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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Karmelieten" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Karmelieten" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Karmelieten" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oorsprong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsprong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oorsprong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsprong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongeschoeide_karmelieten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongeschoeide_karmelieten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ongeschoeide karmelieten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongeschoeide_karmelieten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franse_Revolutie_en_daarna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franse_Revolutie_en_daarna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Franse Revolutie en daarna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franse_Revolutie_en_daarna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bekende_karmelieten_en_karmelietessen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bekende_karmelieten_en_karmelietessen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bekende karmelieten en karmelietessen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bekende_karmelieten_en_karmelietessen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Noot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karmelieten</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 55 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeliete" title="Karmeliete – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karmeliete" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رهبنة كرملية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رهبنة كرملية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84" title="راهبات الكرمل – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راهبات الكرمل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кармеліты – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кармеліты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кармэліты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кармэліты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кармелити – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кармелити" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeli%C4%87ani" title="Karmelićani – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karmelićani" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carmelites" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%A1d_karmelit%C3%A1n%C5%AF" title="Řád karmelitánů – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řád karmelitánů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeliterordenen" title="Karmeliterordenen – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karmeliterordenen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeliten" title="Karmeliten – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karmeliten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carmelites" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelanoj" title="Karmelanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karmelanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Monte_Carmelo" title="Orden de Nuestra Señora del Monte Carmelo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden de Nuestra Señora del Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeldar" title="Karmeldar – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karmeldar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="کرملی‌ها – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرملی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeliitat" title="Karmeliitat – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karmeliitat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_du_Carmel" title="Ordre du Carmel – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre du Carmel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeliten" title="Karmeliten – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Karmeliten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairmil%C3%ADtigh" title="Cairmilítigh – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cairmilítigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_do_Monte_Carmelo" title="Orde de Santa María do Monte Carmelo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orde de Santa María do Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99" title="המסדר הכרמליתי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המסדר הכרמליתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeli%C4%87ani" title="Karmelićani – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karmelićani" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2d_Kam%C3%A8l" title="Lòd Kamèl – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lòd Kamèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelit%C3%A1k" title="Karmeliták – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karmeliták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelit" title="Karmelit – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karmelit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelito" title="Karmelito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karmelito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_della_Beata_Vergine_del_Monte_Carmelo" title="Ordine della Beata Vergine del Monte Carmelo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine della Beata Vergine del Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB%E4%BC%9A" title="カルメル会 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルメル会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelit" title="Karmelit – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karmelit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmel_pa%C9%A3t%CA%8A_y%C9%94%C9%94_t%C9%A9%C5%8B%C9%A9yaa" title="Carmel paɣtʊ yɔɔ tɩŋɩyaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Carmel paɣtʊ yɔɔ tɩŋɩyaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%9C%ED%9A%8C" title="가르멜회 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가르멜회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelitae" title="Carmelitae – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carmelitae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelitai" title="Karmelitai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karmelitai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="കർമ്മലീത്താ സമൂഹം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കർമ്മലീത്താ സമൂഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelitani" title="Karmelitani – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karmelitani" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelittordenen" title="Karmelittordenen – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karmelittordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelici" title="Karmelici – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karmelici" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_do_Carmo" title="Ordem do Carmo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem do Carmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinul_carmelit" title="Ordinul carmelit – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ordinul carmelit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кармелиты – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кармелиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кармелиттар – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кармелиттар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelitanos" title="Carmelitanos – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Carmelitanos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmeli%C4%87ani" title="Karmelićani – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karmelićani" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carmelites" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelit%C3%A1ni" title="Karmelitáni – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karmelitáni" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E3F1F1; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Orde der karmelieten </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Ordo Carmelitarum </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_(simple).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wapen van de Karmelietenorde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_%28simple%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_%28simple%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_%28simple%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_%28simple%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_%28simple%29.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Carmelite_order_%28simple%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="658" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Wapen van de Karmelietenorde</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#E3F1F1; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Basisgegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Prior generaal </th> <td colspan="2">Fernando Millán Romeral </td></tr> <tr> <th>Regel </th> <td colspan="2">Regel van Sint Albertus </td></tr> <tr> <th>Motto Latijn </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Zelo zelatus sum pro Domino Deo exercituum</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Motto Nederlands </th> <td colspan="2">Met vuur ben ik vurig geweest voor de Heer, God der Heerscharen </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gesticht </th> <td colspan="2">late <a href="/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw">12e eeuw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ocarm.org/">http://www.ocarm.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#E3F1F1; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Christendom" title="Portaal:Christendom">Christendom</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ancien_carme.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ancien_carme.png/260px-Ancien_carme.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="415" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ancien_carme.png/390px-Ancien_carme.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ancien_carme.png/520px-Ancien_carme.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>Vroege Karmeliet</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>Orde van de Karmelieten</b> (<i>Karmelbeweging Ordo Carmelitarum</i>, <b>O.Carm.</b>; vrouwelijke vorm: <b>karmelietessen</b>) is een <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">rooms-katholieke</a> <a href="/wiki/Bedelorden" title="Bedelorden">bedelorde</a>, die zich net zoals de <a href="/wiki/Franciscanen" title="Franciscanen">franciscanen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominicanen" title="Dominicanen">dominicanen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Augustijnen_(kloosterorde)" title="Augustijnen (kloosterorde)">augustijnen</a> onderscheidt van de andere monastieke orden doordat ze in plaats van de individuele armoede juist de collectieve armoede belijdt. Voor hun onderhoud zijn ze afhankelijk van hun eigen arbeid en van <a href="/wiki/Aalmoes" title="Aalmoes">aalmoezen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorsprong">Oorsprong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oorsprong" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oorsprong"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De karmelieten kennen hun oorsprong rond het jaar 1150, op de berg <a href="/wiki/Karmelgebergte" title="Karmelgebergte">Karmel</a> bij de havenplaats <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl" title="Israël">Israël</a>. Deze berg, die verbonden is met de profeet <a href="/wiki/Elia_(profeet)" title="Elia (profeet)">Elia</a>, is lange tijd een verblijfplaats voor talrijke kluizenaars die in navolging van hem een aan <a href="/wiki/God_(christendom)" title="God (christendom)">God</a> toegewijd leven leidden. Naast een hoogtepunt in de vierde tot de zevende eeuw kent het kluizenaarsleven daar in de elfde en twaalfde eeuw een ware renaissance. In de twaalfde eeuw kwamen verscheidene pelgrims onder leiding van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthold_van_Calabri%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthold van Calabrië (de pagina bestaat niet)">Berthold van Calabrië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Albertus_van_Jeruzalem" title="Albertus van Jeruzalem">Albertus van Jeruzalem</a> samen 'nabij de bron van <a href="/wiki/Elia_(profeet)" title="Elia (profeet)">Elia</a>' om als <a href="/wiki/Heremiet_(monnik)" title="Heremiet (monnik)">heremieten</a> te leven. Tussen de kluizenaarscellen werd een kapel ter ere van <a href="/wiki/Maria_(moeder_Jezus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria (moeder