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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wrist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="कलाई – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कलाई" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85" title="معصم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معصم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniquiello" title="Maniquiello – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maniquiello" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90_(%DC%AB%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܟܢܘܢܬܐ (ܫܪܝܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܢܘܢܬܐ (ܫܪܝܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagalangan_tangan" title="Pagalangan tangan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pagalangan tangan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Китка (анатомия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китка (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzorn" title="Arzorn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arzorn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canell" title="Canell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF%C4%83" title="Пайăрка-пумак сыпă – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пайăрка-пумак сыпă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1p%C4%9Bst%C3%AD" title="Zápěstí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zápěstí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arddwrn" title="Arddwrn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arddwrn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndled" title="Håndled – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Håndled" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgelenk" title="Handgelenk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Handgelenk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%91%DE%A6_%DE%80%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%AA" title="ކުޑަ ހުޅު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުޑަ ހުޅު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranne" title="Ranne – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ranne" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Καρπός (ανατομία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρπός (ανατομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dls" title="Pōls – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pōls" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%B1eca_(anatom%C3%ADa)" title="Muñeca (anatomía) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muñeca (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manartiko" title="Manartiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manartiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskumutur" title="Eskumutur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskumutur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%86" title="مچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poignet" title="Poignet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poignet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pols_(lichemsdiel)" title="Pols (lichemsdiel) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pols (lichemsdiel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosta" title="Rosta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rosta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caol-an-d%C3%B9irn" title="Caol-an-dùirn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Caol-an-dùirn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulso" title="Pulso – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pulso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%81_(%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0)" title="કાંડુ (શરીર) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાંડુ (શરીર)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BA-v%C3%B3n" title="Sú-vón – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sú-vón" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%90%EB%AA%A9" title="손목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="손목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="कलाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कलाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zape%C5%A1%C4%87e" title="Zapešće – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapešće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergelangan_tangan" title="Pergelangan tangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pergelangan tangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taya%C4%A1niq" title="Tayaġniq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tayaġniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHlakala" title="IHlakala – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IHlakala" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Alnli%C3%B0ur" title="Úlnliður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úlnliður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polso" title="Polso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93" title="שורש כף היד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שורש כף היד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugel-ugel_tangan" title="Ugel-ugel tangan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ugel-ugel tangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಣಿಕಟ್ಟು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಣಿಕಟ್ಟು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pony%C3%A8t" title="Ponyèt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ponyèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnodla" title="Cnodla – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cnodla" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatio_radiocarpea" title="Articulatio radiocarpea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Articulatio radiocarpea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaukstas_loc%C4%ABtava" title="Plaukstas locītava – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plaukstas locītava" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rie%C5%A1as" title="Riešas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Riešas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csukl%C3%B3_(anat%C3%B3mia)" title="Csukló (anatómia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csukló (anatómia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergelangan_tangan" title="Pergelangan tangan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pergelangan tangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pargolangan_tangan" title="Pargolangan tangan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pargolangan tangan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pols_(anatomie)" title="Pols (anatomie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pols (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="मणिबन्ध – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मणिबन्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="नाडी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नाडी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%A6%96" title="手首 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="手首" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puse" title="Puse – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Puse" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponhet" title="Ponhet – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ponhet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilak_bo%27g%27imi" title="Bilak bo'g'imi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bilak bo'g'imi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punho" title="Punho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Punho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunea_carpian%C4%83" title="Regiunea carpiană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunea carpiană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki_muqu" title="Maki muqu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Maki muqu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Лучезапястный сустав – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лучезапястный