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data-contextual-token="ms-Nn6yN4SzAekvbDa-h1bX7xg25aVe_PCVrE3Opt00" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h4><img alt="ICTV Report" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="6380bd2e-da56-40a4-9e2d-07191f313728" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/ICTV%20Report%20Header.png" width="250px" class="align-left" height="513" loading="lazy"></h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book-blocks-toc _none clearfix block block-book-blocks block-book-block-toc"> <div class="content"> <div><div class='book-blocks-toc-book '><span class='book-blocks-toc-prefix'>Book: </span><a href='/report/chapter/lispiviridae'>Lispiviridae</a></div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="book-blocks-active menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae" hreflang="en">Family: Lispiviridae</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/acridvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Acridvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/aleyavirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Aleyavirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/aleybvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Aleybvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/anicalvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Anicalvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/anidravirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Anidravirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/aranavirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Aranavirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/aranbvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Aranbvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/arlivirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Arlivirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/avesvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Avesvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/birfecvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Birfecvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/copasivirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Copasivirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/cybitervirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Cybitervirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/damravirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Damravirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/ganiavirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Ganiavirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/hemipvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Hemipvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/leocovirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Leocovirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/nematovirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Nematovirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/phelinovirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Phelinovirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/rivapovirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Rivapovirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/sanstrivirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Sanstrivirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/stylovirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Stylovirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/supelovirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Supelovirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/synelinevirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Synelinevirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/usmuvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Usmuvirus</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/xenophyvirus" hreflang="en">Genus: Xenophyvirus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/authors" hreflang="en">Authors: Lispiviridae</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/citation" hreflang="en">Citation: Lispiviridae</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/references" hreflang="en">References: Lispiviridae</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/lispiviridae/resources" hreflang="en">Resources: Lispiviridae</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/report/chapter/lispiviridae/taxonomy/lispiviridae" hreflang="en">Species List: Lispiviridae</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-12 col-9right"> <div class="_none clearfix block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodemt-servicefield-mt-srv-body"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-mt-srv-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Family: <em>Lispiviridae</em></h2><p> </p><p><strong>Jun-Min Li (李俊敏), Fei Wang (王飞), Gongyin Ye (叶恭银) and Sofia Paraskevopoulou (Σοφία Παρασκευοπούλου)</strong></p><p>The citation for this ICTV Report chapter is the summary published as: </p><p><a href="https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001869">Li JM, Wang F, Ye G, Paraskevopoulou S. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: <em>Lispiviridae</em> 2023 Journal of General Virology, (2023), 104, 001869</a></p><p><strong>Corresponding authors:</strong> Jun-Min Li (李俊敏):<a href="mailto:lijunmin@nbu.edu.cn">lijunmin@nbu.edu.cn</a> and Sofia Paraskevopoulou (Σοφία Παρασκευοπούλου):<a href="mailto:paraskevopoulous@rki.de">paraskevopoulous@rki.de</a></p><p><strong>Edited by: </strong>Jens H. Kuhn and Stuart G. Siddell<br><strong>Posted:</strong> June 2023, July 2024</p><h2>Summary</h2><p><em>Lispiviridae</em> is a family for viruses with negative-sense RNA genomes of 6.5–15.5 kb (Table 1 <em>Lispiviridae</em>). The family includes 25 genera and 34 species for 34 distinct viruses. Most members of this family have been identified within arthropod hosts sampled in Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. The viruses are only known from their genome sequences.</p><p><strong>Table 1 </strong><em><strong>Lispiviridae.</strong></em> Characteristics of members of the family <em>Lispiviridae</em></p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td width="123"><strong>Characteristic</strong></td><td width="341"><strong>Description</strong></td></tr><tr><td width="123">Example</td><td width="341">Anisopteromalus calandrae negative-strand RNA virus 2 (MW864603), species <em>Anicalvirus hangzhouense</em>, genus <em>Anicalvirus</em></td></tr><tr><td width="123">Virion</td><td width="341">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td width="123">Genome</td><td width="341">6.5–15.5 kb of negative-sense RNA</td></tr><tr><td width="123">Replication</td><td width="341">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td width="123">Translation</td><td width="341">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td width="123">Host range</td><td width="341">Arthropods and nematodes of the superphylum Ecdysozoa</td></tr><tr><td width="123">Taxonomy</td><td width="341">Realm <em>Riboviria</em>, kingdom <em>Orthornavirae</em>, phylum <em>Negarnaviricota</em>, class <em>Monjiviricetes</em>, order <em>Mononegavirales</em>; 25 genera and 34 species</td></tr></tbody></table><h2>Virion</h2><h4>Morphology</h4><p>Unknown.</p><h4>Nucleic acid</h4><p>A single molecule of linear, negative-sense RNA of 6.5–15.5 kb.</p><h2>Genome organization and replication</h2><p>Genomes of members of the family <em>Lispiviridae</em> commonly have five to six open reading frames (ORFs) (Figure 1 <em>Lispiviridae</em>). Encoded proteins likely include a glycoprotein and a large protein (L) including an RNA directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain.</p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td><img data-entity-uuid="3d76f4a7-a13d-4722-8419-fb02310ef57f" data-entity-type="file" src="/system/files/inline-images/ONSR.Lispi_.Fig1_.v6.png" width="10117" height="8287" alt="Lispiviridae genome " loading="lazy"></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Figure 1 </strong><em><strong>Lispiviridae</strong></em><strong>. </strong>Genome organization of members of each genus in the family <em>Lispiviridae</em>. ORFs are indicated as boxes, coloured according to the predicted protein function (G, glycoprotein; L, large protein including an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain; N, nucleoprotein; P, predicted phosphoprotein; M, predicted matrix protein). The GenBank accession numbers for genome sequences of exemplar viruses for each species are shown to the left of the virus names.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2>Biology</h2><p>Members of the family <em>Lispiviridae</em> have been detected in arthropods (hemipterans, odonatans, hymenopterans, orthopterans and arachnids), nematodes, mammals (mice) and bird faeces (Table 2 <em>Lispiviridae</em>), sampled in Asia (China, Thailand), Africa (Gabon), Europe (Spain, Germany, Netherlands) and Oceania (New Zealand, Australia) (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29939128" target="ictvref" title=" Viljakainen et al., 2018, Viruses of invasive Argentine ants from the European Main supercolony: characterization, interactions and evolution, J Gen Virol, 99, 8, 1129-40">Viljakainen <em>et al.,</em> 2018</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31830128" target="ictvref" title=" Käfer et al., 2019, Re-assessing the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in insects, PLoS Pathog, 15, 12, e1008224">Käfer <em>et al.,</em> 