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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">despintar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><p><b>Barniz de Campera</b> ye una téunica artesanal autóctona bien antigua y carauterística de la ciudá de San Juan de Pasto al sur de <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, usada pa decorar oxetos usualmente de madera cola resina llograda d'un arbustu montés llamáu <b>Mopa-mopa</b> (<i>Elaeagia pastoensis L.E. Mora</i>) esistente nos montes andinos y na selva del Putumayo. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG/220px-Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG/330px-Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG/440px-Cofre_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1716" /></a><figcaption>Arca de madera pa xoyes, decoráu con barniz de Campera</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orixe">Orixe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Orixe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Orixe"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dellos historiadores atribúyen-y orixe incaicu pero seya que non la téunica yá esistía a la llegada de losespañoles al territoriu del actual departamentu de Nariño y más específicamente nel territoriu de les indíxenes Camperes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procesu">Procesu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Procesu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Procesu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_(watercolor_9074,_1853_CE).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9074%2C_1853_CE%29.png/220px-Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9074%2C_1853_CE%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9074%2C_1853_CE%29.png/330px-Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9074%2C_1853_CE%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9074%2C_1853_CE%29.png/440px-Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9074%2C_1853_CE%29.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption><i>Barnizadores de Campera</i>, Manuel María Paz (acuarela de 1853).</figcaption></figure> <p>Les fueyes y frutos del arbustu son macerados, cocinaos y molíos; la resina asina llograda ye molida, mazcada o amasada, buscando la meyor maleabilidad; finalmente ye coloriada y l'artesanu continua estendiéndola con ayuda de los sos dientes y manes pa formar la delgada película que xunta al oxetu que va decorar, usualmente de madera, pa depués retayala con un preséu cortante, dándo-y formes y diseños diversos. Una variación más refinada y costosa ye l'usu combináu de la película de resina tresparente con laminuques d'oru o plata y estañu. </p><p>El procedimientu nun ye puramente la simple aplicación d'un barniz como acabáu de resalte pos a la fin, na fase decorativa, demanda del ejecutante gran precisión y habilidá y un error o corte escesivu ye cuasi imposible de correxir sobremanera cuando s'usen delles capes y colores. </p><p>Como toa téunica artesanal ancestral los sos secretos tresmitiéronse de padres a fíos y los diseños y colores nes distintes dómines reflexaron la moda imperante o en boga. Nos últimos años delles instituciones como la Universidá de Nariño y Artesaníes de Colombia intervinieron pa caltenimientu de la téunica y un desarrollu principalmente a partir del diseñu y l'aplicación decorativa. </p><p>La téunica ye practicada por dellos artesanos na ciudá de San Juan de Pasto como Gilberto Granxa, Jesús Ceballos y José María Obando ente otros, quien s'encarguen de caltener l'oficiu y la téunica vixentes pa tresmitila a les siguientes xeneraciones qu'aplicando innovaciones nel diseñu #caltener vixente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usos">Usos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Usos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Usos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Xeneralmente'l barniz de Campera usase pa decorar instrumentos y oxetos de madera tallao utilitarios o decorativos, como bandexes, platos, tazones, arques, bomboneres y ánfores. En menor frecuencia tamién s'usó pa decorar muebles como bargueños y bagules. Nos últimos años el maestru Eduardo Muñoz Lora tamién aplica la téunica en llenzu templáu sobre bastidor pa producir obres pictóriques orixinales col so estilu carauterísticu.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG/120px-Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG/180px-Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG/240px-Figura_de_madera_con_barniz_de_pasto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG/120px-Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG/180px-Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG/240px-Figuritas_con_barniz_de_Pasto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg/120px-Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg/180px-Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg/240px-Barniz_Pasto_091705_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barniz_de_Pasto&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/bar/bar3.htm">Mopa - mopa o Barniz de Campera- Nina S. de Friedman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313043216/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/bar/bar3.htm">Archiváu</a> 2009-03-13 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barnizdepasto.com/index.html">Mopa-Mopa - Gilberto Granxa</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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