CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136cb09dbdc3e26',cH: 'z.15deZqjrNFYn5PDKMPVt2HYdsfNsnE0v51LewVO3E-1739805958-1.2.1.1-YvGrU1bcCTIcqC_J.9VXQOfYW3UalB0RpiYHEtbQse7CMFIa.95tim7MJDP.WsqF',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mark%20%20Roe&page=8&__cf_chl_tk=xAJHRR8wh65d4H.9yeLpIODxfyhoo63vBqaNd3eGbgQ-1739805958-1.0.1.1-NvRISJTsXHvJJbjBD7yJ2KaOPuw67QGXNUP9mVDtWGs",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739805958',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mark%20%20Roe&page=8&__cf_chl_f_tk=xAJHRR8wh65d4H.9yeLpIODxfyhoo63vBqaNd3eGbgQ-1739805958-1.0.1.1-NvRISJTsXHvJJbjBD7yJ2KaOPuw67QGXNUP9mVDtWGs",md: "6Lb5NcNLpofr5sLmq.piTMLIkEj6fg.wzMWsxQw8iCM-1739805958-1.2.1.1-r9mcadq5SgPWZXgeip6U1FL.POcrScCGVOcqewwVuPGuEN_GiW7qw7JoQDehJJTL8DYlzL3l3AIDZK6yGxnCMV7UjlJ4XSunziFlkyKrXJ.elTmECL4pMOp8kZOWY3AfxNHzOxie1Z.OlL1toJLFnGLDhEEgVB4t6_jm9QdpLVXzFug5bNAsowatIcXfhBfhVzWdJozGm2rr3mYu0XHPqEdQ1QTXWpzU3j8NN9XoCVvYwutE9dCiIuLYzDamq3chYkoS3dTa8f.Ee7frEfI1C9E4w02v9Ys.CP7L0an.DLPXmTR6zCb8kJ3wTZ1X2HNs19sBFZMsJB6THSelBNrLz.3ESLZCFJ5Y4r_tHSXDajrOFm8da0Rz8L..6II2JPwmb.TKJn0xufIMoAWSynqZ9_zvOOe4gmCt4Je7KSzMwq2LvO8JRY5bpfD8SX_Ye8bSly71sfDcG60RK9QFS558QdhHEpWe62SStOrt8KJJcZAcLYfz0f2DI83ZsjVbQnZp62ILGlM6pMGf_6gCdeYtiWFFoYyDz50.M2Kenjjw8bL5oAjEXtpM.NjjFgHLK3lbcvcVohwIQsrLa9kwDavpuakgVv81lJkJ_XPkNwDTsKmN0MrobOWg0c9uR6FCb32OpLVQIdT59oEVOPLEDRFEaCEIhd9bvWGqCUlsjw_UGOjvh_fj73VlRV5HwTJnIycRVocekhuIoc30zT1R.N8mnAqxs4QpqBT87PnXWjUPNbne.n1JxnsanW8t.I4R84uiQFp6U4FJjjL3XB_AQzQ1BrDtXjxcEbqmAuUf_cZeXJKmVWn9_wQI4Y5dEhJplmAJbm_iPPBY33PjcYq_KincwuFeOrj64pgr1sL_a.6qlfcgRMy3x8eeqDplYpMDMSev9vluyR5N6sOj1LCe8gPDsz_g9FUhKSTIFaALnMdVmBEIdQyq0yNCbi37lafi5PBeXKpDFzXPhFrRpCOW6RQdbqoeGEEjr0Nb.2SkK0K5SUhSzYp.METKeBXv_YeX78OncFgi7iE0h2CoBMeO.xv95uvYZ4Q0YaW97dMoF74A3zdKlwDAtC9mqRUAKwdBHqTxXv.UWGPWsrhqhRAKEg7QMKPbUWjHq3uGxf9stMHprOp6kgCWu7Ebl5vSgnst2kPPEEHoDsWuKucl_EqS.yycv7qkKTeArlCDjouzvXyeUNEJuNex3Aa17BPkhjJxzqqDQCArKkGbCcPsS9Qq6WZlQrAIh4QHcBN5UhyLzPsvmgCBxwCX2B.b15y0DYYG_PAlEGnkMLcn0WIl8UUpC9AbkSBdO5pgxBZyqnzTaNrNOfmxuZ91u5EB_snvPUOTWmWp6IucCt.lackmEhcnlXYoYMnO4cCL5DDeSewgu31Kk3thmQ9H8yRG4B.APsGuIffil666B53FdgkTq6UoDle0l6btySCTs2c0FVjlssuxzCX7u1ydcMZJhWZW9XWSHir2kdWQYaL9Flz1EZVnrJZzlLhRLPUGPSQE05ggkQ0MP50fXEAcpIM.vNmIIRvmzQxQ.Bq1xn9sg4ryYG7cQm7mxDK75osCN0cTaPItRe.LcFqIH9E0CFWahQ1V9Cj4PSOthTdsGxl_OVww7NZX.WZATWvNBM5ve7_JpEqEuTxTid_5mHYx4CqPfyTTexRulE25cKbzhrSQooyAGoWuSJ47ha_RYsgWBvA0trZLglzdbGkbPM1c5c2as.LNFOfW26e7McKXoVoahO2G.zUOpY0BJ.Zn3kcO7caTEQNzHIIi_ziyZLgibgtYfx6xM3PPt41.kNT_E3DRRrmezC5dfX.kdWOtZg.zkCWH3cRZjDZt0NyCYhJU6zU4drR8boXUXeOHeNUubvUkGVnzZj_uLfhC9dD3nt.XSl8hsUTAw_l15AQJsYTARLvShvauWQ9Wik3FOXFGVHJE8FRlOHolfctJl3J1eWXZ17h53eol7vMsJqQ",mdrd: "1ELRltQb6Ysf5.UVkAqrVCjAsSF8TRfFbFhwo8opzvk-1739805958-1.2.1.1-H6KJo_DR0PjeNk79eqGG0Jchb1pw2DepLNrh27Ejhhta4sPgy4JSC6syAyaPMj.XzIcT4H1pAY7VqVy73.aS.03BOUCzmQM3hitjmVm88.KoYzZE73duyXxqAnQ4uBvMNjJet.97k2OZhg58cCDLG1KHzMO8tIdHH7Us5eo5YLkhiUvLo6w_HNt3HdVjhdMN_9Wt4xf4924JGg7bGrKS.69QT6udCw4tnqhfcNlK2Fhvs2W8kIi_FlS_7KTH_bPkQ3kJSagHPTf4NeZOSZKzNx_Db6Q1H46Uk3IOBmLPhi0rxnGazUc6.irkKAzzc9YeI159fDFiqTytQadoh.zDbYrbVAtf1ALMD9FFiu8V.5DgaFZj15vomVvICgwSFGPZw.qqz8ic5c_aPzhDngM5ELBqdcZei8So6KO.Y1zdSX64JfjauFM9x.DC09PIF3XY.kwDRVlq7K5mOzFZqt7bkr5dv3vqHdAKKqFLy4e_I0cUX7vcmcm0nsvduta4iSZsrkJxVEL.U9v1YOywG9RdqTiYAAru_tFE_WSpuOJFi_xKHmSMRtYnRPD40cFxUJL7ke5_LEGQcHL5LgJQotC6Wq63s574czeNq7XXf42n2Ti5CvuDvQeJJqYoplwG.cfOQkPy_FMqjHIU4pXhx05nsn6rqg4FPHt6g079GH_1TaDUFXBMEJOPzhM14_.AgCyDrzwl_j19f23R.2OMnKn9CSMpcyx977x5D64DM_IDhvhxw9jry7WBLhUEcIubHJaAoQBE6I_tGL90xio7mRM3hJxW5UiVcRPfC8fkmLnfPZQvv_0xiOxhvcNA_R8CS3s8iwhzOO6s8WTd5pb5otRQ2x_MLhAsfrNrqojqAMpIjk8tYEHwpmv5QK7yYSMzhFEB82suDyqLdHP_FU1GeMzFSBYvsCWxE4oD.WS3_5ski3JpBhPUx5dInXNHp6dOBNSfWkUM7NpnKyuhJRWuoTGaahgSL_fBndxp5_fy5LIOm9PfZTlePZ2CX0PuMwreRchaBksaeToNmFx2z5qwziV1Cqkj1PTUa9aHk1LwzReAmBJOzWi2..XKUmf2STD4NcFetJvmm45bltsCzkyUbPTOG18OQm0ZG8v0fJRA7K.VnqAovG4_aPXQmSbXW5lDbGXnOrfc3L71TS1pKAiV3JOzQvrJjXwrWuaSb89waTTWYzA.dKKCC_2mEPkKWIR_cgQkP7g1yxumIRR5_parjs_pCIsLn496kR9dDftpkVs20.dx38x7PNF2o9rTSRrUmtPKut6ER4IiuI7l6YFRc3ZFXLSPK6dvLB3VJiESZhsxf2AGMovjLKgUOEGjLXydV64a706QhlMZlYAj7bDDA8M9TdqM9EWfBpDkVkZxSwlAMsKX389tPkB0d2zijQKKZb7E8bQjTI_J9UOeixLtFbnGhdFtIf5xqT58a2P1iTjHq9jfoY2RjcheLIGIgwfmySUISKJR.lRRmmht5fSgNLcqi34jBA4aiarMnCkGz4K9QmxGvDF8sXEUoFJfNz2D9tR2_JcfWu6xZFnXgsRDWZL_Nje8RJ1J9XsHkCqp07eHPSVkAnwltYj1LVMjAJQiHA_z1vY8F1JhgFdETcwFtPoRwkGdTlH0qvAAo162okXtz2ef_m4Uwe4dpPH4SbKmeJvkcHyWjU_PQ1CvuEKewv93SFzUWJ3gWl_AvdQISZGEGR6Zn3MEyrlA1uxhqeqQ7sSaqQVaELZwghMn8b14v0k7S0MQQPrNuF5DWTvwI1MFkmsQPT1Yff4zOjm0lAwxgMu.w1T9ZEYPIl4EsUr5V.G4UfQR0vCTiFLfFYzUJ2aeFHrO7FEwl0JLf_mGG5iUXfd8LlnqaCepGe3.XVwA1uXUpY4O2bAn_RvloC2y1W0XY0_gP.kfLp19KvkNSai4tmci0Mno0KqkuWUZjd2OcNuKhrnwNIrWK1Ui9bDHkAh_XkVH0K7771Lty_ZTmwNBSZR8JyS8Pnc86NorVPP7S9fO8g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136cb09dbdc3e26';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mark%20%20Roe&page=8&__cf_chl_rt_tk=xAJHRR8wh65d4H.9yeLpIODxfyhoo63vBqaNd3eGbgQ-1739805958-1.0.1.1-NvRISJTsXHvJJbjBD7yJ2KaOPuw67QGXNUP9mVDtWGs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>