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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":9286111,"link":"https://www.facebook.com/patrick.m.bray","name":"Facebook","link_domain":"www.facebook.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.facebook.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray","location":"/PatrickBray","scheme":"https","host":"ucl.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/PatrickBray","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-6ae663ef-c1a5-47bc-865a-de0526518477"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-6ae663ef-c1a5-47bc-865a-de0526518477"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Patrick M Bray" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/25405237/6935611/8045986/s200_patrick.bray.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Patrick M Bray</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/">University College London</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/Departments/SELCS_French_/Documents">SELCS (French)</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Patrick" data-follow-user-id="25405237" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="25405237"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">249</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">182</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">2</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/PatrickBray/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Director, Centre for French and Francophone Research. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/institute-of-advanced-studies/centre-french-and-francophone-research<br />My research and teaching interests span a variety of topics in modern French literature and theory – especially space, first-person narrative, the concept of the event, and the relationship between text and image. I have published articles and presented conference papers on a variety of authors and thinkers such as Rancière, Deleuze, Virilio, Derrida, Cixous, Houellebecq, Proust, Nerval, Sand, and others.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnneliesSchulteNordholt"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Annelies Schulte Nordholt" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" 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href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>47</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>4</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Patrick M Bray</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82928810"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82928810/Anxious_Influencers_Reading_the_Nineteenth_Century_in_2021"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anxious Influencers – Reading the Nineteenth Century in 2021" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92848569/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82928810/Anxious_Influencers_Reading_the_Nineteenth_Century_in_2021">Anxious Influencers – Reading the Nineteenth Century in 2021</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Dix-Neuf</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Looking at the conditions of academic work in ¶ nineteenth-century French literature as well as t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Looking at the conditions of academic work in ¶ nineteenth-century French literature as well as the foundations of the discipline of literary studies, this article argues that the study of literature in an historical context allows for a flexibility in conceptual frameworks. Readings attentive to the anxiety of overinterpreting the past, creating the possibility for us to compare the differences between historical ways of ordering perception, that is to say how new concepts emerge from textual forms. Works written around the events of July 1830, Hugo ¶ 's Notre-Dame de Paris, Stendhal ¶ 's Le Rouge et le Noir, and Sand ¶ 's Indiana serve as a case study.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cfbac3e04e7e314bd80735091f145792" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92848569,"asset_id":82928810,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92848569/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82928810"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82928810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82928810; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016638"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016638/_Dried_Fruits_Flaubert_Marx_and_the_Literary_Historical_Event"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Dried Fruits”: Flaubert, Marx, and the Literary-Historical Event" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701500/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016638/_Dried_Fruits_Flaubert_Marx_and_the_Literary_Historical_Event">“Dried Fruits”: Flaubert, Marx, and the Literary-Historical Event</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Modern Language Quarterly</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay looks at Gustave Flaubert’s L’éducation sentimentale as a “literary-historical event,”...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay looks at Gustave Flaubert’s L’éducation sentimentale as a “literary-historical event,” that is, an event that becomes legible only by a literary text. Flaubert’s novel attempted to turn the ambiguous political events of 1848 and the coup d’état of Napoleon III into a literary manifesto and a history of his generation. One of the novel’s early titles was “Dried Fruits,” which conveys a sense of preserved youth or even lost potential that can be exploited later. Flaubert’s novel explores what changes over time and what inevitably repeats in apparently singular historical events. Similarly, Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte famously uses literary and theatrical tropes to explain the same events as Flaubert as they unfolded. Both Flaubert and Marx show us that literary form (irony, farce, attention to linguistic repetition) participates in the politicization of, and the resistance to, historical events.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7a4a2c210e33a1c3aded7eb48e7e4cdf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701500,"asset_id":76016638,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701500/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016638"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016638; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016637"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016637/Introduction_Toward_a_New_Aesthetic_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Introduction: Toward a New Aesthetic Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92848687/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016637/Introduction_Toward_a_New_Aesthetic_Theory">Introduction: Toward a New Aesthetic Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Understanding Rancière, Understanding Modernism</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The contemporary French philosopher Jacques Rancière has become over the past two decades one of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The contemporary French philosopher Jacques Rancière has become over the past two decades one of the most influential voices in literary, art historical, and film criticism. His work reexamines the divisions that have defined our understanding of modernity, such as those between art and politics, representation and abstraction, and literature and philosophy. Working across these divisions, he engages the historical roots of modernism at the end of the eighteenth century , uncovering forgotten texts in the archive that trouble our notions of intellectual history. Rancière&amp;#39;s story is that of a generation that Hélène Cixous called &amp;quot; les incor-ruptibles &amp;quot; (after the revolutionary leader Robespierre), placing him in dialogue with and as a successor to Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy, and others. 