970, though up to 4 displays could share a single controller, reducing the cost per display by up to 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-cdreview_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdreview-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>display list</b> of line segments (<a href="/wiki/Vector_(geometric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (geometric)">vectors</a>) on a 1024 by 1024 grid was stored in <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>'s memory or an optional buffer on the 2250 and repainted on the 2250's <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a> up to 40 times per second. The computer altered the display by changing the display list. </p><p>Characters were built of line segments specified by display list <a href="/wiki/Subroutines" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutines">subroutines</a>. Thus any character set or <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">font</a> could be displayed, although fonts were generally extremely simplified for performance reasons. An optional <b>character-generator</b> feature on all models provided predefined fonts of 63 characters to simplify display of alphanumeric information. </p><p>The 2250 was housed in a desk with an alphanumeric (<a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a>) keyboard and a separate <b>programmed function keyboard</b> which had keys, indicator lights and switches. A plastic overlay label could be placed over the function keyboard. Punches on the top edge of the overlay could be sensed by the computer so the keys, lights and switches could be reprogrammed simply by changing overlays. The 2250s CRT measured 21" diagonal, but the useful display area was 12 inch by 12 inch. A <a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">light pen</a> was provided as a <a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device</a>, serving the function of the modern <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">computer mouse</a>. </p><p>An <b>IBM 2285 Display Copier</b> could be attached to the 2250 to provide 8½ by 11 inch hard copy of the display contents under operator control. </p><p>An <b>IBM 2280 Film Recorder</b> or <b>IBM 2282 Film Recorder/Scanner</b> could be attached to a 2840 control unit providing for output or input/output to photographic negative. </p><p>There were four models of 2250: </p> <ul><li>Model 1 – attached directly to a System/360 via a selector or multiplexor channel.</li> <li>Model 2 – attached via a 2840-1 control unit. A 2840 could attach up to four 2250s and provided buffering and a <a href="/wiki/Character_generator" title="Character generator">character generator</a>.</li> <li>Model 3 – attached via a 2840-2 control unit.</li> <li>Model 4 – attached to an <a href="/wiki/IBM_1130" title="IBM 1130">IBM 1130</a> minicomputer via the storage access channel (SAC). The 1130 could run either as a standalone processor or as a front-end processor connected to a remote System/360.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitors">Competitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Competitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Plug_compatible_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug compatible manufacturer">plug compatible manufacturers</a> sold competitors to the 2250, including <a href="/wiki/Adage,_Inc." title="Adage, Inc.">Adage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evans_%26_Sutherland" title="Evans & Sutherland">Evans & Sutherland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_Displays_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information Displays Inc. (page does not exist)">Information Displays Inc.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lundy_(computer_company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lundy (computer company) (page does not exist)">Lundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanders_Associates" title="Sanders Associates">Sanders</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectragraphics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectragraphics (page does not exist)">Spectragraphics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vector_General" title="Vector General">Vector General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-peddie_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peddie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Successors">Successors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Successors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977 IBM introduced the 3250 Display System (manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Sanders_Associates" title="Sanders Associates">Sanders Associates</a>) as an upgrade to the 2250.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_740" title="IBM 740">IBM 740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektronix_4014" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektronix 4014">Tektronix 4014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3179G" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 3179G">IBM 3179G</a></li> <li>Digital Equipment Corporation <a href="/wiki/DEC_GT40" title="DEC GT40">DEC GT40</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sixohsix-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sixohsix_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sixohsix_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPughJohnson,_Lyle_R.Palmer,_John_H." class="citation book cs1">Pugh, Emerson W.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh"><i>IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA.: The MIT Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh/page/601">601</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-16123-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-16123-0"><bdi>0-262-16123-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IBM%27s+360+and+Early+370+Systems&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA.&rft.pages=601&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.isbn=0-262-16123-0&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=Emerson+W.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Lyle+R.&rft.au=Palmer%2C+John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fibms360early370s0000pugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+2250" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cdreview-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cdreview_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdreview_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/topic/graphics/ComputerDisplayReview_Mar70.pdf">Computer Display Review</a>, March 1970, Keydata Corp., pp. V.1980 and V.1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peddie-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peddie_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeddie2013" class="citation book cs1">Peddie, Jon (2013-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6a8_AAAAQBAJ&lp=314"><i>The History of Visual Magic in Computers: How Beautiful Images are Made in CAD, 3D, VR and AR</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-4932-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-4932-3"><bdi>978-1-4471-4932-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Visual+Magic+in+Computers%3A+How+Beautiful+Images+are+Made+in+CAD%2C+3D%2C+VR+and+AR&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.isbn=978-1-4471-4932-3&rft.aulast=Peddie&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6a8_AAAAQBAJ%26lp%3D314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+2250" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1977" class="citation cs2">Frank, Ronald A. (November 28, 1977), "IBM Offers Graphics Unit Manufactured by Sanders", <i>Computerworld</i>, <b>XI</b> (48): 1, 6</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=IBM+Offers+Graphics+Unit+Manufactured+by+Sanders&rft.volume=XI&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=1%2C+6&rft.date=1977-11-28&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Ronald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+2250" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/2250/GA27-2701-3_2250mod1Descr.pdf">IBM System/360 Component Description IBM 2250 Display Unit Model 1</a> GA27-2701-3.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/2250/A27-2702-0_2250mod2Descr.pdf">IBM System/360 Component Description IBM 2250 Display Unit Model 2 IBM 2840 Display Control Model 1</a> GA27-2702-0.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/2250/A27_2721-0_2250mod3Descr.pdf">IBM System/360 Component Description IBM 2250 Display Unit Model 3 IBM 2840 Display Control Model 2</a> GA27-2721-0.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/2250/A27-2723-0_2250mod4Descr.pdf">IBM 1130 Computing System Component Description IBM 2250 Display Unit Model 4</a> A27-2723-0.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/2250/C27-6934-0_2250gfxSubr.pdf">IBM 1130/2250 Graphic Subroutine Package For Basic FORTRAN IV</a> C27-6934-0.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/2250programminginformation/">IBM 2250 Programming Information</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&oldid=1255244838">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IBM_2250&oldid=1255244838</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IBM_display_devices" title="Category:IBM display devices">IBM display devices</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IBM_computer_terminals" title="Category:IBM computer terminals">IBM computer terminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Graphical_terminals" title="Category:Graphical terminals">Graphical terminals</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 22:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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