Environmental Science and Engineering

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <title>Environmental Science and Engineering</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-75.png?v=6.2.9">  <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-32.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-57.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="57x57"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-76.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="76x76"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-96.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-128.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="128x128"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-192.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-228.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="228x228">  <link rel="shortcut icon" sizes="196x196" href="/static/core/img/favicon-196.png?v=6.2.9">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-120.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="120x120"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-152.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="152x152"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/core/img/favicon-180.png?v=6.2.9" sizes="180x180">  <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#D14900"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/static/core/img/favicon-144.png?v=6.2.9">  <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/static/core/img/browserconfig.xml?v=6.2.9">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.12.1/css/dataTables.bootstrap4.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.datatables.net/responsive/2.3.0/css/responsive.dataTables.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/CACHE/css/output.e8fbd96bd22b.css" type="text/css">   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/CACHE/css/output.57b991578d3d.css" type="text/css">     <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QNN0N6LLJP"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-QNN0N6LLJP', {'anonymize_ip': true}); </script>   <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script defer src="/static/airspace/js/jquery.mousewheel.min.js"></script> <script async src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML'></script> <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/underscore.js/1.9.1/underscore-min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/apexcharts"></script>  <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.12.1/js/jquery.dataTables.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/responsive/2.3.0/js/dataTables.responsive.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.datatables.net/1.12.1/js/dataTables.bootstrap4.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/CACHE/js/output.54b9aeca30a0.js"></script> <script src="/static/CACHE/js/output.85ffa0965727.js" defer></script>   <script src="https://feeds.library.caltech.edu/scripts/CL.js"></script> <script src="https://feeds.library.caltech.edu/scripts/CL-doi-media.js"></script> <script src="/static/CACHE/js/output.284c8b74e6dc.js" defer></script>    <meta property="og:url" content="http://ese.caltech.edu/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Environmental Science and Engineering" /> <meta property="og:title" content="ESE" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="ESE"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ese.divisions.caltech.edu/static/core/img/caltech-logo-400x400.png" /> <meta name="og:image:alt" content="Caltech Logo"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ese.divisions.caltech.edu/static/core/img/caltech-logo-400x400.png"> </head> <body class="caltech_sites"> <div data-sprite></div> <script src="/static/wagtailadmin/js/icons.js?v=f63477bf" data-icon-url="/admin/sprite/?h=df85c5de"></script> <header class="width-1440-container"> <a class="text-assistive display-at-top-on-focus" href="#content">skip to main content</a> <div class="header header--left d-flex flex-wrap"> <nav class="header__utility-menu d-none d-md-flex w-100 justify-content-end" aria-label="Useful links"> <ul class="d-flex" aria-label="Useful links"> <li class="header__utility-menu__item "> <a class="header__utility-menu__link " id="utility-menu-1" href="https://eas.caltech.edu/">Engineering and Applied Science</a> </li> <li class="header__utility-menu__item "> <a class="header__utility-menu__link " id="utility-menu-2" href="https://gps.caltech.edu/">Geological and Planetary Sciences</a> </li> <li class="header__utility-menu__item "> <a class="header__utility-menu__link " id="utility-menu-3" href="https://cce.caltech.edu/">Chemistry and Chemical Engineering</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="header__title w-100 d-flex flex-column flex-sm-row align-items-sm-end"> <a class="header__title__caltech-link d-block" href="https://www.caltech.edu"> <img alt="Caltech" class="header__wordmark" src="/static/core/img/caltech-new-logo.png"> </a> <div class="header__title__separator h-100"></div> <a class="header__title__homepage-link d-block mr-sm-auto" href="/" > Environmental Science and Engineering </a> </div> <nav class="header__main-menu d-none d-xl-flex" aria-label="Main"> <ul class="header__main-menu__level-1 d-flex justify-content-start " id="main-menu-1" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Main"> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/about">About</a> <button type="button" class="header__main-menu__level-1__opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="main-menu-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Open About submenu</span> <svg class="header__main-menu__level-1-opener-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-down"></use></svg> </button> <ul class="header__main-menu__level-2 dropdown-menu" id="main-menu-2" tabindex="-1" aria-label="About"> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/about/positions-available">Positions Available</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/about/contact">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/about/location">Location</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/about/community-portal">Community Portal</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/people">People</a> <button type="button" class="header__main-menu__level-1__opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="main-menu-7" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Open People submenu</span> <svg class="header__main-menu__level-1-opener-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-down"></use></svg> </button> <ul class="header__main-menu__level-2 dropdown-menu" id="main-menu-7" tabindex="-1" aria-label="People"> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/people">Faculty</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/people/grads">Graduate Students</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/people/researchers">Researchers and Visitors</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/people/postdocs">Postdoctoral Scholars</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/people/staff">Staff</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/people/alumni">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/academics">Academics</a> <button