1 As a young student at the prestigious École Normale Supérieure, Rancière contributed, along with Étienne Balibar, to Louis Althusser&amp;#39;s Reading Capital in 1965. The outsized aspirations and deceptions of May 1968 led Rancière and many others to question the paradoxical elitism of academic Marxism, and in 1974 he published a repudiation of Althusser, Althusser&amp;#39;s Lesson. Rancière&amp;#39;s simple yet formidable revelation was that Marxist theorists, indeed nearly all philosophers, claim to speak for the people as their natural representatives, but in so doing they deny the very equality they supposedly espouse. Like Michel Foucault before him, Rancière returned to the archives to find the traces of popular philosophy and literature, silenced by their benevolent spokesmen. What he discovered were workers who aspired to be poets and philosophers, seeking emancipation through writing. 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La lecture dans Nanon</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016634"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016634"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016634; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016634]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016634; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016634']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016634]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016634,"title":"Communauté et sens du spectacle. La lecture dans Nanon","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016634/Communaut%C3%A9_et_sens_du_spectacle_La_lecture_dans_Nanon","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016633"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016633/Flaubert_s_Cailloux_Hard_Labour_and_the_Beauty_of_Stones"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flaubert’s Cailloux: Hard Labour and the Beauty of Stones" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016633/Flaubert_s_Cailloux_Hard_Labour_and_the_Beauty_of_Stones">Flaubert’s Cailloux: Hard Labour and the Beauty of Stones</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gustave Flaubert famously referred to himself as a ‘casseur de cailloux’ [common stonebreaker], i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gustave Flaubert famously referred to himself as a ‘casseur de cailloux’ [common stonebreaker], intriguing future literary critics, who tend to think of him as the hardest-working chiseller of sentences. This contrast between mental labour and physical labour belies other connections that help us understand how Flaubert’s text relates to corporeality, labour, politics, and aesthetics. Flaubert’s ‘cailloux’, or stones, especially in Bouvard et Pecuchet, mediate between the materiality of ink on the page and the abstract meaning of words, resulting in a text that is both ‘pulverized’ and transcendent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016633"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016633"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016633; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016633]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016633]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016633; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016633']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016633]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016633,"title":"Flaubert’s Cailloux: Hard Labour and the Beauty of Stones","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016633/Flaubert_s_Cailloux_Hard_Labour_and_the_Beauty_of_Stones","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016631"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016631/Conceptualizing_the_novel_map_nineteenth_century_French_literary_cartography"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualizing the novel map: nineteenth-century French literary cartography" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016631/Conceptualizing_the_novel_map_nineteenth_century_French_literary_cartography">Conceptualizing the novel map: nineteenth-century French literary cartography</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">“Conceptualizing the Novel Map: Nineteenth-Century French Literary Cartography.” Literature and C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">“Conceptualizing the Novel Map: Nineteenth-Century French Literary Cartography.” Literature and Cartography, edited by Anders Engberg-Pedersen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2017).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016631"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016631"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016631; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016631]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016631]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016631,"title":"Conceptualizing the novel map: nineteenth-century French literary cartography","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016631/Conceptualizing_the_novel_map_nineteenth_century_French_literary_cartography","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016630/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_by_Patrick_ffrench_review_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Thinking Cinema with Proust by Patrick ffrench (review)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016630/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_by_Patrick_ffrench_review_">Thinking Cinema with Proust by Patrick ffrench (review)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>French Studies</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016630]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016630']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016630]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016630,"title":"Thinking Cinema with Proust by Patrick ffrench (review)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016630/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_by_Patrick_ffrench_review_","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016629"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016629/Aesthetics_in_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers_Reading_Virilio_in_the_Twenty_First_Century"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Aesthetics in the Shadow of No Towers : Reading Virilio in the Twenty-First Century" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016629/Aesthetics_in_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers_Reading_Virilio_in_the_Twenty_First_Century">Aesthetics in the Shadow of No Towers : Reading Virilio in the Twenty-First Century</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Yale French Studies</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... 18. Katalin Orb?n argues that the materiality of Spiegelman&#x27;s book and his relative avoi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... 18. Katalin Orb?n argues that the materiality of Spiegelman&#x27;s book and his relative avoidance of sequential images (the trademark of the comic form) amounts to an &quot;anti narrative impulse&quot; (29) that freezes time at the moment of the 9/11 attacks: &quot;[In the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016629"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016629]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016629']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016629]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016629,"title":"Aesthetics in the Shadow of No Towers : Reading Virilio in the Twenty-First Century","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016629/Aesthetics_in_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers_Reading_Virilio_in_the_Twenty_First_Century","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016628"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016628/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_By_Patrick_ffrench"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Thinking Cinema with Proust. By Patrick ffrench" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701501/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016628/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_By_Patrick_ffrench">Thinking Cinema with Proust. By Patrick ffrench</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study aims to determine the effect of environmental costs, environmental performance and ISO...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study aims to determine the effect of environmental costs, environmental performance and ISO 14001, on financial performance. This study used a sample of 15 annual financial statements of mining companies during the 2014-2017 period. The method of determining the sample used in this study was purposive sampling. The hypothesis in this study was tested using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that environmental performance has a significant effect on financial performance (ROI). Whereas ISO 14001 and environmental costs have no significant effect on financial performance. Based on the results of statistical tests t of the three variables namely environmental cost variables, environmental performance and ISO 14001 there is only one variable that has a significant effect, namely environmental performance variables with a significance of 0.025 <0.05 and two variables namely ISO 14001 and Environmental Costs have no significant effect on ROI , this can be seen from the significance values for ISO of 0.117> 0.05 and environmental costs of 0.838> 0.05. Based on the results of calculations can be seen from the coefficient of determination R obtained is 17.7% of the numbers giving the meaning that the variable Environmental Costs,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9085e27968bff06cbd4bca96024e1277" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701501,"asset_id":76016628,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701501/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016628"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016628"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016628; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016628]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016628; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016628']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9085e27968bff06cbd4bca96024e1277" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016628]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016628,"title":"Thinking Cinema with Proust. 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Proust ed. by André Benhaïm","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016627/The_Strange_M_Proust_ed_by_Andr%C3%A9_Benha%C3%AFm","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016626"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016626/The_Debris_of_Experience_The_Cinema_of_Marcel_Proust_and_Raoul_Ruiz"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The “Debris of Experience”: The Cinema of Marcel Proust and Raoul Ruiz" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701497/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016626/The_Debris_of_Experience_The_Cinema_of_Marcel_Proust_and_Raoul_Ruiz">The “Debris of Experience”: The Cinema of Marcel Proust and Raoul Ruiz</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Romanic Review</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу предметного содержания философии и науки. Показано, что ф...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу предметного содержания философии и науки. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016625/Book_Review_Francesco_Manzini_Stendhal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Francesco Manzini: Stendhal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701498/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016625/Book_Review_Francesco_Manzini_Stendhal">Book Review: Francesco Manzini: Stendhal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of European Studies</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We may be living in an age of cant, akin to the one Stendhal, after Byron, deplored in the early ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We may be living in an age of cant, akin to the one Stendhal, after Byron, deplored in the early nineteenth century. Intellectual and political speech, or simply unorthodox behavior, while no longer repressed by Western governments, can be strictly policed and monitored by various ideological camps, from the simply politically correct to the extreme of what has become known and derided as 'cancel culture.' Henri Beyle, known by his most famous (but by no means only) pseudonym, Stendhal, was anything but conventional. It's no wonder, then, that Stendhal, an idiosyncratic thinker and often deliberate provocateur, isn't particularly in fashion these days in the Anglophone world, just as he was relatively obscure in his own time. For most of the twentieth century, however, Stendhal was one of the most studied and taught authors of the French canon; according to WorldCat, he is the subject of more than 4,000 print books. And yet, in Anglophone French Studies at least, it's rare to see a conference panel on Stendhal and rarer still a seminar dedicated to his work. In his wonderful new biography of the French author, Francesco Manzini describes the paradox of Stendhal's active selection of his readership as he flatters those of us dedicated readers (the 'happy few') and confounds the rest by writing in a sort of 'code'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ce23ff6c58ca65e2519c196d899a2632" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701498,"asset_id":76016625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701498/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016625; 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Sous la direction de Marianne Bouchardon et Myriam Dufour-Maître" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016624/L_Ombre_dans_l_%C5%93uvre_la_critique_dans_l_%C5%93uvre_litt%C3%A9raire_Sous_la_direction_de_Marianne_Bouchardon_et_Myriam_Dufour_Ma%C3%AEtre">L’Ombre dans l’œuvre: la critique dans l’œuvre littéraire. Sous la direction de Marianne Bouchardon et Myriam Dufour-Maître</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>French Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016624"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016624]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016624']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016624]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016624,"title":"L’Ombre dans l’œuvre: la critique dans l’œuvre littéraire. Sous la direction de Marianne Bouchardon et Myriam Dufour-Maître","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016624/L_Ombre_dans_l_%C5%93uvre_la_critique_dans_l_%C5%93uvre_litt%C3%A9raire_Sous_la_direction_de_Marianne_Bouchardon_et_Myriam_Dufour_Ma%C3%AEtre","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016623"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016623/Lazy_Proust_and_Literary_Work_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lazy Proust and Literary ‘Work’" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016623/Lazy_Proust_and_Literary_Work_">Lazy Proust and Literary ‘Work’</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nottingham French Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">One of the enduring clichés about Proust and his narrator in À la recherche du temps perdu is the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">One of the enduring clichés about Proust and his narrator in À la recherche du temps perdu is the image of an effete snob who wastes half his life in high society and spends the other half writing a self-indulgent autobiography. In popular culture, those who read Proust are thought to waste an almost inconceivable amount of time on a frivolous object of elitist culture, all the more so since only the rich can afford the leisure time to read 3500 pages of dense prose. Yet…</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016623"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016623"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016623; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016623]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016623]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016623; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016623']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016623]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016623,"title":"Lazy Proust and Literary ‘Work’","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016623/Lazy_Proust_and_Literary_Work_","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016622"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016622/Verena_Andermatt_Conley_Spatial_Ecologies_Urban_Sites_State_and_World_Space_in_French_Cultural_Theory_Contemporary_French_and_Francophone_Cultures_21"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Verena Andermatt Conley, Spatial Ecologies: Urban Sites, State and World-Space in French Cultural Theory, Contemporary French and Francophone Cultures 21" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016622/Verena_Andermatt_Conley_Spatial_Ecologies_Urban_Sites_State_and_World_Space_in_French_Cultural_Theory_Contemporary_French_and_Francophone_Cultures_21">Verena Andermatt Conley, Spatial Ecologies: Urban Sites, State and World-Space in French Cultural Theory, Contemporary French and Francophone Cultures 21</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>French Forum</span><span>, Sep 22, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016622"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016622"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016622; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016622]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016622]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016622; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016622']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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} }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016621"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016621/Patrick_M_Bray_Lost_in_the_Fold_Space_and_Subjectivity_in_G%C3%83_rard_de_Nervals_G%C3%83_n%C3%83_alogie_and_Sylvie_French_Forum_31_2"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Patrick M. Bray - Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in GÃ©rard de Nerval's "GÃ©nÃ©alogie" and Sylvie - French Forum 31:2" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016621/Patrick_M_Bray_Lost_in_the_Fold_Space_and_Subjectivity_in_G%C3%83_rard_de_Nervals_G%C3%83_n%C3%83_alogie_and_Sylvie_French_Forum_31_2">Patrick M. Bray - Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in GÃ©rard de Nerval's "GÃ©nÃ©alogie" and Sylvie - French Forum 31:2</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016621"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016621]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016621']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016621]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016621,"title":"Patrick M. Bray - Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in GÃ©rard de Nerval's \"GÃ©nÃ©alogie\" and Sylvie - French Forum 31:2","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016621/Patrick_M_Bray_Lost_in_the_Fold_Space_and_Subjectivity_in_G%C3%83_rard_de_Nervals_G%C3%83_n%C3%83_alogie_and_Sylvie_French_Forum_31_2","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016620"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016620/Balzac_and_the_Chagrin_of_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Balzac and the Chagrin of Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016620/Balzac_and_the_Chagrin_of_Theory">Balzac and the Chagrin of Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'Esprit Créateur</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">HONORÉ DE BALZAC’S 1831 NOVEL La peau de chagrin presents the reader with a baffling array of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">HONORÉ DE BALZAC’S 1831 NOVEL La peau de chagrin presents the reader with a baffling array of theories on subjects ranging from willpower and mechanics to politics and medicine. The ‘theoreticians’ competing for narrative legitimacy are nearly as diverse as the theories they expound: the narrator, Raphaël de Valentin, Eugène de Rastignac, an ancient antiques dealer, as well as scientists, journalists, courtesans, and a host of other characters. Lost, perhaps, in all of these theories in the novel is a comprehensive theory of the novel, of literary thought, which is to say how this or any novel constructs and represents meaning for the reader. I argue that Balzac’s novel, which opens his Études philosophiques, inscribes within its pages a theory of its own writing that problematizes the role of fiction, desire, and the visual in theory itself. As the above quote from Marcel Proust’s last and most theoretical volume of À la recherche du temps perdu suggests, a novel that displays its own literary theories shows as much bad taste as leaving a price tag on an object. Presumably, only a writer unsure of the value of a work would need to provide the reader with a theory of literature or a measure of literary quality. In so doing, if we follow Proust, the literary “work” becomes an “object,” one that loses its status as artistic creation when it enters into a monetary exchange. When a theory of the novel is crassly written into the narrative, its self-defined worth is visible and readable (like a price that is decipherable on a visible tag), and the novel enters into something akin to a marketplace, it commodifies itself by some mysterious alchemy. Polite literary society thus demands that theory be invisible, that literature’s value be undeclared yet self-evident, limited perhaps to those “happy few” who know its price and can afford it. La peau de chagrin, although disregarding literary good taste in innumerable ways, obeys Proust’s injunction and displaces and diffuses its theory of the novel across all the other theories represented in the work. When a theory becomes a fictional representation, its claim to truth (where the inscribed concept matches its external referent) becomes secondary to the theory’s role in establishing the novel’s aesthetic truth (a structural harmony that may or may not exist outside of the text). Narrative logic takes the place of scientific</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016620"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016620; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016620]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016620]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016620; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016620']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016620]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016620,"title":"Balzac and the Chagrin of Theory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016620/Balzac_and_the_Chagrin_of_Theory","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016619"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016619/Prose_Constructions_Nerval_Baudelaire_and_the_Louvre"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prose Constructions: Nerval, Baudelaire, and the Louvre" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016619/Prose_Constructions_Nerval_Baudelaire_and_the_Louvre">Prose Constructions: Nerval, Baudelaire, and the Louvre</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'Esprit Créateur</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines the destruction of the bohemian neighborhood known as Le Doyenné found with...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines the destruction of the bohemian neighborhood known as Le Doyenné found within the wings of the Louvre during Napoleon III’s remodeling of national politics and Parisian space. The razing of this quartier by Second Empire authorities simultaneously effaced from view artists and the poor. Gérard de Nerval’s two nostalgic works about the time he lived in the Doyenné neighborhood, La Bohême galante and Petits châteaux de Bohême: Prose et poésie along with Charles Baudelaire’s Spleen de Paris: Petits poèmes en prose form the aesthetic response to this political, spatial, and semiotic crisis through their writing of poetry into prose.