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Хлеб — Вікіпэдыя
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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Этымалёгія" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Этымалёгія"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Этымалёгія</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Этымалёгія-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Структура_і_хімічны_склад" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Структура_і_хімічны_склад"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Структура і хімічны склад</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Структура_і_хімічны_склад-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Глядзіце_таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Глядзіце таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Хлеб</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 204 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">204 мовы</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood" title="Brood — афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brood" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brot" title="Brot — швайцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Brot" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швайцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%A6" title="ዳቦ — амгарская" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዳቦ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="रोटी — ангіцкая" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रोटी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангіцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hl%C4%81f" title="Hlāf — стараангельская" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hlāf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="стараангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="خبز — арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خبز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Հաց — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հաց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2ni" title="Pâni — арумунская" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pâni" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80" title="পাউৰুটী — асамская" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাউৰুটী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcipa" title="Tcipa — атыкамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Tcipa" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атыкамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="डबलरोटी — авадгіская" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="डबलरोटी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадгіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbujape" title="Mbujape — гуаранская" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbujape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27ant%27a" title="T'ant'a — аймарская" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="T'ant'a" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6r%C9%99k" title="Çörək — азэрбайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çörək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азэрбайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A4%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="چؤرک — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چؤرک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buuru" title="Buuru — бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Buuru" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="রুটি — бэнгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бэнгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruti" title="Ruti — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ruti" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1ng" title="Pháng — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pháng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Икмәк — башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Икмәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хлеб — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Хляб — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хляб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brod" title="Brod — баварская" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Brod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="баварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hljeb" title="Hljeb — басьнійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hljeb" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="басьнійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara — брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Талхан — бурацкая" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Талхан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa" title="Pa — каталёнская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80" title="Çăкăр — чуваская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăкăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chl%C3%A9b" title="Chléb — чэская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chléb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingwa" title="Chingwa — шонская" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chingwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingwa" title="Chingwa — тумбуцкая" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chingwa" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara — валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroboro" title="Boroboro — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Boroboro" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød — дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brød" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ibi" title="Láibi — паўночнасаамская" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Láibi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="паўночнасаамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brot" title="Brot — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Brot" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brot" title="Brot — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1%C3%A1h" title="Bááh — наваха" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bááh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="наваха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C4%9Bb" title="Klěb — ніжнялужыцкая" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Klěb" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ніжнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib" title="Leib — эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leib" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AF" title="Ψωμί — грэцкая" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψωμί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread" title="Bread — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bread" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Кши — эрзянская" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кши" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pano" title="Pano — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogi" title="Ogi — баскаўская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ogi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نان — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bared" title="Bared — фіджыйская гіндзі" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bared" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brey%C3%B0" title="Breyð — фарэрская" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Breyð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain" title="Pain — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4le" title="Bôle — заходняя фрыская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bôle" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — фрыюльская" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фрыюльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1n" title="Arán — ірляндзкая" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran" title="Arran — мэнская" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Arran" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran" title="Aran — шатляндзкая гэльская" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aran" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая гэльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — галіцыйская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галіцыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Маькх — інгуская" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Маькх" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="інгуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="麵包 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="麵包" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 — Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mien-p%C3%A2u" title="Mien-pâu — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mien-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B3" title="Өдмг — калмыцкая" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Өдмг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%B5" title="빵 — карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurasa" title="Gurasa — хауская" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gurasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Հաց — армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="डबलरोटी — гіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डबलरोटी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruh" title="Kruh — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kruh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pano" title="Pano — ідзкая" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ідзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achicha" title="Achicha — ігба" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Achicha" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ігба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — ілаканская" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ілаканская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — інданэзійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданэзійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%96%82%E1%94%AD%E1%96%85" title="ᕿᖂᔭᖅ — інуктытут" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᖂᔭᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="інуктытут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punniq" title="Punniq — Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Punniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isinkwa" title="Isinkwa — зулуская" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isinkwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brau%C3%B0" title="Brauð — ісьляндзкая" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brauð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісьляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane" title="Pane — італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D" title="לחם — іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לחם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — яванская" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%94n%C9%94" title="Kpɔnɔ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɔnɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬ್ರೆಡ್ — канадзкая" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರೆಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канадзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ётмек — карачай-балкарская" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ётмек" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачай-балкарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პური — грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chl%C3%A9b" title="Chléb — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chléb" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нан — казаская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara — корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umugati" title="Umugati — руандыйская" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umugati" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="руандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkate" title="Mkate — суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkate" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen" title="Pen — гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipen" title="Dipen — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dipen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan" title="Nan — курдзкая" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нан — кыргыская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%B9" title="Киндӹ — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Киндӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — ладынская" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88" title="ເຂົ້າຈີ່ — лаоская" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຂົ້າຈີ່" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panis" title="Panis — лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Panis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize" title="Maize — латыская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maize" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brout" title="Brout — люксэмбурская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brout" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксэмбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83" title="Фу — лезгінская" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Фу" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duona" title="Duona — летувіская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Duona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="летувіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broed" title="Broed — лімбурская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Broed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADmpa" title="Límpa — лінгалійская" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Límpa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiby" title="Leiby — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Leiby" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanba" title="nanba — ложбанская" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nanba" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keny%C3%A9r" title="Kenyér — вугорская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kenyér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="вугорская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Леб — македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Леб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="റൊട്ടി — малаяламская" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൊട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C4%81oa_(kai)" title="Parāoa (kai) — маарыская" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Parāoa (kai)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маарыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_(%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5)" title="पाव (खाद्यपदार्थ) — маратгійская" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाव (खाद्यपदार्थ)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратгійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="عيش — эгіпецкая арабская" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عيش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="эгіпецкая арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯇꯜ — мейтэйская" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="мейтэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — мінангкабаўская" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="мінангкабаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%AAng-b%C4%83u" title="Miêng-bău — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Miêng-bău" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — мірандыйская" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мірандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Кши — макшанская" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кши" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="макшанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85" title="Талх — мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Талх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ပေါင်မုန့် — бірманская" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပေါင်မုန့်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бірманская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrai" title="Madrai — фіджыйская" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Madrai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood" title="Brood — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoete" title="Stoete — ніжнесаксонская" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stoete" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ніжнесаксонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाउरोटी — нэпальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाउरोटी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="нэпальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3" title="パン — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane" title="Pane — нэапалітанская" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pane" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="нэапалітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Бепиг — чачэнская" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бепиг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чачэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruad" title="Bruad — паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bruad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød — нарвэская (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brød" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød — нарвэская (нюнашк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brød" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (нюнашк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — аксытанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксытанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non" title="Non — узбэцкая" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Non" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਡਬਲਰੋਟੀ — панджабская" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਬਲਰੋਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈبل روٹی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈبل روٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8D" title="ډوډۍ — пуштунская" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډوډۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bred" title="Bred — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bred" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain" title="Pain — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pain" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broot" title="Broot — ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Broot" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chleb" title="Chleb — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chleb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A3o" title="Pão — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan" title="Nan — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tmek" title="Ötmek — крымска-татарская" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ötmek" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымска-татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraoa" title="Faraoa — таіційская" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Faraoa" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таіційская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brut" title="Brut — кёльнская" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Brut" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кёльнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2ine" title="Pâine — румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pâine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manrho" title="Manrho — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Manrho" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27anta" title="T'anta — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'anta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B1" title="Хлїб — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хлїб" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хлеб — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF" title="Килиэп — якуцкая" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Килиэп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="रोटी — санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रोटी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breid" title="Breid — шатляндзкая" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Breid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buka" title="Buka — альбанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Buka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="альбанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pani" title="Pani — сыцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pani" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сыцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread" title="Bread — спрошчаная ангельская" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bread" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="спрошчаная ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="ڊبل روٽي — сіндгская" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊبل روٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндгская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlieb" title="Chlieb — славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chlieb" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruh" title="Kruh — славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kruh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlyb" title="Chlyb — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chlyb" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooti" title="Rooti — самалійская" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rooti" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="самалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نان — цэнтральнакурдзкая" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хлеб — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hljeb" title="Hljeb — сэрбскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hljeb" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сэрбскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — сундзкая" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leip%C3%A4" title="Leipä — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leipä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B6d" title="Bröd — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bröd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="வெதுப்பி — тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெதுப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3rum" title="Aɣrum — ташэльхіцкая" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aɣrum" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташэльхіцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3%E1%B9%9Bum" title="Aɣṛum — кабільская" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣṛum" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Ипи — татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ипи" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86" title="రొట్టె — тэлуская" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రొట్టె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ขนมปัง — тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขนมปัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A" title="ᎦᏚ — чэрокі" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏚ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чэрокі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3hkon%C3%AAh%C3%AB%C3%B6%27o" title="Kóhkonêhëö'o — шэенская" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Kóhkonêhëö'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шэенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekmek" title="Ekmek — турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekmek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1" title="Хліб — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хліб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈبل روٹی — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈبل روٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienhbau" title="Mienhbau — Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mienhbau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib" title="Leib — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Leib" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì — віетнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bánh mì" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="віетнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib" title="Leib — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Leib" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwin" title="Pwin — валёнская" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pwin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%AD" title="麭 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood" title="Brood — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Brood" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — варайская" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mburu" title="Mburu — валофская" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mburu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="валофская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85" title="面包 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="面包" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="ברויט — ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ברויט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%85" title="包 — кантонская" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="包" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan" title="Nan — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douna" title="Douna — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Douna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="麵包 — кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麵包" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buri" title="Buri — мосійская" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Buri" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="мосійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ — стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7802#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Паказаць зьмест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Артыкул</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5:%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне зьместу старонкі (старонка не існуе) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Абмеркаваньне</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зьмяніць варыянт мовы" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Рэжымы"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=history" title="Мінулыя вэрсіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструмэнты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструмэнты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструмэнты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Болей вопцыяў" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеяньні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Breadindia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Breadindia.jpg/200px-Breadindia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Breadindia.jpg/300px-Breadindia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Breadindia.jpg/400px-Breadindia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Белы і чорны хлеб</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Хлеб</b> — зборная назва для групы прадуктаў харчаваньня, якія рыхтуюцца шляхам выпечкі, паравой апрацоўкі альбо смажаньня <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цеста">цеста</a>, што складаецца, як мінімум, з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мука">мукі</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада">вады</a>. У большасьці выпадкаў дадаецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Соль">соль</a>, а таксама выкарыстоўваецца разрыхляльнік, такі як <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрожджы (старонка не існуе)">дрожджы</a>. Аднак у хатніх умовах хлеб у Беларусі выпякаўся бяз солі<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. У некаторыя гатункі хлеба таксама дадаюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спэцыі">спэцыі</a> (такія як зёрны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кмен (старонка не існуе)">кмену</a>) і зёрнышкі (насеньне <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кунжут (старонка не існуе)">кунжута</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Мак">маку</a>). Зёрнышкі таксама служаць для аздабленьня. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Four_loaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Four_loaves.jpg/200px-Four_loaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Four_loaves.jpg/300px-Four_loaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Four_loaves.jpg/400px-Four_loaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Буханка, паўбуханкі і два батоны</figcaption></figure> <p>Хлеб можна есьці асобна, часта яго ядуць са сьлівовым маслам, арахісавым маслам, алеям, сочывам, маргарынам, джэмам, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Жэле">жэле</a>, мармэлядам, мёдам. Што па сутнасьці зьяўляецца блюдам, якое носіць назву <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бутэрброд">бутэрброд</a>. Хлеб выкарыстоўваецца таксама як аснова для <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэндвіч (старонка не існуе)">сэндвіча</a>. Ён можа быць толькі выпечаным альбо ў наступстве падрумянены (напрыклад, у тостэры) і можа падавацца практычна без абмежаваньняў ад пакаёвай тэмпэратуры да гарачага стану. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Breads_and_rolls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Breads_and_rolls.jpg/200px-Breads_and_rolls.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Breads_and_rolls.jpg/300px-Breads_and_rolls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Breads_and_rolls.jpg/400px-Breads_and_rolls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption>Буханкі і хлебныя завіткі ў пякарні</figcaption></figure> <p>Неўпакаваны хлеб можа храніцца ў хлебніцы, і тады ён даўжэй застаецца сьвежым. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Этымалёгія"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.91.D0.B3.D1.96.D1.8F"></span>Этымалёгія</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Этымалёгія»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Этымалёгія"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg/200px-Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg/300px-Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg/400px-Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Хлебныя палачкі з кунжутам</figcaption></figure> <p>Слова хлеб узыходзіць да праславянскай формы <i>*xlěbъ</i>, якая зьяўляецца запазычаньнем з германскай прамовы (герм. <i>*hlaiƀaz</i>), альбо зь якой-небудзь раньнегерманскай гаворкі (звычайна лічыцца, што з гоцкай мовы)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хлеб — адзін з найстарэйшых гатаваных прадуктаў, які зьявіўся яшчэ ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Нэаліт">нэаліце</a>. Першы хлеб уяўляў сабой падобнасьць запечанай кашыцы, прыгатаванай з крупаў і вады, а таксама мог стаць вынікам выпадковай падрыхтоўкі або наўмысных экспэрымэнтаў з вадой і мукой. Нашчадкі такога раньняга хлеба вырабляюцца ў цяперашні час з розных крупаў па ўсім міры, напрыклад, мэксыканская тартылья, індыйскі чапаці, кітайскі «poa ping», шатляндзкая аўсяная аладка, паўночнаамэрыканская кукурузная аладка і этыёпская інжэра. Такі хлеб у выглядзе аладкі стаў асновай ежы шматлікіх старажытных цывілізацыяў: шумеры прымалі ў ежы ячменныя <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Аладкі">аладкі</a>, а ў XII стагодзьдзі да н. э. эгіпцяне маглі купіць у намётах на вуліцах вёсак аладкі, якія зваліся «та». </p><p>Лічыцца, што хлеб з