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<li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower-case_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower-case_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lower-case symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower-case_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Capital symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Charts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="أبجدية مناهج تقييم الكلام الصوتية الموسعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية مناهج تقييم الكلام الصوتية الموسعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE" title="এক্স-সাম্পা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এক্স-সাম্পা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstensi_Sistem_Penilaian_Alfabet_Fonetik" title="Ekstensi Sistem Penilaian Alfabet Fonetik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekstensi Sistem Penilaian Alfabet Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="ایکس-سامپا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایکس-سامپا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="X-SAMPA" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Remapping of the IPA into ASCII</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/X-SAMPA" title="Special:EditPage/X-SAMPA">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22X-SAMPA%22">"X-SAMPA"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22X-SAMPA%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22X-SAMPA%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22X-SAMPA%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22X-SAMPA%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22X-SAMPA%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet</b> (<b>X-SAMPA</b>) is a variant of <a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a> developed in 1995 by <a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">John C. Wells</a>, professor of <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAMPA-PDF_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAMPA-PDF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the 1993 version of <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). The result is a SAMPA-inspired remapping of the IPA into 7-bit <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>. </p><p>SAMPA was devised as a <a href="/wiki/Kludge#Computer_science" title="Kludge">hack</a> to work around the inability of <a href="/wiki/Text_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Text encoding">text encodings</a> to represent IPA symbols. Later, as <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> support for IPA symbols became more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreased. However, X-SAMPA is still useful as the basis for an <a href="/wiki/Input_method" title="Input method">input method</a> for true IPA. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in the IPA.</li> <li>X-SAMPA uses <a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslashes</a> as modifying suffixes to create new symbols. For example, <b><code><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">O</a></code></b> is a distinct sound from <b><code><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_click" title="Bilabial click">O\</a></code></b>, to which it bears no relation. Such use of the backslash character can be a problem, since many programs interpret it as an <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escape character</a> for the character following it. For example, such X-SAMPA symbols do not work in <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMU_(speech_database_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMU (speech database system) (page does not exist)">EMU</a>, so backslashes must be replaced with some other symbol (e.g., an <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a>: '*') when adding phonemic transcription to an EMU speech database. The backslash has no fixed meaning.</li> <li>X-SAMPA diacritics follow the symbols they modify. Except for <b><code>~</code></b> for <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a>, <b><code>=</code></b> for <a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">syllabicity</a>, and <b><code>`</code></b> for <a href="/wiki/Retroflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflexion">retroflexion</a> and <a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">rhotacization</a>, diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character <b><code>_</code></b>.</li> <li>The underscore character is also used to encode the IPA <a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tiebar</a>: <code>k_p</code> codes for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k͡p/</span>.</li> <li>The numbers <code>_1</code> to <code>_6</code> are reserved diacritics as shorthand for language-specific tone numbers.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF language tags</a> registry has assigned <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">fonxsamp</code> as the subtag for text transcribed in X-SAMPA.<sup id="cite_ref-IETF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IETF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower-case_symbols">Lower-case symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lower-case symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>X-SAMPA</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>IPA image</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td><code><span title="undetermined-language text"><span lang="und-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">a</span></span></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0061.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">open front unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">d<b>a</b>me</i></span> <code><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">[dam]</span></span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><span title="undetermined-language text"><span lang="und-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">b</span></span></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0062.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">voiced bilabial plosive</a></td> <td>English <i><b>b</b>ed</i> <code><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">[bEd]</span></span></code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>b</b>on</i></span> <code><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">[bO~]</span></span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>b_<</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɓ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0253.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">voiced bilabial implosive</a></td> <td>Sindhi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɓarʊ</span> [<code>b_<arU</code>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>c</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">c</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0063.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">voiceless palatal plosive</a></td> <td>Hungarian <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">la<b>ty</b>ak</i></span> <code>["lQcQk]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>d</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0064.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">voiced alveolar plosive</a></td> <td>English <i><b>d</b>ig</i> <code>[dIg]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>d</b>oigt</i></span> <code>[dwa]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>d`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɖ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0256.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">voiced retroflex plosive</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">ho<b>rd</b></i></span> <code>[hu:d`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>d_<</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɗ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0257.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">voiced alveolar implosive</a></td> <td>Sindhi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɗarʊ</span> [<code>d_<arU</code>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>e</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0065.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">close-mid front unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">bl<b>é</b></i></span> <code>[ble]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>f</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">f</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0066.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">voiceless labiodental fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>f</b>ive</i> <code>[faIv]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>f</b>emme</i></span> <code>[fam]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>g</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0261.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">voiced velar plosive</a></td> <td>English <i><b>g</b>ame</i> <code>[geIm]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lon<b>gu</b>e</i></span> <code>[lO~g]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>g_<</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɠ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0260.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">voiced velar implosive</a></td> <td>Sindhi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɠəro</span> [<code>g_<@ro</code>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>h</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">h</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0068.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">voiceless glottal fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>h</b>ouse</i> <code>[haUs]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>h\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɦ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0266.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">voiced glottal fricative</a></td> <td>Czech <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">hrad</i></span> <code>[h\rat]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>i</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0069.