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016619"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016619"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016619; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016619]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016619]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016619; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016619']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Readings attentive to the anxiety of overinterpreting the past, creating the possibility for us to compare the differences between historical ways of ordering perception, that is to say how new concepts emerge from textual forms. Works written around the events of July 1830, Hugo ¶ 's Notre-Dame de Paris, Stendhal ¶ 's Le Rouge et le Noir, and Sand ¶ 's Indiana serve as a case study.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cfbac3e04e7e314bd80735091f145792" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92848569,"asset_id":82928810,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92848569/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82928810"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82928810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82928810; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016638"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016638/_Dried_Fruits_Flaubert_Marx_and_the_Literary_Historical_Event"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Dried Fruits”: Flaubert, Marx, and the Literary-Historical Event" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701500/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016638/_Dried_Fruits_Flaubert_Marx_and_the_Literary_Historical_Event">“Dried Fruits”: Flaubert, Marx, and the Literary-Historical Event</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Modern Language Quarterly</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay looks at Gustave Flaubert’s L’éducation sentimentale as a “literary-historical event,”...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay looks at Gustave Flaubert’s L’éducation sentimentale as a “literary-historical event,” that is, an event that becomes legible only by a literary text. Flaubert’s novel attempted to turn the ambiguous political events of 1848 and the coup d’état of Napoleon III into a literary manifesto and a history of his generation. One of the novel’s early titles was “Dried Fruits,” which conveys a sense of preserved youth or even lost potential that can be exploited later. Flaubert’s novel explores what changes over time and what inevitably repeats in apparently singular historical events. Similarly, Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte famously uses literary and theatrical tropes to explain the same events as Flaubert as they unfolded. Both Flaubert and Marx show us that literary form (irony, farce, attention to linguistic repetition) participates in the politicization of, and the resistance to, historical events.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7a4a2c210e33a1c3aded7eb48e7e4cdf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701500,"asset_id":76016638,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701500/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016638"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016638; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016637"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016637/Introduction_Toward_a_New_Aesthetic_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Introduction: Toward a New Aesthetic Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92848687/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016637/Introduction_Toward_a_New_Aesthetic_Theory">Introduction: Toward a New Aesthetic Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Understanding Rancière, Understanding Modernism</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The contemporary French philosopher Jacques Rancière has become over the past two decades one of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The contemporary French philosopher Jacques Rancière has become over the past two decades one of the most influential voices in literary, art historical, and film criticism. His work reexamines the divisions that have defined our understanding of modernity, such as those between art and politics, representation and abstraction, and literature and philosophy. Working across these divisions, he engages the historical roots of modernism at the end of the eighteenth century , uncovering forgotten texts in the archive that trouble our notions of intellectual history. Rancière&amp;#39;s story is that of a generation that Hélène Cixous called &amp;quot; les incor-ruptibles &amp;quot; (after the revolutionary leader Robespierre), placing him in dialogue with and as a successor to Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy, and others. 1 As a young student at the prestigious École Normale Supérieure, Rancière contributed, along with Étienne Balibar, to Louis Althusser&amp;#39;s Reading Capital in 1965. The outsized aspirations and deceptions of May 1968 led Rancière and many others to question the paradoxical elitism of academic Marxism, and in 1974 he published a repudiation of Althusser, Althusser&amp;#39;s Lesson. Rancière&amp;#39;s simple yet formidable revelation was that Marxist theorists, indeed nearly all philosophers, claim to speak for the people as their natural representatives, but in so doing they deny the very equality they supposedly espouse. Like Michel Foucault before him, Rancière returned to the archives to find the traces of popular philosophy and literature, silenced by their benevolent spokesmen. What he discovered were workers who aspired to be poets and philosophers, seeking emancipation through writing. 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La lecture dans Nanon" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016634/Communaut%C3%A9_et_sens_du_spectacle_La_lecture_dans_Nanon">Communauté et sens du spectacle. 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La lecture dans Nanon","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016634/Communaut%C3%A9_et_sens_du_spectacle_La_lecture_dans_Nanon","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016633"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016633/Flaubert_s_Cailloux_Hard_Labour_and_the_Beauty_of_Stones"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flaubert’s Cailloux: Hard Labour and the Beauty of Stones" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016633/Flaubert_s_Cailloux_Hard_Labour_and_the_Beauty_of_Stones">Flaubert’s Cailloux: Hard Labour and the Beauty of Stones</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gustave Flaubert famously referred to himself as a ‘casseur de cailloux’ [common stonebreaker], i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gustave Flaubert famously referred to himself as a ‘casseur de cailloux’ [common stonebreaker], intriguing future literary critics, who tend to think of him as the hardest-working chiseller of sentences. This contrast between mental labour and physical labour belies other connections that help us understand how Flaubert’s text relates to corporeality, labour, politics, and aesthetics. Flaubert’s ‘cailloux’, or stones, especially in Bouvard et Pecuchet, mediate between the materiality of ink on the page and the abstract meaning of words, resulting in a text that is both ‘pulverized’ and transcendent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016633"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016633"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016633; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016633]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016633]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016633; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016633']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016633]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016633,"title":"Flaubert’s Cailloux: Hard Labour and the Beauty of Stones","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016633/Flaubert_s_Cailloux_Hard_Labour_and_the_Beauty_of_Stones","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016631"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016631/Conceptualizing_the_novel_map_nineteenth_century_French_literary_cartography"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualizing the novel map: nineteenth-century French literary cartography" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016631/Conceptualizing_the_novel_map_nineteenth_century_French_literary_cartography">Conceptualizing the novel map: nineteenth-century French literary cartography</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">“Conceptualizing the Novel Map: Nineteenth-Century French Literary Cartography.” Literature and C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">“Conceptualizing the Novel Map: Nineteenth-Century French Literary Cartography.” Literature and Cartography, edited by Anders Engberg-Pedersen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2017).