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id="toc-Nutritional_supplement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutritional_supplement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nutritional supplement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutritional_supplement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_and_industrial_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_and_industrial_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commercial and industrial use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_and_industrial_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> 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contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">4-Aminobenzoic acid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="بابا (دواء) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بابا (دواء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="۴-آمینوبنزوئیک اسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۴-آمینوبنزوئیک اسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="P-аминобензоена киселина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="P-аминобензоена киселина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_4-aminobenzoic" title="Àcid 4-aminobenzoic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àcid 4-aminobenzoic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_4-aminobenzoov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina 4-aminobenzoová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselina 4-aminobenzoová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Aminobenzoes%C3%A4ure" title="P-Aminobenzoesäure – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="P-Aminobenzoesäure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-aminobensoehape" title="P-aminobensoehape – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="P-aminobensoehape" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_4-aminobenzoico" title="Ácido 4-aminobenzoico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ácido 4-aminobenzoico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Aminobenzoata_acido" title="P-Aminobenzoata acido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="P-Aminobenzoata acido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="۴-آمینوبنزوئیک اسید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۴-آمینوبنزوئیک اسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_4-aminobenzo%C3%AFque" title="Acide 4-aminobenzoïque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide 4-aminobenzoïque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A4%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%B0" title="4-아미노벤조산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="4-아미노벤조산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%AA-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="४-एमाइनोबेंजोइक अम्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="४-एमाइनोबेंजोइक अम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_4-amminobenzoico" title="Acido 4-amminobenzoico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acido 4-amminobenzoico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Парааминобензой қышқылы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парааминобензой қышқылы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE)_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="അമിനൊ ബെൻസോയിക് (പാരാ) ആസിഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമിനൊ ബെൻസോയിക് (പാരാ) ആസിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8E%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99%E9%85%B8" title="4-アミノ安息香酸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="4-アミノ安息香酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PABA" title="PABA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PABA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwas_p-aminobenzoesowy" title="Kwas p-aminobenzoesowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwas p-aminobenzoesowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_4-aminobenzoico" title="Ácido 4-aminobenzoico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ácido 4-aminobenzoico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_4-aminobenzoic" title="Acid 4-aminobenzoic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid 4-aminobenzoic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="4-Аминобензойная кислота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="4-Аминобензойная кислота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-aminobenzojska_kislina" title="4-aminobenzojska kislina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="4-aminobenzojska kislina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Aminobenzojeva_kiselina" title="4-Aminobenzojeva kiselina – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="4-Aminobenzojeva kiselina" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Aminobenzojeva_kiselina" title="4-Aminobenzojeva kiselina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="4-Aminobenzojeva kiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-aminobentsoehappo" title="4-aminobentsoehappo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="4-aminobentsoehappo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%9D_%D0%9210" title="ВИТАМИН В10 – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="ВИТАМИН В10" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="4-Амінобензойна кислота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="4-Амінобензойна кислота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_4-aminobenzoic" title="Acid 4-aminobenzoic – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Acid 4-aminobenzoic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8" title="对氨基苯甲酸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="对氨基苯甲酸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284959#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula of PABA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg/110px-4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg/165px-4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg/220px-4-Aminobenzoic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="C=black, H=white, O=red, N=blue"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of the PABA molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png/115px-4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png/173px-4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png/230px-4-Aminobenzoic-acid-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>C=black, H=white, O=red, N=blue</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">4-Aminobenzoic acid</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><i>para</i>-Aminobenzoic acid<br /><i>p</i>-Aminobenzoic acid<br />PABA<br />Vitamin B<sub>10</sub><br />Vitamin B<sub>x</sub><br />Bacterial vitamin H<sup>1</sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=150-13-0">150-13-0</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC%28O%29c1ccc%28N%29cc1">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=30753">CHEBI:30753</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL542">ChEMBL542</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.953.html">953</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02362">DB02362</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.231">100.005.231</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284959#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02456">D02456</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/978">978</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/TL2TJE8QTX">TL2TJE8QTX</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6024466">DTXSID6024466</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284959#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9)10/h1-4H,8H2,(H,9,10)<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C7H7NO2/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9)10/h1-4H,8H2,(H,9,10)</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYAH</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C(O)c1ccc(N)cc1</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>7</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>7</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002137138000000000♠"></span>137.138</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>White-grey