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system</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: grey system"> <meta name="keywords" content="grey system"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="grey system"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17722</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: grey system</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17722</span> Analyzing the Results of Buildings Energy Audit by Using Grey Set Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tooraj%20Karimi">Tooraj Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Sadeghi%20Moghadam"> Mohammadreza Sadeghi Moghadam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Grey set theory has the advantage of using fewer data to analyze many factors, and it is therefore more appropriate for system study rather than traditional statistical regression which require massive data, normal distribution in the data and few variant factors. So, in this paper grey clustering and entropy of coefficient vector of grey evaluations are used to analyze energy consumption in buildings of the Oil Ministry in Tehran. In fact, this article intends to analyze the results of energy audit reports and defines most favorable characteristics of system, which is energy consumption of buildings, and most favorable factors affecting these characteristics in order to modify and improve them. According to the results of the model, ‘the real Building Load Coefficient’ has been selected as the most important system characteristic and ‘uncontrolled area of the building’ has been diagnosed as the most favorable factor which has the greatest effect on energy consumption of building. Grey clustering in this study has been used for two purposes: First, all the variables of building relate to energy audit cluster in two main groups of indicators and the number of variables is reduced. Second, grey clustering with variable weights has been used to classify all buildings in three categories named ‘no standard deviation’, ‘low standard deviation’ and ‘non- standard’. Entropy of coefficient vector of Grey evaluations is calculated to investigate greyness of results. It shows that among the 38 buildings surveyed in terms of energy consumption, 3 cases are in standard group, 24 cases are in ‘low standard deviation’ group and 11 buildings are completely non-standard. In addition, clustering greyness of 13 buildings is less than 0.5 and average uncertainly of clustering results is 66%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20audit" title="energy audit">energy audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20set%20theory" title=" grey set theory"> grey set theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20incidence%20matrixes" title=" grey incidence matrixes"> grey incidence matrixes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20clustering" title=" grey clustering"> grey clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran%20oil%20ministry" title=" Iran oil ministry"> Iran oil ministry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9423/analyzing-the-results-of-buildings-energy-audit-by-using-grey-set-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17721</span> Approved Cyclic Treatment System of Grey Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanen%20Filali">Hanen Filali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hachicha"> Mohamed Hachicha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Treated grey water (TGW) reuse emerged as an alternative resource to meet the growing demand for water for agricultural irrigation and reduce the pressure on limited existing fresh water. However, this reuse needs adapted management in order to avoid environmental and health risks. In this work, the treatment of grey water (GW) was studied from a cyclic treatment system that we designed and implemented in the greenhouse of National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF). This system is composed of three levels for treatment (TGW 1, TGW 2, and TGW 3). Each level includes a sandy soil box. The use of grey water was moderated depending on the chemical and microbiological quality obtained. Different samples of soils and treated grey water were performed and analyzed for 14 irrigation cycles. TGW through cyclic treatment showed physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) in the range of 7,35-7,91, 1,69-5,03 dS/m, 102,6-54,2 mgO2/l, and 31,33-15,74 mgO2/l, respectively. Results showed a reduction in the pollutant load with a significant effect on the three treatment levels; however, an increase in salinity was observed during all irrigation cycles. Microbiological results showed good grey water treatment with low health risk on irrigated soil. Treated water quality was below permissible Tunisian standards (NT106.03), and treated water is suitable for non-potable options. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20grey%20water" title="treated grey water">treated grey water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20treatment" title=" cyclic treatment"> cyclic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soils" title=" soils"> soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemical%20parameters" title=" physico-chemical parameters"> physico-chemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20parameters" title=" microbiological parameters"> microbiological parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155731/approved-cyclic-treatment-system-of-grey-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17720</span> Multi-Response Optimization of CNC Milling Parameters Using Taguchi Based Grey Relational Analysis for AA6061 T6 Aluminium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varsha%20Singh">Varsha Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishan%20Fuse"> Kishan Fuse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a study of the grey-Taguchi method to optimize CNC milling parameters of AA6061 T6 aluminium alloy. Grey-Taguchi method combines Taguchi method based design of experiments (DOE) with grey relational analysis (GRA). Multi-response optimization of different quality characteristics as surface roughness, material removal rate, cutting forces is done using grey relational analysis (GRA). The milling parameters considered for experiments include cutting speed, feed per tooth, and depth of cut. Each parameter with three levels is selected. A grey relational grade is used to estimate overall quality characteristics performance. The Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is used for design of experiments. MINITAB 17 software is used for optimization. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to identify most influencing parameter. The experimental results show that grey relational analysis is effective method for optimizing multi-response characteristics. Optimum results are finally validated by performing confirmation test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNC%20milling" title=" CNC milling"> CNC milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20relational%20analysis" title=" grey relational analysis"> grey relational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-response%20optimization" title=" multi-response optimization"> multi-response optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61719/multi-response-optimization-of-cnc-milling-parameters-using-taguchi-based-grey-relational-analysis-for-aa6061-t6-aluminium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17719</span> A New Model for Production Forecasting in ERP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20F.%20Wong">S. F. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20I.%20Ho"> W. I. Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lin"> B. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Huang"> Q. Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ERP has been used in many enterprises for management, the accuracy of the production forecasting module is vital to the decision making of the enterprise, and the profit is affected directly. Therefore, enhancing the accuracy of the production forecasting module can also increase the efficiency and profitability. To deal with a lot of data, a suitable, reliable and accurate statistics model is necessary. LSSVM and Grey System are two main models to be studied in this paper, and a case study is used to demonstrate how the combination model is effective to the result of forecasting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERP" title="ERP">ERP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20system" title=" grey system"> grey system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSSVM" title=" LSSVM"> LSSVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20forecasting" title=" production forecasting"> production forecasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3348/a-new-model-for-production-forecasting-in-erp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17718</span> Life Prediction Method of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Grey Support Vector Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaogang%20Li">Xiaogang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jieqiong%20Miao"> Jieqiong Miao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As for the problem of the grey forecasting model prediction accuracy is low, an improved grey prediction model is put forward. Firstly, use trigonometric function transform the original data sequence in order to improve the smoothness of data , this model called SGM( smoothness of grey prediction model), then combine the improved grey model with support vector machine , and put forward the grey support vector machine model (SGM - SVM).Before the establishment of the model, we use trigonometric functions and accumulation generation operation preprocessing data in order to enhance the smoothness of the data and weaken the randomness of the data, then use support vector machine (SVM) to establish a prediction model for pre-processed data and select model parameters using genetic algorithms to obtain the optimum value of the global search. Finally, restore data through the "regressive generate" operation to get forecasting data. In order to prove that the SGM-SVM model is superior to other models, we select the battery life data from calce. The presented model is used to predict life of battery and the predicted result was compared with that of grey model and support vector machines．For a more intuitive comparison of the three models, this paper presents root mean square error of this three different models .The results show that the effect of grey support vector machine (SGM-SVM) to predict life is optimal, and the root mean square error is only 3.18%. Keywords: grey forecasting model, trigonometric function, support vector machine, genetic algorithms, root mean square error <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20prediction%20model" title="Grey prediction model">Grey prediction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric%20functions" title=" trigonometric functions"> trigonometric functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machines" title=" support vector machines"> support vector machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithms" title=" genetic algorithms"> genetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20mean%20square%20error" title=" root mean square error"> root mean square error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29370/life-prediction-method-of-lithium-ion-battery-based-on-grey-support-vector-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17717</span> Multistage Data Envelopment Analysis Model for Malmquist Productivity Index Using Grey's System Theory to Evaluate Performance of Electric Power Supply Chain in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesbaholdin%20Salami">Mesbaholdin Salami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Movahedi%20Sobhani"> Farzad Movahedi Sobhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sadegh%20Ghazizadeh"> Mohammad Sadegh Ghazizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluation of organizational performance is among the most important measures that help organizations and entities continuously improve their efficiency. Organizations can use the existing data and results from the comparison of units under investigation to obtain an estimation of their performance. The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is an important index in the evaluation of overall productivity, which considers technological developments and technical efficiency at the same time. This article proposed a model based on the multistage MPI, considering limited data (Grey’s theory). This model can evaluate the performance of units using limited and uncertain data in a multistage process. It was applied by the electricity market manager to Iran’s electric power supply chain (EPSC), which contains uncertain data, to evaluate the performance of its actors. Results from solving the model showed an improvement in the accuracy of future performance of the units under investigation, using the Grey’s system theory. This model can be used in all case studies, in which MPI is used and there are limited or uncertain data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malmquist%20Index" title="Malmquist Index">Malmquist Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%27s%20Theory" title=" Grey's Theory"> Grey's Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCR%20Model" title=" CCR Model"> CCR Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20data%20envelopment%20analysis" title=" network data envelopment analysis"> network data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran%20electricity%20power%20chain" title=" Iran electricity power chain"> Iran electricity power chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102411/multistage-data-envelopment-analysis-model-for-malmquist-productivity-index-using-greys-system-theory-to-evaluate-performance-of-electric-power-supply-chain-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17716</span> Implementation of a Photo-Curable 3D Additive Manufacturing Technology with Grey Capability by Using Piezo Ink-jets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Jong%20Tsai">Ming-Jong Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20L.%20Cheng"> Y. L. Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20L.%20Kuo"> Y. L. Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Y.%20Hsiao"> S. Y. Hsiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20W.%20Chen"> J. W. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20Liu"> P. H. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20H.%20Chen"> D. H. Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 3D printing is a combination of digital technology, material science, intelligent manufacturing and control of opto-mechatronics systems. It is called the third industrial revolution from the view of the Economist Journal. A color 3D printing machine may provide the necessary support for high value-added industrial and commercial design, architectural design, personal boutique, and 3D artist’s creation. The main goal of this paper is to develop photo-curable color 3D manufacturing technology and system implementation. The key technologies include (1) Photo-curable color 3D additive manufacturing processes development and materials research (2) Piezo type ink-jet head control and Opto-mechatronics integration technique of the photo-curable color 3D laminated manufacturing system. The proposed system is integrated with single Piezo type ink-jet head with two individual channels for two primary UV light curable color resins which can provide for future colorful 3D printing solutions. The main research results are 16 grey levels and grey resolution of 75 dpi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color" title=" color"> color</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-curable" title=" photo-curable"> photo-curable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piezo%20type%20ink-jet" title=" Piezo type ink-jet"> Piezo type ink-jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20Resin" title=" UV Resin "> UV Resin </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24597/implementation-of-a-photo-curable-3d-additive-manufacturing-technology-with-grey-capability-by-using-piezo-ink-jets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17715</span> Greywater Water Reuse in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyeka%20Nkwonta">Onyeka Nkwonta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Iheukwumere"> Christopher Iheukwumere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is a waste to irrigate with great quantities of drinking water when plants thrive on used water containing small bits of compost. Unlike a lot of ecological stopgap measures, greywater reuse is a part of the fundamental solution to many ecological problems and will probably remain essentially unchanged in the distant future. Water is abused and wasted by both the wealthy and the poor. Education about water conservation is also needed. This study gives an outline of the sources of grey water in our home and