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016631"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016631"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016631; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016631]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016631; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016631']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016631]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016631,"title":"Conceptualizing the novel map: nineteenth-century French literary cartography","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016631/Conceptualizing_the_novel_map_nineteenth_century_French_literary_cartography","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016630/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_by_Patrick_ffrench_review_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Thinking Cinema with Proust by Patrick ffrench (review)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016630/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_by_Patrick_ffrench_review_">Thinking Cinema with Proust by Patrick ffrench (review)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>French Studies</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016630]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016630']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016630]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016630,"title":"Thinking Cinema with Proust by Patrick ffrench (review)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016630/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_by_Patrick_ffrench_review_","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016629"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016629/Aesthetics_in_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers_Reading_Virilio_in_the_Twenty_First_Century"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Aesthetics in the Shadow of No Towers : Reading Virilio in the Twenty-First Century" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016629/Aesthetics_in_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers_Reading_Virilio_in_the_Twenty_First_Century">Aesthetics in the Shadow of No Towers : Reading Virilio in the Twenty-First Century</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Yale French Studies</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... 18. Katalin Orb?n argues that the materiality of Spiegelman&#x27;s book and his relative avoi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... 18. Katalin Orb?n argues that the materiality of Spiegelman&#x27;s book and his relative avoidance of sequential images (the trademark of the comic form) amounts to an &quot;anti narrative impulse&quot; (29) that freezes time at the moment of the 9/11 attacks: &quot;[In the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016629"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016629]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016629']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016629]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016629,"title":"Aesthetics in the Shadow of No Towers : Reading Virilio in the Twenty-First Century","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016629/Aesthetics_in_the_Shadow_of_No_Towers_Reading_Virilio_in_the_Twenty_First_Century","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016628"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016628/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_By_Patrick_ffrench"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Thinking Cinema with Proust. By Patrick ffrench" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701501/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016628/Thinking_Cinema_with_Proust_By_Patrick_ffrench">Thinking Cinema with Proust. By Patrick ffrench</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study aims to determine the effect of environmental costs, environmental performance and ISO...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study aims to determine the effect of environmental costs, environmental performance and ISO 14001, on financial performance. This study used a sample of 15 annual financial statements of mining companies during the 2014-2017 period. The method of determining the sample used in this study was purposive sampling. The hypothesis in this study was tested using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that environmental performance has a significant effect on financial performance (ROI). Whereas ISO 14001 and environmental costs have no significant effect on financial performance. Based on the results of statistical tests t of the three variables namely environmental cost variables, environmental performance and ISO 14001 there is only one variable that has a significant effect, namely environmental performance variables with a significance of 0.025 <0.05 and two variables namely ISO 14001 and Environmental Costs have no significant effect on ROI , this can be seen from the significance values for ISO of 0.117> 0.05 and environmental costs of 0.838> 0.05. Based on the results of calculations can be seen from the coefficient of determination R obtained is 17.7% of the numbers giving the meaning that the variable Environmental Costs,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9085e27968bff06cbd4bca96024e1277" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701501,"asset_id":76016628,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701501/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016628"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016628"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016628; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016628]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016628; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016628']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9085e27968bff06cbd4bca96024e1277" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016628]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016628,"title":"Thinking Cinema with Proust. 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Proust ed. by André Benhaïm" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016627/The_Strange_M_Proust_ed_by_Andr%C3%A9_Benha%C3%AFm">The Strange M. Proust ed. by André Benhaïm</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The French Review</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016627"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016627; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016627]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016627; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016627']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016627]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016627,"title":"The Strange M. Proust ed. by André Benhaïm","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016627/The_Strange_M_Proust_ed_by_Andr%C3%A9_Benha%C3%AFm","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016626"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016626/The_Debris_of_Experience_The_Cinema_of_Marcel_Proust_and_Raoul_Ruiz"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The “Debris of Experience”: The Cinema of Marcel Proust and Raoul Ruiz" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701497/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016626/The_Debris_of_Experience_The_Cinema_of_Marcel_Proust_and_Raoul_Ruiz">The “Debris of Experience”: The Cinema of Marcel Proust and Raoul Ruiz</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Romanic Review</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу предметного содержания философии и науки. Показано, что ф...