crystals </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>1.374 g/mL </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>187 to 189 °C (369 to 372 °F; 460 to 462 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> </td> <td>340 °C (644 °F; 613 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>1 g/170 mL (25 °C)<br />1 g/90 mL (90 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant">Acidity</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2.42 (amino; H<sub>2</sub>O)</li><li>4.88 (carboxyl; H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC97_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC97-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><b><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></b> (OHS/OSH): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main hazards</div> </td> <td>eye irritant, some persons may be allergic to this compound </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=477220910&page2=4-Aminobenzoic+acid">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>4-Aminobenzoic acid</b> (also known as <i>para</i>-aminobenzoic acid or <b>PABA</b> because the two <a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">functional groups</a> are attached to the <a href="/wiki/Benzene_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzene ring">benzene ring</a> across from one another in the <i>para</i> position) is an <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">formula</a> H<sub>2</sub>NC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H. PABA is a white crystalline solid,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although commercial samples can appear gray. It is slightly soluble in water. It consists of a <a href="/wiki/Benzene_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzene ring">benzene ring</a> substituted with <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carboxyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxyl group">carboxyl groups</a>. The compound occurs extensively in the natural world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_occurrence">Production and occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production and occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In industry, PABA is prepared mainly by two routes: </p> <ul><li>Reduction of <a href="/wiki/4-Nitrobenzoic_acid" title="4-Nitrobenzoic acid">4-nitrobenzoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffman_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoffman degradation">Hoffman degradation</a> of the monoamide derived from <a href="/wiki/Terephthalic_acid" title="Terephthalic acid">terephthalic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Food sources of PABA include liver, brewer's yeast (and unfiltered beer), kidney, molasses, mushrooms, and whole grains.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other food sources of PABA include spinach, liver, and oat seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Biochemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THFsynthesispathway.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/THFsynthesispathway.png/400px-THFsynthesispathway.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/THFsynthesispathway.png 1.5x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrofolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahydrofolate">Tetrahydrofolate</a> synthesis pathway</figcaption></figure> <p>PABA is an intermediate in the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a> by bacteria, plants, and fungi.<sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlus_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many bacteria, including those found in the human intestinal tract such as <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i>E. coli</i></a>, generate PABA from <a href="/wiki/Chorismate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorismate">chorismate</a> by the combined action of the enzymes <a href="/wiki/Aminodeoxychorismate_synthase" title="Aminodeoxychorismate synthase">4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aminodeoxychorismate_lyase" title="Aminodeoxychorismate lyase">4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plants produce PABA in their chloroplasts, and store it as a glucose ester (<i>p</i>ABA-Glc) in their tissues. Humans lack the enzymes to convert PABA to folate and so require folate from dietary sources, such as green leafy vegetables. In humans, PABA is considered nonessential and, although it has been referred to historically as "vitamin B<sub>x</sub>", is no longer recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamin</a><sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlus_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the typical human gut <a href="/wiki/Microbiome" title="Microbiome">microbiome</a> generates PABA on its own. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamide drugs</a> are structurally similar to PABA, and their antibacterial activity is due to their ability to interfere with the conversion of PABA to folate by the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Dihydropteroate_synthetase" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropteroate synthetase">dihydropteroate synthetase</a>. Thus, bacterial growth is limited through folate deficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_use">Medical use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The potassium salt is used as a drug against fibrotic skin disorders, such as <a href="/wiki/Peyronie%27s_disease" title="Peyronie's disease">Peyronie's disease</a>, under the brand name Potaba.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PABA is also occasionally used in pill form by sufferers of <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a> to treat its associated gastrointestinal symptoms, and in nutritional epidemiological studies to assess the completeness of 24-hour urine collection for the determination of urinary sodium, potassium, or nitrogen levels. PABA derivatives have also been proposed to function as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in diseases that cause deficient cholinergic systems, such as Alzheimer's Disease.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutritional_supplement">Nutritional supplement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nutritional supplement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the lack of any recognized syndromes of PABA deficiency in humans, except for those who lack the colonic bacteria that generate PABA, many claims of benefit are made by commercial suppliers of PABA as a nutritional supplement. The benefit is claimed for fatigue, irritability, depression, weeping eczema (moist eczema), scleroderma (premature hardening of the skin), patchy pigment loss in the skin (<a href="/wiki/Vitiligo" title="Vitiligo">vitiligo</a>), and premature grey hair.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_and_industrial_use">Commercial and industrial use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commercial and industrial use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PABA finds use in the biomedical sector. Its derivatives are found as a structural component in 1.5% of a database of 12111 commercial drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-KluczykPopek2002_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KluczykPopek2002-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other uses include its conversion to specialty <a href="/wiki/Azo_dye" title="Azo dye">azo dyes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crosslinking_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosslinking agent">crosslinking agents</a>. PABA is also used as a biodegradable pesticide, though its use is now limited due to evolution of new variants of bio-pesticides. Specifically, studies have shown that PABA photodegrades through an O<small>2</small>-mediated pathway in which PABA is oxidized by O<small>2</small> via hydrogen abstraction and decarboxylation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past, PABA was widely used in sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a UVB absorber, meaning it can absorb wavelengths between 290 and 320 nm.