provides a process of creating awareness on the importance of re-using grey water in our home, in order to achieve the 7th aim of the millennium development goals by 2015, which is ensuring environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tickling%20filter" title="tickling filter">tickling filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20water" title=" grey water"> grey water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62636/greywater-water-reuse-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17714</span> Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters in Machining AISI D3 Tool Steel by Grey Relational Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Othman%20Mohamed%20Altheni">Othman Mohamed Altheni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahman%20Abusaada"> Abdurrahman Abusaada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents optimization of multiple performance characteristics [material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and overcut (OC)] of hardened AISI D3 tool steel in electrical discharge machining (EDM) using Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis. Machining process parameters selected were pulsed current Ip, pulse-on time Ton, pulse-off time Toff and gap voltage Vg. Based on ANOVA, pulse current is found to be the most significant factor affecting EDM process. Optimized process parameters are simultaneously leading to a higher MRR, lower Ra, and lower OC are then verified through a confirmation experiment. Validation experiment shows an improved MRR, Ra and OC when Taguchi method and grey relational analysis were used <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edm%20parameters" title="edm parameters">edm parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20relational%20analysis" title=" grey relational analysis"> grey relational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52166/optimization-of-electrical-discharge-machining-parameters-in-machining-aisi-d3-tool-steel-by-grey-relational-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17713</span> Grey Prediction of Atmospheric Pollutants in Shanghai Based on GM(1,1) Model Group</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diqin%20Qi">Diqin Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaming%20Li"> Jiaming Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siman%20Li"> Siman Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the use of the three-point smoothing method for selectively processing original data columns, this paper establishes a group of grey GM(1,1) models to predict the concentration ranges of four major air pollutants in Shanghai from 2023 to 2024. The results indicate that PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂ maintain the national Grade I standards, while the concentration of PM₂.₅ has decreased but still remains within the national Grade II standards. Combining the forecast results, recommendations are provided for the Shanghai municipal government's efforts in air pollution prevention and control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20pollutant%20prediction" title="atmospheric pollutant prediction">atmospheric pollutant prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20GM%281" title=" Grey GM(1"> Grey GM(1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%29" title=" 1)"> 1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20group" title=" model group"> model group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-point%20smoothing%20method" title=" three-point smoothing method"> three-point smoothing method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185942/grey-prediction-of-atmospheric-pollutants-in-shanghai-based-on-gm11-model-group" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17712</span> A Constructed Wetland as a Reliable Method for Grey Wastewater Treatment in Rwanda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Bizimana">Hussein Bizimana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20S%C3%B6nmez"> Osman Sönmez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Constructed wetlands are current the most widely recognized waste water treatment option, especially in developing countries where they have the potential for improving water quality and creating valuable wildlife habitat in ecosystem with treatment requirement relatively simple for operation and maintenance cost. Lack of grey waste water treatment facilities in Kigali İnstitute of Science and Technology in Rwanda, causes pollution in the surrounding localities of Rugunga sector, where already a problem of poor sanitation is found. In order to treat grey water produced at Kigali İnstitute of Science and Technology, with high BOD concentration, high nutrients concentration and high alkalinity; a Horizontal Sub-surface Flow pilot-scale constructed wetland was designed and can operate in Kigali İnstitute of Science and Technology. The study was carried out in a sedimentation tank of 5.5 m x 1.42 m x 1.2 m deep and a Horizontal Sub-surface constructed wetland of 4.5 m x 2.5 m x 1.42 m deep. The grey waste water flow rate of 2.5 m3/d flew through vegetated wetland and sandy pilot plant. The filter media consisted of 0.6 to 2 mm of coarse sand, 0.00003472 m/s of hydraulic conductivity and cattails (Typha latifolia spp) were used as plants species. The effluent flow rate of the plant is designed to be 1.5 m3/ day and the retention time will be 24 hrs. 72% to 79% of BOD, COD, and TSS removals are estimated to be achieved, while the nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphate) removal is estimated to be in the range of 34% to 53%. Every effluent characteristic will meet exactly the Rwanda Utility Regulatory Agency guidelines primarily because the retention time allowed is enough to make the reduction of contaminants within effluent raw waste water. Treated water reuse system was developed where water will be used in the campus irrigation system again. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructed%20wetlands" title="constructed wetlands">constructed wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20waste%20water" title=" grey waste water"> grey waste water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattails" title=" cattails"> cattails</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25908/a-constructed-wetland-as-a-reliable-method-for-grey-wastewater-treatment-in-rwanda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17711</span> Development of Imprinting and Replica Molding of Soft Mold Curved Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Jin%20Weng">Yung-Jin Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chi%20Chang"> Chia-Chi Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Yu%20Tsai"> Chun-Yu Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is focused on the research of imprinting and replica molding of quasi-grey scale soft mold curved surface microstructure mold. In this paper, a magnetic photocuring forming system is first developed and built independently, then the magnetic curved surface microstructure soft mode is created; moreover, the magnetic performance of the magnetic curved surface at different heights is tested and recorded, and through experimentation and simulation, the magnetic curved surface microstructure soft mold is used in the research of quasi-grey scale soft mold curved surface microstructure imprinting and replica molding. The experimental results show that, under different surface curvatures and voltage control conditions, different quasi-grey scale array microstructures take shape. In addition, this paper conducts research on the imprinting and replica molding of photoresist composite magnetic powder in order to discuss the forming performance of magnetic photoresist, and finally, the experimental result is compared with the simulation to obtain more accurate prediction and results. This research is predicted to provide microstructure component preparation technology with heterogeneity and controllability, and is a kind of valid shaping quasi-grey scale microstructure manufacturing technology method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20mold" title="soft mold">soft mold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20surface" title=" curved surface"> curved surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63938/development-of-imprinting-and-replica-molding-of-soft-mold-curved-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17710</span> An Image Processing Scheme for Skin Fungal Disease Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20M.%20A.%20S.%20S.