type="button" class="header__main-menu__level-1__opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="main-menu-14" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Open Academics submenu</span> <svg class="header__main-menu__level-1-opener-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-down"></use></svg> </button> <ul class="header__main-menu__level-2 dropdown-menu" id="main-menu-14" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Academics"> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/grad">Graduate Programs</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/ugrad">Undergraduate Programs</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/ese-graduate-student-timeline">ESE Graduate Student Timeline</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/courses">Courses</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/course-schedule">Course Schedule</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/resources">Resources</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/academics/apply">Apply</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/research">Research</a> <button type="button" class="header__main-menu__level-1__opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="main-menu-22" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Open Research submenu</span> <svg class="header__main-menu__level-1-opener-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-down"></use></svg> </button> <ul class="header__main-menu__level-2 dropdown-menu" id="main-menu-22" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Research"> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/research/centers">Research Centers & Initiatives</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="/research/facilities">Facilities</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="https://resnick.caltech.edu/resource-centers/water-and-environment-lab-wel">Resnick Water and Environment Laboratory (WEL)</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="https://lindecenter.caltech.edu/">The Linde Center</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="https://clima.caltech.edu/">Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA)</a> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-2__item dropdown-item"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-2__link" href="https://climatesciences.jpl.nasa.gov/">JPL Center for Climate Sciences</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/events">Events</a> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/news">News</a> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/community">Community</a> </div> </li> <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item menu-item"> <div class="header__main-menu__level-1__item__wrapper d-flex flex-row justify-content-start"> <a class="header__main-menu__level-1__link" href="/academics/apply">Apply</a> </div> </li>  <li class="header__main-menu__level-1__item header__search" role="search" aria-label="Site"> <button type="button" class="header__search__button" aria-controls="search-form" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Search"> <img alt="" class="header__search__icon" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/icon-search.png"> </button> <form id="search-form" class="header__search__form" action="/search" method="GET"> <label class="header__search__form__label mb-0 w-100 mr-3"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><input class="header__search__form__query w-100 h-100" type="search" name="q" value="" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" /></label><button class="header__search__form__submit" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="header__slide-menu-and-search d-flex d-xl-none align-items-start" aria-label="Main"> <div class="header__slide-menu slide-menu dropdown"> <button type="button" class="slide-menu__opener dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="slide-menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Main Menu"> Menu <img aria-label="Open Main Menu" class="slide-menu__burger" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/menu-burger.png"> </button> <div id="slide-menu" class="slide-menu__dropdown dropdown-menu "> <div class="slide-menu__slide-wrapper d-flex"> <div class="slide-menu__level-1"> <button class="slide-menu__close-wrapper"> <span class="slide-menu__close"><svg class="slide-menu__close__icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-xmark"></use></svg> Close</span> </button> <div class="slide-menu__divider slide-menu__divider--post-search dropdown-divider"></div> <div class="slide-menu__main-menu"> <ul class="slide-menu-ul"> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/about"> About </a> <button type="button" class="slide-menu__level-1__slide-opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-slide-id="#slide-menu-slide-71337" aria-controls="slide-menu-slide-71337" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-right"></use></svg> <span class="sr-only">Open About submenu</span> </button> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/people"> People </a> <button type="button" class="slide-menu__level-1__slide-opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-slide-id="#slide-menu-slide-71365" aria-controls="slide-menu-slide-71365" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-right"></use></svg> <span class="sr-only">Open People submenu</span> </button> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics"> Academics </a> <button type="button" class="slide-menu__level-1__slide-opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-slide-id="#slide-menu-slide-71368" aria-controls="slide-menu-slide-71368" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-right"></use></svg> <span class="sr-only">Open Academics submenu</span> </button> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/research"> Research </a> <button type="button" class="slide-menu__level-1__slide-opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-slide-id="#slide-menu-slide-71385" aria-controls="slide-menu-slide-71385" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-right"></use></svg> <span class="sr-only">Open Research submenu</span> </button> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/events"> Events </a> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/news"> News </a> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/community"> Community </a> </li> <li class="slide-menu__level-1__item d-flex"> <a class="slide-menu__level-1__link" href="/academics/apply"> Apply </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="slide-menu__divider dropdown-divider d-md-none"></div> <div class="slide-menu__utility-menu d-md-none"> <ul aria-label="Useful links"> <li class="slide-menu__utility-menu__item "> <a class="slide-menu__utility-menu__link" href="https://eas.caltech.edu/"> Engineering and Applied Science </a> </li> <li class="slide-menu__utility-menu__item "> <a class="slide-menu__utility-menu__link" href="https://gps.caltech.edu/"> Geological and Planetary Sciences </a> </li> <li class="slide-menu__utility-menu__item "> <a class="slide-menu__utility-menu__link" href="https://cce.caltech.edu/"> Chemistry and Chemical Engineering </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2 align-self-start" id="slide-menu-slide-71337" tabindex="-1" aria-label="About submenu"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__black-stripe"></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__content"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__title"> About </div> <button class="slide-menu__level-2__back-button" tabindex="0"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-left"></use></svg> Back </button> <div class="slide-menu__divider slide-menu__divider--slide dropdown-divider"></div> <ul class="slide-menu__level-2__list" aria-label="About"> <li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/about/positions-available"> Positions Available </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/about/contact"> Contact Us </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/about/location"> Location </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/about/community-portal"> Community Portal </a> </li></ul> </div></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2 align-self-start" id="slide-menu-slide-71365" tabindex="-1" aria-label="People submenu"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__black-stripe"></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__content"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__title"> People </div> <button class="slide-menu__level-2__back-button" tabindex="0"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-left"></use></svg> Back </button> <div class="slide-menu__divider slide-menu__divider--slide dropdown-divider"></div> <ul class="slide-menu__level-2__list" aria-label="People"> <li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="/people"> Faculty </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/people/grads"> Graduate Students </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/people/researchers"> Researchers and Visitors </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/people/postdocs"> Postdoctoral Scholars </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/people/staff"> Staff </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/people/alumni"> Alumni </a> </li></ul> </div></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2 align-self-start" id="slide-menu-slide-71368" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Academics submenu"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__black-stripe"></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__content"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__title"> Academics </div> <button class="slide-menu__level-2__back-button" tabindex="0"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-left"></use></svg> Back </button> <div class="slide-menu__divider slide-menu__divider--slide dropdown-divider"></div> <ul class="slide-menu__level-2__list" aria-label="Academics"> <li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/grad"> Graduate Programs </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/ugrad"> Undergraduate Programs </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/ese-graduate-student-timeline"> ESE Graduate Student Timeline </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/courses"> Courses </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/course-schedule"> Course Schedule </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/resources"> Resources </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/academics/apply"> Apply </a> </li></ul> </div></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2 align-self-start" id="slide-menu-slide-71385" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Research submenu"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__black-stripe"></div> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__content"> <div class="slide-menu__level-2__title"> Research </div> <button class="slide-menu__level-2__back-button" tabindex="0"> <svg class="slide-menu__arrow-icon icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-chevron-left"></use></svg> Back </button> <div class="slide-menu__divider slide-menu__divider--slide dropdown-divider"></div> <ul class="slide-menu__level-2__list" aria-label="Research"> <li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/research/centers"> Research Centers & Initiatives </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://ese.caltech.edu/research/facilities"> Facilities </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://resnick.caltech.edu/resource-centers/water-and-environment-lab-wel"> Resnick Water and Environment Laboratory (WEL) </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://lindecenter.caltech.edu/"> The Linde Center </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://clima.caltech.edu/"> Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA) </a> </li><li class="slide-menu__level-2__item"> <a class="slide-menu__level-2__link" href="https://climatesciences.jpl.nasa.gov/"> JPL Center for Climate Sciences </a> </li></ul> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header__search" role="search" aria-label="Site"> <button type="button" class="header__search__button" aria-controls="search-form" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Search"> <img alt="" class="header__search__icon" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/icon-search.png"> </button> <form id="search-form" class="header__search__form" action="/search" method="GET"> <label class="header__search__form__label mb-0 w-100 mr-3"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><input class="header__search__form__query w-100 h-100" type="search" name="q" value="" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" /></label><button class="header__search__form__submit" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </div> </nav> </header> <section class="block-NotificationsBlock"> <div class="notifications-block notifications-block--all-pages" data-location-id="61"> </div> </section> </header> <main id="content" class="content home-page" data-page-id="71336"> <section class="block-AirspaceImageCarouselHeaderBlock"> <div id="f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-interval="10000" data-pause=false class="carousel slide js-image-carousel image-carousel-header mb-5" > <div class="image-carousel-header__live-region sr-only" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true"></div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-inner carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item active" > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_65.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_6.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/shutterstock_651928258.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_651928258.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.png 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_651.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_651.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_651928258.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_651928258.