сустав" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83" title="मणिबन्धः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मणिबन्धः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wrist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BB%D9%8A" title="ويڻي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويڻي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1p%C3%A4stie" title="Zápästie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zápästie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapestje" title="Zapestje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zapestje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Ручни зглоб – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ручни зглоб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranne" title="Ranne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handled" title="Handled – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Handled" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galanggalangan" title="Galanggalangan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Galanggalangan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="మణికట్టు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మణికట్టు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_bile%C4%9Fi" title="El bileği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="El bileği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%27%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Зап'ясток – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зап'ясток" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="کلائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%84%DB%95" title="ھىيلە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىيلە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_tay" title="Cổ tay – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổ tay" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ejakk" title="Käejakk – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Käejakk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%AA%B1%E5%AD%90" title="手骱子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="手骱子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="האנטגעלענק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האנטגעלענק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%85%95" title="手腕 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="手腕" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%95" title="腕 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腕" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the arm between the lower arm and the hand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wrist_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wrist (disambiguation)">Wrist (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Carpus" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Carpus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Carpus (disambiguation)">Carpus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Wrist</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadgarstek_(ubt).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nadgarstek_%28ubt%29.jpeg/250px-Nadgarstek_%28ubt%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nadgarstek_%28ubt%29.jpeg/375px-Nadgarstek_%28ubt%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nadgarstek_%28ubt%29.jpeg/500px-Nadgarstek_%28ubt%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A human showing the wrist in the centre</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg/250px-3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg/375px-3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg/500px-3D_Medical_Animation_Human_Wrist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpal bones</a>, sometimes included in the definition of the wrist</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>articulatio radiocarpalis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014953">D014953</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.026%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.026</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=147">147</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma24922">24922</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706" class="extiw" title="d:Q185706">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>, the <b>wrist</b> is variously defined as (1) the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpus</a> or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Behnke-76_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behnke-76-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moore-485_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-485-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2) the <b>wrist joint</b> or <b>radiocarpal joint</b>, the joint between the <a href="/wiki/Radius_(bone)" title="Radius (bone)">radius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpus</a><sup id="cite_ref-Moore-485_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-485-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and; (3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the <a href="/wiki/Metacarpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacarpus">metacarpus</a> or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as <i>wrist joints</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Behnke-77_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behnke-77-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baratz-391_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baratz-391-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This region also includes the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel" title="Carpal tunnel">carpal tunnel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_snuff_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomical snuff box">anatomical snuff box</a>, bracelet lines, the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_the_hand" title="Flexor retinaculum of the hand">flexor retinaculum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Extensor_retinaculum_of_the_hand" title="Extensor retinaculum of the hand">extensor retinaculum</a>. </p><p>As a consequence of these various definitions, fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as <a href="/wiki/Distal_radius_fracture" title="Distal radius fracture">distal radius fracture</a> are often considered fractures to the wrist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:333px;max-width:333px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg/175px-RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg/263px-RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg/350px-RightHumanPosteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1604" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg/150px-RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg/225px-RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg/300px-RightHumanAnteriorDistalRadiusUlnaCarpals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="1681" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior (anatomy)">Posterior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anterior_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior (anatomy)">anterior</a> aspects of right human wrist</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray334.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray334.png/150px-Gray334.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray334.png/225px-Gray334.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray334.png/300px-Gray334.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray335.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray335.png/150px-Gray335.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray335.png/225px-Gray335.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gray335.png/300px-Gray335.