%20Perera">A. A. M. A. S. S. Perera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20A.%20Ranasinghe"> L. A. Ranasinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20H.%20Nimeshika"> T. K. H. Nimeshika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Dhanushka%20Dissanayake"> D. M. Dhanushka Dissanayake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namalie%20Walgampaya"> Namalie Walgampaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, skin fungal diseases are mostly found in people of tropical countries like Sri Lanka. A skin fungal disease is a particular kind of illness caused by fungus. These diseases have various dangerous effects on the skin and keep on spreading over time. It becomes important to identify these diseases at their initial stage to control it from spreading. This paper presents an automated skin fungal disease identification system implemented to speed up the diagnosis process by identifying skin fungal infections in digital images. An image of the diseased skin lesion is acquired and a comprehensive computer vision and image processing scheme is used to process the image for the disease identification. This includes colour analysis using RGB and HSV colour models, texture classification using Grey Level Run Length Matrix, Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and Local Binary Pattern, Object detection, Shape Identification and many more. This paper presents the approach and its outcome for identification of four most common skin fungal infections, namely, Tinea Corporis, Sporotrichosis, Malassezia and Onychomycosis. The main intention of this research is to provide an automated skin fungal disease identification system that increase the diagnostic quality, shorten the time-to-diagnosis and improve the efficiency of detection and successful treatment for skin fungal diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Circularity%20Index" title="Circularity Index">Circularity Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20Level%20Run%20Length%20Matrix" title=" Grey Level Run Length Matrix"> Grey Level Run Length Matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20Level%20Co-Occurrence%20Matrix" title=" Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix"> Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Local%20Binary%20Pattern" title=" Local Binary Pattern"> Local Binary Pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Object%20detection" title=" Object detection"> Object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ring%20Detection" title=" Ring Detection"> Ring Detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shape%20Identification" title=" Shape Identification"> Shape Identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82490/an-image-processing-scheme-for-skin-fungal-disease-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17709</span> Multi Response Optimization in Drilling Al6063/SiC/15% Metal Matrix Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Singh">Hari Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kamboj"> Abhishek Kamboj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kumar"> Sudhir Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This investigation proposes a grey-based Taguchi method to solve the multi-response problems. The grey-based Taguchi method is based on the Taguchi’s design of experimental method, and adopts Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to transfer multi-response problems into single-response problems. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to optimize the drilling process parameters considering weighted output response characteristics using grey relational analysis. The output response characteristics considered are surface roughness, burr height and hole diameter error under the experimental conditions of cutting speed, feed rate, step angle, and cutting environment. The drilling experiments were conducted using L27 orthogonal array. A combination of orthogonal array, design of experiments and grey relational analysis was used to ascertain best possible drilling process parameters that give minimum surface roughness, burr height and hole diameter error. The results reveal that combination of Taguchi design of experiment and grey relational analysis improves surface quality of drilled hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composite" title="metal matrix composite">metal matrix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step%20drill" title=" step drill"> step drill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burr%20height" title=" burr height"> burr height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20diameter%20error" title=" hole diameter error"> hole diameter error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5901/multi-response-optimization-in-drilling-al6063sic15-metal-matrix-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17708</span> Effects of Plumage Colour on Measurable Attributes of Indigenous Chickens in North Central Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20J.%20Okoh">Joseph J. Okoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20T.%20Mbap"> Samuel T. Mbap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Ibrahim"> Tahir Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20P.%20Mancha"> Yusuf P. Mancha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of plumage colour on measurable attributes of 6176 adult indigenous chickens of mixed-sex from four states of the North Central Zone of Nigeria namely; Nasarawa, Niger, Benue, Kogi and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja were assessed. The overall average body weight of the chickens was 1.95 ± 0.03kg. The body weights of black, white, black/white, brown, black/brown, grey and mottled chicken however were 1.87 ± 0.04, 1.94 ± 0.04, 1.95 ± 0.03, 1.93 ± 0.03, 2.01 ± 0.04, 1.96 ± 0.04 and 1.94±0.14kg respectively. Only body length did not vary by plumage colour. The others; body weight and width, shank, comb and breast length, breast height (p < 0.001), beak and wing lengths (p < 0.001) varied significantly. Generally, no colour was outrightly superior to others in all body measurements. However, body weight and breast height were both highest in black/brown chickens which also had the second highest breast length. Body width, shank, beak, comb and wing lengths were highest in grey chickens but lowest in those with white colour and combinations. Egg quality was on the other hand mostly lowest in grey chickens. In selection for genetic improvement in body measurements, black/brown and grey chickens should be favoured. However, in view of the known negative relationship between body weight and egg attributes, selection in favour of grey plumage may result in chickens of poor egg attributes. Therefore, grey chickens should be selected against egg quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20weight" title="body weight">body weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20chicken" title=" indigenous chicken"> indigenous chicken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurements" title=" measurements"> measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plumage%20colour" title=" plumage colour"> plumage colour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101953/effects-of-plumage-colour-on-measurable-attributes-of-indigenous-chickens-in-north-central-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17707</span> Parametric Optimization of Electric Discharge Machining Process Using Taguchi's Method and Grey Relation Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushpendra%20S.