2019</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31513008" target="ictvref" title=" Williams et al., 2019, Discovery of two highly divergent negative-sense RNA viruses associated with the parasitic nematode, Capillaria hepatica, in wild Mus musculus from New York City, J Gen Virol, 100, 1350-62">Williams <em>et al.,</em> 2019</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050289" target="ictvref" title=" Lay et al., 2020, Unmapped RNA virus diversity in termites and their symbionts, Viruses, 12, 10, e1145">Lay <em>et al.,</em> 2020</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33986295" target="ictvref" title=" Huang et al., 2021, Diversity and infectivity of the RNA virome among different cryptic species of an agriculturally important insect vector: whitefly Bemisia tabaci, NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 7, 1, 43">Huang <em>et al.,</em> 2021</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33952664" target="ictvref" title=" Wang et al., 2021, Diverse RNA viruses discovered in three parasitoid wasps of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae, mSphere, 6, 3, doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00331-21">Wang <em>et al.,</em> 2021</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35246733" target="ictvref" title=" Ye et al., 2022, Complete genome sequence of a novel arlivirus from a yellow spotted stink bug (Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783)), Arch Virol, 167, 4, 1205-9">Ye <em>et al.,</em> 2022</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35250920" target="ictvref" title=" Zhu et al., 2022, RNA virus diversity in birds and small mammals from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, Front Microbiol, 13, 780651">Zhu <em>et al.,</em> 2022</a>).</p><p><strong>Table 2 </strong><em><strong>Lispivirdae</strong></em><strong>. Hosts of lispivirids.</strong></p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td width="98"><strong>Virus genus</strong></td><td width="202"><strong>Virus</strong></td><td width="329"><strong>Host species</strong></td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Acridvirus</em></td><td width="202">Hángzhōu acrida cinerea lispivirus 1</td><td width="329">Short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae: <em>Acrida cinerea</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Aleyavirus</em></td><td width="202">Bemisia tabaci arlivirus 1</td><td width="329">Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae: <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Aleybvirus</em></td><td width="202">Bemisia tabaci arlivirus 2</td><td width="329">Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae: <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Anicalvirus</em></td><td width="202">Anisopteromalus calandrae negative-strand RNA virus 2</td><td width="329">Parasitoid wasps (Pteromalidae:<u> </u><em><u>Ani</u>sopteromalus calan<u>dra</u>e</em> )</td></tr><tr><td><em>Anicalvirus</em></td><td>hymenopteran arli-related virus OKIAV100</td><td>Parasitoid wasps (Pteromalidae: <em>Orussus unicolor</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Anidravirus</em></td><td width="202">Anisopteromalus calandrae negative-strand RNA virus 1</td><td width="329">Parasitoid wasps (Pteromalidae:<u> </u><em><u>Ani</u>sopteromalus calan<u>dra</u>e</em> )</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Aranavirus</em></td><td width="202">Guìyáng lispivirus 1</td><td width="329">Orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae: <em>Argiope bruennichi</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Aranbvirus</em></td><td width="202">Guìyáng lispivirus 2</td><td width="329">Orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae: <em>Argiope bruennichi</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Arlivirus</em></td><td width="202">Lĭshì spider virus 2</td><td width="329">Spiders (Araneae)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Arlivirus</em></td><td width="202">Nbu stink bug virus 1</td><td width="329">Stink bugs (Pentatomidae: <em>Erthesina fullo</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Arlivirus</em></td><td width="202">Hángzhōu scotinophara lurida lispivirus 1</td><td width="329">Stink bugs (Pentatomidae: <em>Scotinophara lurida</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Avesvirus</em></td><td width="202">Arlivirus sp. virus</td><td width="329">[bird]</td></tr><tr><td><em>Birfecvirus</em></td><td>Arlivirus sp. XZN142933</td><td>[bird]</td></tr><tr><td><em>Copasivirus</em></td><td>isopteran arli-related virus OKIAV103</td><td>Termites (Termitidae: <em>Occasitermes</em>) and subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae: <em>Coptotermes</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Copasivirus</em></td><td