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Хлеб — Вікіпэдыя

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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&amp;returnto=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Этымалёгія" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Этымалёгія"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Этымалёгія</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Этымалёгія-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Структура_і_хімічны_склад" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Структура_і_хімічны_склад"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Структура і хімічны склад</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Структура_і_хімічны_склад-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Глядзіце_таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Глядзіце таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Глядзіце_таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Хлеб</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 204 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">204 мовы</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood" title="Brood — афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brood" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brot" title="Brot — швайцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Brot" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швайцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%A6" title="ዳቦ — амгарская" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዳቦ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="रोटी — ангіцкая" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रोटी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангіцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hl%C4%81f" title="Hlāf — стараангельская" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hlāf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="стараангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="خبز — арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خبز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Հաց — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հաց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2ni" title="Pâni — арумунская" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pâni" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80" title="পাউৰুটী — асамская" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাউৰুটী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcipa" title="Tcipa — атыкамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Tcipa" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атыкамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="डबलरोटी — авадгіская" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="डबलरोटी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадгіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbujape" title="Mbujape — гуаранская" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbujape" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27ant%27a" title="T&#039;ant&#039;a — аймарская" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="T&#039;ant&#039;a" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6r%C9%99k" title="Çörək — азэрбайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çörək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азэрбайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A4%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="چؤرک — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چؤرک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buuru" title="Buuru — бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Buuru" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="রুটি — бэнгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бэнгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruti" title="Ruti — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ruti" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1ng" title="Pháng — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pháng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Икмәк — башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Икмәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хлеб — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Хляб — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хляб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brod" title="Brod — баварская" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Brod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="баварская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hljeb" title="Hljeb — басьнійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hljeb" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="басьнійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara — брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Талхан — бурацкая" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Талхан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa" title="Pa — каталёнская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80" title="Çăкăр — чуваская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăкăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chl%C3%A9b" title="Chléb — чэская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chléb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingwa" title="Chingwa — шонская" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chingwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingwa" title="Chingwa — тумбуцкая" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chingwa" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara — валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroboro" title="Boroboro — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Boroboro" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød — дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brød" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ibi" title="Láibi — паўночнасаамская" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Láibi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="паўночнасаамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brot" title="Brot — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Brot" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brot" title="Brot — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1%C3%A1h" title="Bááh — наваха" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bááh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="наваха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C4%9Bb" title="Klěb — ніжнялужыцкая" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Klěb" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ніжнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib" title="Leib — эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leib" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AF" title="Ψωμί — грэцкая" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψωμί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread" title="Bread — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bread" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Кши — эрзянская" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кши" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="абраны артыкул"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pano" title="Pano — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogi" title="Ogi — баскаўская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ogi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نان — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bared" title="Bared — фіджыйская гіндзі" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bared" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brey%C3%B0" title="Breyð — фарэрская" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Breyð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain" title="Pain — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4le" title="Bôle — заходняя фрыская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bôle" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — фрыюльская" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фрыюльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1n" title="Arán — ірляндзкая" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran" title="Arran — мэнская" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Arran" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran" title="Aran — шатляндзкая гэльская" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aran" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая гэльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — галіцыйская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галіцыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Маькх — інгуская" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Маькх" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="інгуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="麵包 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="麵包" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 — Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mien-p%C3%A2u" title="Mien-pâu — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mien-pâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B3" title="Өдмг — калмыцкая" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Өдмг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%B5" title="빵 — карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurasa" title="Gurasa — хауская" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gurasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Հաց — армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="डबलरोटी — гіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डबलरोटी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruh" title="Kruh — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kruh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pano" title="Pano — ідзкая" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ідзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achicha" title="Achicha — ігба" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Achicha" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ігба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — ілаканская" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ілаканская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — інданэзійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданэзійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%96%82%E1%94%AD%E1%96%85" title="ᕿᖂᔭᖅ — інуктытут" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᖂᔭᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="інуктытут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punniq" title="Punniq — Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Punniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isinkwa" title="Isinkwa — зулуская" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isinkwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brau%C3%B0" title="Brauð — ісьляндзкая" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brauð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісьляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane" title="Pane — італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D" title="לחם — іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לחם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — яванская" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%94n%C9%94" title="Kpɔnɔ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɔnɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬ್ರೆಡ್ — канадзкая" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರೆಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канадзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ётмек — карачай-балкарская" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ётмек" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачай-балкарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პური — грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chl%C3%A9b" title="Chléb — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chléb" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нан — казаская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara" title="Bara — корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bara" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umugati" title="Umugati — руандыйская" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umugati" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="руандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkate" title="Mkate — суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkate" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen" title="Pen — гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipen" title="Dipen — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dipen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan" title="Nan — курдзкая" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нан — кыргыская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%B9" title="Киндӹ — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Киндӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — ладынская" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88" title="ເຂົ້າຈີ່ — лаоская" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຂົ້າຈີ່" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panis" title="Panis — лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Panis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize" title="Maize — латыская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maize" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brout" title="Brout — люксэмбурская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brout" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксэмбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83" title="Фу — лезгінская" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Фу" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duona" title="Duona — летувіская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Duona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="летувіская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broed" title="Broed — лімбурская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Broed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADmpa" title="Límpa — лінгалійская" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Límpa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiby" title="Leiby — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Leiby" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanba" title="nanba — ложбанская" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nanba" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keny%C3%A9r" title="Kenyér — вугорская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kenyér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="вугорская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Леб — македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Леб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="റൊട്ടി — малаяламская" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൊട്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C4%81oa_(kai)" title="Parāoa (kai) — маарыская" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Parāoa (kai)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маарыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_(%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5)" title="पाव (खाद्यपदार्थ) — маратгійская" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाव (खाद्यपदार्थ)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратгійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="عيش — эгіпецкая арабская" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عيش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="эгіпецкая арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯇꯜ — мейтэйская" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="мейтэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — мінангкабаўская" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="мінангкабаўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%AAng-b%C4%83u" title="Miêng-bău — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Miêng-bău" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — мірандыйская" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мірандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Кши — макшанская" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кши" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="макшанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85" title="Талх — мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Талх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ပေါင်မုန့် — бірманская" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပေါင်မုန့်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бірманская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrai" title="Madrai — фіджыйская" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Madrai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood" title="Brood — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoete" title="Stoete — ніжнесаксонская" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stoete" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ніжнесаксонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाउरोटी — нэпальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाउरोटी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="нэпальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3" title="パン — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane" title="Pane — нэапалітанская" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pane" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="нэапалітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Бепиг — чачэнская" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бепиг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чачэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruad" title="Bruad — паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bruad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød — нарвэская (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brød" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød — нарвэская (нюнашк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brød" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (нюнашк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — аксытанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксытанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non" title="Non — узбэцкая" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Non" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਡਬਲਰੋਟੀ — панджабская" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਬਲਰੋਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈبل روٹی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈبل روٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8D" title="ډوډۍ — пуштунская" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډوډۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bred" title="Bred — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bred" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain" title="Pain — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pain" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broot" title="Broot — ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Broot" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chleb" title="Chleb — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chleb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A3o" title="Pão — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan" title="Nan — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tmek" title="Ötmek — крымска-татарская" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ötmek" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымска-татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraoa" title="Faraoa — таіційская" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Faraoa" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таіційская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brut" title="Brut — кёльнская" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Brut" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кёльнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2ine" title="Pâine — румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pâine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manrho" title="Manrho — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Manrho" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27anta" title="T&#039;anta — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T&#039;anta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B1" title="Хлїб — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хлїб" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хлеб — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF" title="Килиэп — якуцкая" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Килиэп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="रोटी — санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रोटी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breid" title="Breid — шатляндзкая" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Breid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buka" title="Buka — альбанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Buka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="альбанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pani" title="Pani — сыцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pani" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сыцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread" title="Bread — спрошчаная ангельская" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bread" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="спрошчаная ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="ڊبل روٽي — сіндгская" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊبل روٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндгская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlieb" title="Chlieb — славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chlieb" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruh" title="Kruh — славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kruh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlyb" title="Chlyb — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chlyb" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooti" title="Rooti — самалійская" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rooti" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="самалійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نان — цэнтральнакурдзкая" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Хлеб — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлеб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hljeb" title="Hljeb — сэрбскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hljeb" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сэрбскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — сундзкая" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leip%C3%A4" title="Leipä — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leipä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B6d" title="Bröd — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bröd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="வெதுப்பி — тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெதுப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3rum" title="Aɣrum — ташэльхіцкая" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aɣrum" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташэльхіцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3%E1%B9%9Bum" title="Aɣṛum — кабільская" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣṛum" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Ипи — татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ипи" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86" title="రొట్టె — тэлуская" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రొట్టె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ขนมปัง — тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขนมปัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A" title="ᎦᏚ — чэрокі" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏚ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чэрокі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3hkon%C3%AAh%C3%AB%C3%B6%27o" title="Kóhkonêhëö&#039;o — шэенская" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Kóhkonêhëö&#039;o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шэенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekmek" title="Ekmek — турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekmek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1" title="Хліб — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хліб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈبل روٹی — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈبل روٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienhbau" title="Mienhbau — Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mienhbau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib" title="Leib — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Leib" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì — віетнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bánh mì" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="віетнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leib" title="Leib — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Leib" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwin" title="Pwin — валёнская" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pwin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валёнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan" title="Pan — Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Pan" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%AD" title="麭 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood" title="Brood — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Brood" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay" title="Tinapay — варайская" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinapay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mburu" title="Mburu — валофская" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mburu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="валофская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85" title="面包 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="面包" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="ברויט — ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ברויט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%85" title="包 — кантонская" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="包" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan" title="Nan — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douna" title="Douna — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Douna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="麵包 — кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麵包" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti" title="Roti — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Roti" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buri" title="Buri — мосійская" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Buri" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="мосійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ — стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7802#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Паказаць зьмест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Артыкул</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5:%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Абмеркаваньне