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">close front unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>b<b>e</b></i> <code>[bi:]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ou<b>i</b></i></span> <code>[wi]</code>, Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">s<b>i</b></i></span> <code>[si]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>j</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x006A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal approximant">palatal approximant</a></td> <td>English <i><b>y</b>es</i> <code>[jEs]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>y</b>eux</i></span> <code>[j2]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>j\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʝ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x029D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">voiced palatal fricative</a></td> <td>Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el"><b>γ</b>ειά</span></span> <code>[j\a]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>k</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x006B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">voiceless velar plosive</a></td> <td>English <i>s<b>k</b>ip</i> <code>[skIp]</code>, Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><b>c</b>arro</i></span> <code>["karo]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>l</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x006C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral approximant">alveolar lateral approximant</a></td> <td>English <i><b>l</b>ay</i> <code>[leI]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ma<b>l</b></i></span> <code>[mal]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>l`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɭ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x026D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex lateral approximant">retroflex lateral approximant</a></td> <td>Svealand Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">so<b>rl</b></i></span> <code>[so:l`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>l\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɺ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x027A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral flap">alveolar lateral flap</a></td> <td>Wayuu <span title="Wayuu-language text"><i lang="guc">püü<b>l</b>ükü</i></span> <code>[pM:l\MkM]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>m</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x006D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal">bilabial nasal</a></td> <td>English <i><b>m</b>ouse</i> <code>[maUs]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ho<b>mm</b>e</i></span> <code>[Om]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>n</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x006E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal">alveolar nasal</a></td> <td>English <i><b>n</b>ap</i> <code>[n{p]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>n</b>on</i></span> <code>[nO~]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>n`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɳ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0273.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal">retroflex nasal</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">hö<b>rn</b></i></span> <code>[h2:n`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>o</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x006F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">close-mid back rounded vowel</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">v<b>eau</b></i></span> <code>[vo]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>p</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0070.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">voiceless bilabial plosive</a></td> <td>English <i>s<b>p</b>eak</i> <code>[spik]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>p</b>ose</i></span> <code>[poz]</code>, Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><b>p</b>erro</i></span> <code>["pero]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>p\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɸ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0278.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">voiceless bilabial fricative</a></td> <td>Japanese <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><b>f</b>uku</i></span> <code>[p\M_0kM]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>q</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">q</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0071.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">voiceless uvular plosive</a></td> <td>Arabic <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><b>q</b>asbah</i></span> <code>["qQs_Gba]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>r</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0072.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">alveolar trill</a></td> <td>Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pe<b>rr</b>o</i></span> <code>["pero]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>r`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɽ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x027D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex flap">retroflex flap</a></td> <td>Bengali <span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">ga<b>r</b>i</i></span> <code>[gar`i:]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>r\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɹ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0279.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar approximant">alveolar approximant</a></td> <td>English <i><b>r</b>ed</i> <code>[r\Ed]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>r\`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x027B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex approximant">retroflex approximant</a></td> <td>Malayalam <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">വഴി</span></span> <code>["v@r\`i]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>s</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0073.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">voiceless alveolar fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>s</b>eem</i> <code>[si:m]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>s</b>e<b>ss</b>ion</i></span> <code>[sE"sjO~]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>s`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʂ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0282.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">voiceless retroflex fricative</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">ma<b>rs</b></i></span> <code>[mas`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>s\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0255.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative</a></td> <td>Polish <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><b>ś</b>wierszcz</i></span> <code>[s\v'ers`ts`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>t</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0074.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">voiceless alveolar plosive</a></td> <td>English <i>s<b>t</b>ew</i> <code>[stju:]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ra<b>t</b>é</i></span> <code>[Ra"te]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>t`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0288.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">voiceless retroflex plosive</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">mö<b>rt</b></i></span> <code>[m2t`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>u</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0075.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">close back rounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>b<b>oo</b>m</i> <code>[bu:m]</code>, Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">s<b>u</b></i></span> <code>[su]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>v</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">v</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0076.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">voiced labiodental fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>v</b>est</i> <code>[vEst]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>v</b>oix</i></span> <code>[vwa]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>v\</code> (or <code>P</code>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʋ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental approximant">labiodental approximant</a></td> <td>Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><b>w</b>est</i></span> <code>[v\Est]</code>/<code>[PEst]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>w</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0077.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labial-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial-velar approximant">labial-velar approximant</a></td> <td>English <i><b>w</b>est</i> <code>[wEst]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>ou</b>i</i></span> <code>[wi]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>x</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">x</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0078.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">voiceless velar fricative</a></td> <td>Scots <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">lo<b>ch</b></i></span> <code>[lOx]</code> or <code>[5Ox]</code>; German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bu<b>ch</b></i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Da<b>ch</b></i></span>; Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ca<b>j</b>a</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><b>g</b>estión</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>x\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɧ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0267.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal-velar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palatal-velar fricative">voiceless palatal-velar fricative</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><b>sj</b>al</i></span> <code>[x\A:l]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>y</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">y</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0079.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">close front rounded vowel</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">t<b>u</b></i></span> <code>[ty]</code> German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>ü</b>ber</i></span> <code>["y:b6]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>z</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">z</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x007A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">voiced alveolar fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>z</b>oo</i> <code>[zu:]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">a<b>z</b>ote</i></span> <code>[a"zOt]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>z`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʐ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">voiced retroflex fricative</a></td> <td>Mandarin Chinese <span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn"><b>r</b>ang</i></span> <code>[z`aN]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>z\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0291.