width="202">isopteran arli-related virus OKIAV103</td><td width="329">Termites (Termitidae: <em>Occasitermes</em>) and subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae: <em><u>Cop</u>totermes</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Copasivirus</em></td><td width="202">Jimsystermes virus</td><td width="329">Termites (Termitidae: <em>Occasitermes</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Cybitervirus</em></td><td width="202">coleopteran arli-related virus OKIAV107</td><td width="329">Diving beetles (Dytiscidae: <em>Cyb<u>i</u>ster la<u>ter</u>alimarginalis</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Damravirus</em></td><td width="202">Húběi odonate virus 10</td><td width="329">Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata sp.)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Damravirus</em></td><td width="202">Fǔshùn ischnura senegalensis lispivirus 1</td><td width="329">Damselflies (Coenagrionidae: <em>Ischnura senegalensis</em>)</td></tr><tr><td><em>Ganiavirus</em></td><td>Fùyùn tick virus 1</td><td>Ticks</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Ganiavirus</em></td><td width="202">Tǎchéng tick virus 6</td><td width="329">Soft ticks (Argasidae: <em>Argas miniatus</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Hemipvirus</em></td><td width="202">Hángzhōu eysarcoris guttigerus lispivirus 1</td><td width="329">Stink bugs (Pentatomidae: <em>Eysarcoris guttigerus</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Hemipvirus</em></td><td width="202">Hángzhōu cletus punctiger lispivirus 1</td><td width="329">Leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae: <em>Cletus punctiger</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Leocovirus</em></td><td width="202">Húběi rhabdo-like virus 3</td><td width="329">Beetles (Coleoptera sp.)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Nematovirus</em></td><td width="202">Wǔchāng romanomermis nematode virus 2</td><td width="329">Nematodes (Mermithidae: <em>Romanomermis </em>sp.)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Phelinovirus</em></td><td width="202">hymenopteran arli-related virus OKIAV99</td><td width="329">Parasitoid wasps (Aphelinidae: <em>Aphelinus abdominalis</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Rivapovirus</em></td><td width="202">hemipteran arli-related virus OKIAV94</td><td width="329">Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae: <em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Sanstrivirus</em></td><td width="202"><u>Sān</u>xiá water strider virus 4</td><td width="329">Water striders (Gerridae sp.)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Stylovirus</em></td><td width="202">strepsipteran arli-related virus OKIAV104</td><td width="329">Insect endoparasites of bees (Stylopidae: <em>Stylops melittae</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Supelovirus</em></td><td width="202">blattodean arli-related virus OKIAV102</td><td width="329">Wood cockroaches (Ectobiidae: <em>Supella longipalpa</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Synelinevirus</em></td><td width="202">hymenopteran arli-related virus OKIAV98</td><td width="329">Gall wasps (Cynipidae: <em>Synergus umbraculus</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Synelinevirus</em></td><td width="202">Linepithema humile rhabdo-like virus 1</td><td width="329">Ants (Formicidae: <em>Linepithema humile</em>)</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Usmuvirus</em></td><td width="202">Amsterdam virus</td><td width="329">[True mice (Muridae: <em>Mus musculus</em>)]</td></tr><tr><td width="98"><em>Xenophyvirus</em></td><td width="202">hemipteran arli-related virus OKIAV95</td><td width="329">Moss bugs (Peloridiidae: <em>Xenophyes metoponcus</em>)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Hosts in brackets may not be the natural host.</p><h2>Derivation of names</h2><p><em>Acridvirus</em>: from the grasshopper family Acrididae. The species epithet <em>hangzhouense </em>derives from <u>Hángzhōu</u> (杭州市), China, the sample location for Hangzhou acrida cinerea lispivirus 1.</p><p><em>Aleyavirus</em>: from the whitefly family Aleyrodidae, with an added “a” to distinguish it from <em>Aleybvirus</em>. The species epithet <em>fuyangense </em>derives from Fùyáng (阜阳市), China, the sampling location for Bemisia tabaci alrivirus 1.</p><p><em>Aleybvirus</em>: from the whitefly family Aleyrodidae, with an added “b” to distinguish it from <em>Aleyavirus</em>. The species epithet <em>fuyangense </em>derives from Fùyáng (阜阳市), China, the sampling location for Bemisia tabaci alrivirus 2.