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="441" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Ligaments of wrist. Posterior and anterior views</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Distal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Distal radioulnar articulation">distal radioulnar joint</a> (DRUJ) is a <a href="/wiki/Pivot_joint" title="Pivot joint">pivot joint</a> located between the <a href="/wiki/Distal" class="mw-redirect" title="Distal">distal</a> ends of the <a href="/wiki/Radius_(bone)" title="Radius (bone)">radius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulna</a>, which make up the <a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">forearm</a>. Formed by the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_ulna" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of ulna">head of the ulna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ulnar_notch_of_the_radius" title="Ulnar notch of the radius">ulnar notch of the radius</a>, the DRUJ is separated from the radiocarpal (wrist) joint by an <a href="/wiki/Articular_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular disk">articular disk</a> lying between the radius and the <a href="/wiki/Ulnar_styloid_process" title="Ulnar styloid process">styloid process of the ulna</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Articular_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular capsule">capsule</a> of the joint is lax and extends from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacciform_recess_of_distal_radioulnar_joint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacciform recess of distal radioulnar joint (page does not exist)">inferior sacciform recess</a> to the ulnar shaft. The DRUJ works with the <a href="/wiki/Proximal_radioulnar_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal radioulnar joint">proximal radioulnar joint</a> (at the elbow) for <a href="/wiki/Pronation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronation">pronation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supination" class="mw-redirect" title="Supination">supination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-122_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-122-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The radiocarpal (wrist) joint is an <a href="/wiki/Condyloid_joint" title="Condyloid joint">ellipsoid joint</a> formed by the radius and the <a href="/wiki/Articular_disc" title="Articular disc">articular disc</a> proximally and the proximal row of carpal bones distally. The carpal bones on the ulnar side only make intermittent contact with the proximal side — the triquetrum only makes contact during ulnar abduction. The capsule, lax and un-branched, is thin on the dorsal side and can contain synovial folds. The capsule is continuous with the midcarpal joint and strengthened by numerous <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Palmar_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar radiocarpal ligament">palmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal radiocarpal ligament">dorsal radiocarpal ligaments</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_(wrist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulnar collateral ligament (wrist)">ulnar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_(wrist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radial collateral ligament (wrist)">radial collateral ligaments</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-130_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-130-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parts forming the radiocarpal joint are the lower end of the <a href="/wiki/Radius_(bone)" title="Radius (bone)">radius</a> and under surface of the <a href="/wiki/Articular_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular disk">articular disk</a> above; and the <a href="/wiki/Scaphoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphoid">scaphoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunate_bone" title="Lunate bone">lunate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Triquetral" class="mw-redirect" title="Triquetral">triquetral</a> bones below. The articular surface of the radius and the undersurface of the <a href="/wiki/Articular_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular disk">articular disk</a> form together with a transversely elliptical concave surface, the receiving cavity. The superior articular surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum form a smooth convex surface, the <a href="/wiki/Condyle_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condyle (anatomy)">condyle</a>, which is received into the concavity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">Carpal bones</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a>: </p> <ul><li><i>Proximal:</i> A=<a href="/wiki/Scaphoid_bone" title="Scaphoid bone">Scaphoid</a>, B=<a href="/wiki/Lunate_bone" title="Lunate bone">Lunate</a>, C=<a href="/wiki/Triquetrum_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Triquetrum bone">Triquetrum</a>, D=<a href="/wiki/Pisiform_bone" title="Pisiform bone">Pisiform</a></li> <li><i>Distal:</i> E=<a href="/wiki/Trapezium_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapezium bone">Trapezium</a>, F=<a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_bone" title="Trapezoid bone">Trapezoid</a>, G=<a href="/wiki/Capitate_bone" title="Capitate bone">Capitate</a>, H=<a href="/wiki/Hamate_bone" title="Hamate bone">Hamate</a></li></ul> <p>In the hand proper a total of 13 bones form part of the wrist: eight <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpal bones</a>—<a href="/wiki/Scaphoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphoid">scaphoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunate_bone" title="Lunate bone">lunate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triquetral" class="mw-redirect" title="Triquetral">triquetral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisiform">pisiform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trapezium_(bone)" title="Trapezium (bone)">trapezium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_bone" title="Trapezoid bone">trapezoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitate">capitate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamate">hamate</a>— and five <a href="/wiki/Metacarpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacarpus">metacarpal bones</a>—the <a href="/wiki/First_metacarpal_bone" title="First metacarpal bone">first</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_metacarpal_bone" title="Second metacarpal bone">second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_metacarpal_bone" title="Third metacarpal bone">third</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_metacarpal_bone" title="Fourth metacarpal bone">fourth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fifth_metacarpal_bone" title="Fifth metacarpal bone">fifth metacarpal bones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-126-129_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-126-129-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Midcarpal_joint" title="Midcarpal joint">midcarpal joint</a> is the S-shaped joint space separating the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones. The <a href="/wiki/Intercarpal_articulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercarpal articulations">intercarpal joints</a>, between the bones of each row, are strengthened by the <a href="/wiki/Radiate_carpal_ligament" title="Radiate carpal ligament">radiate carpal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisohamate_ligament" title="Pisohamate ligament">pisohamate ligaments</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palmar_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar intercarpal ligaments">palmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interosseous_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Interosseous intercarpal ligaments">interosseous</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_intercarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal intercarpal ligament">dorsal intercarpal ligaments</a>. Some degree of mobility is possible between the bones of the proximal row while the bones of the distal row are connected to each other and to the metacarpal bones —at the <a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint" title="Carpometacarpal joint">carpometacarpal joints</a>— by strong ligaments —the <a href="/wiki/Pisometacarpal_ligament" title="Pisometacarpal ligament">pisometacarpal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmar_carpometacarpal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmar carpometacarpal ligament">palmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_carpometacarpal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament">dorsal carpometacarpal ligament</a>— that makes a