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">voiced alveolo-palatal fricative</a></td> <td>Polish <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><b>ź</b>rebak</i></span> <code>["z\rEbak]</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_symbols">Capital symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Capital symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>X-SAMPA</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>IPA image</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td><code><span title="undetermined-language text"><span lang="und-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">A</span></span></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0251.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">open back unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>f<b>a</b>ther</i> [<code>"fA:D@</code>(<code>r\</code>)] (RP and Gen.Am.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>B</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">β</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x03B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">voiced bilabial fricative</a></td> <td>Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">la<b>v</b>ar</i></span> <code>[la"Ba4]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>B\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʙ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0299.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial trill">bilabial trill</a></td> <td>Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr") </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>C</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ç</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">voiceless palatal fricative</a></td> <td>German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">i<b>ch</b></i></span> <code>[IC]</code>, English <i><b>h</b>uman</i> <code>["Cjum@n]</code> (broad transcription uses [<code>hj</code>-]) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>D</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ð</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x00F0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">voiced dental fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>th</b>en</i> <code>[DEn]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>E</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x025B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">open-mid front unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">m<b>ê</b>me</i></span> <code>[mE:m]</code>, English <i>m<b>e</b>t</i> <code>[mEt]</code> (RP and Gen.Am.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>F</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɱ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0271.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental nasal">labiodental nasal</a></td> <td>English <i>e<b>m</b>phasis</i> <code>["EFf@sIs]</code> (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [<code>Emf</code>-]) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>G</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0263.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a></td> <td>Greek <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el"><b>γ</b>ωνία</span></span> <code>[Go"nia]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>G\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɢ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0262.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">voiced uvular plosive</a></td> <td>Inuktitut <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">ni<b>r</b>ivvik</i></span> <code>[niG\ivvik]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>G\_<</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʛ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x029B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">voiced uvular implosive</a></td> <td>Mam <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʛa</span> [<code>G\_<a</code>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>H</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɥ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0265.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labial-palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial-palatal approximant">labial-palatal approximant</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">h<b>u</b>it</i></span> <code>[Hit]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>H\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʜ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x029C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless epiglottal fricative">voiceless epiglottal fricative</a></td> <td>Agul <span title="Aghul-language text"><span lang="agx">ме<b>хӀ</b></span></span> <code>[mEH\]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>I</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɪ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x026A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_front_unrounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close front unrounded vowel">near-close front unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>k<b>i</b>t</i> <code>[kIt]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>I\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ᵻ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D7B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_central_unrounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close central unrounded vowel">near-close central unrounded vowel</a> (non-IPA)</td> <td>Polish <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">r<b>y</b>ba</i></span> <code>[rI\bA]</code>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>J</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0272.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a></td> <td>Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">a<b>ñ</b>o</i></span> <code>["aJo]</code>, English <i>ca<b>ny</b>on</i> <code>["k{J@n]</code> (broad transcription uses [-<code>nj</code>-]) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>J\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɟ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x025F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">voiced palatal plosive</a></td> <td>Hungarian <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">e<b>gy</b></i></span> <code>[EJ\]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>J\_<</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʄ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0284.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">voiced palatal implosive</a></td> <td>Sindhi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʄaro</span> [<code>J\_<aro</code>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>K</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɬ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</a></td> <td>Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><b>ll</b>aw</i></span> <code>[KaU]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>K\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɮ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x026E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">voiced alveolar lateral fricative</a></td> <td>Mongolian <span title="Mongolian-language text"><span lang="mn">до<b>л</b>оо</span></span> <code>[tOK\O:]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>L</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʎ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal lateral approximant">palatal lateral approximant</a></td> <td>Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">fami<b>gli</b>a</i></span> <code>[fa"miLLa]</code>, Castilian: <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><b>ll</b>amar</i></span> <code>[La"mar]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>L\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʟ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x029F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar lateral approximant">velar lateral approximant</a></td> <td>Korean <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko"><b>달</b>구지</span></span> <code>[t6L\gudz\i]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>M</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x026F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">close back unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>Korean <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko"><b>음</b>식</span></span> <code>[M:ms\_hik_}]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>M\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɰ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0270.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar approximant">velar approximant</a></td> <td>Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">fue<b>g</b>o</i></span> <code>["fweM\o]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>N</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x014B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a></td> <td>English <i>thi<b>ng</b></i> <code>[TIN]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>N\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɴ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0274.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uvular_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular nasal">uvular nasal</a></td> <td>Japanese <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">さ<b>ん</b></span></span> <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sa<b>n</b></i></span> <code>[saN\]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>O</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0254.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">open-mid back rounded vowel</a></td> <td>American English <i><b>o</b>ff</i> <code>[O:f]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>O\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʘ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0298.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_click" title="Bilabial click">bilabial click</a></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>P</code> (or <code>v\</code>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʋ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental approximant">labiodental approximant</a></td> <td>Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><b>w</b>est</i></span> <code>[PEst]</code>/<code>[v\Est]</code>, allophone of English phoneme <code>/r\/</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>Q</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0252.