%20Bharti">Pushpendra S. Bharti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Process yield of electric discharge machining (EDM) is directly related to optimal combination(s) of process parameters. Optimization of process parameters of EDM is a multi-objective optimization problem owing to the contradictory behavior of performance measures. This paper employs Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) method as a multi-objective optimization technique for the optimal selection of process parameters combination. In GRA, multi-response optimization is converted into optimization of a single response grey relation grade which ultimately gives the optimal combination of process parameters. Experiments were carried out on die-sinking EDM by taking D2 steel as work piece and copper as electrode material. Taguchi's orthogonal array L36 was used for the design of experiments. On the experimental values, GRA was employed for the parametric optimization. A significant improvement has been observed and reported in the process yield by taking the parametric combination(s) obtained through GRA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20discharge%20machining" title="electric discharge machining">electric discharge machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20relation%20analysis" title=" grey relation analysis"> grey relation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20removal%20rate" title=" material removal rate"> material removal rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61577/parametric-optimization-of-electric-discharge-machining-process-using-taguchis-method-and-grey-relation-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17706</span> Effect of Recycled Grey Water on Bacterial Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Deepa">T. Deepa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Inchara"> S. R. Inchara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Venkatesh"> S. V. Venkatesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Tharannum"> Seema Tharannum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is the most widely used structural material. It is made using locally available materials. However, Concrete has low tensile strength and may crack in the early days with exothermic hydration. Bacillus subtilis bacteria that form endospores is the biological agent considered in this study for Biomineralization or MICP (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation) Technique and to address the increased Construction water demand, Recycled Grey Water which is obtained from STP of PES University, opted in place of Potable water. In this work, M30 grade conventional concrete is designed using OPC 53 grade cement, Manufactured Sand, Natural coarse aggregates, and Potable water. Conventional Concrete (CC), Bacterial Concrete with Potable water (BS), and Recycled Grey Water concrete (RGW) are the three different concrete specimens casted. Experimental studies such as the strength test and the surface hardness test are conducted on Conventional and Bacterial concrete samples after 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. Concrete cubes are subjected to a temperature of 50° C to investigate the effect of higher temperature. Cracked cube specimens are observed for Self-healing - as well as microstructure analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX), and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD).Noticeable Calcium salt deposition is observed on the surface of BS and RGW cracked specimen. Surface hardness and EDAX test gave promising result on the advantage of using spore-forming bacteria in concrete. This is followed by the strength gain in Compression and Flexure. Results also indicate that Recycled Grey Water can be a substitute for Normal water in concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20subtilis" title="bacillus subtilis">bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20concrete" title=" bacterial concrete"> bacterial concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20grey%20water" title=" recycled grey water"> recycled grey water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-healing" title=" self-healing"> self-healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20hardness%20of%20concrete" title=" surface hardness of concrete"> surface hardness of concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148388/effect-of-recycled-grey-water-on-bacterial-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17705</span> Kinetic Parameter Estimation from Thermogravimetry and Microscale Combustion Calorimetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhoda%20Afriyie%20Mensah">Rhoda Afriyie Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Jiang"> Lin Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Asante-Okyere"> Solomon Asante-Okyere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Qiang"> Xu Qiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cong%20Jin"> Cong Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flammability analysis of extruded polystyrene (XPS) has become crucial due to its utilization as insulation material for energy efficient buildings. Using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, the degradation kinetics of two pure XPS from the local market, red and grey ones, were obtained from the results of thermogravity analysis (TG) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) experiments performed under the same heating rates. From the experiments, it was discovered that red XPS released more heat than grey XPS and both materials showed two mass loss stages. Consequently, the kinetic parameters for red XPS were higher than grey XPS. A comparative evaluation of activation energies from MCC and TG showed an insignificant degree of deviation signifying an equivalent apparent activation energy from both methods. However, different activation energy profiles as a result of the different chemical pathways were presented when the dependencies of the activation energies on extent of conversion for TG and MCC were compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flammability" title="flammability">flammability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscale%20combustion%20calorimetry" title=" microscale combustion calorimetry"> microscale combustion calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravity%20analysis" title=" thermogravity analysis"> thermogravity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20degradation" title=" thermal degradation"> thermal degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20analysis" title=" kinetic analysis"> kinetic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113510/kinetic-parameter-estimation-from-thermogravimetry-and-microscale-combustion-calorimetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17704</span> Greyscale: A Tree-Based Taxonomy for Grey Literature Published by Fisheries Agencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20Tunon">Tatiana Tunon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gottfried%20Pestal"> Gottfried Pestal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Government agencies responsible for the management of fisheries resources publish many types of grey literature, and these materials are increasingly accessible to the public on agency websites. However, scope and quality vary considerably, and end-users need meta-data about the report series when deciding whether to use the information (e.g. apply the methods, include the results in a systematic review), or when prioritizing materials for archiving (e.g. library holdings, reference databases). A proposed taxonomy for these report series was developed based on a review of 41 report series from 6 government agencies in 4 countries (Canada, New Zealand, Scotland, and United States). Each report series was categorized according to multiple criteria describing peer-review process, content, and purpose. A robust classification tree was then fitted to these descriptions, and the resulting taxonomic groups were used to compare agency output from 4 countries using reports available in their online repositories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20tree" title="classification tree">classification tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisheries" title=" fisheries"> fisheries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20literature" title=" grey literature"> grey literature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54733/greyscale-a-tree-based-taxonomy-for-grey-literature-published-by-fisheries-agencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17703</span> Multi-Response Optimization of EDM for Ti-6Al-4V Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritesh%20Joshi">Ritesh Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishan%20Fuse"> Kishan Fuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopal%20Zinzala"> Gopal Zinzala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishit%20Nirmal"> Nishit Nirmal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ti-6Al-4V is a titanium alloy having high strength, low weight and corrosion resistant which is a required characteristic for a material to be used in aerospace industry. Titanium, being a hard alloy is difficult to the machine via conventional methods, so it is a call to use non-conventional processes. In present work, the effects on Ti-6Al-4V by drilling a hole of Ø 6 mm using copper (99%) electrode in Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) process is analyzed. Effect of various input parameters like peak current, pulse-on time and pulse-off time on output parameters viz