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="forest" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="575" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/shutterstock_651928258.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png" width="1600"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1600" height="576"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0ba.fill-1600.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.jpg 2x" width="1600" height="576"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0b.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0b.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x8.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x8.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="desert" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="576" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/DSC_0256.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.jpg" width="1600"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussio.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussi.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1280" height="461"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.png 2x" width="1280" height="461"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="CLiMA" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="461" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-discussion.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png" width="1280"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_66.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_6.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif_PkYncdV.avif 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/shutterstock_669263287.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_669263287.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.png 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_669.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_669.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_669263287.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_669263287.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="iceberg" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="575" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/shutterstock_669263287.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png" width="1600"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneider.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneide.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1440" height="518"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Tapio_Schneider-CO2-CloudCov.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneider-CO2-CloudCo.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.jpg 2x" width="1440" height="518"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneider-.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneider-.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneider-CO2-CloudCov..2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/Tapio_Schneider-CO2-CloudCov..2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="Tapio Schneider CO2 Cloud Cover" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="518" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Tapio_Schneider-CO2-CloudCov.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.jpg" width="1440"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-Air.2cdf7e8d.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-Ai.2cdf7e8d.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/SessionsLab-AirTesting-013-W.2cdf7e8d.fill-1600x575-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-AirTesting-013-.2cdf7e8d.fill-3200x1150-c100.jpg 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-AirT.2cdf7e8d.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-AirT.2cdf7e8d.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-AirTesting-013-W..2cdf7e8d.fill-425x153-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/SessionsLab-AirTesting-013-W..2cdf7e8d.fill-850x306-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="Sessions Lab - AirTesting" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="575" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/SessionsLab-AirTesting-013-W.2cdf7e8d.fill-1600x575-c100.jpg" width="1600"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1280" height="461"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.png 2x" width="1280" height="461"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="CLiMA" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="461" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-model.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png" width="1280"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_71.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_7.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/shutterstock_712542334.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_712542334.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.png 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_712.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_712.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_712542334.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_712542334.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="storms" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="575" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/shutterstock_712542334.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png" width="1600"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item large carousel-item " > <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_58.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_5.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587335907.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587335907.2e16d0ba.fill-3200x1150-c100.png 2x" width="1600" height="575"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="153"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587335907.2e16d0ba.fill-425x153-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587335907.2e16d0ba.fill-850x306-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="153"> <img alt="water" class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__image" decoding="async" height="575" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/shutterstock_587335907.2e16d0ba.fill-1600x575-c100.png" width="1600"> </picture> <span class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__title sr-only"> </span> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption carousel-caption "> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__title visible-title" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="image-carousel-header__carousel-item__caption__text"> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="image-carousel-header__carousel-caption__title sr-only"> ESE </h1> </div> <div class="carousel-indicators image-carousel-header__carousel-indicators"> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot active" data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="0"><span class="sr-only">Slide 1</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="1"><span class="sr-only">Slide 