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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Duce" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epoca_romana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epoca_romana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Epoca romana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epoca_romana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medioevo_e_rinascimento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medioevo_e_rinascimento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Medioevo e rinascimento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medioevo_e_rinascimento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risorgimento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risorgimento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Risorgimento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risorgimento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_due_guerre_mondiali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_due_guerre_mondiali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Le due guerre mondiali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_due_guerre_mondiali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periodo_fascista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodo_fascista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Periodo fascista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodo_fascista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equivalenti_stranieri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equivalenti_stranieri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Equivalenti stranieri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equivalenti_stranieri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nella_teologia_cattolica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nella_teologia_cattolica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nella teologia cattolica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nella_teologia_cattolica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nella_letteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nella_letteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nella letteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nella_letteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duce</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 34 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="دوتشي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوتشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Дуче - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Дуче" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C3%A7e" title="Duçe - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Duçe" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Дуче - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дуче" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B5" title="Ντούτσε - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντούτσε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A6%27%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99)" title="דוצ'ה (תואר פשיסטי) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוצ'ה (תואר פשיסטי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87" title="दूचे - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दूचे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9%D5%A5" title="Դուչե - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դուչե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7" title="ドゥーチェ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドゥーチェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%90%EC%B2%B4" title="두체 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="두체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duxe" title="Duxe - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Duxe" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dus" title="Dus - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C4%8D%C4%97" title="Dučė - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dučė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Дуче - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дуче" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Дуче - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дуче" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Дуче - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дуче" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94" title="დუჩე - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დუჩე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duce" title="Duce - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Duce" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q714189#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duce" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Duce" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duce"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duce"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Duce" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Duce" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&oldid=144248891" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Duce&id=144248891&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDuce"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDuce"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Duce"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Duce&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q714189" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Duce_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Duce (disambigua)">Duce (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento fascismo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fascismo" title="Progetto:Fascismo">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Duce</b> è una parola derivante dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <i>dux</i> che tradotto in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">lingua italiana</a> significa "condottiero"<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o "guida".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epoca_romana">Epoca romana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Epoca romana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Epoca romana"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Duce_(storia_romana)" title="Duce (storia romana)">Duce (storia romana)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Storia_romana" title="Storia romana">epoca romana</a>, il titolo <i>dux</i> era inizialmente conferito ai comandanti militari che avessero compiuto gesta gloriose.