functional entity of these bones. Additionally, the joints between the bases of the metacarpal bones —the <a href="/wiki/Intermetacarpal_articulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermetacarpal articulations">intermetacarpal articulations</a>— are strengthened by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_intermetacarpal_ligament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorsal intermetacarpal ligament (page does not exist)">dorsal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interosseous_intermetacarpal_ligament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interosseous intermetacarpal ligament (page does not exist)">interosseous</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmar_intermetacarpal_ligament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmar intermetacarpal ligament (page does not exist)">palmar intermetacarpal ligaments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-130_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-130-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest carpal bones to ossify are <a href="/wiki/Capitate_bone" title="Capitate bone">capitate bone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamate_bone" title="Hamate bone">hamate bone</a> in the first six months of an infant life.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articulations">Articulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Articulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The radiocarpal, intercarpal, midcarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints often intercommunicate through a common synovial cavity. <sup id="cite_ref-Isenberg-87_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isenberg-87-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Articular_surfaces">Articular surfaces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Articular surfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> It has two articular surfaces named, proximal and distal articular surfaces respectively. The proximal articular surface is made up of the lower end of the radius and a triangular articular disc of the inferior radio-ulnar joint. On the other hand, the distal articular surface is made up of proximal surfaces of the scaphoid, triquetral and lunate bones.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_of_embryo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hand_of_embryo.jpg/250px-Hand_of_embryo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hand_of_embryo.jpg/375px-Hand_of_embryo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hand_of_embryo.jpg/500px-Hand_of_embryo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>Micro-radiography of 8-weeks human embryo hand</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movement">Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The extrinsic hand muscles are located in the forearm where their bellies form the proximal fleshy roundness. When contracted, most of the tendons of these muscles are prevented from standing up like taut bowstrings around the wrist by passing under the <a href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_the_hand" title="Flexor retinaculum of the hand">flexor retinaculum</a> on the palmar side and the <a href="/wiki/Extensor_retinaculum_of_the_hand" title="Extensor retinaculum of the hand">extensor retinaculum</a> on the dorsal side. On the palmar side the carpal bones form the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel" title="Carpal tunnel">carpal tunnel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through which some of the flexor tendons pass in <a href="/wiki/Tendon_sheath" title="Tendon sheath">tendon sheaths</a> that enable them to slide back and forth through the narrow passageway (see <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Saladin-361_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saladin-361-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting from the mid-position of the hand, the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Relative_motions" title="Anatomical terms of location">movements</a> permitted in the wrist proper are (muscles in order of importance):<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-132_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-132-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-172_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-172-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv/220px--Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="190" data-durationhint="4" data-mwtitle="Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-(MRI)-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-(MRI)-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="404" data-height="348" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="404" data-height="348" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="168" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s001.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="278" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">Magnetic resonance imaging</a> (MRI) of radial abduction (rightwards in image) and ulnar adduction (leftwards in image)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Marginal movements: radial deviation (abduction, movement towards the thumb) and ulnar deviation (adduction, movement towards the little finger). These movements take place about a dorsopalmar axis (back to front) at the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints passing through the capitate bone. <ul><li>Radial abduction (up to 20°):<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle">extensor carpi radialis longus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Abductor pollicis longus muscle">abductor pollicis longus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor pollicis longus muscle">extensor pollicis longus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle" title="Flexor carpi radialis muscle">flexor carpi radialis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor pollicis longus muscle">flexor pollicis longus</a></li> <li>Ulnar adduction (up to 30°):<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle" title="Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle">extensor carpi ulnaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle" title="Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle">flexor carpi ulnaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum muscle">extensor digitorum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle" title="Extensor digiti minimi muscle">extensor digiti minimi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Movements in the plane of the hand: flexion (palmar flexion, tilting towards the palm) and extension (dorsiflexion, tilting towards the back of the hand). These movements take place through a transverse axis passing through the capitate bone. Palmar flexion is the most powerful of these movements because the flexors, especially the finger flexors, are considerably stronger than the extensors.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv/220px--Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="198" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-(MRI)-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-(MRI)-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="276" data-height="248" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="276" data-height="248" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="160" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv/Real-Time-Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-%28MRI%29-during-Active-Wrist-Motion--Initial-Observations-pone.0084004.s003.