2</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="2"><span class="sr-only">Slide 3</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="3"><span class="sr-only">Slide 4</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="4"><span class="sr-only">Slide 5</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="5"><span class="sr-only">Slide 6</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="6"><span class="sr-only">Slide 7</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="7"><span class="sr-only">Slide 8</span></button> <button class="image-carousel-header__indicator-dot " data-target="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" data-slide-to="8"><span class="sr-only">Slide 9</span></button> <button class="js-pause image-carousel-header__pause-button pause-button"><svg class="sic-header__carousel__pause-button__icon icon play" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-play"></use></svg><svg class="sic-header__carousel__pause-button__icon icon pause d-none" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-pause"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Autoplay Carousel</span></button> </div> <button class="left carousel-control-prev image-carousel-header__carousel-control image-carousel-header__carousel-control--prev" href="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> <img class="image-carousel-header__carousel-control__icon" src="/static/airspace/img/icon-chevron-white-left.png" alt=""> </button> <button class="right carousel-control-next image-carousel-header__carousel-control image-carousel-header__carousel-control--next" href="#f85375fd-41ef-45ae-8491-52339c1707b9" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> <img class="image-carousel-header__carousel-control__icon" src="/static/airspace/img/icon-chevron-white-right.png" alt=""> </button> </div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--25"></div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceCenteredOneColumnBlock"> <div class="layout-wrapper"> <div class="centered-one-column-block layout-block"> <section class="block-AirspaceLeadBlock"> <div class="lead-block"> <p class="lead">ESE scientists and engineers investigate the fundamental physical, chemical, and biological processes that shape Earth’s environment and provide the scientific and engineering underpinnings needed to inform resilient practices by governments, businesses, and consumers. The department trains students to solve problems that cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and equips them with a holistic knowledge base about environmental systems. Students in ESE receive a broad education and carry out research addressing some of the grand science and engineering challenges of our times.</p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceHeadingBlock"> <h2 class="heading-block heading-block--centered"> Explore ESE </h2> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--25"></div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceTwoColumnLayoutBlock"> <div class="two-column-layout-block two-column-layout-block--indented gutter-30px layout-block container-fluid"> <div class="two-column-layout-block__row row"> <div class="two-column-layout-block__left-column-content col-md-4"> <section class="block-AirspaceTitledLinksBlock"> <div class="titled-links-block titled-links-block--one-column"> <h2 class="titled-links-block__title mb-3">Research Areas</h2> <div class="titled-links-block__links "> <div class="titled-links-block__link "> <a href="/research" class="titled-links-block__link__anchor"> Atmospheric composition and air pollution </a> </div> <div class="titled-links-block__link "> <a href="/research" class="titled-links-block__link__anchor"> Environmental chemistry and technology </a> </div> <div class="titled-links-block__link "> <a href="/research" class="titled-links-block__link__anchor"> Dynamics of climate </a> </div> <div class="titled-links-block__link "> <a href="/research" class="titled-links-block__link__anchor"> Biogeochemistry and climates of the past </a> </div> <div class="titled-links-block__link "> <a href="/research" class="titled-links-block__link__anchor"> Environmental microbiology </a> </div> <div class="titled-links-block__link "> <a href="/research" class="titled-links-block__link__anchor"> Terrestrial carbon cycling, hydrology and landscape dynamics </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="two-column-layout-block__right-column-content col-md-8"> <section class="block-AirspaceImageCarouselBlock"> <div id="591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" data-interval="80000" data-pause=false class="carousel slide js-image-carousel image-carousel"> <div class="image-carousel__live-region sr-only" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true"></div> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="image-carousel__carousel-item carousel-item active"> <div class="image-carousel__image-title-wrapper"> <div class="image-carousel__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.jpg 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="poster session" class="image-carousel__image" decoding="async" height="496" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9986.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.jpg" width="883"> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel__carousel-item carousel-item "> <div class="image-carousel__image-title-wrapper"> <div class="image-carousel__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.png 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="CLiMA" class="image-carousel__image" decoding="async" height="496" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.png" width="883"> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel__carousel-item carousel-item "> <div class="image-carousel__image-title-wrapper"> <div class="image-carousel__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.png 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="CLiMA" class="image-carousel__image" decoding="async" height="496" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Clima-group.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.png" width="883"> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-carousel__carousel-item carousel-item "> <div class="image-carousel__image-title-wrapper"> <div class="image-carousel__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-1766x992-c100.jpg 2x" width="883" height="496"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="field work" class="image-carousel__image" decoding="async" height="496" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/Assets%20-%20Research/images/IMG_3577.2e16d0ba.fill-883x496-c100.jpg" width="883"> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-indicators image-carousel__carousel-indicators"> <button class="image-carousel__indicator-dot active" data-target="#591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" data-slide-to="0"><span class="sr-only">Slide 1</span></button> <button class="image-carousel__indicator-dot " data-target="#591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" data-slide-to="1"><span class="sr-only">Slide 2</span></button> <button class="image-carousel__indicator-dot " data-target="#591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" data-slide-to="2"><span class="sr-only">Slide 3</span></button> <button class="image-carousel__indicator-dot " data-target="#591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" data-slide-to="3"><span class="sr-only">Slide 4</span></button> <button class="js-pause image-carousel__pause-button pause-button"><svg class="sic-header__carousel__pause-button__icon icon play" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-play"></use></svg><svg class="sic-header__carousel__pause-button__icon icon pause d-none" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-pause"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Autoplay Carousel</span></button> </div> <button class="left carousel-control-prev image-carousel__carousel-control image-carousel__carousel-control--prev" href="#591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> <img class="image-carousel__carousel-control__icon" src="/static/airspace/img/icon-chevron-white-left.png" alt=""> </button> <button class="right carousel-control-next image-carousel__carousel-control image-carousel__carousel-control--next" href="#591a0c77-fccd-4290-9fab-c5e4f69ef23c" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> <img class="image-carousel__carousel-control__icon" src="/static/airspace/img/icon-chevron-white-right.png" alt=""> </button> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--30"></div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceTwoColumnLayoutBlock"> <div class="two-column-layout-block two-column-layout-block--indented gutter-30px layout-block container-fluid"> <div class="two-column-layout-block__row row"> <div class="two-column-layout-block__left-column-content col-md-6"> <section class="block-AirspaceImageCarouselBlock"> <div id="fc8369db-ec5b-426f-b22d-a6dce5301595" class="image-carousel single-item"> <div class="image-carousel__inner"> <div class="image-carousel__carousel-item "> <a class="image-carousel__carousel-item__link" href="/academics/grad"> <div class="image-carousel__image-title-wrapper"> <div class="image-carousel__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Researc.2e16d0ba.fill-655x368-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Resear.2e16d0ba.fill-1310x736-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="655" height="368"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Research_Group-Buenc.2e16d0ba.fill-655x368-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Research_Group-Buen.2e16d0ba.fill-1310x736-c100.jpg 2x" width="655" height="368"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Researc.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif_NUsounq.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Researc.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Research_Group-Buenc.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Research_Group-Buenc.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="Wennberg Research Group, Reina Buenconsejo and Sara Murphy" class="image-carousel__image" decoding="async" height="368" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/Wennberg_Research_Group-Buenc.2e16d0ba.fill-655x368-c100.jpg" width="655"> </picture> <div class="image-carousel__text-gradient d-none d-sm-block"></div> </div> <div class="image-carousel__caption-title "> Graduate Programs </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="two-column-layout-block__right-column-content col-md-6"> <section class="block-AirspaceImageCarouselBlock"> <div id="e7a99130-b5e3-4908-8fd0-abee015198d9" class="image-carousel single-item"> <div class="image-carousel__inner"> <div class="image-carousel__carousel-item "> <a class="image-carousel__carousel-item__link" href="/academics/ugrad"> <div class="image-carousel__image-title-wrapper"> <div class="image-carousel__image-wrapper"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-655x368-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-1310x736-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="655" height="368"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-655x368-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-1310x736-c100.jpg 2x" width="655" height="368"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="Undergrad student" class="image-carousel__image" decoding="async" height="368" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/ese/images/IMG_9970.2e16d0ba.fill-655x368-c100.jpg" width="655"> </picture> <div class="image-carousel__text-gradient d-none d-sm-block"></div> </div> <div class="image-carousel__caption-title "> Undergraduate Programs </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--25"></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--40"></div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceHorizontalRuleBlock"> <hr class="airspace-hr airspace-hr--80" /> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--50"></div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceTwoColumnLayoutBlock"> <div class="two-column-layout-block two-column-layout-block--indented gutter-40px layout-block container-fluid"> <div class="two-column-layout-block__row row"> <div class="two-column-layout-block__left-column-content col-md-4"> <section class="block-EventsBlock"> </section> <section class="block-EventsBlock"> <div class="events-block events-block--vertical"> <div class="events-block__header d-flex flex-row align-items-baseline justify-content-between w-100 mb-3 mb-sm-5"> <h2 class="events-block__header__title"> Events </h2> <a class="events-block__header__link" href="/events"> All Events <span class="events-block__header__link__arrow pr-1"></span> </a> </div> <div class="events-block__events "> <div class="events-block__events__event pb-4 "> <div class="event-datetime"> <span class="event-datetime__date"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-calendar-days"></use></svg>Ongoing </span> </div> <h3 class="events-block__events__event__title my-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__title__link" href="/events/study-period-87938">Study Period</a> </h3> <div class="events-block__events__event__bottom"></div> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event pb-4 "> <div class="event-datetime"> <span class="event-datetime__date"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-calendar-days"></use></svg>March 13, 2025 </span> <span class="event-datetime__time"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-clock"></use></svg>11:00 am </span> </div> <h3 class="events-block__events__event__title my-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__title__link" href="/events/mechanical-and-civil-engineering-seminar-89889">Mechanical and Civil Engineering Seminar</a> </h3> <div class="events-block__events__event__location mb-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__location__link" href="https://www.caltech.edu/map/campus/charles-c-gates-jr-franklin-thomas-laboratory-of-engineering">Gates-Thomas 135</a> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event__seminar-title mb-3"> Advances in Turbulent Drag Reduction for Energy-Efficient Transportation </div> <div class="events-block__events__event__speakers mb-3"> <div class="seminar-speaker"> <span class="seminar-speaker__name">Matt