Jezus)">Maria</a> gebouwd. Vanaf dat moment noemen de heremieten zichzelf 'Broeders van de heilige Maria van de Berg Karmel'. </p><p>Om 'juridische stabiliteit' te verwerven, richt de groep heremieten zich tot <a href="/wiki/Albertus_van_Jeruzalem" title="Albertus van Jeruzalem">Albert Avogadro</a> (1150-1214). Hij staat aan de basis van de officiële <a href="/wiki/Kloosterregel" title="Kloosterregel">leefregel</a> van de karmelieten. Armoede en handenarbeid zijn volgens deze leefregel het belangrijkst. Wat echter karakteristiek is voor de karmelieten, is het grote belang dat ze hechten aan het in stilte uitgevoerde gebed. In <a href="/wiki/1235" title="1235">1235</a> worden de karmelieten, onder het dreigende gevaar van de <a href="/wiki/Saracenen" title="Saracenen">Saracenen</a>, gedwongen de berg <a href="/wiki/Karmelgebergte" title="Karmelgebergte">Karmel</a> te verlaten. De meesten trekken naar delen van <a href="/wiki/Europa_(continent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa (continent)">Europa</a>. </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ongeschoeide_karmelieten">Ongeschoeide karmelieten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ongeschoeide karmelieten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ongeschoeide karmelieten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:white; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal">Deel van de serie over</span><br /><span style="font-size: 150%;"><a href="/wiki/Klooster_(gebouw)" title="Klooster (gebouw)">kloosters</a></span><br />en het christelijke <a href="/wiki/Monnik_(christendom)" title="Monnik (christendom)">monastieke leven</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carlo Crivelli 052.jpg"><img alt="Carlo Crivelli 052.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg/75px-Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg/113px-Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg/150px-Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="2451" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <div class="noprint"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center; border: 0;"> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <hr /> <p><b>Oorsprong</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Heremiet_(monnik)" title="Heremiet (monnik)">Heremieten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antonius_van_Egypte" title="Antonius van Egypte">Antonius</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paulus_van_Thebe" title="Paulus van Thebe">Paulus van Thebe</a></span> · <a href="/wiki/Pachomius_(monnik)" title="Pachomius (monnik)">Pachomius</a> </p><p><b>Families</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Augustijnen_(kloosterorde)" title="Augustijnen (kloosterorde)">Augustijnen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Benedictijnen" title="Benedictijnen">Benedictijnen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cisterci%C3%ABnzers" title="Cisterciënzers">Cisterciënzers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dominicanen" title="Dominicanen">Dominicanen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Franciscanen" title="Franciscanen">Franciscanen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jezu%C3%AFeten" title="Jezuïeten">Jezuïeten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kapucijnen" title="Kapucijnen">Kapucijnen</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karmelieten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kartuizers" title="Kartuizers">Kartuizers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Premonstratenzers" title="Premonstratenzers">Norbertijnen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trappisten" title="Trappisten">Trappisten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Redemptoristen" title="Redemptoristen">Redemptoristen</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congregatie_van_Sint-Jan" title="Congregatie van Sint-Jan">Congregatie van Sint-Jan</a></span> </p><p><b>Stichters</b><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_van_Nursia" title="Benedictus van Nursia">Benedictus van Nursia</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augustinus_van_Hippo" title="Augustinus van Hippo">Augustinus van Hippo</a></span> · <a href="/wiki/Norbertus" title="Norbertus">Norbertus</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_van_Keulen" title="Bruno van Keulen">Bruno van Keulen</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_van_Assisi" title="Franciscus van Assisi">Franciscus van Assisi</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominicus_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Dominicus Guzmán">Dominicus Guzmán</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_van_Loyola" title="Ignatius van Loyola">Ignatius van Loyola</a></span> </p><p><b>Gebruiken</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Getijdengebed" title="Getijdengebed">Getijdengebed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metten_(gebed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metten (gebed)">Metten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lauden" title="Lauden">Lauden</a> · <a href="/wiki/Priem_(gebedsstonde)" title="Priem (gebedsstonde)">Priem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Terts_(gebedsstonde)" title="Terts (gebedsstonde)">Terts</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sext_(gebedsstonde)" title="Sext (gebedsstonde)">Sext</a> · <a href="/wiki/None_(gebedsstonde)" title="None (gebedsstonde)">None</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vespers_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vespers (hoofdbetekenis)">Vespers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Completen" title="Completen">Completen</a> </p><p><b>Nederlandse kloosters</b><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sint-Adelbertabdij" title="Sint-Adelbertabdij">Sint-Adelbertabdij</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sint-Willibrordsabdij" title="Sint-Willibrordsabdij">Sint-Willibrordsabdij</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Sion" title="Abdij Sion">Abdij Sion</a></span> · <a href="/wiki/Emmausklooster" title="Emmausklooster">Emmausklooster</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Koningshoeven" title="Abdij Koningshoeven">Abdij Koningshoeven</a></span> · <a href="/wiki/Koningsoord_(abdij)" title="Koningsoord (abdij)">Koningsoord</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%ABndaal_(noviciaat)" title="Mariëndaal (noviciaat)">Mariëndaal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klooster_Mari%C3%ABnhage" title="Klooster Mariënhage">Mariënhage</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Lilbosch" title="Abdij Lilbosch">Abdij Lilbosch</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Berne" title="Abdij van Berne">Abdij van Berne</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Sint-Benedictusberg" title="Abdij Sint-Benedictusberg">Abdij Sint-Benedictusberg</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karmel_Zenderen" title="Karmel Zenderen">Karmel Zenderen</a></span> · <a href="/wiki/Klooster_Sibculo" title="Klooster Sibculo">Sibculo</a> </p><p><b>Belgische kloosters</b><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Achel" title="Abdij van Achel">Achelse Kluis</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Affligem" title="Abdij Affligem">Abdij Affligem</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Grimbergen" title="Abdij van Grimbergen">Abdij van Grimbergen</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Notre-Dame_d%27Orval" title="Abdij Notre-Dame d'Orval">Abdij Notre-Dame d'Orval</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Averbode" title="Abdij van Averbode">Abdij van Averbode</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Herkenrode" title="Abdij van Herkenrode">Abdij van Herkenrode</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Mari%C3%ABnlof" title="Abdij Mariënlof">Abdij Mariënlof</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Park" title="Abdij van Park">Abdij van Park</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Keizersberg" title="Abdij van Keizersberg">Abdij van Keizersberg</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Westmalle" title="Abdij van Westmalle">Abdij van Westmalle</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Onze-Lieve-Vrouw_Ten_Duinen" title="Abdij Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Ten Duinen">Ten Duinen</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_Ter_Doest" title="Abdij Ter Doest">Abdij Ter Doest</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Tongerlo" title="Abdij van Tongerlo">Abdij van Tongerlo</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdij_van_Postel" title="Abdij van Postel">Abdij van Postel</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klooster_van_Chevetogne" title="Klooster van Chevetogne">Klooster van Chevetogne</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sint-Sixtusabdij_van_Westvleteren" title="Sint-Sixtusabdij van Westvleteren">Sint-Sixtusabdij van Westvleteren</a></span> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Kluizenarij" title="Kluizenarij">Kluizenarijen</a></b><br /> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kluis_van_Bolderberg" title="Kluis van Bolderberg">Kluis van Bolderberg</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kluis_van_de_Beukeboom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluis van de Beukeboom">Kluis van Lummen</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kapel_van_Helshoven" title="Kapel van Helshoven">Kluis van Helshoven</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sint-Janskluis" title="Sint-Janskluis">Sint-Janskluis</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kluis_op_de_Schaelsberg" title="Kluis op de Schaelsberg">Kluis op de Schaelsberg</a></span> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kluizenarij_Onze_Lieve_Vrouwe_van_de_Besloten_Tuin" title="Kluizenarij Onze Lieve Vrouwe van de Besloten Tuin">Kluis van Warfhuizen</a></span> </p><p><b>Kloosterkleding</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Habijt" title="Habijt">Habijt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kovel_(kleding)" title="Kovel (kleding)">Kovel</a> </p><p><b>Verwante artikelen</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Clausuur" title="Clausuur">Clausuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kloosterregel" title="Kloosterregel">Kloosterregel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">Katholicisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oosters_christendom" title="Oosters christendom">Orthodoxie</a> </p> </div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>De veertiende eeuw is de Gouden Eeuw voor de Orde van de Karmelieten; zowel op intellectueel als op spiritueel vlak zijn er steeds ontwikkelingen. Er worden veel nieuwe kloosters gesticht en er wordt ook veel aandacht besteed aan de intellectuele vorming van de leden. Deze intellectuele bloei ligt echter, samen met het <a href="/wiki/Westers_Schisma" title="Westers Schisma">Westers Schisma</a> (1378-1417) en de grote pestepidemie (1347-1354), ook aan de basis van het verval dat de Karmel op vele plaatsen meemaakt vanaf het einde van de veertiende eeuw. De hierbij ontstane misbruiken doen al spoedig verlangen naar hervorming. De meest effectieve hervorming komt tot stand onder <a href="/wiki/Theresia_van_%C3%81vila" title="Theresia van Ávila">Theresia van Ávila</a>. De pijlers ervan zijn armoede, gebed en afzondering. </p><p>In 1568 ontstaat het eerste klooster van de ongeschoeide karmelieten (Ordo Carmelitarum Discalceatorum, OCD). Vanaf dit ogenblik bestaat er dus een scheiding tussen de geschoeide en de ongeschoeide karmelieten. </p><p>In 1584, de <a href="/wiki/Sint-Annakerk_(Genua)" title="Sint-Annakerk (Genua)">Sint-Annakerk</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse</a> stad <a href="/wiki/Genua_(stad)" title="Genua (stad)">Genua</a> was de eerste stichting buiten <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> van de Ongeschoeide Karmelieten. In dit jaar, keerde pater <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolaas_van_Jezus_en_Maria_Doria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolaas van Jezus en Maria Doria (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nicolaas van Jezus en Maria Doria</a> terug naar zijn geboorteland <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Genua" title="Republiek Genua">Republiek Genua</a>, samen met een groep broeders die aan de hervorming hielden, met de bedoeling een klooster te stichten in <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a>. Vanwege de tegenstand van de <a href="/wiki/Nuntius" title="Nuntius">nuntius</a> van <a href="/wiki/Paus_Gregorius_XIII" title="Paus Gregorius XIII">Paus Gregorius XIII</a>, besloot hij in Genua te blijven en daar stichtte hij een klooster met de financiële hulp van de adellijke families <a