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="268" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">Magnetic resonance imaging</a> (MRI) of wrist extension and return to neutral position</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Extension (up to 60°):<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum muscle">extensor digitorum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle">extensor carpi radialis longus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle">extensor carpi radialis brevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_indicis_muscle" title="Extensor indicis muscle">extensor indicis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor pollicis longus muscle">extensor pollicis longus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle" title="Extensor digiti minimi muscle">extensor digiti minimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_ulnaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensor carpi ulnaris">extensor carpi ulnaris</a></li> <li>Palmar flexion (up to 70°):<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle">flexor digitorum superficialis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum profundus muscle">flexor digitorum profundus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle" title="Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle">flexor carpi ulnaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor pollicis longus muscle">flexor pollicis longus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle" title="Flexor carpi radialis muscle">flexor carpi radialis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Abductor pollicis longus muscle">abductor pollicis longus</a></li> <li>Intermediate or combined movements</li></ul> <p>However, movements at the wrist can not be properly described without including movements in the distal radioulnar joint in which the rotary actions of <a href="/wiki/Supination" class="mw-redirect" title="Supination">supination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pronation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronation">pronation</a> occur and this joint is therefore normally regarded as part of the wrist.<sup id="cite_ref-Kingston-126_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingston-126-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg/270px-X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg/405px-X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg/540px-X-ray_of_normal_wrist_and_wrist_with_dorsally_tilted_wrist_joint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Projectional_radiograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Projectional radiograph">Projectional radiograph</a> of a normal wrist (left image) and one with a dorsal tilt due to <a href="/wiki/Wrist_osteoarthritis" title="Wrist osteoarthritis">wrist osteoarthritis</a> (as well as <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>). The angle of the distal surface of the <a href="/wiki/Lunate_bone" title="Lunate bone">lunate bone</a> is annotated. A dorsal tilt of 10 to 15 degrees is considered normal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Wrist_pain" title="Wrist pain">Wrist pain</a> has a number of causes, including <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ganglion_cyst" title="Ganglion cyst">ganglion cyst</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tendinopathy" title="Tendinopathy">tendinitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wrist_osteoarthritis" title="Wrist osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>. Tests such as <a href="/wiki/Phalen%27s_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalen's test">Phalen's test</a> involve <a href="/wiki/Palmarflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmarflexion">palmarflexion</a> at the wrist. </p><p>The hand may deviate at the wrist in some conditions, such as <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ossification" title="Ossification">Ossification</a> of the bones around the wrist is one indicator used in taking a <a href="/wiki/Bone_age#Methods" title="Bone age">bone age</a>. </p><p>A <i>wrist fracture</i> usually means a fracture of the <a href="/wiki/Distal_radius_fracture" title="Distal radius fracture">distal radius</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> word "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wrist" class="extiw" title="wikt:wrist">wrist</a>" is <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymologically</a> derived from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> word <i>wristiz</i> from which are derived modern German <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/rist" class="extiw" title="de:rist">Rist</a></i> ("<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instep" class="extiw" title="wikt:instep">instep</a>", "wrist") and modern <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vrist" class="extiw" title="wikt:vrist">vrist</a></i> ("instep", "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ankle" class="extiw" title="wikt:ankle">ankle</a>"). The base <i>writh-</i> and its variants are associated with <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> words "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wreath" class="extiw" title="wikt:wreath">wreath</a>", "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wrest" class="extiw" title="wikt:wrest">wrest</a>", and "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/writhe" class="extiw" title="wikt:writhe">writhe</a>". The <i>wr-</i> sound of this base seems originally to have been symbolic of the action of twisting.<sup id="cite_ref-eatonhand_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eatonhand-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunelli_procedure" title="Brunelli procedure">Brunelli procedure</a>, related to instability in the wrist, caused by a torn <a href="/wiki/Scapholunate_ligament" title="Scapholunate ligament">scapholunate ligament</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle-walking" title="Knuckle-walking">Knuckle-walking</a>, a kind of quadrupedal locomotion involving wrist bone specialization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wristlock" title="Wristlock">Wristlocks</a> use movement extremes of the wrist for martial applications.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bowling#Wrist" title="Glossary of bowling">Glossary of bowling § Wrist</a>, a measure of wrist position in bowling ball deliveries</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view."><img alt="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg/120px-Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg/180px-Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg/240px-Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view."><img alt="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg/120px-Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg/180px-Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg/240px-Dissection_of_the_human_hand_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Posterior view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2dsds.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior, palmar, view."><img alt="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior, palmar, view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Slide2dsds.JPG/120px-Slide2dsds.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Slide2dsds.JPG/180px-Slide2dsds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Slide2dsds.JPG/240px-Slide2dsds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior, palmar, view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide3dsds.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior, palmar, view."><img alt="Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior, palmar, view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Slide3dsds.JPG/120px-Slide3dsds.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Slide3dsds.JPG/180px-Slide3dsds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Slide3dsds.JPG/240px-Slide3dsds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wrist joint. Deep dissection. Anterior, palmar, view.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Behnke-76-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Behnke-76_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBehnke2006">Behnke 2006</a>, p. 76 "The wrist contains eight bones, roughly aligned in two rows, known as the carpal bones."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-485-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore-485_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore-485_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMooreAgur2006" class="citation book cs1">Moore KL, Agur AM (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz8F00Su2SwC&pg=RA1-PA485"><i>Essential clinical anatomy</i></a>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 485. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7817-6274-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7817-6274-X"><bdi>0-7817-6274-X</bdi></a>. <q>The wrist (carpus), the proximal segment of the hand, is a complex of eight carpal bones. The carpus articulates proximally with the forearm at the wrist joint and distally with the five metacarpals. The joints formed by the carpus include the wrist (the radiocarpal joint), intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints. Augmenting movement at the wrist joint, the rows of carpals glide on each other [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+clinical+anatomy&rft.pages=485&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7817-6274-X&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=KL&rft.au=Agur%2C+AM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXz8F00Su2SwC%26pg%3DRA1-PA485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Behnke-77-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Behnke-77_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBehnke2006">Behnke 2006</a>, p. 77 "With the large number of bones composing the wrist (ulna, radius, eight carpas, and five metacarpals), it makes sense that there are many, many joints that make up the structure known as the wrist."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baratz-391-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baratz-391_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaratzWatsonImbriglia1999" class="citation book cs1">Baratz M, Watson AD, Imbriglia JE (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TbxYM_Ts-3YC&pg=PA391"><i>Orthopaedic surgery: the essentials</i></a>. Thieme. p. 391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86577-779-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86577-779-9"><bdi>0-86577-779-9</bdi></a>. <q>The wrist joint is composed of not only the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints but also the intercarpal articulations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthopaedic+surgery%3A+the+essentials&rft.pages=391&rft.pub=Thieme&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-86577-779-9&rft.aulast=Baratz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Watson%2C+AD&rft.au=Imbriglia%2C+JE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTbxYM_Ts-3YC%26pg%3DPA391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-122-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-122_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlatzer2004">Platzer 2004</a>, p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-130-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-130_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-130_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlatzer2004">Platzer 2004</a>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/wrist-joint/">"Wrist Joint"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Wrist+Joint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fwrist-joint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-126-129-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-126-129_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlatzer2004">Platzer 2004</a>, pp. 126–129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-KhaterHegaziAl-ThaniAl-Muhanna2020" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Khater KM, Hegazi TM, Al-Thani HF, Al-Muhanna HT, Al-Hamad BW, Alhuraysi SM, et al. (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557557">"Time of appearance of ossification centers in carpal bones. A radiological retrospective study on Saudi children"</a>. <i>Saudi Medical Journal</i>. <b>41</b> (9): 938–946. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15537%2Fsmj.2020.9.25348">10.15537/smj.2020.9.25348</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557557">7557557</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32893275">32893275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Time+of+appearance+of+ossification+centers+in+carpal+bones.+A+radiological+retrospective+study+on+Saudi+children&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=938-946&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7557557%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32893275&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15537%2Fsmj.2020.9.25348&rft.aulast=Al-Khater&rft.aufirst=KM&rft.au=Hegazi%2C+TM&rft.au=Al-Thani%2C+HF&rft.au=Al-Muhanna%2C+HT&rft.au=Al-Hamad%2C+BW&rft.au=Alhuraysi%2C+SM&rft.au=Alsfyani%2C+WA&rft.au=Alessa%2C+FW&rft.au=Al-Qwairi%2C+AO&rft.au=Al-Qwairi%2C+AO&rft.au=Bayer%2C+SB&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+FB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7557557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isenberg-87-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isenberg-87_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsenbergMaddisonWoo2004" class="citation book cs1">Isenberg DA, Maddison P, Woo P (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m7GOyN5wYVAC&pg=PA87"><i>Oxford textbook of rheumatology</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-850948-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-850948-0"><bdi>0-19-850948-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+textbook+of+rheumatology&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-850948-0&rft.aulast=Isenberg&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.au=Maddison%2C+P&rft.au=Woo%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm7GOyN5wYVAC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthslab.com/anatomy/wrist-joint-radio-carpal-joint-surfaces-ligaments-and-movements/">"Wrist Joint"</a>. <i>Earth's Lab</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth%27s+Lab&rft.atitle=Wrist+Joint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthslab.com%2Fanatomy%2Fwrist-joint-radio-carpal-joint-surfaces-ligaments-and-movements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRea2016" class="citation book cs1">Rea P (2016-01-01). "Chapter 3 - Neck". In Rea P (ed.). <i>Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Head and Neck</i>. Academic Press. pp. 131–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-803633-4.00003-x">10.1016/b978-0-12-803633-4.00003-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-803633-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-803633-4"><bdi>978-0-12-803633-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3+-+Neck&rft.btitle=Essential+Clinically+Applied+Anatomy+of+the+Peripheral+Nervous+System+in+the+Head+and+Neck&rft.pages=131-183&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-803633-4.00003-x&rft.isbn=978-0-12-803633-4&rft.aulast=Rea&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saladin-361-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saladin-361_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaladin2003" class="citation book cs1">Saladin KS (2003). <i>Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function</i> (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 361, 365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+%26+Physiology%3A+The+Unity+of+Form+and+Function&rft.pages=361%2C+365&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Saladin&rft.aufirst=KS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-132-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-132_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlatzer2004">Platzer 2004</a>, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-172-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-172_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlatzer2004">Platzer 2004</a>, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalaniArgoff2008" class="citation book cs1">Lalani I, Argoff CE (2008-01-01). "Chapter 10 - History and Physical Examination of the Pain Patient". In Benzon HT, Rathmell JP, Wu CL, Turk DC (eds.). <i>Raj's Practical Management of Pain</i> (Fourth ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. pp. 