K. Fu</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> <span class="seminar-speaker__title">Research Scientist</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> <span class="seminar-speaker__department">GALCIT</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> <span class="seminar-speaker__institution">Caltech</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> </div> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event__bottom"></div> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event pb-4 "> <div class="event-datetime"> <span class="event-datetime__date"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-calendar-days"></use></svg>March 17, 2025 </span> <span class="event-datetime__time"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-clock"></use></svg>8:00 am </span> </div> <h3 class="events-block__events__event__title my-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__title__link" href="/events/final-examinations-for-winter-term-87937">Final Examinations for Winter Term</a> </h3> <div class="events-block__events__event__bottom"></div> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event pb-4 "> <div class="event-datetime"> <span class="event-datetime__date"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-calendar-days"></use></svg>March 19, 2025 </span> <span class="event-datetime__time"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-clock"></use></svg>12:00 am </span> </div> <h3 class="events-block__events__event__title my-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__title__link" href="/events/end-of-winter-term-87938">End of Winter Term</a> </h3> <div class="events-block__events__event__bottom"></div> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event pb-4 "> <div class="event-datetime"> <span class="event-datetime__date"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-calendar-days"></use></svg>March 19, 2025 </span> <span class="event-datetime__time"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" role=”presentation” focusable="false"><use href="#icon-clock"></use></svg>4:00 pm </span> </div> <h3 class="events-block__events__event__title my-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__title__link" href="/events/environmental-science-and-engineering-seminar-504">Environmental Science and Engineering Seminar</a> </h3> <div class="events-block__events__event__location mb-3"> <a class="events-block__events__event__location__link" href="https://www.caltech.edu/map/campus/seeley-g-mudd-building-of-geophysics-and-planetary-science-south-mudd">South Mudd 365</a> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event__seminar-title mb-3"> From soil to subsurface: how measuring "the speed of life" can inform our understanding of terrestrial carbon cycling and the clean energy transition </div> <div class="events-block__events__event__speakers mb-3"> <div class="seminar-speaker"> <span class="seminar-speaker__name">Tristan Caro</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> <span class="seminar-speaker__title">Stanback Postdoctoral Scholar</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> <span class="seminar-speaker__institution">Caltech</span><i class="seminar-speaker__separator">,</i> </div> </div> <div class="events-block__events__event__bottom"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="two-column-layout-block__right-column-content col-md-8"> <section class="block-NewsTeasersListingBlock"> <div class="news-teasers-listing-block"> <div class="news-teasers-listing-block__header d-flex flex-row align-items-baseline justify-content-between w-100 mb-3 mb-sm-5"> <h2 class="news-teasers-listing-block__header__title"> News </h2> <a class="news-teasers-listing-block__header__link" href="/news"> All News <span class="news-teasers-listing-block__header__link__arrow pr-1"></span> </a> </div> <div class="news-teasers-listing-block__articles row flex-sm-row flex-sm-wrap"> <div class="article-teaser col-sm-6"> <div class="article-teaser__image-container"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex=-1 href="https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/nasa-dc8"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXR.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rX.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXRIif.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXRIif.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.jpg 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXR.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXR.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXRIif.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXRIif.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="DC-8 jet plane on runway after its final flight, with a rainbow above it." class="img-fluid article-teaser__image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/dc8-rainbow_9rXRIif.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.jpg" width="710"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__image-border"></div> <div class="article-teaser__info"> <div class="article-teaser__published-date"> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="12" height="12"> <rect width="12" height="12" style="fill:rgb(170,169,159);" /> <line x1="6" y1="0" x2="6" y2="12" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> <line x1="0" y1="6" x2="12" y2="6" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> </svg> </span> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__date">December 9, 2024</span> </div> <div class="article-teaser__title"> <a href="https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/nasa-dc8" class="article-teaser__link"> The Lab in the Sky Says Goodbye<svg class="icon external-link" role="img" aria-label="Link opens in a new tab"><use href="#icon-arrow-up-right-from-square"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-teaser col-sm-6"> <div class="article-teaser__image-container"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex=-1 href="/news/Karthikeyan-NFP"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smru.e9699648.fill-710x400-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smr.e9699648.fill-1420x800-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smruthi-Faculty-1.e9699648.fill-710x400-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smruthi-Faculty-.e9699648.fill-1420x800-c100.jpg 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smru.e9699648.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smru.e9699648.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smruthi-Faculty-1.e9699648.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smruthi-Faculty-1.e9699648.