material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear rate (EWR) is studied. Multi-objective optimization technique Grey relational analysis is used for process optimization. Experiments are designed using an L9 orthogonal array. ANOVA is used for finding most contributing parameter followed by confirmation tests for validating the results. Improvement of 7.45% in gray relational grade is observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20discharge%20machining" title=" electric discharge machining"> electric discharge machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20relational%20analysis" title=" grey relational analysis"> grey relational analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-6Al-4V" title=" Ti-6Al-4V"> Ti-6Al-4V</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69436/multi-response-optimization-of-edm-for-ti-6al-4v-using-taguchi-grey-relational-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17702</span> The Optimization of an Industrial Recycling Line: Improving the Durability of Recycled Polyethyene Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alae%20Lamtai">Alae Lamtai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Elkoun"> Said Elkoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hniya%20Kharmoudi"> Hniya Kharmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathieu%20Robert"> Mathieu Robert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carl%20Diez"> Carl Diez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study applies Taguchi's design of experiment methodology and grey relational analysis (GRA) for multi objective optimization of an industrial recycling line. This last is composed mainly of a mono and twin-screw extruder and a filtration system. Experiments were performed according to L₁₆ standard orthogonal array based on five process parameters, namely: mono screw design, screw speed of the mono and twin-screw extruder, melt pump pressure, and filter mesh size. The objective of this optimization is to improve the durability of the Polyethylene (PE) blend by decreasing the loss of Stress Crack resistance (SCR) using Notched Crack Ligament Stress (NCLS) test and Unnotched Crack Ligament Stress (UCLS) in parallel with increasing the gain of Izod impact strength of the Polyethylene (PE) blend before and after recycling. Based on Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the optimal setting of process parameters was identified, and the results indicated that the mono-screw design and screw speed of both mono and twin-screw extruder impact significantly the mechanical properties of recycled Polyethylene (PE) blend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi" title="Taguchi">Taguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20line" title=" recycling line"> recycling line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20crack%20resistance" title=" stress crack resistance"> stress crack resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izod%20impact%20strength" title=" Izod impact strength"> Izod impact strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20relational%20analysis" title=" grey relational analysis"> grey relational analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184105/the-optimization-of-an-industrial-recycling-line-improving-the-durability-of-recycled-polyethyene-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17701</span> Study on Optimal Control Strategy of PM2.5 in Wuhan, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiuling%20Xie">Qiuling Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanliang%20Zhu"> Shanliang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zongdi%20Sun"> Zongdi Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we analyzed the correlation relationship among PM2.5 from other five Air Quality Indices (AQIs) based on the grey relational degree, and built a multivariate nonlinear regression equation model of PM2.5 and the five monitoring indexes. For the optimal control problem of PM2.5, we took the partial large Cauchy distribution of membership equation as satisfaction function. We established a nonlinear programming model with the goal of maximum performance to price ratio. And the optimal control scheme is given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20relational%20degree" title="grey relational degree">grey relational degree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20linear%20regression" title=" multiple linear regression"> multiple linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membership%20function" title=" membership function"> membership function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20programming" title=" nonlinear programming"> nonlinear programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54538/study-on-optimal-control-strategy-of-pm25-in-wuhan-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17700</span> Microbial Bioagent Triggered Biochemical Response in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Inducing Resistance against Grey Blight Disease and Yield Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Popy%20Bora">Popy Bora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20Bora"> L. C. Bora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bhattacharya"> A. Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehnaz%20S.%20Ahmed"> Sehnaz S. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial bioagents, viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma viride were assessed for their ability to suppress grey blight caused by Pestalotiopsis theae, a major disease of tea crop in Assam. The expression of defense-related phytochemicals due to the application of these bioagents was also evaluated. The individual bioagents, as well as their combinations, were screened for their bioefficacy against P. theae in vitro using nutrient agar (NA) as basal medium. The treatment comprising a combination of the three bioagents, P. fluorescens, B. subtilis, and T. viride showed significantly the highest inhibition against the pathogen. Bioformulation of effective bioagent combinations was further evaluated under field condition, where significantly highest reduction of grey blight (90.30%), as well as the highest increase in the green leaf yield (10.52q/ha), was recorded due to application of the bioformulation containing the three bioagents. The application of the three bioformulation also recorded an enhanced level of caffeine (4.15%) and polyphenols (22.87%). A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were recorded in the plants treated with the microbial bioformulation of the three bioagents. The present investigation indicates the role of microbial agents in suppressing disease, inducing plant defense response, as well as improving the quality of tea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20activity" title="enzymatic activity">enzymatic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20blight" title=" grey blight"> grey blight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20bioagents" title=" microbial bioagents"> microbial bioagents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pestalotiopsis%20theae" title=" Pestalotiopsis theae"> Pestalotiopsis theae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20defense" title=" plant defense"> plant defense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tea" title=" tea "> tea </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113669/microbial-bioagent-triggered-biochemical-response-in-tea-camellia-sinensis-inducing-resistance-against-grey-blight-disease-and-yield-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17699</span> Zero Energy Buildings in Hot-Humid Tropical Climates: Boundaries of the Energy Optimization Grey Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nakul%20V.%20Naphade">Nakul V. Naphade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20G.%20L.%20Persiani"> Sandra G. L. Persiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yew%20Wah%20Wong"> Yew Wah Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20S.%20Kamath"> Pramod S. Kamath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avinash%20H.