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According to western sources, it is generally recognized to have assembled in 1998 by democracy activists and former student leaders from the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests]].<ref name="Gittings" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Edmonds|first=Richard Louis|year=2000|title=The People's Republic of China After 50 Years|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-924065-5}}</ref> ==History== ===Foundation=== While the earliest date listed for its founding is 25 June 1998, the group registered the party on 28 June when US President [[Bill Clinton]] was visiting China.<ref name="Goldsmith">{{cite book|last1=Goldsmith|first1=Jack L.|author1-link=Jack Goldsmith|last2=Wu|first2=Tim|author2-link=Tim Wu|year=2006|title=Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-515266-2}}</ref> [[Wang Youcai]], one of the main activists during the 1989 Tiananmen protest along with Wang Donghai and Lin Hui went to the Civil Public Affair Hall of [[Hangzhou]] in [[Zhejiang Province]] to officially register the party. Their registration was declined.<ref name="Goldsmith" /> The fourth co-founder was Chen Shuqing.<ref name="rfa_20100913"/> ===Communist Party response=== The next day on 29 June, Wang was arrested by the state police at his home. He was charged with creating opposition against the Chinese government.<ref name="Goldsmith" /> His trial began on 18 December, and as he had no lawyer defence, his trial lasted only a few hours. He was quickly sentenced on 21 December to 11 years of imprisonment and three years of deprivation of political rights for [[subversion (politics)|subversion]].<ref name="Goldsmith" /> He was released from prison and exiled in 2004 under international political pressure, especially from the United States. On the same day, [[Xu Wenli]], a 55-year-old member was also sentenced to 13 years for overthrowing the Communist party.<ref name="Mackerras">{{cite book|last=Mackerras|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Mackerras|year=2001|title=The New Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-78674-6}}</ref> On 24 December 2002, Xu was exiled to America on grounds of medical parole.<ref>{{cite news|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141107192646/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/25/world/beijing-releases-leading-dissident.html|archive-date=November 7, 2014|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/25/world/beijing-releases-leading-dissident.html|title=Beijing Releases Leading Dissident|newspaper= New York Times|last=Eckholm|first=Erik |access-date=2013-07-02|date=2002-12-25}}</ref> On 22 December, [[Qin Yongmin]] was sentenced to 12 years in prison for harming state security.<ref name="Mackerras" /> [[Li Peng]], Chairman of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] at the time proclaimed, "If a group is designed to negate the leadership of the Communist Party, then it will not be allowed to exist."<ref name="Gittings"/> The Communist party declared the CDP an ''illegal organization'', followed by a crackdown in [[Beijing]] in 1998.<ref name="Gittings" /> After the sentencing on 23 December, the [[Supreme People's Court]] then declared that, "anyone who knowingly publishes, prints, copies, or distributes material containing incitement to overthrow state power and the socialist system or split the country" could be tried for crimes. Such charges could result in life sentences for film directors, computer software developers, writers and artists, and media and publishing personnel, all of whom are subject to the directive.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/chron398.htm|publisher= Hrw.org|title = HUMAN RIGHTS CHRONOLOGY: CHINA , HONG KONG, TIBET: November - December 1998|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724095309/https://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/chron398.htm|archive-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref> ===Crackdown on other members=== There were hundreds of CDP members who were detained, arrested, and sentenced to prison. Among them: *[[Chen Shuqing]] *[[Gao Hongmin]] *[[Liu Shizhun]] *[[Liu Xianbin]] *[[Mao Qinxiang]] *[[She Wanbao]] *[[Wu Yilong]] *[[Xie Wanjun]] *[[Zha Jianguo]] *[[Zhu Yufu]] *[[Zhu Zhengming]] The above are some of the members of the party. Internet dissident He Depu was also arrested and detained in a correctional facility. ===Present=== Later [[Xu Wenli]] and Wang Youcai were exiled to the US on 24 December 2002 and 4 March 2004. In August 2006, the first congress of the CDP was convened in [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref name="rfa_20100913"/> Ni Yu Xian, the leader of China's democracy movement, one of the founders of DPC and the China Freedom & Democracy Party, presided over the congress. A total of 111 delegates from all the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China attended the Congress. The congress passed the Statutes of Democracy Party of China, Party Program, and some important resolutions.