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celebre il passo delle <i>Res Gestae</i> di Augusto in cui il primo imperatore romano scrisse che: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143905815">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div lang="la">(latino)<br />«Iuravit in mea verba tota Italia sponte sua et me be[lli] quo vici ad Actium ducem depoposcit.» </div> <div>(italiano)<br />«Tutta l'<a href="/wiki/Italia_romana" title="Italia romana">Italia</a> mi giurò spontaneamente fedeltà e chiese me come duce della <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile_tra_Ottaviano_e_Marco_Antonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra civile tra Ottaviano e Marco Antonio">guerra</a> in cui poi vinsi presso <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Azio" title="Battaglia di Azio">Azio</a>.» </div></div></div> <p>Il titolo ebbe valenze istituzionali quando l'<a href="/wiki/Impero_romano" title="Impero romano">Impero</a> assunse la forma di <a href="/wiki/Dominato" title="Dominato">Dominato</a>, a partire dal regno di <a href="/wiki/Diocleziano" title="Diocleziano">Diocleziano</a> (<a href="/wiki/III_secolo" title="III secolo">III secolo</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_bizantino" title="Impero bizantino">Impero d'Oriente</a>, il termine fu <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_bizantina" title="Lingua greca bizantina">ellenizzato</a> in δουξ (<i>doúx</i>), dal cui <a href="/wiki/Accusativo" title="Accusativo">accusativo</a> δούκα (<i>doûka</i>) deriva il bizantinismo "<a href="/wiki/Duca" title="Duca">duca</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medioevo_e_rinascimento">Medioevo e rinascimento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Medioevo e rinascimento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Medioevo e rinascimento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nella <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_di_Venezia" title="Repubblica di Venezia">Repubblica di Venezia</a> e nella <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_di_Genova" title="Repubblica di Genova">Repubblica di Genova</a> invece <i>dux</i> prese la forma di <a href="/wiki/Doge" title="Doge">doge</a>, titolo in uso fino alla caduta delle stesse nel <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>, dopo la <a href="/wiki/Campagna_d%27Italia_(1796-1797)" title="Campagna d'Italia (1796-1797)">campagna d'Italia</a> condotta da <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte">Napoleone Bonaparte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Risorgimento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Risorgimento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viene poi rispolverato nel <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a> dalla <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> <a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" title="Risorgimento">risorgimentale</a>, ad esempio in riferimento a <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_due_guerre_mondiali">Le due guerre mondiali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Le due guerre mondiali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Le due guerre mondiali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fu chiamato così anche <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_III_di_Savoia" title="Vittorio Emanuele III di Savoia">Vittorio Emanuele III</a> durante la <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nel periodo della <a href="/wiki/Reggenza_italiana_del_Carnaro" title="Reggenza italiana del Carnaro">Reggenza italiana del Carnaro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periodo_fascista">Periodo fascista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Periodo fascista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Periodo fascista"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg/250px-Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg/330px-Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg/500px-Benito_Mussolini_colored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, duce per <a href="/wiki/Antonomasia" title="Antonomasia">antonomasia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In seguito il titolo di duce passò a indicare <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, divenendo poi d'uso comune nel linguaggio quotidiano e propagandistico e ottenendo un particolare successo. Nella storiografia italiana, Mussolini è legato all'appellativo di <i>Duce</i> (per <a href="/wiki/Antonomasia" title="Antonomasia">antonomasia</a>), al tempo del fascismo riservato unicamente al culto della sua personalità. Oggi è ricordato con questo appellativo divenuto parte integrante del suo nome.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italia, all'epoca del regime <a href="/wiki/Fascismo" title="Fascismo">fascista</a>, il ruolo del duce ebbe una sanzione giuridica nello statuto del <a href="/wiki/Partito_Nazionale_Fascista" title="Partito Nazionale Fascista">Partito Nazionale Fascista</a> (PNF)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Secondo lo statuto, il duce presiedeva il <a href="/wiki/Gran_consiglio_del_fascismo" title="Gran consiglio del fascismo">Gran consiglio del fascismo</a>, proponeva al re la nomina e la revoca del segretario del <a href="/wiki/PNF" class="mw-redirect" title="PNF">PNF</a> e, su proposta di questi, nominava e revocava i più alti gerarchi del partito (componenti del Direttorio nazionale, ispettori del <a href="/wiki/PNF" class="mw-redirect" title="PNF">PNF</a> e <a href="/wiki/Segretario_federale" title="Segretario federale">segretari federali</a>) nonché i dirigenti nazionali delle organizzazioni dipendenti dal partito. </p><p>Mussolini, all'appellativo di <i>Duce</i>, dal 1922 univa quello "costituzionale" di <a href="/wiki/Presidente_del_Consiglio_dei_ministri" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri">presidente del Consiglio dei ministri</a> (titolo poi mutato, a partire dal 1926, in <i><a href="/wiki/Capo_del_governo_primo_ministro_segretario_di_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Capo del governo primo ministro segretario di Stato">capo del governo primo ministro segretario di Stato</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attraverso una delle <a href="/wiki/Leggi_fascistissime" title="Leggi fascistissime">leggi fascistissime</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p> Nella <a href="/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Sociale_Italiana" title="Costituzione della Repubblica Sociale Italiana">costituzione della Repubblica Sociale Italiana</a>, mai attuata, il «Duce della Repubblica» è l'equivalente di un presidente in un <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_presidenziale" title="Repubblica presidenziale">sistema presidenziale</a>, anche se eletto tramite i "grandi elettori" della <a href="/wiki/Democrazia_organica" title="Democrazia organica">democrazia organica</a> e non a <a href="/wiki/Suffragio_universale" title="Suffragio universale">suffragio universale</a> diretto.