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">open back rounded vowel</a></td> <td>RP <i>l<b>o</b>t</i> <code>[lQt]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>R</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʁ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0281.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">voiced uvular fricative</a></td> <td>German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>r</b>ein</i></span> <code>[RaIn]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>R\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʀ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0280.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uvular_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular trill">uvular trill</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>r</b>oi</i></span> <code>[R\wa]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>S</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0283.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">voiceless postalveolar fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>sh</b>ip</i> <code>[SIp]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>T</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">θ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x03B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">voiceless dental fricative</a></td> <td>English <i><b>th</b>in</i> <code>[TIn]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>U</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʊ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_back_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close back rounded vowel">near-close back rounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>f<b>oo</b>t</i> <code>[fUt]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>U\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ᵿ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x1D7F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_central_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close central rounded vowel">near-close central rounded vowel</a> (non-IPA)</td> <td>English <i>e<b>u</b>phoria</i> <code>[jU\"fO@r\i@]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>V</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʌ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">open-mid back unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>Scottish English <i>str<b>u</b>t</i> <code>[str\Vt]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>W</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʍ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial-velar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless labial-velar fricative">voiceless labial-velar fricative</a></td> <td>Scots <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco"><b>wh</b>en</i></span> <code>[WEn]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>X</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x03C7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">voiceless uvular fricative</a></td> <td>Klallam <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sχaʔqʷaʔ</span> <code>[sXa?q_wa?]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>X\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ħ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0127.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">voiceless pharyngeal fricative</a></td> <td>Arabic <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ح</span></span> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><b>ḥ</b>āʾ</i></span> <code>[X\A:]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>Y</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʏ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x028F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-close_front_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close front rounded vowel">near-close front rounded vowel</a></td> <td>German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">h<b>ü</b>bsch</i></span> <code>[hYpS]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>Z</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0292.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">voiced postalveolar fricative</a></td> <td>English <i>vi<b>s</b>ion</i> <code>["vIZ@n]</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_symbols">Other symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>X-SAMPA</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>IPA image</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>.</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">.</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x002E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Unicode_0x002E.svg/20px-Unicode_0x002E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Unicode_0x002E.svg/30px-Unicode_0x002E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Unicode_0x002E.svg/40px-Unicode_0x002E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>syllable break</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>"</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˈ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>primary <a href="/wiki/Lexical_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexical stress">stress</a></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>%</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˌ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02CC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">secondary stress</a></td> <td>American English <i>pro<b>nun</b>ciation</i> <code>[pr\@%nVn.si."eI.S@n]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>'</code> (or <code>_j</code>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʲ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a></td> <td>Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Земля</span></span> (Earth) <code>[z'I"ml'a]</code> or <code>[z_jI"ml_ja]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>:</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ː</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Length_sign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/20px-Length_sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/30px-Length_sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Length_sign.svg/40px-Length_sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>long</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>:\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˑ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02D1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>half long</td> <td>Estonian differentiates three <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel lengths</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>-</code></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>separator</td> <td>Polish <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><b>trz</b>y</i></span> <code>[t-S1]</code> vs. <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><b>cz</b>y</i></span> <code>[tS1]</code> (affricate) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>@</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0259.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a></td> <td>English <i><b>a</b>ren<b>a</b></i> <code>[@"r\i:n@]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>@\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɘ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0258.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">close-mid central unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>Paicĩ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kɘ̄ɾɘ</span> <code>[k@\_M4@\_M]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>@`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɚ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x025A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">r-coloured schwa</a></td> <td>American English <i>col<b>or</b></i> <code>["kVl@`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">near-open front unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>tr<b>a</b>p</i> <code>[tr\{p]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>}</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʉ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0289.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">close central rounded vowel</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">sj<b>u</b></i></span> <code>[x\}:]</code>; AuE/NZE <i>b<b>oo</b>t</i> <code>[b}:t]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>1</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɨ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0268.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">close central unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">t<b>u</b></i></span> <code>[t1]</code>, American English <i>ros<b>e</b><span class="nowrap">'</span>s</i> <code>["r\oUz1z]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>2</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ø</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x00F8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">close-mid front rounded vowel</a></td> <td>Danish <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">købe</i></span> <code>["k2:b@]</code>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">d<b>eu</b>x</i></span> <code>[d2]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>3</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɜ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x025C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">open-mid central unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>English <i>n<b>ur</b>se</i> <code>[n3:s]</code> (RP) or <code>[n3`s]</code> (Gen.Am.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>3\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɞ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x025E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">open-mid central rounded vowel</a></td> <td>Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">t<b>omha</b>il</i></span> <code>[t3\:l']</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>4</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x027E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar flap">alveolar flap</a></td> <td>Spanish <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pe<b>r</b>o</i></span> <code>["pe4o]</code>, American English <i>be<b>tt</b>er</i> <code>["bE4@`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>5</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɫ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">velarized alveolar lateral approximant</a>; also see <code>_e</code></td> <td>English <i>mi<b>l</b>k</i> <code>[mI5k]</code>, Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><b>l</b>ivro</i></span> <code>["5iv4u]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>6</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɐ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0250.