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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William James</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 84 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3" title="ويليام جيمس – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام جيمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81)" title="ويليام جيمس (فيلسوف) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام جيمس (فيلسوف)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9B" title="উইলিয়াম জেম্‌ছ – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উইলিয়াম জেম্‌ছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Ceyms" title="Vilyam Ceyms – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Ceyms" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уільям Джэймс – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Джэймс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8E%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7" title="Ўільям Джэймз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўільям Джэймз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уилям Джеймс – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="উইলিয়াম জেমস – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম জেমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ویلیام جەیمز – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلیام جەیمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Γουίλιαμ Τζέιμς – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλιαμ Τζέιμς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ویلیام جیمز – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام جیمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – friul" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="ויליאם ג'יימס – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם ג'יימס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="विलियम जेम्स – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम जेम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Վիլյամ Ջեյմս – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյամ Ջեյմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A8%D5%B4_%D5%83%D5%A7%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Ուիլիըմ Ճէյմս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուիլիըմ Ճէյմս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ウィリアム・ジェームズ – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ジェームズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ჯეიმზი – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ ჯეიმზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уильям Джеймс – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уильям Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%98_%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%98" title="វីលៀម ជែម – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីលៀម ជែម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4" title="윌리엄 제임스 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 제임스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уильям Жеймс – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уильям Жеймс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_James" title="Gulielmus James – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus James" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_D%C5%BEeimss" title="Viljams Džeimss – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams Džeimss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Вилијам Џејмс – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам Џејмс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വില്യം ജെയിംസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യം ജെയിംസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਜੇਮਜ਼ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਜੇਮਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ولیم جیمز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم جیمز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%90%D9%85%D8%B2" title="وېليم جېمز – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېليم جېمز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Джеймс, Уильям – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джеймс, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="විලියම් ජේම්ස් – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විලියම් ජේම්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Вилијам Џејмс – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Џејмс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியம் ஜேம்ஸ் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் ஜேம்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Вільям Джеймс – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3" title="ولیم جیمس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم جیمس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威廉·詹姆士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ჯეიმსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უილიამ ჯეიმსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·詹姆士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James" title="William James – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William James" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%8D%A0%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉占士 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威廉占士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125249#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/William_James" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/William_James" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&oldid=4929639" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=William_James&id=4929639&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_James"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_James"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=William_James&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_James" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125249" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" cellspacing="1" style="width:270px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; font-size:125%;">Uilyam Jeyms</th></tr> <tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:William_James_b1842c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/William_James_b1842c.jpg/220px-William_James_b1842c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/William_James_b1842c.jpg/330px-William_James_b1842c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/William_James_b1842c.jpg/440px-William_James_b1842c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="675" /></a></span><br /><span style="">Jeyms 1903-yilda</span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Tavalludi</th> <td class="" style=""> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P569" data-wikidata-claim-id="q125249$ADA62458-6400-4E87-B8ED-6C2A45717C93"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/11-yanvar" title="11-yanvar">11-yanvar</a> <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyu-York_Siti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyu-York Siti (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nyu-York Siti</a>, AQSh</div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Vafoti</th> <td class="" style=""> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P570" data-wikidata-claim-id="q125249$01B2E7A0-53D5-4243-9BC8-EC3F940ECC57"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/26-avgust" title="26-avgust">26-avgust</a> <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamvort,_Nyu-Xempshir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamvort, Nyu-Xempshir (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tamvort, Nyu-Xempshir</a>, AQSh</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Fuqaroligi</th> <td class="" style=""> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P27" data-wikidata-claim-id="q125249$9E8398AF-7B65-40BA-8050-BC5ED608C39E"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/AQSh" class="mw-redirect" title="AQSh">AQSh</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-[https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn245bz84tzvzsp_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn245bz84tzvzsp_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Otasi</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genri_Jeyms_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genri Jeyms Sr. (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Genri Jeyms Sr.</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Onasi</th> <td class="" style=""> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P25" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q125249$4B22CFC2-4F99-4238-8CDE-5926802BFFDA"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">Mary Walsh James</span></span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Qarindoshlari</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genri_Jeyms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genri Jeyms (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Genri Jeyms</a> (akasi)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elis_Jeyms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elis Jeyms (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Elis Jeyms</a> (singlisi)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>William James</b> (talaffuzi: Uilyam Jems) (1842.11.1, Nyu-York— 1910.26.8, Chokorua, NyuXempshir) – amerikalik faylasuf va psixolog. <a href="/wiki/Garvard_universiteti" class="mw-redirect" title="Garvard universiteti">Garvard universiteti</a> professor (1872— 1907). Materializmga qarshi „radikal empirizm“ namoyandasi va pragmatizm asoschisi. James erkin ijodiy shaxs hamda voqealikning koʻp shaklliligi (qarang <a href="/wiki/Plyuralizm" title="Plyuralizm">Plyuralizm</a>) gʻoyalarini ilgari surdi. Psixologiyada assotsiativ nazariya (qarang <a href="/wiki/Assotsiatsiya" title="Assotsiatsiya">Assotsiatsiya</a>)ga qarshi boʻldi. Asosiy asarlari: „Psixologiyaning ilmiy asoslari“ (1890), „Pragmatizm“ (1902), „Koinot plyuralistik nuqtai nazardan“ (1909), „Diniy tajribaning xilma-xilligi“ (1902)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12034524d"><i>(unspecified title)</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-[https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn245bz84tzvzsp_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-[https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn245bz84tzvzsp_&#039;&#039;(unspecified_title)&#039;&#039;]_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/qn245bz84tzvzsp"><i>(unspecified title)</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a>. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Biography_template.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dovud"><img alt="Dovud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Biography_template.png/40px-Biography_template.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Biography_template.png/60px-Biography_template.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Biography_template.png/80px-Biography_template.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="974" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Shaxsiyat haqidagi ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. Siz uni <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_James&action=edit">boyitib,</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya" title="Vikipediya">Vikipediyaga</a> yordam berishingiz mumkin.</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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