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/4/45/Dux.jpg/220px-Dux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/4/45/Dux.jpg/330px-Dux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/4/45/Dux.jpg/440px-Dux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>In una grande adunata <a href="/wiki/Fascista" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascista">fascista</a> all'<a href="/wiki/Arena_di_Verona" title="Arena di Verona">Arena di Verona</a> una coreografia dagli spalti mostra la parola <i>DUX</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Equivalenti_stranieri">Equivalenti stranieri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Equivalenti stranieri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Equivalenti stranieri"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine ha avuto equivalenti in altri paesi. In particolare <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> si fece chiamare <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Germania_nazista" title="Germania nazista">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> era il <i><a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">Caudillo</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Spagna_franchista" title="Spagna franchista">Spagna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Vidkun Quisling</a> fu il <i>Fører</i> di <a href="/wiki/Governo_di_Quisling" class="mw-redirect" title="Governo di Quisling">Norvegia</a>, mentre in Romania <i><a href="/wiki/Conduc%C4%83tor" title="Conducător">Conducător</a></i> identificò sia il filofascista <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a> che il comunista <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Stato_Indipendente_di_Croazia" title="Stato Indipendente di Croazia">Croazia</a> il termine analogo era <i>Poglavnik</i>, termine con cui faceva chiamare <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nella_teologia_cattolica">Nella teologia cattolica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Nella teologia cattolica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Nella teologia cattolica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Velazquez-Oriola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Velazquez-Oriola.jpg/250px-Velazquez-Oriola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Velazquez-Oriola.jpg/330px-Velazquez-Oriola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Velazquez-Oriola.jpg/500px-Velazquez-Oriola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="935" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>L'Aquinate sorretto dagli angeli nella <i>Tentazione di San Tommaso,</i> olio su tela di <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a> (1632)</figcaption></figure><p>La parola compare all'inizio dell'enciclica <i><a href="/wiki/Studiorum_Ducem" title="Studiorum Ducem">Studiorum Ducem</a></i> del 1923 composta da <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pio_XI" title="Papa Pio XI">papa Pio XI</a> in onore di <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_d%27Aquino" title="Tommaso d'Aquino">Tommaso d'Aquino</a>, santo e <a href="/wiki/Dottore_della_Chiesa" title="Dottore della Chiesa">Dottore della Chiesa</a>. </p><p>Sinonimi dei verbi "condurre, guidare" si ritrovano nella preghiera dell'<i><a href="/wiki/Angelo_di_Dio" title="Angelo di Dio">Angelo di Dio</a></i> ("reggere","governare", intesi anche come "custodire"), sebbene al suo interno non sia presente il verbo latino <i>"ducere"</i>. Nell'iconografia cristiana di san Tommaso, è frequente vedere il <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Angelicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Angelicus">Doctor Angelicus</a></i> raffigurato mentre è sostenuto dalla gerarchia degli angeli, alla cui trattazione dedicò interi capitoli della <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologiae" title="Summa Theologiae">Summa Theologiae</a></i>, la sua opera fondamentale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nella_letteratura">Nella letteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Nella letteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Nella letteratura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> nella <a href="/wiki/Divina_Commedia" title="Divina Commedia">Divina Commedia</a> usò il termine duca (con il significato di <i>guida</i>, quindi analogamente a duce) riferendosi a <a href="/wiki/Publio_Virgilio_Marone" title="Publio Virgilio Marone">Publio Virgilio Marone</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143905815" /><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola">«tu duca, tu segnore e tu maestro» </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Divina_Commedia/Inferno/Canto_II" class="extiw" title="s:Divina Commedia/Inferno/Canto II">Dante, <i>Divina Commedia</i>, <i>Inferno</i>, Canto II</a>, v. 140)</p></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Annotazioni</dt></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Era d'uso, nella retorica delle comunicazioni propagandistiche, definire il <a href="/wiki/Re" title="Re">re</a> <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittorio Emanuele III">Vittorio Emanuele III</a> <i>duce supremo</i>, in quanto comandante supremo delle <a href="/wiki/Forze_armate" class="mw-redirect" title="Forze armate">forze armate</a>. Tale definizione riferita a Vittorio Emanuele III la si ritrova infatti anche nel <a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria" title="Bollettino della Vittoria">Bollettino della Vittoria</a> che sancì la fine delle <a href="/wiki/Fronte_italiano_(1915-1918)" title="Fronte italiano (1915-1918)">ostilità con l'Impero austro-ungarico</a> il 4 novembre <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143905815" /><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola">«La guerra contro l'Austria-Ungheria che, sotto l'alta guida di S.M. il Re, duce supremo, l'Esercito Italiano, inferiore per numero e per mezzi, iniziò il 24 maggio 1915 (...)» </div></div></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Fonti</dt></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFVocabolario_Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTreccani.it">Treccani.it</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Granzotto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/garibaldi-mussolini-e-vittorio-emanuele-ecco-i-duce-italiani.