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">near-open central vowel</a></td> <td>German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">bess<b>er</b></i></span> <code>["bEs6]</code>, Australian English <i>m<b>u</b>d</i> <code>[m6d]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>7</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɤ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0264.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">close-mid back unrounded vowel</a></td> <td>Estonian <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">k<b>õ</b>ik</i></span> <code>[k7ik]</code>, Vietnamese <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">m<b>ơ</b></i></span> <code>[m7_M]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>8</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɵ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0275.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">close-mid central rounded vowel</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">b<b>u</b>ss</i></span> <code>[b8s]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>9</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">œ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0153.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">open-mid front rounded vowel</a></td> <td>French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">n<b>eu</b>f</i></span> <code>[n9f]</code>, Danish <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">dr<b>ø</b>mme</i></span> <code>[dR9m@]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɶ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0276.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">open front rounded vowel</a></td> <td>Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">sk<b>ö</b>rd</i></span> <code>[x\&d`]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>?</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0294.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a></td> <td>Cockney English <i>bo<b>tt</b>le</i> <code>["bQ?o]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>?\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʕ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0295.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">voiced pharyngeal fricative</a></td> <td>Arabic <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ع</span></span> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><b>ʿ</b>ayn</i></span> <code>[?\Ajn]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>*</code></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>/</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x002F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Unicode_0x002F.svg/20px-Unicode_0x002F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Unicode_0x002F.svg/30px-Unicode_0x002F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Unicode_0x002F.svg/40px-Unicode_0x002F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>(a) French vowel <a href="/wiki/Archiphoneme" class="mw-redirect" title="Archiphoneme">archiphonemes</a> or indeterminacies<br />(b) delimiter of <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> transcriptions</td> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">m<b>ai</b>son</i></span> <code>/mE/zO~/</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">⟨</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x27E8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Unicode_0x27E8.svg/20px-Unicode_0x27E8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Unicode_0x27E8.svg/30px-Unicode_0x27E8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Unicode_0x27E8.svg/40px-Unicode_0x27E8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>begin nonsegmental notation, e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=SAMPROSA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAMPROSA (page does not exist)">SAMPROSA</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʢ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced epiglottal fricative">voiced epiglottal fricative</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siwi_language" title="Siwi language">Siwi</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="siz-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">arˤbˤə<b>ʢ</b>a</span> (four) <code>[ar_?\b_?\@<\a]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">⟩</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x27E9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Unicode_0x27E9.svg/20px-Unicode_0x27E9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Unicode_0x27E9.svg/30px-Unicode_0x27E9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Unicode_0x27E9.svg/40px-Unicode_0x27E9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>end nonsegmental notation</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>>\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʡ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">epiglottal plosive</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archi_language" title="Archi language">Archi</a> гӀарз (complaint) <code>[>\arz]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>^</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ꜛ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0xA71B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Unicode_0xA71B.svg/20px-Unicode_0xA71B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Unicode_0xA71B.svg/30px-Unicode_0xA71B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Unicode_0xA71B.svg/40px-Unicode_0xA71B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upstep_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Upstep (phonetics)">upstep</a></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>!</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ꜜ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0xA71C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Unicode_0xA71C.svg/20px-Unicode_0xA71C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Unicode_0xA71C.svg/30px-Unicode_0xA71C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Unicode_0xA71C.svg/40px-Unicode_0xA71C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Downstep_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Downstep (phonetics)">downstep</a></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>!\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ǃ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Postalveolar click">postalveolar click</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">i<b>q</b>a<b>q</b>a</i></span> (polecat) <code>[i:!\a:!\a]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>|</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">|</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x007C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>minor (foot) group</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>|\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ǀ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C0_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_click" title="Dental click">dental click</a></td> <td>Zulu <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">i<b>c</b>i<b>c</b>i</i></span> (earring) <code> [i:|\i:|\i] </code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>||</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">‖</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>major (intonation) group</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>|\|\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ǁ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C1_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral click">alveolar lateral click</a></td> <td>Zulu <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu"><b>x</b>o<b>x</b>a</i></span> (to converse) <code>[|\|\O:|\|\a]</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>=\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ǂ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x01C2_alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatal_click" title="Palatal click">palatal click</a></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>-\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">‿</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x203F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaison_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison (linguistics)">linking mark</a></td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacritics">Diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>X-SAMPA</th> <th>IPA</th> <th>IPA image</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><code><span title="undetermined-language text"><span lang="und-fonxsamp" style="font-style: normal;">_"</span></span></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̈</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0308.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centralization_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization (phonetics)">centralized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_+</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̟</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x031F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced (phonetics)">advanced</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_-</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̠</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0320.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retracted_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retracted (phonetics)">retracted</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_/</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̌</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>rising tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_0</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̥</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0325.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless consonant">voiceless</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_<</code></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">implosive</a> (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>=</code> (or <code>_=</code>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̩</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0329.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>syllabic </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʼ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02BC_on_ring.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_?