</p><p><em>Anicalvirus</em>: from the parasitoid wasp species <em><u>Ani</u>sopteromalus <u>cal</u>andrae</em>. The species epithet <em>hangzhouense </em>derives from <u>Hángzhōu (</u>杭州市<u>)</u>, China, the sample location for Anisopteromalus calandrae negative-strand RNA virus 2. The species epithet hesdarense derives from <u>Dar</u>mstadt, <u>Hes</u>se, Germany, the sample location for hymenopteran arli-related virus OKIAV100.</p><p><em>Anidravirus</em>: from the parasitoid wasp species <em><u>Ani</u>sopteromalus calan<u>dra</u>e</em>. The species epithet <em>hangzhouense </em>derives from <u>Hángzhōu</u> (杭州市), China, the sample location for Anisopteromalus calandrae negative-strand RNA virus 1.</p><p><em>Aranavirus</em>: from the spider family Araneidae with an added “a” to distinguish it from <em>Aranbvirus</em>. The species epithet <em>guiyangense</em> derives from Guìyáng (贵阳市), China, the sample location for Guìyáng lispivirus 1.</p><p><em>Aranbvirus</em>: from the spider family Araneidae with an added “b” to distinguish it from <em>Aranavirus</em>. The species epithet <em>guiyangense</em> derives from Guìyáng (贵阳市), China, the sample location for Guìyáng lispivirus 2.</p><p><em>Arlivirus</em>: from the class Arachnida and the city Lǐshì (李市). The species epithet <em>arachnae </em>derives from the class Arachnida, including spiders, the epithet <em>ningboense</em> derives from Níngbō (宁波市), China, the sample location for Nbu stink bug virus 1 and the epithet <em>hangzhouense </em>from <u>Hángzhōu</u> (杭州市), China, the sample location for <u>Hángzhōu</u> scotinophara lurida lispivirus 1.</p><p><em>Avesvirus</em>: from the class <u>Aves</u>. The species epithet <em>sinense</em> derives from “sino-”, the prefix for China, that being the sample location for Arlivirus sp. virus isolate YSN1024.</p><p><em>Birfecvirus</em>: after <u>bir</u>d and <u>fe</u>cal. The species epithet <em>tibetense</em> is derived from <u>Tibet</u>, China, the discovery location of Arlivirus sp. XZN142933.</p><p><em>Copasivirus</em>: from the host genera <em><u>Cop</u>totermes</em> and <em>Occ<u>asi</u>termes</em>. The species epithet <em>cattienense</em> derives from <u>Cát Tiên</u> National Park, Vietnam, the sample location for Cát Tiên Hospitalitermes lispi-like virus, the epithet <em>ivindoense</em> derives from <u>Ivindo</u> National Park, Gabon, the sample location for isopteran arli-related virus OKIAV103 and the epithet <em>manlyvaleense</em> from <u>Manly Vale</u>, New South Wales, Australia, the sampling location for Jimsystermes virus.</p><p><em>Cybitervirus</em>: from <em><u>Cybi</u>ster la<u>ter</u>alimarginalis</em>. The species epithet <em>niederense</em> derives from the German word “<em><u>nieder</u></em>” meaning “low”, as a reference to “Lower Saxony”, Lüchow-Dannenberg, Lower Saxony, Germany being the sampling location for coleopteran arli-related virus OKIAV107.</p><p><em>Damravirus</em>: from odonate <u>dam</u>selflies and d<u>ra</u>gonflies. The species epithet <em>dentatis </em>derives from <em><u>dentatum</u></em>, the Latin word for toothed (odonate is derived from <em>ὀδούς</em>, the Greek word for tooth) and the epithet <em>fushunense</em> from Fǔshùn (抚顺市), China, the sample location for Fǔshùn ischnura senegalensis lispivirus 1.</p><p><em>Ganiavirus</em>: from <em>Ar<u>ga</u>s mi<u>nia</u>tus</em>. The species epithet fuyunense derived from <u>Fùyùn </u>County (富蕴县) of Xīnjiāng Uygur Autonomous Region, China, the sample location for Fùyùn tick virus 1, and the epithet <em>tachengense</em> is derived from <u>Tǎchéng</u> (塔城) Prefecture, China, the sample location for Tǎchéng tick virus 6.</p><p><em>Hemipvirus</em>: from Hemiptera. The species epithet <em>scuti</em> is derived from the Latin <em>scutum </em>meaning “shield” and the epithet <em>veri</em> from the Latin <em>verus</em>, meaning “true”, the <em>Cletus </em>being a genus of true bugs.</p><p><em>Leocovirus</em>: from a scrambled contraction of <u>Coleo</u>ptera. The species epithet <em>coleopteris </em>derives from Coleoptera.</p><p><em>Lispiviridae</em>: from <u>Lĭ</u>shì <u>spi</u>der virus 2.</p><p><em>Nematovirus</em>: from <u>nemato</u>de. The species epithet <em>wuchangense </em>derives from <u>Wǔchāng</u> (武昌) District, China, the sampling location for Wǔchāng romanomermis nematode virus 2.</p><p><em>Phelinovirus</em>: derived from <em>A<u>phelin</u>us abd<u>o</u>minalis</em>. The species epithet <em>aphidis </em>derives from aphid in reference to the use of <em>A<u>phelin</u>us abd<u>o</u>minalis </em>wasps as biological control agents for aphid pests of agricultural crops.</p><p><em>Rivapovirus</em>: from <em>T<u>ri</u>aleurodes <u>vapo</u>rariorum</em>. The species epithet <em>aleyrodidae </em>is derived from the host whitefly family, <u>Aleyrodidae</u>.</p><p><em>Sanstrivirus</em>: from <u>Sān</u>xiá water <u>stri</u>der virus 4. The species epithet <em>gerridis </em>is derived from the host family name <u>Gerrid</u>ae.