177–188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-032304184-3.50013-3">10.1016/B978-032304184-3.50013-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-04184-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-04184-3"><bdi>978-0-323-04184-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10+-+History+and+Physical+Examination+of+the+Pain+Patient&rft.btitle=Raj%27s+Practical+Management+of+Pain&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=177-188&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-032304184-3.50013-3&rft.isbn=978-0-323-04184-3&rft.aulast=Lalani&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Argoff%2C+CE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingston-126-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kingston-126_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingston2000" class="citation book cs1">Kingston B (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6DH97qvthj4C"><i>Understanding joints: a practical guide to their structure and function</i></a>. Nelson Thornes. pp. 126–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-5399-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7487-5399-0"><bdi>0-7487-5399-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+joints%3A+a+practical+guide+to+their+structure+and+function&rft.pages=126-127&rft.pub=Nelson+Thornes&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7487-5399-0&rft.aulast=Kingston&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6DH97qvthj4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDöringOverbeekTeunisBecker2016" class="citation journal cs1">Döring AC, Overbeek CL, Teunis T, Becker SJ, Ring D (October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5100451">"A Slightly Dorsally Tilted Lunate on MRI can be Considered Normal"</a>. <i>The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery</i>. <b>4</b> (4): 348–352. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5100451">5100451</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847848">27847848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Archives+of+Bone+and+Joint+Surgery&rft.atitle=A+Slightly+Dorsally+Tilted+Lunate+on+MRI+can+be+Considered+Normal&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=348-352&rft.date=2016-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5100451%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27847848&rft.aulast=D%C3%B6ring&rft.aufirst=AC&rft.au=Overbeek%2C+CL&rft.au=Teunis%2C+T&rft.au=Becker%2C+SJ&rft.au=Ring%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5100451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStretanski2020" class="citation book cs1">Stretanski MF (2020-01-01). "Chapter 32 - Hand and Wrist Ganglia". In Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD (eds.). <i>Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</i> (Fourth ed.). Philadelphia: Content Repository Only!. pp. 169–173. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-54947-9.00032-8">10.1016/B978-0-323-54947-9.00032-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-54947-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-54947-9"><bdi>978-0-323-54947-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229189365">229189365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+32+-+Hand+and+Wrist+Ganglia&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=169-173&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Content+Repository+Only%21&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A229189365%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-54947-9.00032-8&rft.isbn=978-0-323-54947-9&rft.aulast=Stretanski&rft.aufirst=MF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman2014" class="citation book cs1">Waldman SD (2014-01-01). "Chapter 58 - Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendinitis". In Waldman SD (ed.). <i>Atlas of Uncommon Pain Syndromes</i> (Third ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 172–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-4557-0999-1.00058-7">10.1016/b978-1-4557-0999-1.00058-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4557-0999-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4557-0999-1"><bdi>978-1-4557-0999-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+58+-+Flexor+Carpi+Radialis+Tendinitis&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Uncommon+Pain+Syndromes&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=172-174&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=W.B.+Saunders&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-4557-0999-1.00058-7&rft.isbn=978-1-4557-0999-1&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=SD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eatonhand-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eatonhand_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eatonhand.com/clf/clf522.htm">"Hand Etymology"</a>. American Society for Surgery of the Hand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hand+Etymology&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Surgery+of+the+Hand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eatonhand.com%2Fclf%2Fclf522.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehnke2006" class="citation book cs1">Behnke RS (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbVv5OhJimcC&pg=PA78"><i>Kinetic anatomy</i></a>. Human Kinetics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7360-5909-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7360-5909-1"><bdi>0-7360-5909-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinetic+anatomy&rft.pub=Human+Kinetics&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7360-5909-1&rft.aulast=Behnke&rft.aufirst=RS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdbVv5OhJimcC%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatzer2004" class="citation book cs1">Platzer W (2004). <i>Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System</i> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Thieme_Medical_Publishers" title="Thieme Medical Publishers">Thieme</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-13-533305-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-13-533305-1"><bdi>3-13-533305-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Atlas+of+Human+Anatomy%2C+Vol.+1%3A+Locomotor+System&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Thieme&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-13-533305-1&rft.aulast=Platzer&rft.aufirst=W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWrist" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrist&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wrists" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wrists">Wrists</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/wrist" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/wrist">wrist</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classes.kumc.edu/sah/resources/handkines/bone/wrist.html">Hand kinesiology at the University of Kansas Medical Center</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face" title="Face">Face</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">Forehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Tooth</a></li></ul></li> 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navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">Axilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Fingernail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Little</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(leg)" title="Calf (leg)">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">Toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Toenail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">Sole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joints_and_ligaments_of_the_arm" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expand autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joints_of_upper_limbs" title="Template:Joints of upper limbs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joints_of_upper_limbs" title="Template talk:Joints of upper limbs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joints_of_upper_limbs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joints of upper limbs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joints_and_ligaments_of_the_arm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">Joints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">arm</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sternoclavicular_joint" title="Sternoclavicular joint">Sternoclavicular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_sternoclavicular_ligament" title="Anterior sternoclavicular ligament">Anterior sternoclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_sternoclavicular_ligament" title="Posterior