\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˤ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02C1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngealisation">pharyngealized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_\</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̂</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>falling tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_^</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̯</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x032F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>non-syllabic </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_}</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̚</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x031A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">no audible release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>`</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> ˞</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02DE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">rhotacization</a> in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see <code>t`</code> for an example) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>~</code> (or <code>_~</code>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̃</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0303.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_A</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̘</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0318.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_tongue_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced tongue root">advanced tongue root</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_a</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̺</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x033A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_B</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̏</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x030F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>extra low tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_B_L</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> ᷅</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>low rising tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_c</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̜</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x031C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>less rounded </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_d</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̪</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x032A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_e</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̴</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0334.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>velarized or pharyngealized; also see <code>5</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><F></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">↘</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg/20px-IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg/30px-IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg/40px-IPA_global_decrease_from_Gentium_ancora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)" title="Intonation (linguistics)">global fall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_F</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̂</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0302.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>falling tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_G</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˠ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02E0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">velarized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_H</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>́</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0301.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>high tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_H_T</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> ᷄</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>high rising tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_h</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʰ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_j</code> (or <code>'</code>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʲ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_k</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̰</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0330.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">creaky voice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_L</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̀</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0300.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>low tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_l</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˡ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02E1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">lateral release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_M</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̄</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0304.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>mid tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_m</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̻</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x033B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_N</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̼</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x033C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">linguolabial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_n</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ⁿ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x207F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasal_release" title="Nasal release">nasal release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_O</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̹</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0339.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">more rounded</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_o</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̞</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x031E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Raised_and_lowered" title="Relative articulation">lowered</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_q</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̙</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0319.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retracted_tongue_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Retracted tongue root">retracted tongue root</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><R></code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">↗</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg/20px-IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg/30px-IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg/40px-IPA_global_increase_from_Gentium_ancora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)" title="Intonation (linguistics)">global rise</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_R</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̌</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x030C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>rising tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_R_F</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> ᷈</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x1DC8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>rising falling tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_r</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̝</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x031D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Raised_and_lowered" title="Relative articulation">raised</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_T</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̋</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x030B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>extra high tone </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_t</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̤</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0324.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">breathy voice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_v</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̬</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x032C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_w</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʷ</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x02B7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialisation">labialized</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_X</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̆</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x0306.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>extra-short </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>_x</code></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> <span class="wrap"> </span>̽</span></td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg/20px-IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg/30px-IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg/40px-IPA_Unicode_0x033D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td> <td>mid-centralized </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charts">Charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="17">Consonants (pulmonic) </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em;"> <th style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place of articulation</a> → </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em;"> <th style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner of articulation</a> ↓ </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labio‐<br />dental</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post‐<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retro‐<br />flex</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyn‐<br />geal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal consonant">Epi‐<br />glottal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="width: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal"><code>m</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental nasal"><code>F</code></a> </td> <td colspan="3">   <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal"><code>n</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal"><code>n`</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal"><code>J</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal"><code>N</code></a> </td> <td colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Uvular_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular nasal"><code>N\</code></a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosive</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive"><code>p</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive"><code>b</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive"><code>p_d</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive"><code>b_d</code></a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive"><code>t</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive"><code>d</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive"><code>t`</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive"><code>d`</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive"><code>c</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive"><code>J\</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive"><code>k</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive"><code>g</code></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive"><code>q</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive"><code>G\</code></a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive"><code>>\</code></a> </td> <td style="width: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop"><code>?