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while still allowing UVA wavelengths between 320-400 nm to pass through, producing a tan.<sup id="cite_ref-Rahal,_R._2008_980–987_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rahal,_R._2008_980–987-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chemical structure of PABA, with the amino and carboxyl groups being <i>para</i> to each other, allows for easy electron delocalization, which reduces the gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). This makes it easier for the electrons in PABA to transition to a higher energy state upon absorbing light. Patented in 1943, PABA was one of the first active ingredients to be used in <a href="/wiki/Sunscreen" title="Sunscreen">sunscreen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <i>in vivo</i> studies on mice showed that PABA reduced UV damage. In addition, it was shown to protect against skin tumors in rodents, as shown by a 1975 study ran by Dr. Diane Sekura Snyder and Dr. Marian May.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, animal and <i>in vitro</i> studies in the early 1980s suggested PABA might increase the risk of cellular UV damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Sensitization_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sensitization-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of these studies, as well as problems with allergies and clothing discoloration, PABA fell out of favor as a sunscreen. In 2008 it was banned as a sunscreen ingredient in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and in 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> proposed its limited use.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, water-insoluble PABA derivatives such as <a href="/wiki/Padimate_O" title="Padimate O">padimate O</a> are currently used in some cosmetic products including mascara, concealer, and matte lipsticks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008, the advancement of new sunscreen is focused on developing a broad spectrum of active ingredients that provide consistent protection across all wavelengths, including UVA. Researchers are considering the PABA–TiO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Nanostructures that result from the method of aqueous in situ synthesis with PABA and TiO<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rahal,_R._2008_980–987_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rahal,_R._2008_980–987-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_considerations">Safety considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Safety considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PABA is largely nontoxic; the <a href="/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose">median lethal dose</a> of PABA in dogs (oral) is 2 g/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allergic reactions, specifically <a href="/wiki/Allergic_contact_dermatitis" title="Allergic contact dermatitis">Allergic Contact Dermatitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photocontact_dermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Photocontact dermatitis">Photocontact Dermatitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to PABA can occur. It is formed in the metabolism of certain ester local anesthetics, and many allergic reactions to local anesthetics are the result of reactions to PABA.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Aminobenzoic_acid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_de_Graaf1981" class="citation journal cs1">van de Graaf, Bas (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/jo00317a002">"Substituent effects. 7. 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Template:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Template talk:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Other_dermatological_preparations_(D11)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Dermatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermatological">dermatological</a> preparations (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D11" title="ATC code D11">D11</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-seborrheic" title="Anti-seborrheic">Anti-seborrheics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antifungal" title="Antifungal">Antifungals</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bifonazole" title="Bifonazole">Bifonazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetrimonium_bromide" title="Cetrimonium bromide">Cetrimonium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cetrimide" title="Cetrimide">cetrimide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclopirox_olamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclopirox olamine">Ciclopirox olamine (ciclopirox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbazole" title="Climbazole">Climbazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroctone_olamine" title="Piroctone olamine">Piroctone olamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">Selenium disulfide (selenium sulfide)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenysalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenysalate (page does not exist)">Xenysalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_pyrithione" title="Zinc pyrithione">Zinc pyrithione (pyrithione zinc)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antihistamine" title="Antihistamine">Antihistamines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calcineurin_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcineurin inhibitor">Calcineurin inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosporin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosporin">Cyclosporin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotretinoin" title="Isotretinoin">Isotretinoin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keratolytic" title="Keratolytic">Keratolytics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_tar" title="Coal tar">Coal tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorcinol" title="Resorcinol">Resorcinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">Urea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urea-containing_cream" title="Urea-containing cream">urea-containing cream</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">Lithium salts</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_gluconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium gluconate">Lithium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_succinate" title="Lithium succinate">Lithium succinate</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topical_steroid" title="Topical steroid">Topical corticosteroids</a></i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skin_whitening" title="Skin whitening">Skin lightening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroquinone" title="Hydroquinone">Hydroquinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mequinol" title="Mequinol">Mequinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monobenzone" title="Monobenzone">Monobenzone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">Skin darkening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afamelanotide" title="Afamelanotide">Afamelanotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanotan_II" title="Melanotan