sternoclavicular ligament">Posterior sternoclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interclavicular_ligament" title="Interclavicular ligament">Interclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoclavicular_ligament" title="Costoclavicular ligament">Costoclavicular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_joint" title="Acromioclavicular joint">Acromioclavicular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syndesmosis" title="Syndesmosis">Syndesmoses</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coracoacromial_ligament" title="Coracoacromial ligament">Coracoacromial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_transverse_scapular_ligament" title="Superior transverse scapular ligament">Superior transverse scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_transverse_ligament_of_scapula" title="Inferior transverse ligament of scapula">Inferior transverse of scapula</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_joint" title="Synovial joint">Synovial</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_ligament" title="Acromioclavicular ligament">Acromioclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracoclavicular_ligament" title="Coracoclavicular ligament">Coracoclavicular</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_ligament" title="Trapezoid ligament">trapezoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conoid_ligament" title="Conoid ligament">conoid</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenohumeral joint">Glenohumeral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular capsule of the humerus">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracohumeral_ligament" title="Coracohumeral ligament">Coracohumeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_ligaments" title="Glenohumeral ligaments">Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_humeral_ligament" title="Transverse humeral ligament">Transverse humeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenoid_labrum" title="Glenoid labrum">Glenoid labrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humeroradial_joint" title="Humeroradial joint">Humeroradial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_elbow_joint" title="Radial collateral ligament of elbow joint">Radial collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humeroulnar_joint" title="Humeroulnar joint">Humeroulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_elbow_joint" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint">Ulnar collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proximal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Proximal radioulnar articulation">Proximal radioulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anular_ligament_of_radius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anular ligament of radius">Anular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_cord" title="Oblique cord">Oblique cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrate_ligament" title="Quadrate ligament">Quadrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Distal_radioulnar" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Distal radioulnar articulation">Distal radioulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_radioulnar_ligament" title="Palmar radioulnar ligament">Palmar radioulnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radioulnar_ligament" title="Dorsal radioulnar ligament">Dorsal radioulnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane_of_forearm" title="Interosseous membrane of forearm">Interosseous membrane of forearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wrist/radiocarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal radiocarpal ligament">Dorsal radiocarpal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palmar_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar radiocarpal ligament">Palmar radiocarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_ulnocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament">Dorsal ulnocarpal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palmar_ulnocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar ulnocarpal ligament">Palmar ulnocarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_wrist_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint">Ulnar collateral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_wrist_joint" title="Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint">Radial collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intercarpal_joints" title="Intercarpal joints">Intercarpal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midcarpal_joint" title="Midcarpal joint">Midcarpal</a></li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiate_carpal_ligament" title="Radiate carpal ligament">Radiate carpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_intercarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal intercarpal ligament">Dorsal intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar intercarpal ligaments">Palmar intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Interosseous intercarpal ligaments">Interosseous intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapholunate_ligament" title="Scapholunate ligament">Scapholunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisiform_joint" title="Pisiform joint">Pisiform joint</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisohamate_ligament" title="Pisohamate ligament">Pisohamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisometacarpal_ligament" title="Pisometacarpal ligament">Pisometacarpal</a>)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint" title="Carpometacarpal joint">Carpometacarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_carpometacarpal_ligaments" title="Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments">Dorsal carpometacarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_carpometacarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments">Palmar carpometacarpal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb" title="Carpometacarpal joint">thumb</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_thumb" title="Radial collateral ligament of thumb">Radial collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_thumb" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of thumb">Ulnar collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intermetacarpal_joints" title="Intermetacarpal joints">Intermetacarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" title="Deep transverse metacarpal ligament">Deep transverse metacarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament">Superficial transverse metacarpal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">Metacarpophalangeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_ligaments_of_metacarpophalangeal_joints" title="Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joints">Collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_plate" title="Palmar plate">Palmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interphalangeal_joints_of_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Interphalangeal joints of hand">Interphalangeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_ligament_of_interphalangeal_joints_of_hand" title="Collateral ligament of interphalangeal joints of hand">Collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_plate" title="Palmar plate">Palmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel" title="Carpal tunnel">Carpal tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_canal" title="Ulnar canal">Ulnar canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128709-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wrist"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148626">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Poignet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119654639">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Poignet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119654639">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="zápěstí"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph127749&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529635105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A01.1.00.026">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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