</code></a> </td> <td style="width: 1em; background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative"><code>p\</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative"><code>B</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative"><code>f</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative"><code>v</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative"><code>T</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative"><code>D</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative"><code>s</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative"><code>z</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative"><code>S</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative"><code>Z</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative"><code>s`</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative"><code>z`</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative"><code>C</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative"><code>j\</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative"><code>x</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative"><code>G</code></a> </td> <td style="width: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative"><code>X</code></a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative"><code>R</code></a> </td> <td style="width: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative"><code>X\</code></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative"><code>?\</code></a> </td> <td style="width: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless epiglottal fricative"><code>H\</code></a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced epiglottal fricative"><code><\</code></a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative"><code>h</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative"><code>h\</code></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial approximant"><code>B_o</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental approximant"><code>v\</code></a> </td> <td colspan="3">   <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar approximant"><code>r\</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex approximant"><code>r\`</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal approximant"><code>j</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar approximant"><code>M\</code></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial trill"><code>B\</code></a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">   <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill"><code>r</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex trill">*</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Uvular_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular trill"><code>R\</code></a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal trill">*</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Tap or Flap</a> </th> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial flap">*</a><sup>†</sup> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental flap">*</a><sup>†</sup> </td> <td colspan="3">   <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar tap"><code>4</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex flap"><code>r`</code></a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal flap">*</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral Fricative</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative"><code>K</code></a> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative"><code>K\</code></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">*</a>    </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">*</a>    </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">*</a>    </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral Approximant</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="3">   <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral approximant"><code>l</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex lateral approximant"><code>l`</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal lateral approximant"><code>L</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar lateral approximant"><code>L\</code></a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral Flap</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td colspan="3">   <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral flap"><code>l\</code></a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex lateral flap">*</a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal lateral flap">*</a> </td> <td>   <a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar lateral flap">*</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Asterisks (*) mark sounds that do not have X-SAMPA symbols. Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Since April 2008, the latter is the case of the <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental flap">labiodental flap</a>, symbolized by a right-hook <i>v</i> in the IPA: <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0x0475.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Unicode_0x0475.svg/16px-Unicode_0x0475.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Unicode_0x0475.svg/24px-Unicode_0x0475.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Unicode_0x0475.svg/32px-Unicode_0x0475.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span>. A convention for the labiodental flap does not yet exist in X-SAMPA.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Coarticulated </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labio-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless labio-velar approximant"><code>W</code></a> </td> <td>Voiceless labialized velar approximant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Labial-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial-velar approximant"><code>w</code></a> </td> <td>Voiced labialized velar approximant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Labial-palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial-palatal approximant"><code>H</code></a> </td> <td>Voiced labialized palatal approximant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative"><code>s\</code></a> </td> <td>Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative"><code>z\</code></a> </td> <td>Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal-velar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palatal-velar fricative"><code>x\</code></a> </td> <td>Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Affricates and double articulation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate"><code>ts</code></a> </td> <td>voiceless alveolar affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate"><code>dz</code></a> </td> <td>voiced alveolar affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate"><code>tS</code></a> </td> <td>voiceless postalveolar affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate"><code>dZ</code></a> </td> <td>voiced postalveolar affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate"><code>ts\</code></a> </td> <td>voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate"><code>dz\</code></a> </td> <td>voiced alveolo-palatal affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate"><code>tK</code></a> </td> <td>voiceless alveolar lateral affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate"><code>dK\</code></a> </td> <td>voiced alveolar lateral affricate </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial-velar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless labial-velar plosive"><code>kp</code></a> </td> <td>voiceless labial-velar plosive </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial-velar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced labial-velar plosive"><code>gb</code></a> </td> <td>voiced labial-velar plosive </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Labial-velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial-velar nasal"><code>Nm</code></a> </td> <td>labial-velar nasal stop </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Consonants (non-pulmonic) </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Clicks</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosives</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejectives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_click" title="Bilabial click"><code>O\</code></a> </td> <td>Bilabial </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive"><code>b_<</code></a> </td> <td>Bilabial </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; width: 2em;"><code>_></code> </td> <td><i>For example:</i> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Dental_click" title="Dental click"><code>|\</code></a> </td> <td>Laminal alveolar ("dental") </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive"><code>d_<</code></a> </td> <td>Alveolar </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial ejective"><code>p_></code></a> </td> <td>Bilabial </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Postalveolar click"><code>!