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу предметного содержания философии и науки. Показано, что философское знание, в отличие от научного, не может объективироваться, воплощаться в предметных формах, хотя по уровню теоретичности не уступает последнему.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="55407309aab8a1f95e05c8cf286c3d5a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701497,"asset_id":76016626,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701497/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016626"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016626]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016626']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016625/Book_Review_Francesco_Manzini_Stendhal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Francesco Manzini: Stendhal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83701498/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016625/Book_Review_Francesco_Manzini_Stendhal">Book Review: Francesco Manzini: Stendhal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of European Studies</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We may be living in an age of cant, akin to the one Stendhal, after Byron, deplored in the early ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We may be living in an age of cant, akin to the one Stendhal, after Byron, deplored in the early nineteenth century. Intellectual and political speech, or simply unorthodox behavior, while no longer repressed by Western governments, can be strictly policed and monitored by various ideological camps, from the simply politically correct to the extreme of what has become known and derided as 'cancel culture.' Henri Beyle, known by his most famous (but by no means only) pseudonym, Stendhal, was anything but conventional. It's no wonder, then, that Stendhal, an idiosyncratic thinker and often deliberate provocateur, isn't particularly in fashion these days in the Anglophone world, just as he was relatively obscure in his own time. For most of the twentieth century, however, Stendhal was one of the most studied and taught authors of the French canon; according to WorldCat, he is the subject of more than 4,000 print books. And yet, in Anglophone French Studies at least, it's rare to see a conference panel on Stendhal and rarer still a seminar dedicated to his work. In his wonderful new biography of the French author, Francesco Manzini describes the paradox of Stendhal's active selection of his readership as he flatters those of us dedicated readers (the 'happy few') and confounds the rest by writing in a sort of 'code'.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ce23ff6c58ca65e2519c196d899a2632" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83701498,"asset_id":76016625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83701498/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016625; 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Bray - Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in GÃ©rard de Nerval's "GÃ©nÃ©alogie" and Sylvie - French Forum 31:2" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016621/Patrick_M_Bray_Lost_in_the_Fold_Space_and_Subjectivity_in_G%C3%83_rard_de_Nervals_G%C3%83_n%C3%83_alogie_and_Sylvie_French_Forum_31_2">Patrick M. Bray - Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in GÃ©rard de Nerval's "GÃ©nÃ©alogie" and Sylvie - French Forum 31:2</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016621"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016621]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016621']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016621]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016621,"title":"Patrick M. Bray - Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in GÃ©rard de Nerval's \"GÃ©nÃ©alogie\" and Sylvie - French Forum 31:2","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016621/Patrick_M_Bray_Lost_in_the_Fold_Space_and_Subjectivity_in_G%C3%83_rard_de_Nervals_G%C3%83_n%C3%83_alogie_and_Sylvie_French_Forum_31_2","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016620"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016620/Balzac_and_the_Chagrin_of_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Balzac and the Chagrin of Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016620/Balzac_and_the_Chagrin_of_Theory">Balzac and the Chagrin of Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'Esprit Créateur</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">HONORÉ DE BALZAC’S 1831 NOVEL La peau de chagrin presents the reader with a baffling array of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">HONORÉ DE BALZAC’S 1831 NOVEL La peau de chagrin presents the reader with a baffling array of theories on subjects ranging from willpower and mechanics to politics and medicine. The ‘theoreticians’ competing for narrative legitimacy are nearly as diverse as the theories they expound: the narrator, Raphaël de Valentin, Eugène de Rastignac, an ancient antiques dealer, as well as scientists, journalists, courtesans, and a host of other characters. Lost, perhaps, in all of these theories in the novel is a comprehensive theory of the novel, of literary thought, which is to say how this or any novel constructs and represents meaning for the reader. I argue that Balzac’s novel, which opens his Études philosophiques, inscribes within its pages a theory of its own writing that problematizes the role of fiction, desire, and the visual in theory itself. As the above quote from Marcel Proust’s last and most theoretical volume of À la recherche du temps perdu suggests, a novel that displays its own literary theories shows as much bad taste as leaving a price tag on an object. Presumably, only a writer unsure of the value of a work would need to provide the reader with a theory of literature or a measure of literary quality. In so doing, if we follow Proust, the literary “work” becomes an “object,” one that loses its status as artistic creation when it enters into a monetary exchange. When a theory of the novel is crassly written into the narrative, its self-defined worth is visible and readable (like a price that is decipherable on a visible tag), and the novel enters into something akin to a marketplace, it commodifies itself by some mysterious alchemy. Polite literary society thus demands that theory be invisible, that literature’s value be undeclared yet self-evident, limited perhaps to those “happy few” who know its price and can afford it. La peau de chagrin, although disregarding literary good taste in innumerable ways, obeys Proust’s injunction and displaces and diffuses its theory of the novel across all the other theories represented in the work. When a theory becomes a fictional representation, its claim to truth (where the inscribed concept matches its external referent) becomes secondary to the theory’s role in establishing the novel’s aesthetic truth (a structural harmony that may or may not exist outside of the text). Narrative logic takes the place of scientific</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016620"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016620; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016620]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016620]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016620; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016620']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016620]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016620,"title":"Balzac and the Chagrin of Theory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016620/Balzac_and_the_Chagrin_of_Theory","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016619"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016619/Prose_Constructions_Nerval_Baudelaire_and_the_Louvre"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prose Constructions: Nerval, Baudelaire, and the Louvre" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016619/Prose_Constructions_Nerval_Baudelaire_and_the_Louvre">Prose Constructions: Nerval, Baudelaire, and the Louvre</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'Esprit Créateur</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article examines the destruction of the bohemian neighborhood known as Le Doyenné found with...