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Garibaldi, Mussolini e Vittorio Emanuele: ecco i «duce» italiani</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Il_Giornale" title="Il Giornale">Il Giornale</a></span>, 31 agosto 2010. <small>URL consultato il 1º maggio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Diego Gabutti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italiaoggi.it/archivio/al-posto-di-garibaldi-chissa-perche-ricordiamo-mussolini-1702943"><span style="font-style:italic;">Al posto di Garibaldi, chissà perché ricordiamo Mussolini</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/ItaliaOggi" class="mw-redirect" title="ItaliaOggi">ItaliaOggi</a></span>, 1º marzo 2011. <small>URL consultato il 2 marzo 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/tempo-libero/i-duci-rivali-mussolini-e-d-annunzio-a-confronto-1.3378268"><span style="font-style:italic;">I «duci rivali»: Mussolini e D’Annunzio a confronto</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Giornale_di_Brescia" title="Giornale di Brescia">Giornale di Brescia</a></span>, 30 giugno 2019 <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701135601/https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/tempo-libero/i-duci-rivali-mussolini-e-d-annunzio-a-confronto-1.3378268">archiviato</a> il 1º luglio 2019)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordreference.com/definizione/duce"><span style="font-style:italic;">Duce</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/WordReference.com" title="WordReference.com">WordReference.com</a></span>. <small>URL consultato il 1º maggio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Statuto_del_Partito_Nazionale_Fascista" class="extiw" title="s:Statuto del Partito Nazionale Fascista">Statuto del Partito Nazionale Fascista</a>, articolo 2<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143905815" /><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola">«Il Duce è il Capo del P.N.F. Impartisce gli ordini per l’azione da svolgere e, quando lo ritiene necessario, convoca a Gran Rapporto le Gerarchie del P.N.F.» </div></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFlegge_2263/1925" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Legge_ordinaria" title="Legge ordinaria">Legge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1925-12-24;2263!vig=">24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263</a>, in materia di "<i>Attribuzioni e prerogative del Capo del Governo, Primo Ministro Segretario di Stato</i>"</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istoreco.re.it/le-leggi-fascistissime/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Le leggi “Fascistissime”</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">istoreco.re.it</span>, Istituto per la storia della Resistenza e della società contemporanea, 12 settembre 2017. <small>URL consultato il 27 aprile 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">Caudillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">Condottiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conduc%C4%83tor" title="Conducător">Conducător</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dittatore" title="Dittatore">Dittatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duce_(storia_romana)" title="Duce (storia romana)">Duce (storia romana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poglavnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Poglavnik">Poglavnik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/duce" class="extiw" title="wikt:duce">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/duce" class="extiw" title="wikt:duce">duce</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duce&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/duce"><span style="font-style:italic;">duce</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714189#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Plinio Fraccaro e Giuseppe Ermini -, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/duce_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">DUCE</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1932.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714189#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/duce_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">duce</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714189#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVocabolario_Treccani" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/duce"><span style="font-style:italic;">duce</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span 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.subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Benito_Mussolini"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff; color: black"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benito_Mussolini" title="Template:Benito Mussolini"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Benito_Mussolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Benito Mussolini (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Benito_Mussolini&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Attentati_a_Benito_Mussolini" title="Attentati a Benito Mussolini">Attentati</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini_nella_cultura_di_massa" title="Benito Mussolini nella cultura di massa">Cultura di massa</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Politica</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duce</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_del_fascismo_italiano" title="Storia del fascismo italiano">Storia del fascismo italiano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leggi_razziali_fasciste" title="Leggi razziali fasciste">Leggi razziali fasciste</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_fascista" title="Propaganda fascista">Propaganda fascista</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fascismo" title="Fascismo">Fascismo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Governi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Governo_Mussolini" title="Governo Mussolini">Governo Mussolini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Governo_della_Repubblica_Sociale_Italiana" title="Governo della Repubblica Sociale Italiana">Governo della Repubblica Sociale Italiana</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Partiti politici</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Partito_Socialista_Italiano" title="Partito Socialista Italiano">Partito Socialista Italiano</a> (1900-1914)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fasci_italiani_di_combattimento" title="Fasci italiani di combattimento">Fasci italiani di combattimento</a> (1919-21)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Partito_Nazionale_Fascista" title="Partito Nazionale Fascista">Partito Nazionale Fascista</a> (1921-43)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Partito_Fascista_Repubblicano" title="Partito Fascista Repubblicano">Partito Fascista Repubblicano</a> (1943-45)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Elezioni</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elezioni_politiche_in_Italia_del_1924" title="Elezioni politiche in Italia del 1924">1924</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_politiche_in_Italia_del_1929" title="Elezioni politiche in Italia del 1929">1929</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_politiche_in_Italia_del_1934" title="Elezioni