\</code></a> </td> <td>Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex") </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive"><code>J\_<</code></a> </td> <td>Palatal </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective"><code>t_></code></a> </td> <td>Alveolar </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_click" title="Palatal click"><code>=\</code></a> </td> <td>Laminal postalveolar ("palatal") </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive"><code>g_<</code></a> </td> <td>Velar </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar ejective"><code>k_></code></a> </td> <td>Velar </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral click"><code>|\|\</code></a> </td> <td>Lateral coronal ("lateral") </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive"><code>G\_<</code></a> </td> <td>Uvular </td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative"><code>s_></code></a> </td> <td>Alveolar fricative </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="background:transparent;"> <table class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"> <td> </td> <td style="width:60px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></b> </td> <td style="width:180px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a></b> </td> <td style="width:60px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a></b> </td> <td style="height:210px;" colspan="5" rowspan="7"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/300px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/450px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/600px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;"> <table style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel"><code>i</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel"><code>y</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:43.5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel"><code>1</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel"><code>}</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel"><code>M</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel"><code>u</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:29%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Near-close_front_unrounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close front unrounded vowel"><code>I</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Near-close_front_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close front rounded vowel"><code>Y</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:2.66em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Near-close_central_unrounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close central unrounded vowel"><code>I\</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Near-close_central_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close central rounded vowel"><code>U\</code></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69%; width: 1.5em; top: 16%; height: 1.33em; font-size: 120%; background: white;">• <a href="/wiki/Near-close_back_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-close back rounded vowel"><code>U</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel"><code>e</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel"><code>2</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:2.8em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel"><code>@\</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel"><code>8</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel"><code>7</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel"><code>o</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:15%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel"><code>e_o</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel"><code>2_o</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:57.5%; width:1em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel"><code>@</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:89%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> • <a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel"><code>o_o</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:29.5%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel"><code>E</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel"><code>9</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:57.6%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel"><code>3</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel"><code>3\</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:84.5%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel"><code>V</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel"><code>O</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:38%; width:1.66em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel"><code>{</code></a> •</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:64.2%; width:1em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel"><code>6</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel"><code>a</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel"><code>&</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:67%; width:1.33em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel"><code>a_"</code></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:83.8%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel"><code>A</code></a> • <a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel"><code>Q</code></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near‑close</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close‑mid</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open‑mid</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near‑open</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_phonetics_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of phonetics topics">List of phonetics topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a>, a language-specific predecessor of X-SAMPA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA_chart_for_English" title="SAMPA chart for English">SAMPA chart for English</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SAMPA-PDF-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAMPA-PDF_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells" class="citation web cs1">Wells, J.C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf">"Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UCL Phonetics and Linguistics</i>. University College London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCL+Phonetics+and+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Computer-coding+the+IPA%3A+a+proposed+extension+of+SAMPA&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fsampa%2Fipasam-x.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-SAMPA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IETF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IETF_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry">"Language Subtag Registry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(text)</span>. IETF. 2022-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language+Subtag+Registry&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Flanguage-subtag-registry%2Flanguage-subtag-registry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-SAMPA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a summary of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/SAMPROSA" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:SAMPROSA">SAMPROSA</a>, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1995" class="citation web cs1">Wells, J.C. (19 September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/samprosa.htm">"SAMPROSA (SAM Prosodic Transcription)"</a>. <i>UCL Phonetics and Linguistics</i>. University College London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCL+Phonetics+and+Linguistics&rft.atitle=SAMPROSA+%28SAM+Prosodic+Transcription%29&rft.date=1995-09-19&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fsampa%2Fsamprosa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-SAMPA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm">Computer-coding the IPA: A proposed extension of SAMPA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulgarlang.com/ipa-x-sampa-cxs-converter/">X-SAMPA to IPA to CXS converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/xsampa/">Web-based translator for X-SAMPA documents.</a> Produces Unicode text, XML text, PostScript, PDF, or LaTeX TIPA.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190919184818/http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA">Z-SAMPA</a>, a backward-compatible extension of X-SAMPA sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Conlang" class="mw-redirect" title="Conlang">conlangs</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_navigation" title="Template talk:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral approximant </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. <span style="display: inline-block;">Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Non-pulmonic consonants</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal ejective">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a><br />(top: velar;<br />bottom: uvular) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ<br />qʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ<br />qǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ<br />qǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊<br />q𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ<br />qǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ<br />ɢʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ<br />ɢǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ<br />ɢǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊<br />ɢ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ<br />ɢǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ<br />ɴʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ<br />ɴǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ<br />ɴǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊<br />ɴ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ<br />ɴǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a></span><br />  </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ<br />qǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Voiced lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ<br />ɢǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nasal lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ<br />ɴǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a> </th> <th scope="row">Voiced </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labio-palatalization" title="Labio-palatalization">Labial–palatal</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>Sj</i>-sound</a> (variable)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bidental_fricative" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><span class="IPA-vowels-image skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_vowels" title="Template:IPA vowels">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Legend: <a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded <span style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);">•</span> rounded</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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