II">Melanotan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatories" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-inflammatories">Anti-inflammatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alitretinoin" title="Alitretinoin">Alitretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">Gamolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaceprol" title="Oxaceprol">Oxaceprol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Topical_steroid" title="Topical steroid">Topical corticosteroids</a></i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Alopecia treatments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor" title="5α-Reductase inhibitor">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto_extract" title="Saw palmetto extract">Saw palmetto extract</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topilutamide" title="Topilutamide">Topilutamide (fluridil)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Potassium channel openers</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">Minoxidil</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Others</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hair_growth_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair growth inhibitor">Hair growth inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor" title="5α-Reductase inhibitor">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eflornithine" title="Eflornithine">Eflornithine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrocitinib" title="Abrocitinib">Abrocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminobenzoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminobenzoate">Aminobenzoate potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">testosterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoylperoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzoylperoxide">Benzoylperoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimonidine" title="Brimonidine">Brimonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_gluconate" title="Calcium gluconate">Calcium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">Collagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisaborole" title="Crisaborole">Crisaborole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delgocitinib" title="Delgocitinib">Delgocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxycholic_acid" title="Deoxycholic acid">Deoxycholic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_tosylate" title="Glycopyrronium tosylate">Glycopyrronium tosylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid" title="Hyaluronic acid">Hyaluronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">Magnesium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metandienone" title="Metandienone">Metandienone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemolizumab" title="Nemolizumab">Nemolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oclacitinib" title="Oclacitinib">Oclacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetazoline" title="Oxymetazoline">Oxymetazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povidone-iodine" title="Povidone-iodine">Povidone-iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)" title="Progesterone (medication)">progesterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiratricol" title="Tiratricol">Tiratricol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sunscreening_agents_approved_by_the_US_FDA_or_other_agencies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sunscreening_agents" title="Template:Sunscreening agents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sunscreening_agents" title="Template talk:Sunscreening agents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sunscreening_agents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sunscreening agents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sunscreening_agents_approved_by_the_US_FDA_or_other_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sunscreen" title="Sunscreen">Sunscreening agents</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">approved by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">US FDA</a> or other agencies</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">UV</a>A: 400–315 nm</li> <li>UVB: 315–290 nm</li> <li><i>Chemical agents unless otherwise noted</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UVA filters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avobenzone" title="Avobenzone">Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisdisulizole_disodium" title="Bisdisulizole disodium">Bisdisulizole disodium (Neo Heliopan AP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethylamino_hydroxybenzoyl_hexyl_benzoate" title="Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate">Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul A Plus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecamsule" title="Ecamsule">Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthyl_anthranilate" title="Menthyl anthranilate">Menthyl anthranilate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UVB filters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiloxate" title="Amiloxate">Amiloxate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinoxate" title="Cinoxate">Cinoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylhexyl_triazone" title="Ethylhexyl triazone">Ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul T 150)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosalate" title="Homosalate">Homosalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzacamene" title="Enzacamene">4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octyl_methoxycinnamate" title="Octyl methoxycinnamate">Octyl methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octyl_salicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Octyl salicylate">Octyl salicylate (Octisalate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padimate_O" title="Padimate O">Padimate O (Escalol 507)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensulizole" title="Ensulizole">Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (Ensulizole)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysilicone-15" title="Polysilicone-15">Polysilicone-15 (Parsol SLX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolamine_salicylate" title="Trolamine salicylate">Trolamine salicylate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UVA+UVB filters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bemotrizinol" title="Bemotrizinol">Bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzophenone-n" title="Benzophenone-n">Benzophenones 1–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxybenzone" title="Dioxybenzone">Dioxybenzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drometrizole_trisiloxane" title="Drometrizole trisiloxane">Drometrizole trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iscotrizinol" title="Iscotrizinol">Iscotrizinol (Uvasorb HEB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octocrylene" title="Octocrylene">Octocrylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybenzone" title="Oxybenzone">Oxybenzone (Eusolex 4360)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulisobenzone" title="Sulisobenzone">Sulisobenzone</a></li> <li><i>Hybrid (chemical/physical):</i> <a href="/wiki/Bisoctrizole" title="Bisoctrizole">Bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M / Eversorb M)</a></li> <li><i>Physical:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioxide" title="Titanium dioxide">Titanium dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">Zinc oxide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Photoprotection" title="Photoprotection">Photoprotection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_protective_clothing" title="Sun protective clothing">Sun protective clothing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">Sun tanning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sunburn" title="Sunburn">Sunburn</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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