зьместу старонкі (старонка не існуе) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Абмеркаваньне</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зьмяніць варыянт мовы" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Рэжымы"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=history" title="Мінулыя вэрсіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструмэнты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструмэнты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструмэнты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Болей вопцыяў" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеяньні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Breadindia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Breadindia.jpg/200px-Breadindia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Breadindia.jpg/300px-Breadindia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Breadindia.jpg/400px-Breadindia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Белы і чорны хлеб</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Хлеб</b>&#160;— зборная назва для групы прадуктаў харчаваньня, якія рыхтуюцца шляхам выпечкі, паравой апрацоўкі альбо смажаньня <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цеста">цеста</a>, што складаецца, як мінімум, з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мука">мукі</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада">вады</a>. У большасьці выпадкаў дадаецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Соль">соль</a>, а таксама выкарыстоўваецца разрыхляльнік, такі як <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрожджы (старонка не існуе)">дрожджы</a>. Аднак у хатніх умовах хлеб у Беларусі выпякаўся бяз солі<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. У некаторыя гатункі хлеба таксама дадаюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спэцыі">спэцыі</a> (такія як зёрны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кмен (старонка не існуе)">кмену</a>) і зёрнышкі (насеньне <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кунжут (старонка не існуе)">кунжута</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Мак">маку</a>). Зёрнышкі таксама служаць для аздабленьня. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Four_loaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Four_loaves.jpg/200px-Four_loaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Four_loaves.jpg/300px-Four_loaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Four_loaves.jpg/400px-Four_loaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Буханка, паўбуханкі і два батоны</figcaption></figure> <p>Хлеб можна есьці асобна, часта яго ядуць са сьлівовым маслам, арахісавым маслам, алеям, сочывам, маргарынам, джэмам, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Жэле">жэле</a>, мармэлядам, мёдам. Што па сутнасьці зьяўляецца блюдам, якое носіць назву <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бутэрброд">бутэрброд</a>. Хлеб выкарыстоўваецца таксама як аснова для <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэндвіч (старонка не існуе)">сэндвіча</a>. Ён можа быць толькі выпечаным альбо ў наступстве падрумянены (напрыклад, у тостэры) і можа падавацца практычна без абмежаваньняў ад пакаёвай тэмпэратуры да гарачага стану. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Breads_and_rolls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Breads_and_rolls.jpg/200px-Breads_and_rolls.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Breads_and_rolls.jpg/300px-Breads_and_rolls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Breads_and_rolls.jpg/400px-Breads_and_rolls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption>Буханкі і хлебныя завіткі ў пякарні</figcaption></figure> <p>Неўпакаваны хлеб можа храніцца ў хлебніцы, і тады ён даўжэй застаецца сьвежым. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Этымалёгія"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.91.D0.B3.D1.96.D1.8F"></span>Этымалёгія</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Этымалёгія»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Этымалёгія"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg/200px-Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg/300px-Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg/400px-Bread_Sticks_With_Sesame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Хлебныя палачкі з кунжутам</figcaption></figure> <p>Слова хлеб узыходзіць да праславянскай формы <i>*xlěbъ</i>, якая зьяўляецца запазычаньнем з германскай прамовы (герм. <i>*hlaiƀaz</i>), альбо зь якой-небудзь раньнегерманскай гаворкі (звычайна лічыцца, што з гоцкай мовы)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хлеб&#160;— адзін з найстарэйшых гатаваных прадуктаў, які зьявіўся яшчэ ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Нэаліт">нэаліце</a>. Першы хлеб уяўляў сабой падобнасьць запечанай кашыцы, прыгатаванай з крупаў і вады, а таксама мог стаць вынікам выпадковай падрыхтоўкі або наўмысных экспэрымэнтаў з вадой і мукой. Нашчадкі такога раньняга хлеба вырабляюцца ў цяперашні час з розных крупаў па ўсім міры, напрыклад, мэксыканская тартылья, індыйскі чапаці, кітайскі «poa ping», шатляндзкая аўсяная аладка, паўночнаамэрыканская кукурузная аладка і этыёпская інжэра. Такі хлеб у выглядзе аладкі стаў асновай ежы шматлікіх старажытных цывілізацыяў: шумеры прымалі ў ежы ячменныя <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Аладкі">аладкі</a>, а ў XII стагодзьдзі да н.&#160;э. эгіпцяне маглі купіць у намётах на вуліцах вёсак аладкі, якія зваліся «та». </p><p>Лічыцца, што хлеб з дражджавога тэсту ўпершыню зьявіўся ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Эгіпет">Эгіпце</a> ў сувязі зь мясцовымі спрыяльнымі ўмовамі для росту <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пшаніца">пшаніцы</a>, а для падрыхтоўкі такога хлеба запатрабавалася вывесьці гатунак пшаніцы, які валодае дзьвюма новымі ўласьцівасьцямі. Першае паляпшэньне, зробленае ў раньнедынастычны пэрыяд у Эгіпце, складалася ў тым, што была знойдзеная і выгадаваная пшаніца, якую можна было малаціць без папярэдняй сушкі на агні. Знаходка гатунку пшаніцы, якая ўтрымоўвала досыць шмат клейкавіны (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Бялкі">бялка</a>), стала другім адкрыцьцём, якое паспрыяла зьяўленьню дражджавога хлеба. Лічыцца, што першапачаткова дражджавое цеста стала выкарыстоўвацца ў XVII стагодзьдзі да н.&#160;э., але пшаніца, зь якой можна было рабіць такое цеста, сустракалася вельмі рэдка. Выснова аб недахопе такой пшаніцы была зроблена на аснове зьвестак аб тым, што такая пшаніца практычна не прывозілася ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Старажытная Грэцыя">Старажытную Грэцыю</a> да IV стагодзьдзя да н.