politiche in Italia del 1934">1934</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Eventi storici</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marcia_su_Roma" title="Marcia su Roma">Marcia su Roma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Crisi_di_Corf%C3%B9" title="Crisi di Corfù">Crisi di Corfù</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Matteotti" title="Giacomo Matteotti">Assassinio Matteotti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Secessione_dell%27Aventino" title="Secessione dell'Aventino">Secessione dell'Aventino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Riconquista_della_Libia" class="mw-redirect" title="Riconquista della Libia">Riconquista della Libia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guerra_d%27Etiopia" title="Guerra d'Etiopia">Guerra d'Etiopia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Invasione_italiana_dell%27Albania" title="Invasione italiana dell'Albania">Invasione italiana dell'Albania</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Potenze_dell%27Asse" title="Potenze dell'Asse">Potenze dell'Asse</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Patto_tripartito" title="Patto tripartito">Patto tripartito</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Entrata_dell%27Italia_nella_seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Entrata dell'Italia nella seconda guerra mondiale">Entrata dell'Italia</a> nella <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">Seconda guerra mondiale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Caduta_del_fascismo" title="Caduta del fascismo">Caduta del fascismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Sociale_Italiana" title="Repubblica Sociale Italiana">Repubblica Sociale Italiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caduta_della_Repubblica_Sociale_Italiana" title="Caduta della Repubblica Sociale Italiana">Caduta</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Morte_di_Benito_Mussolini" title="Morte di Benito Mussolini">Morte</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Luoghi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Torlonia_(Roma)" title="Villa Torlonia (Roma)">Villa Torlonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Residenza_di_Mussolini_a_Villa_Torlonia" title="Residenza di Mussolini a Villa Torlonia">Residenza</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Venezia" title="Palazzo Venezia">Palazzo Venezia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rocca_delle_Caminate" title="Rocca delle Caminate">Rocca delle Caminate</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Feltrinelli" title="Palazzo Feltrinelli">Palazzo Feltrinelli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cripta_Mussolini" title="Cripta Mussolini">Cripta Mussolini</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#ccccff; color: black">Famiglia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Genitori</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Mussolini" title="Alessandro Mussolini">Alessandro Mussolini</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Maltoni" title="Rosa Maltoni">Rosa Maltoni</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Fratelli</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Mussolini" title="Arnaldo Mussolini">Arnaldo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvige_Mussolini" title="Edvige Mussolini">Edvige</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Matrimonio e figli</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Rachele_Guidi" title="Rachele Guidi">Rachele Guidi</a> (1915)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edda_Ciano" title="Edda Ciano">Edda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Mussolini" title="Vittorio Mussolini">Vittorio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mussolini" title="Bruno Mussolini">Bruno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Romano_Mussolini" title="Romano Mussolini">Romano</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Mussolini" title="Anna Maria Mussolini">Anna Maria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Albino_Dalser" title="Benito Albino Dalser">Benito Albino</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Amanti</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Dalser" title="Ida Dalser">Ida Dalser</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Margherita_Sarfatti" title="Margherita Sarfatti">Margherita Sarfatti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clara_Petacci" title="Clara Petacci">Clara Petacci</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eagle_with_fasces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fascismo"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/40px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/60px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="435" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Fascismo" title="Portale:Fascismo">Portale Fascismo</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418" /><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_cockade.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Storia d'Italia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Italy_cockade.svg/40px-Italy_cockade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Italy_cockade.svg/60px-Italy_cockade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Storia_d%27Italia" title="Portale:Storia d'Italia">Portale Storia d'Italia</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duce&oldid=144248891">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duce&oldid=144248891</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fascismo" title="Categoria:Fascismo">Fascismo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Partito_Nazionale_Fascista" title="Categoria:Partito Nazionale Fascista">Partito Nazionale Fascista</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_fascismo" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - fascismo">Senza fonti - fascismo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Senza_fonti_-_agosto_2009" title="Categoria:Senza fonti - agosto 2009">Senza fonti - agosto 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3365_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3365 letta da Wikidata">P3365 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P4223_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P4223 letta da Wikidata">P4223 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P6404_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P6404 letta da Wikidata">P6404 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P5844_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P5844 letta da Wikidata">P5844 letta da Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 27 mar 2025 alle 14:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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