%20Anantharam"> Avinash H. Anantharam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Ling%20Aw"> Hui Ling Aw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Grynberg"> Yann Grynberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Achieving zero-energy targets in existing buildings is known to be a difficult task requiring important cuts in the building energy consumption, which in many cases clash with the functional necessities of the building wherever the on-site energy generation is unable to match the overall energy consumption. Between the building’s consumption optimization limit and the energy, target stretches a case-specific optimization grey zone, which requires tailored intervention and enhanced user’s commitment. In the view of the future adoption of more stringent energy-efficiency targets in the context of hot-humid tropical climates, this study aims to define the energy optimization grey zone by assessing the energy-efficiency limit in the state-of-the-art typical mid- and high-rise full AC office buildings, through the integration of currently available technologies. Energy models of two code-compliant generic office-building typologies were developed as a baseline, a 20-storey ‘high-rise’ and a 7-storey ‘mid-rise’. Design iterations carried out on the energy models with advanced market ready technologies in lighting, envelope, plug load management and ACMV systems and controls, lead to a representative energy model of the current maximum technical potential. The simulations showed that ZEB targets could be achieved in fully AC buildings under an average of seven floors only by compromising on energy-intense facilities (as full AC, unlimited power-supply, standard user behaviour, etc.). This paper argues that drastic changes must be made in tropical buildings to span the energy optimization grey zone and achieve zero energy. Fully air-conditioned areas must be rethought, while smart technologies must be integrated with an aggressive involvement and motivation of the users to synchronize with the new system’s energy savings goal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20simulation" title="energy simulation">energy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20building" title=" office building"> office building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20climate" title=" tropical climate"> tropical climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20energy%20buildings" title=" zero energy buildings"> zero energy buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84479/zero-energy-buildings-in-hot-humid-tropical-climates-boundaries-of-the-energy-optimization-grey-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17698</span> Wear Behavior of Grey Cast Iron Coated with Al2O3-13TiO2 and Ni20Cr Using Detonation Spray Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjot%20Singh%20Gill">Harjot Singh Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelkanth%20Grover"> Neelkanth Grover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jwala%20Parshad%20Singla"> Jwala Parshad Singla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this research work is to present the effect of coating on two different grades of grey cast iron using detonation spray method. Ni20Cr and Al2O3-13TiO2 powders were sprayed using detonation gun onto GI250 and GIHC substrates and the results as well as coating surface morphology of the coating is studied by XRD and SEM/EDAX analysis. The wear resistance of Ni20Cr and Al2O3-13TiO2 has been investigated on pin-on-disc tribometer using ASTM G99 standards. Cumulative wear rate and coefficient of friction (µ) were calculated under three normal load of 30N, 40N, 50N at constant sliding velocity of 1m/s. Worn out surfaces were analyzed by SEM/EDAX. The results show significant resistance to wear with Al2O3-13TiO2 coating as compared to Ni20Cr and bare substrates. SEM/EDAX analysis and cumulative wear loss bar charts clearly explain the wear behavior of coated as well as bare sample of GI250 and GIHC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detonation%20spray" title="detonation spray">detonation spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20cast%20iron" title=" grey cast iron"> grey cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20rate" title=" wear rate"> wear rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20friction" title=" coefficient of friction"> coefficient of friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8636/wear-behavior-of-grey-cast-iron-coated-with-al2o3-13tio2-and-ni20cr-using-detonation-spray-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17697</span> Secure Message Transmission Using Meaningful Shares</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajish%20Sreedharan">Ajish Sreedharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual cryptography encodes a secret image into shares of random binary patterns. If the shares are exerted onto transparencies, the secret image can be visually decoded by superimposing a qualified subset of transparencies, but no secret information can be obtained from the superposition of a forbidden subset. The binary patterns of the shares, however, have no visual meaning and hinder the objectives of visual cryptography. In the Secret Message Transmission through Meaningful Shares a secret message to be transmitted is converted to grey scale image. Then (2,2) visual cryptographic shares are generated from this converted gray scale image. The shares are encrypted using A Chaos-Based Image Encryption Algorithm Using Wavelet Transform. Two separate color images which are of the same size of the shares, taken as cover image of the respective shares to hide the shares into them. The encrypted shares which are covered by meaningful images so that a potential eavesdropper wont know there is a message to be read. The meaningful shares are transmitted through two different transmission medium. During decoding shares are fetched from received meaningful images and decrypted using A Chaos-Based Image Encryption Algorithm Using Wavelet Transform. The shares are combined to regenerate the grey scale image from where the secret message is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cryptography" title="visual cryptography">visual cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaningful%20shares" title=" meaningful shares"> meaningful shares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20scale%20image" title=" grey scale image"> grey scale image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16629/secure-message-transmission-using-meaningful-shares" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17696</span> Effect of Treated Grey Water on Bacterial Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepa%20T.">Deepa T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inchara%20S.%20R."> Inchara S. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkatesh%20S.%20V."> Venkatesh S. V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Tharannum"> Seema Tharannum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is the most widely used structural material. It is usually made using locally available materials. However, concrete has low tensile strength and may crack in the early days with exothermic hydration, for which water is essential. To address the increased construction water demand, treated greywater may be used. Bacillus subtilis bacteria that form endospores is the biological agent considered in this study for biomineralization or Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) technique to heal cracks. Treated grey water which is obtained from STP of PES University, opted in place of Potable water, which had qualities within the standard range as per codal provisions. In this work, M30 grade conventional concrete is designed using OPC 53-grade cement, manufactured sand, natural coarse aggregates, and potable water. Conventional concrete (CC), bacterial concrete with potable water (BS), and treated grey water concrete (TGWBS) are the three different concrete specimens cast. Experimental studies such as the strength test and the surface hardness test are performed on conventional and bacterial concrete samples after 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. Concrete cubes are subjected to a temperature of 50° C to investigate the effect of higher temperature. Cracked cube specimens are observed for self-healing -as well as microstructure analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX), and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). Noticeable calcium salt deposition is observed on the surface of the BS and TGWBS cracked specimen. Surface hardness and the EDAX test gave promising results on the advantage of using spore-forming bacteria in concrete. This is followed by the strength gained in compression and flexure. Results also indicate that treated grey water can be a substitute for potable water in concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20concrete" title="Bacillus subtilis concrete">Bacillus subtilis concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20greywater" title=" treated greywater"> treated greywater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150808/effect-of-treated-grey-water-on-bacterial-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17695</span> Important Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Quality Control Circles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sogol%20Zarafshan">Sogol Zarafshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to identify important factors affecting the effectiveness of quality control circles in a hospital, as well as rank them using a combination of fuzzy VIKOR and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The study population consisted of five academic members and five experts in the field of nursing working in a hospital, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Also, a sample of 107 nurses was selected through a simple random sampling method using their employee codes and the random-number table. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which consisted of 12 factors. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed through giving the opinions of experts and academic members who participated in the present study, as well as performing confirmatory factor analysis. Its reliability also was verified (α=0.796). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and LISREL 8.8, as well as VIKOR–GRA and IPA methods. The results of ranking the factors affecting the effectiveness of quality control circles showed that the highest and lowest ranks were related to ‘Managers’ and supervisors’ support’ and ‘Group leadership’. Also, the highest hospital performance was for factors such as ‘Clear goals and objectives’ and ‘Group cohesiveness and homogeneity’, and the lowest for ‘Reward system’ and ‘Feedback system’, respectively. The results showed that although ‘Training the members’, ‘Using the right tools’ and ‘Reward system’ were factors that were of great importance, the organization’s performance for these factors was poor. Therefore, these factors should be paid more attention by the studied hospital managers and should be improved as soon as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quality%20control%20circles" title="Quality control circles">Quality control circles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuzzy%20VIKOR" title=" Fuzzy VIKOR"> Fuzzy VIKOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20Relational%20Analysis" title=" Grey Relational Analysis"> Grey Relational Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Importance%E2%80%93Performance%20Analysis" title=" Importance–Performance Analysis"> Importance–Performance Analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119222/important-factors-affecting-the-effectiveness-of-quality-control-circles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17694</span> Implementation and Use of Person-Centered Care in Europe: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Rosengren">Kristina Rosengren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Brannefors"> Petra Brannefors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Carlstrom"> Eric Carlstrom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Implementation and use of person-centered care (PCC) is increasing worldwide, and why the current study intends to increase knowledge regarding how PCC is used in different European countries. Purpose: To describe the extent of person-centred care in 23 European countries in relation to use specific countries healthcare system (Beveridge, Bismarck, Mixed/OOP). Methods: The study was conducted by literature review inspired by Spice, both scientific empirical studies (Cinahl, Medline, Scopus) as well as grey literature (Google) were used. Totally 1194 documents were included divided into Cinahl n=139, Medline n=245, Scopus n=493 and Google n=317. Data were analysed with descriptive (percentage, range) regarding content and scope of PCC/country according to content and scope of PCC in each country, grouped into the healthcare system (Beveridge, Bismarck, Mixed/OOP) and geographic placement. Results: PCC were most common in UK (England, Scotland, Wales, North Ireland), n=481, 40.3%, Sweden (n=231, 19.3%), The Netherlands (n=80, 6.7%), Ireland (n=79, 6.6%) and Norway (n=61, 5.1%); and less common in Poland (0.6%), Hungary (0.5%), Greece (0.4%), Latvia (0.4%) and Serbia (0%). Beveridge healthcare system (12/23=0.5217, 52.2%) show 85 percent of documents with advantage of scientific literature valued 2.92 (n=999, 0.55-4.07), compare to advantage of grey literature in Bismarck (10/23=0.4347, 43.5%) with 15 percentage valued 2.35 (n=190, 0-3.27) followed by Mixed/OOP (1/23=4%) with 0.4 valued 2.25. Conclusions: Seven out of 10 countries with Beveridge health system used PCC compare to less-used PCC in countries with the Bismarck system. Research, as well as national regulations regarding PCC, are important tools to motivate the advantage of PCC in clinical practice. Moreover, implementation of PCC needs a systematic approach, from national (politicians), regional (guideline) and local (specific healthcare settings) levels visualized by decision-making as law, mission, policies, and routines in clinical practice to establish a well-integrated phenomenon in Europe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beveridge" title="Beveridge">Beveridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bismarck" title=" Bismarck"> Bismarck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title=" Europe"> Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence-based" title=" evidence-based"> evidence-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person-centered%20care" title=" person-centered care"> person-centered care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131101/implementation-and-use-of-person-centered-care-in-europe-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17693</span> The Survey Research and Evaluation of Green Residential Building Based on the Improved Group Analytical Hierarchy Process Method in Yinchuan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-na%20Wu">Yun-na Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhen%20Wang"> Zhen Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the economic downturn and the deterioration of the living environment, the development of residential buildings as high energy consuming building is gradually changing from “extensive” to green building in China. So, the evaluation system of green building is continuously improved, but the current evaluation work has the following problems: (1) There are differences in the cost of the actual investment and the purchasing power of residents, also construction target of green residential building is single and lacks multi-objective performance development. (2) Green building evaluation lacks regional characteristics and cannot reflect the different regional residents demand. (3) In the process of determining the criteria weight, the experts’ judgment matrix is difficult to meet the requirement of consistency. Therefore, to solve those problems, questionnaires which are about the green residential building for Ningxia area are distributed, and the results of questionnaires can feedback the purchasing power of residents and the acceptance of the green building cost. Secondly, combined with the geographical features of Ningxia minority areas, the evaluation criteria system of green residential building is constructed. Finally, using the improved group AHP method and the grey clustering method, the criteria weight is determined, and a real case is evaluated, which is located in Xing Qing district, Ningxia. A conclusion can be obtained that the professional evaluation for this project and good social recognition is basically the same. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20residential%20building" title=" green residential building"> green residential building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20clustering%20method" title=" grey clustering method"> grey clustering method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20AHP" title=" group AHP"> group AHP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61444/the-survey-research-and-evaluation-of-green-residential-building-based-on-the-improved-group-analytical-hierarchy-process-method-in-yinchuan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20system&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20system&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20system&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20system&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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