&#160;э. нягледзячы на адладжаныя гандлёвыя сувязі паміж Эгіптам і Грэцыяй, якія існавалі да таго часу ўжо 300 гадоў. </p><p>Для першых відаў хлеба было шмат спосабаў заквашваньня цеста. Можна было выкарыстаць у якасьці дрожджаў бактэрыі, наяўныя ў паветры. Для гэта трэба было толькі пакінуць цеста на адчыненым паветры на пэўны час перад выпечкай. Плініюс Старэйшы пісаў, што галы і ібэрийцы выкарысталі зьнятую зь піва пену, каб рабіць «лягчэйшы [гэта значыць менш шчыльны] хлеб, чым рабілі іншыя народы». У тых частках старажытнага сьвету, дзе замест піва пілі <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Віно">віно</a>, у якасьці закваскі выкарысталі сумесь зь вінаграднага соку і мукі, якой дазвалялі закіснуць, або пшанічнае вотруб’е, прасякнутае віном. Аднак, найболей распаўсюджаным мэтадам было пакінуць кавалак цеста пры падрыхтаваньни хлеба і выкарыстаць яго на наступны дзень у якасьці крыніцы закісаньня. </p><p>Нават у старажытным сьвеце існавала вельмі шмат разнастайных відаў хлеба. У сваім складаньні «Баль мудрацоў» старажытнагрэцкі аўтар Афінэй апісвае некаторыя выгляды хлеба, пірожных, печыва і іншай выпечкі, якая гатавалася ў антычнасьці. Сярод гатункаў хлеба згадваюцца аладкі, мядовы хлеб, баханкі ў форме грыба, пасыпаныя макавым зернем, і адмысловая вайсковая страва&#160;— хлебныя завіткі, запечаныя на ражне. Тып і якасьць мукі, якая выкарыстоўвалася для падрыхтоўкі хлеба, таксама маглі адрозьнівацца. Як адзначаў Дыфіл, «хлеб, зроблены з пшаніцы, у параўнаньні з тым, што зроблены зь ячменю, больш пажыўны, лягчэй засвойваецца, і заўсёды лепшай якасьці. У парадку вартасьці, хлеб, зроблены з вычышчанай [добра прасеянай] мукі зьяўляецца першым, пасьля яго&#160;— хлеб са звычайнай пшаніцы, а затым хлеб, зроблены з непрасеянай мукі.» </p><p>У сярэднявечнай <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Эўропа">Эўропе</a> хлеб служыў ня толькі асновай ежы, але і быў часткай сэрвіраваньні стала. Пры стандартнай сэрвіроўцы на стол клаліся кавалкі чэрствага хлеба памерам прыкладна 15&#160;см на 10&#160;см, якія служылі талеркамі, і маглі да таго ж убіраць вільгаць. Пасьля ежы гэтыя кавалкі хлеба, якія выконвалі ролі талерак, зьядалі, аддавалі бядноце або кармілі імі сабак. Толькі ў XV стагодзьдзі такія пасудзіны для ежы сталі рабіць з дрэва і перасталі выкарыстаць хлебныя «талеркі». </p><p>Ота Фрэдэрык Ровэдэр лічыцца вынаходнікам хлеба ў нарэзцы. У 1912 Ровэдэр пачаў працаваць над машынай, якая б умела нарэзаць хлеб, але пякарні вельмі неахвотна выкарыстоўвалі такія машыны, паколькі лічылі, што хлеб у нарэзцы хутчэй учарсьцьвее. Толькі пасьля 1928, калі Ровэдэр вынайшаў машыну, якая нарэзала і адразу заварочвала хлеб у пакаваньне, хлеб у нарэзцы стаў папулярным. Пякарня ў Чылікоце, Мізуры была першай, якая выкарыстала гэтую машыну для выраба хлеба ў нарэзцы. </p><p>На працягу пакаленьняў белы хлеб лічыўся найлепшым для багатых, тады як бяднота ела шэры і чорны (жытні) хлеб. Аднак, у XX стагодзьдзі сярод некаторых пластоў насельніцтва перавагі сталі адваротнымі&#160;— шэры і чорны хлеб сталі есьці болей праў вялікшую паыўную каштоўнасьць, тады як белы хлеб стаў атаясамлівацца з ігнараваньнем пажыўнасьці, што лічылася нібы ўласьцівым найніжэйшай клясе. </p><p>У апошні час становяцца папулярныя сямейнікі хлебапечкі, якія аўтаматычна робяць цеста і выпякаюць хлеб. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Структура_і_хімічны_склад"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0_.D1.96_.D1.85.D1.96.D0.BC.D1.96.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B4"></span>Структура і хімічны склад</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Структура і хімічны склад»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Структура і хімічны склад"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Мука вырабляецца зь зерня, разьмельченага да парашкападобнага стану. Менавіта ад мукі залежыць асноўная структура выпечанага хлеба. Найболей распаўсюджаная мука жытняя, ячменная, кукурузная і іншыя, але для падрыхтоўкі хлеба часьцей за ўсё выкарыстоўваецца пшанічная пакута, размолатая па адмысловай тэхналёгіі. У сярэднім збожжа падчас ператварэньняў у муку праходзіць шлях да 5&#160;км па розных паверхах сучаснага млына. У складзе мукі ў хлеб пападаюць крухмал і бялкі. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Глядзіце_таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB.D1.8F.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96.D1.86.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Глядзіце таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Глядзіце таксама»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Глядзіце таксама"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Лаваш">Лаваш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фалар">Фалар</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Крыніцы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:85%; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Аляксандар Вашчанка</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zviazda.by/ru/archive/article.php?id=104457">Хлеб наш надзённы</a> // <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Зьвязда">Зьвязда</a></i>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Газэта">Газэта</a>. — 17 кастрычніка 2012. — №&#160;№ 201 (27316). — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:1990-763x">1990-763x</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Подробнее: «Этимологический словарь русского языка» М. Фасмера, т. IV, стр. 241—242; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130100114/http://ehl.santafe.edu/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&amp;morpho=0&amp;basename=%2Fdata%2Fie%2Fvasmer&amp;first=1&amp;text_word=%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%2C&amp;method_word=substring&amp;text_general=&amp;method_general=substring&amp;text_origin=&amp;method_origin=substring&amp;text_trubachev=&amp;method_trubachev=substring&amp;text_editorial=&amp;method_editorial=substring&amp;text_pages=&amp;method_pages=substring&amp;text_any=&amp;method_any=substring&amp;sort=word">это же</a> место словаря Фасмера на <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/indexru.htm">«Старлинге»</a> &#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="расейскай мовай">(рас.)</small></span> </li> </ol> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐54f95c77b8‐jdv65 Cached time: 20241112120033 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.035 seconds Real time usage: 0.065 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 263/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1796/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 516/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2160/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 27.520 1 Шаблён:Крыніцы 100.00% 27.520 1 -total 44.62% 12.280 1 Шаблён:Артыкул 31.01% 8.534 1 Шаблён:Ref-ru 26.17% 7.201 1 Шаблён:ISSN_пошук 23.58% 6.490 1 Шаблён:Ref-мова 14.47% 3.982 2 Шаблён:Trim 11.76% 3.236 1 Шаблён:Ref-інфа --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key be_x_oldwiki:pcache:idhash:71127-0!canonical and timestamp 20241112120033 and revision id 2320906. 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