href="/wiki/Doria" title="Doria">Doria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattaneo_(familie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cattaneo (familie) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Cattaneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinola_(familie)" title="Spinola (familie)">Spinola</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pallavicini" title="Pallavicini">Pallavicini</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Franse_Revolutie_en_daarna">Franse Revolutie en daarna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Franse Revolutie en daarna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Franse Revolutie en daarna"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op het einde van de achttiende en in het begin van de negentiende eeuw kennen de karmelieten een dieptepunt in hun geschiedenis, ditmaal veroorzaakt door externe factoren. Door de <a href="/wiki/Franse_Revolutie" title="Franse Revolutie">Franse Revolutie</a> en de verspreiding van nieuwe ideeën door <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a> werd aan de karmelieten een grote slag toegediend. Het resultaat van deze vervolgingsperiode is dramatisch geweest voor de karmelieten. Kloosters en kerken werden gesloten. Pas in het midden van de negentiende eeuw of later kwamen er nieuwe stichtingen. In Nederland en België verdwenen de geschoeide karmelieten praktisch volledig (uitgezonderd in <a href="/wiki/Boxmeer_(plaats)" title="Boxmeer (plaats)">Boxmeer</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Basiliek_van_Onze-Lieve-Vrouw_van_Troost" class="mw-redirect" title="Basiliek van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Troost">Vilvoorde</a>), maar in enkele steden bleven de ongeschoeide karmelieten voortleven, zoals <a href="/wiki/Karmelietenkerk_(Brugge)" title="Karmelietenkerk (Brugge)">Brugge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kloosterkerk_van_de_Ongeschoeide_Karmelieten_(Gent)" title="Kloosterkerk van de Ongeschoeide Karmelieten (Gent)">Gent</a> en Leuven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bekende_karmelieten_en_karmelietessen">Bekende karmelieten en karmelietessen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bekende karmelieten en karmelietessen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bekende karmelieten en karmelietessen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Behalve <a href="/wiki/Theresia_van_%C3%81vila" title="Theresia van Ávila">Theresia van Ávila</a> en <a href="/wiki/Teresa_van_Los_Andes" title="Teresa van Los Andes">Teresa van Los Andes</a> zijn vooral de heiligen <a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_het_Kruis" title="Johannes van het Kruis">Johannes van het Kruis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theresia_van_Lisieux" title="Theresia van Lisieux">Theresia van Lisieux</a> en <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a> (Theresia-Benedicta van het Kruis) bekende karmelieten. Daarnaast behoorde ook <a href="/wiki/Louise_de_La_Valli%C3%A8re" title="Louise de La Vallière">Louise de La Vallière</a>, een van de minnaressen van <a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodewijk XIV">Lodewijk XIV</a>, in haar latere leven tot deze orde. Een bekende Nederlandse karmeliet is de heilig verklaarde <a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a> die op 17 september 1898 intrad. Vanuit Nederland wordt tevens een proces tot zaligverklaring van de karmelietes <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Koning" title="Josephine Koning">Josephine Koning</a> (1868-1931) gevoerd. Aartsbisschop <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Augusto_Intreccialagli" title="Antonio Augusto Intreccialagli">Antonio Augusto Intreccialagli</a> werd <a href="/wiki/Eerbiedwaardigheid" title="Eerbiedwaardigheid">Eerbiedwaardig</a> verklaard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmelitana" title="Carmelitana">Carmelitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilige_Maagd_Maria_van_de_berg_Karmel" title="Heilige Maagd Maria van de berg Karmel">Heilige Maagd Maria van de berg Karmel</a>, alsook <a href="/wiki/Onze-Lieve-Vrouw_van_de_berg_Karmelkerk" class="mw-disambig" title="Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van de berg Karmelkerk">Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van de berg Karmelkerk</a>, doorverwijspagina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Annakerk_(Genua)" title="Sint-Annakerk (Genua)">Sint-Annakerk (Genua)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karmel.be/">Website van de Vlaamse karmelieten en karmelietessen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karmel.nl/">Website van de Nederlandse karmelieten</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><div style="margin-top:-16px"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noot">Noot</h2></div> <ul><li>Veel later in <a href="/wiki/Moerzeke" title="Moerzeke">Moerzeke</a>, het slotklooster van ongeschoeide karmelietessen, gebouwd in 1974-1976.</li></ul> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_Carmelite_orders#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Roman Catholic Carmelite orders">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_Carmelite_orders#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Roman Catholic Carmelite orders">Roman Catholic Carmelite orders</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222222941/https://www.karmel.nl/pagina/16/Karmelregel.html">Regel van de Karmel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFRoggero1979"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Roggero, Anastasio</span> (1979). <cite><i>Genova e gli inizi della Riforma teresiana in Italia (1584-1597)</i></cite>. SAGEP, Genova.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ezio Battaglia e Silvia Piacentini, <i>Il Convento di Sant'Anna e la sua Antica Farmacia a Genova</i>, SAGEP Editori, Genova 2020.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&oldid=67444772">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karmelieten&oldid=67444772</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Karmelieten" title="Categorie:Karmelieten">Karmelieten</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Religie_in_Haifa" title="Categorie:Religie in Haifa">Religie in Haifa</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 apr 2024 om 09:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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