</p><p><em>Stylovirus</em>: from the host genus <em><u>Stylo</u>ps</em>. The species epithet <em>niederense </em>is derived from the German word “<em><u>nieder</u></em>” meaning “low”, as a reference to “Lower Saxony”, Lüchow-Dannenberg, Lower Saxony, Germany being the sampling location for strepsipteran arli-related virus OKIAV104.</p><p><em>Supelovirus</em>: from the host <em><u>Supe</u>lla <u>lo</u>ngipalpa</em>. The species epithet <em>thailandense </em>derives <u>Thailand,</u> the sample location for blattodean arli-related virus OKIAV102.</p><p><em>Synelinevirus</em>: from the host genus names <em><u>Syne</u>rgus </em>and <em><u>Line</u>pithema</em>. The species epithet <em>bonnense </em>is derived from <u>Bonn</u>, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the sample location for hymenopteran arli-related virus OKIAV98 and the epithet <em>paranaense </em>is derived from <u>Paraná</u> River, the river in South American that constitutes the native range of <em>Linepithema humile</em> ants that are hosts to Linepithema humile rhabdo-like virus 1.</p><p><em>Usmuvirus</em>: from <em>M<u>us</u> <u>mu</u>sculus</em>. The species epithet <em>newyorkense </em>derives from <u>New York</u>, USA, the sampling location for Amsterdam virus.</p><p><em>Xenophyvirus</em>: from the host genus <em><u>Xenophy</u>es</em>. The species epithet <em>mathesonense </em>is derived from Lake <u>Matheson</u>, South Island Westland District, New Zealand, the sampling location for hemipteran arli-related virus OKIAV95.</p><h2>Genus demarcation criteria</h2><p>Members of different genera in the family are < 50% identical in a coding-complete RdRP amino acid sequence.</p><h2>Species demarcation criteria</h2><p>Members of different species in the same genus are <85% identical in a coding-complete RdRP amino acid sequence.</p><h2>Relationships within the family</h2><p>Phylogenetic relationships of members of the family <em>Lispiviridae</em> are shown in Figure 2 <em>Lispiviridae</em>.</p><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td><img data-entity-uuid="5d19b880-86e4-4fa3-94c8-21c7a250e200" data-entity-type="file" src="/system/files/inline-images/ONSR.Lispi_.Fig2_.v5.png" width="5357" height="5012" alt="Lispiviridae phylogeny" loading="lazy"></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Figure 2 </strong><em><strong>Lispiviridae</strong></em><strong>.</strong> Phylogenetic relationships of viruses in the family <em>Lispiviridae</em>. The phylogenetic tree is based on a MAFFT-alignment of the RdRP amino acid sequences using the L-INS-i algorithm and was inferred using ModelTest-NG and the LG substitution model. Numbers on branch nodes represent transfer bootstrap expectation values (1,000 replicates). The tree is rooted to Bolahun virus (genus <em>Gambievirus</em>, family <em>Xinmoviridae</em>). Genus assignments are shown to the right.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2>Relationships with other taxa</h2><p>The viruses in the family <em>Lispiviridae</em> have a similar genome organisation with other members of the order <em>Mononegavirales</em>.</p><h2>Related, unclassified viruses</h2><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td width="212"><strong>Virus name</strong></td><td width="118"><strong>Accession number</strong></td><td width="130"><strong>Virus abbreviation</strong></td></tr><tr><td width="212">blattodean arli-related virus OKIAV101</td><td width="118"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT153397" target="ictvacc">MT153397</a></td><td width="130">BARV101</td></tr><tr><td width="212">megalopteran arli-related virus OKIAV106</td><td width="118"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT153449" target="ictvacc">MT153449</a></td><td width="130">MARV106</td></tr><tr><td width="212">neuropteran arli-related virus OKIAV105</td><td width="118"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MW288169" target="ictvacc">MW288169</a></td><td width="130">NARV105</td></tr><tr><td width="212">Hángzhōu lispivirus 1</td><td width="118"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ209712" target="ictvacc">MZ209712</a></td><td width="130">HLPV1</td></tr><tr><td width="212">bat faecal associated arli-like virus 1</td><td width="118"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON872577" target="ictvacc">ON872577</a></td><td width="130">BFAALV1</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Virus names and virus abbreviations are not official ICTV designations.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footers-container"> <div id="subfooter" class="clearfix subfooter region--shade-background region--no-separator region--no-block-paddings region--no-paddings"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="clearfix subfooter__container"> 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