дражджавога тэсту ўпершыню зьявіўся ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Эгіпет">Эгіпце</a> ў сувязі зь мясцовымі спрыяльнымі ўмовамі для росту <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пшаніца">пшаніцы</a>, а для падрыхтоўкі такога хлеба запатрабавалася вывесьці гатунак пшаніцы, які валодае дзьвюма новымі ўласьцівасьцямі. Першае паляпшэньне, зробленае ў раньнедынастычны пэрыяд у Эгіпце, складалася ў тым, што была знойдзеная і выгадаваная пшаніца, якую можна было малаціць без папярэдняй сушкі на агні. Знаходка гатунку пшаніцы, якая ўтрымоўвала досыць шмат клейкавіны (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Бялкі">бялка</a>), стала другім адкрыцьцём, якое паспрыяла зьяўленьню дражджавога хлеба. Лічыцца, што першапачаткова дражджавое цеста стала выкарыстоўвацца ў XVII стагодзьдзі да н. э., але пшаніца, зь якой можна было рабіць такое цеста, сустракалася вельмі рэдка. Выснова аб недахопе такой пшаніцы была зроблена на аснове зьвестак аб тым, што такая пшаніца практычна не прывозілася ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Старажытная Грэцыя">Старажытную Грэцыю</a> да IV стагодзьдзя да н. э. нягледзячы на адладжаныя гандлёвыя сувязі паміж Эгіптам і Грэцыяй, якія існавалі да таго часу ўжо 300 гадоў. </p><p>Для першых відаў хлеба было шмат спосабаў заквашваньня цеста. Можна было выкарыстаць у якасьці дрожджаў бактэрыі, наяўныя ў паветры. Для гэта трэба было толькі пакінуць цеста на адчыненым паветры на пэўны час перад выпечкай. Плініюс Старэйшы пісаў, што галы і ібэрийцы выкарысталі зьнятую зь піва пену, каб рабіць «лягчэйшы [гэта значыць менш шчыльны] хлеб, чым рабілі іншыя народы». У тых частках старажытнага сьвету, дзе замест піва пілі <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Віно">віно</a>, у якасьці закваскі выкарысталі сумесь зь вінаграднага соку і мукі, якой дазвалялі закіснуць, або пшанічнае вотруб’е, прасякнутае віном. Аднак, найболей распаўсюджаным мэтадам было пакінуць кавалак цеста пры падрыхтаваньни хлеба і выкарыстаць яго на наступны дзень у якасьці крыніцы закісаньня. </p><p>Нават у старажытным сьвеце існавала вельмі шмат разнастайных відаў хлеба. У сваім складаньні «Баль мудрацоў» старажытнагрэцкі аўтар Афінэй апісвае некаторыя выгляды хлеба, пірожных, печыва і іншай выпечкі, якая гатавалася ў антычнасьці. Сярод гатункаў хлеба згадваюцца аладкі, мядовы хлеб, баханкі ў форме грыба, пасыпаныя макавым зернем, і адмысловая вайсковая страва — хлебныя завіткі, запечаныя на ражне. Тып і якасьць мукі, якая выкарыстоўвалася для падрыхтоўкі хлеба, таксама маглі адрозьнівацца. Як адзначаў Дыфіл, «хлеб, зроблены з пшаніцы, у параўнаньні з тым, што зроблены зь ячменю, больш пажыўны, лягчэй засвойваецца, і заўсёды лепшай якасьці. У парадку вартасьці, хлеб, зроблены з вычышчанай [добра прасеянай] мукі зьяўляецца першым, пасьля яго — хлеб са звычайнай пшаніцы, а затым хлеб, зроблены з непрасеянай мукі.» </p><p>У сярэднявечнай <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Эўропа">Эўропе</a> хлеб служыў ня толькі асновай ежы, але і быў часткай сэрвіраваньні стала. Пры стандартнай сэрвіроўцы на стол клаліся кавалкі чэрствага хлеба памерам прыкладна 15 см на 10 см, якія служылі талеркамі, і маглі да таго ж убіраць вільгаць. Пасьля ежы гэтыя кавалкі хлеба, якія выконвалі ролі талерак, зьядалі, аддавалі бядноце або кармілі імі сабак. Толькі ў XV стагодзьдзі такія пасудзіны для ежы сталі рабіць з дрэва і перасталі выкарыстаць хлебныя «талеркі». </p><p>Ота Фрэдэрык Ровэдэр лічыцца вынаходнікам хлеба ў нарэзцы. У 1912 Ровэдэр пачаў працаваць над машынай, якая б умела нарэзаць хлеб, але пякарні вельмі неахвотна выкарыстоўвалі такія машыны, паколькі лічылі, што хлеб у нарэзцы хутчэй учарсьцьвее. Толькі пасьля 1928, калі Ровэдэр вынайшаў машыну, якая нарэзала і адразу заварочвала хлеб у пакаваньне, хлеб у нарэзцы стаў папулярным. Пякарня ў Чылікоце, Мізуры была першай, якая выкарыстала гэтую машыну для выраба хлеба ў нарэзцы. </p><p>На працягу пакаленьняў белы хлеб лічыўся найлепшым для багатых, тады як бяднота ела шэры і чорны (жытні) хлеб. Аднак, у XX стагодзьдзі сярод некаторых пластоў насельніцтва перавагі сталі адваротнымі — шэры і чорны хлеб сталі есьці болей праў вялікшую паыўную каштоўнасьць, тады як белы хлеб стаў атаясамлівацца з ігнараваньнем пажыўнасьці, што лічылася нібы ўласьцівым найніжэйшай клясе. </p><p>У апошні час становяцца папулярныя сямейнікі хлебапечкі, якія аўтаматычна робяць цеста і выпякаюць хлеб. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Структура_і_хімічны_склад"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0_.D1.96_.D1.85.D1.96.D0.BC.D1.96.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B4"></span>Структура і хімічны склад</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Структура і хімічны склад»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Структура і хімічны склад"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Мука вырабляецца зь зерня, разьмельченага да парашкападобнага стану. Менавіта ад мукі залежыць асноўная структура выпечанага хлеба. Найболей распаўсюджаная мука жытняя, ячменная, кукурузная і іншыя, але для падрыхтоўкі хлеба часьцей за ўсё выкарыстоўваецца пшанічная пакута, размолатая па адмысловай тэхналёгіі. У сярэднім збожжа падчас ператварэньняў у муку праходзіць шлях да 5 км па розных паверхах сучаснага млына. У складзе мукі ў хлеб пападаюць крухмал і бялкі. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Глядзіце_таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB.D1.8F.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96.D1.86.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Глядзіце таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Глядзіце таксама»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Глядзіце таксама"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Лаваш">Лаваш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фалар">Фалар</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Крыніцы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:85%; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Аляксандар Вашчанка</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zviazda.by/ru/archive/article.php?id=104457">Хлеб наш надзённы</a> // <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Зьвязда">Зьвязда</a></i> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газэта">Газэта</a>. — 17 кастрычніка 2012. — № № 201 (27316). — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1990-763x">1990-763x</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Подробнее: «Этимологический словарь русского языка» М. Фасмера, т. IV, стр. 241—242; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130100114/http://ehl.santafe.edu/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%2Fdata%2Fie%2Fvasmer&first=1&text_word=%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%2C&method_word=substring&text_general=&method_general=substring&text_origin=&method_origin=substring&text_trubachev=&method_trubachev=substring&text_editorial=&method_editorial=substring&text_pages=&method_pages=substring&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=word">это же</a> место словаря Фасмера на <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/indexru.htm">«Старлинге»</a>  <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="расейскай мовай">(рас.)</small></span> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐54f95c77b8‐jdv65 Cached time: 20241112120033 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.035 seconds Real time usage: 0.065 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 263/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1796/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 516/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2160/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 27.520 1 Шаблён:Крыніцы 100.00% 27.520 1 -total 44.62% 12.280 1 Шаблён:Артыкул 31.01% 8.534 1 Шаблён:Ref-ru 26.17% 7.201 1 Шаблён:ISSN_пошук 23.58% 6.490 1 Шаблён:Ref-мова 14.47% 3.982 2 Шаблён:Trim 11.76% 3.236 1 Шаблён:Ref-інфа --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key be_x_oldwiki:pcache:idhash:71127-0!canonical and timestamp 20241112120033 and revision id 2320906. 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