<ref name="CDPproc">{{cite web|url=http://www.cdp2006.org/dylt/EN3.htm |publisher=Cdp2006.org |title=The Proclamation of the First Congress of China Democracy Party |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002005/http://www.cdp2006.org/dylt/EN3.htm |archive-date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> The Coordinative Service Platform was founded by the members of the CDP who are in China, overseas students, and exiled Democracy Party of China members. The initiative group members were Wang Youcai, Lin Hui, Chen Shuqing, Chen Zhiwei, Gao Yeju, Lv Gengsong, Xu Guang, Shan Chenfeng, along with many other members. In January 2008, party member Zheng Cunzhu established the Local Committee of the CDP. Zheng Cunzhu is a former student leader during 1989's pre-democratic movements in Anhui province, and he published an open letter to the leaders of China to advocate the restarting of political reform. The UK Headquarters of the CDP was officially established on November 24, 2021.<ref> {{cite web| url=https://cdpuk.co.uk/2021/11/24/%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e5%85%9a%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e6%80%bb%e9%83%a8%e6%ad%a3%e5%bc%8f%e6%88%90%e7%ab%8b/|title=CDP UK Branch Establishment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422153855/https://cdpuk.co.uk/2021/11/24/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E9%83%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B/|archive-date=April 22, 2023}}</ref> The predecessor of the UK Headquarters of China Democratic Party was known as the "China Democratic Party UK Branch."<ref> {{cite web| url=http://www.ukcdp.co.uk/|title= China Democratic Party UK Branch}}</ref> ==Party summary== The CDP suggests the ideas of "Prosperity, Fairness, Democracy" (富裕公平民主) and "Freedom, Rule-of-Law, Human rights" (自由法制人权/人權). The CDP has four features: *The Chinese Democracy Party was founded in [[mainland China]]. *Based on the many documents issued by the Democracy Party of China Zhejiang Organizing Committee and the Beijing-Tianjin Party Office in 1998, especially the “Declaration of the Democracy Party of China for the New Century” issued by Chinese Democracy Party United Headquarter on January 1, 2000, it is clear that the CDP is firmly established on a solid foundation of true democratic ideals.{{Verify source|date=February 2012}} *The Chinese Democracy Party was founded by a large group of people. Its key members are mainly from participants of the 1978 [[Democracy Wall Movement|Chinese Democracy Wall Movement]], the 1989 Democracy Movement, and various democracy movements from abroad. The vast majority of its leadership was chosen through fair elections. More than 40 of its leaders have endured the suffering of imprisonment. Until today, more than 20 of its leaders are still in prison. *Since the first day of its founding, the Chinese Democracy Party has been receiving close attention and intervention from the government of the United States and other nations. Specifically in 1999 under the leadership of Wang Xizhe, the [[United Nations]] Commission on Human Rights nominated CDP members [[Xu Wenli]], [[Qin Yongmin]] and Wang Youcai for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://taiwantt.org.tw/fortaiwan/fortaiwan4/contents2/newpage81.htm|title = Oct. 18,1999---Kofi A. Annan, Trent Lott, Denny Hastert|publisher= Taiwantt.org.tw|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627230320/https://taiwantt.org.tw/fortaiwan/fortaiwan4/contents2/newpage81.htm|archive-date=June 27, 2023}}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of political parties in the People's Republic of China]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Democracy Party of China}} *[http://www.cdp.org CDP.org: China Democracy Party website] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090329184638/http://en.cdpca.org/ China Democracy Party in California] *[http://www.cdp2006.org CDP2008.org: China Democracy Party USA Headquarters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301182530/http://www.cdp2006.org/ |date=2021-03-01 }} *[http://www.cdp1998.org CDP1998.org: China Democratic Party Union] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20060629063115/http://cdp1998.org/ Archive]) *[http://www.ccdtr.org Future China Coordinative Service Platform of China Democracy Party − Chinese Constitutional Democratic Transition Research] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110803143642/http://www.ccdtr.org/ Archive]) *[http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/yahoo-hit-second-chinese-dissident/story.aspx?guid=%7B3291E981-B723-4CE3-869F-6F259ABD1EE3%7D Marketwatch.com: "Yahoo hit with second Chinese dissident lawsuit"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20081208134125/http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/yahoo-hit-second-chinese-dissident/story.aspx?guid=%7B3291E981-B723-4CE3-869F-6F259ABD1EE3%7D Archive]) {{Chinese political parties}} {{1989 Tiananmen protests}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1998 establishments in China]] [[Category:Anti-communism in China]] [[Category:Anti-communist parties]] [[Category:Banned political parties in China]] [[Category:Chinese democracy movements]] [[Category:Human rights in China]] [[Category:Liberal parties in China]] [[Category:Organizations based in Beijing]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1998]] [[Category:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and 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