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article examines the destruction of the bohemian neighborhood known as Le Doyenné found within the wings of the Louvre during Napoleon III’s remodeling of national politics and Parisian space. The razing of this quartier by Second Empire authorities simultaneously effaced from view artists and the poor. Gérard de Nerval’s two nostalgic works about the time he lived in the Doyenné neighborhood, La Bohême galante and Petits châteaux de Bohême: Prose et poésie along with Charles Baudelaire’s Spleen de Paris: Petits poèmes en prose form the aesthetic response to this political, spatial, and semiotic crisis through their writing of poetry into prose.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76016619"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76016619"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016619; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016619]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76016619]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76016619; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76016619']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76016619]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76016619,"title":"Prose Constructions: Nerval, Baudelaire, and the Louvre","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76016619/Prose_Constructions_Nerval_Baudelaire_and_the_Louvre","owner_id":25405237,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":25405237,"first_name":"Patrick","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"Bray","page_name":"PatrickBray","domain_name":"ucl","created_at":"2015-01-27T08:03:34.468-08:00","display_name":"Patrick M Bray","url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/PatrickBray"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7998218" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88966500"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88966500/Retours_proustiens_Quest_ce_quun_%C3%A9v%C3%A9nement_litt%C3%A9raire"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Retours proustiens: Qu'est-ce qu'un événement littéraire?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92848926/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88966500/Retours_proustiens_Quest_ce_quun_%C3%A9v%C3%A9nement_litt%C3%A9raire">Retours proustiens: Qu'est-ce qu'un événement littéraire?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ce livre analyse de manière suivie et lyrique ce qui se répète chez Proust. Il s'agit pour nous d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ce livre analyse de manière suivie et lyrique ce qui se répète chez Proust. Il s'agit pour nous d'un geste de retour vers Proust, non seulement en tant que spécialiste ou chercheur universitaire, mais par des détours nombreux dans le champ de la création-la philosophie (Deleuze), l'image (Chris Marker), la sémiologie (Barthes), la poésie (Nerval)... S'immerger dans l'événement littéraire qu'est À la Recherche du temps perdu nous protège de la dilution du moment actuel en « événements » médiatisés et médiatiques, déterminés à l'avance et figés ; en lisant Proust, nous affirmons notre liberté, nos marges de manoeuvre pour retrouver les intermittences du temps. Des entre-temps ou entre-images à travers quelques chapitres courts où les thématiques se suivent et se répètent de façon parfois inattendue.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d6943da9baafd7cd38d49610c576ec3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92848926,"asset_id":88966500,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92848926/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88966500"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88966500"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88966500; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76016636"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016636/The_Price_of_Literature"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Price of Literature" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92848732/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76016636/The_Price_of_Literature">The Price of Literature</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the last volume of À la recherche du temps perdu, Marcel Proust's narrator declares that "une ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the last volume of À la recherche du temps perdu, Marcel Proust's narrator declares that "une oeuvre où il y a des théories est comme un objet sur lequel on laisse la marque du prix" (a work [of literature] where there are theories is like an object with a price tag left on it). 1 Leaving a price tag on an object or a gift is a social faux pas few commit, since announcing the price paid for an object paradoxically diminishes its value along with the social standing of its proprietor. Proust, or rather his narrator, implies that a work of literature, likewise, must not display its theory, apparently the equivalent of an object's "price," for fear that this vulgar ostentation will undermine the work's aesthetic quality, which is to say its value. No critique of a literary work is more common than the disapproval of the presence of theory as clumsily phrased ideas that disrupt the rhythm of the plot and the harmony of the style. And yet, in what may be considered one of the greatest novels in the literary tradition, one whose aesthetic value is now no longer questioned and whose author was a famously astute observer of the rules that govern high society, a long and potentially distracting string of theories invades half of the last volume. Readers may want to overlook the bizarre mise en abyme of a novel filled with theories that rejects novels filled with theories, but this puzzlingly blind self-critique places the reader at the heart of literature's theoretical conundrum. While a literary work must not let its theory, its price, show, it also finds itself incapable of asserting the truth of any theoretical statement. Proust's novel's rant against theory in the novel participates in the novel's story and is incorporated in its style, therefore it must also be read as literature. While Proust is the author of the novel, the narrator is the one who is made to voice the theory against theoretical novels. The theory may hold up on its own outside the novel's context and may even be one that Proust himself espoused, but within the novel's context it serves as a step in the narrator Marcel's apprenticeship as a writer. 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His work reexamines the divisions that have defined our understanding of modernity, such as those between art and politics, representation and abstraction, and literature and philosophy. Working across these divisions, he engages the historical roots of modernism at the end of the eighteenth century , uncovering forgotten texts in the archive that trouble our notions of intellectual history. Rancière's story is that of a generation that Hélène Cixous called " les incor-ruptibles " (after the revolutionary leader Robespierre), placing him in dialogue with and as a successor to Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy, and others. 1 As a young student at the prestigious École Normale Supérieure, Rancière contributed, along with Étienne Balibar, to Louis Althusser's Reading Capital in 1965. The outsized aspirations and deceptions of May 1968 led Rancière and many others to question the paradoxical elitism of academic Marxism, and in 1974 he published a repudiation of Althusser, Althusser's Lesson. Rancière's simple yet formidable revelation was that Marxist theorists, indeed nearly all philosophers, claim to speak for the people as their natural representatives, but in so doing they deny the very equality they supposedly espouse. Like Michel Foucault before him, Rancière returned to the archives to find the traces of popular philosophy and literature, silenced by their benevolent spokesmen. What he discovered were workers who aspired to be poets and philosophers, seeking emancipation through writing. 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