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="A woman with brown hair and brown eyes wears a black shirt in front of a whiteboard with blurred out words" class="img-fluid article-teaser__image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/Karthikeyan_Smruthi-Faculty-1.e9699648.fill-710x400-c100.jpg" width="710"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__image-border"></div> <div class="article-teaser__info"> <div class="article-teaser__published-date"> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="12" height="12"> <rect width="12" height="12" style="fill:rgb(170,169,159);" /> <line x1="6" y1="0" x2="6" y2="12" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> <line x1="0" y1="6" x2="12" y2="6" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> </svg> </span> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__date">October 25, 2024</span> </div> <div class="article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/Karthikeyan-NFP" class="article-teaser__link"> Reimagining the Microbiome Landscape </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-teaser col-sm-6"> <div class="article-teaser__image-container"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex=-1 href="/news/data-to-discovery-art-climate"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page4.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page41-JPEG_K07PEA.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page41-JPEG_K07PE.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.jpg 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page4.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page4.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page41-JPEG_K07PEA.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page41-JPEG_K07PEA.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="An image of the CliMAScope interface with leaf coverage (LAI) visualized in green and photosynthetic energy production (GPP) in blue. Bright teal areas indicate high leaf coverage and energy production. Data are only shown for specific regions." class="img-fluid article-teaser__image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/ClimaScope-page41-JPEG_K07PEA.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.jpg" width="710"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__image-border"></div> <div class="article-teaser__info"> <div class="article-teaser__published-date"> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="12" height="12"> <rect width="12" height="12" style="fill:rgb(170,169,159);" /> <line x1="6" y1="0" x2="6" y2="12" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> <line x1="0" y1="6" x2="12" y2="6" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> </svg> </span> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__date">September 16, 2024</span> </div> <div class="article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/data-to-discovery-art-climate" class="article-teaser__link"> The Art of Seeing Science: Interactive Tools Visualize Climate Models </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-teaser col-sm-6"> <div class="article-teaser__image-container"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex=-1 href="/news/new-seawater-pathways-discovered-around-antarctica"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShel.21bf511a.fill-710x400-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShe.21bf511a.fill-1420x800-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShelf-NEWS-WEB_Bf.21bf511a.fill-710x400-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShelf-NEWS-WEB_B.21bf511a.fill-1420x800-c100.jpg 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShel.21bf511a.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShel.21bf511a.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShelf-NEWS-WEB_Bf.21bf511a.fill-425x239-c100.jpg, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShelf-NEWS-WEB_Bf.21bf511a.fill-850x478-c100.jpg 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="" class="img-fluid article-teaser__image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/AntarcticIceShelf-NEWS-WEB_Bf.21bf511a.fill-710x400-c100.jpg" width="710"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__image-border"></div> <div class="article-teaser__info"> <div class="article-teaser__published-date"> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="12" height="12"> <rect width="12" height="12" style="fill:rgb(170,169,159);" /> <line x1="6" y1="0" x2="6" y2="12" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> <line x1="0" y1="6" x2="12" y2="6" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> </svg> </span> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__date">June 18, 2024</span> </div> <div class="article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/new-seawater-pathways-discovered-around-antarctica" class="article-teaser__link"> New Seawater Pathways Discovered around Antarctica </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-teaser col-sm-6"> <div class="article-teaser__image-container"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex=-1 href="/news/caltech-led-mission-to-map-greenhouse-gas-emissions-named-finalist-by-nasa"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_R.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_RLJxYpK.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_RLJxYpK.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.png 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_R.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_R.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_RLJxYpK.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_RLJxYpK.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="CO2 plumes" class="img-fluid article-teaser__image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/root/images/China_CO2_ppmm_RLJxYpK.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.png" width="710"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__image-border"></div> <div class="article-teaser__info"> <div class="article-teaser__published-date"> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="12" height="12"> <rect width="12" height="12" style="fill:rgb(170,169,159);" /> <line x1="6" y1="0" x2="6" y2="12" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> <line x1="0" y1="6" x2="12" y2="6" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> </svg> </span> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__date">May 21, 2024</span> </div> <div class="article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/caltech-led-mission-to-map-greenhouse-gas-emissions-named-finalist-by-nasa" class="article-teaser__link"> Caltech-Led Mission to Map Greenhouse Gas Emissions Named Finalist by NASA </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-teaser col-sm-6"> <div class="article-teaser__image-container"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex=-1 href="/news/john-list-phd-65-receives-asce-2024-best-case-study-award"> <picture> <source data-name="desktop-avif" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Tease.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source data-name="desktop-primary" media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-1420x800-c100.png 2x" width="710" height="400"> <source type="image/avif" data-name="mobile-avif" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.format-avif.avif, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.format-avif.avif 2x" width="425" height="239"> <source data-name="mobile-primary" srcset="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-425x239-c100.png, https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-850x478-c100.png 2x" width="425" height="239"> <img alt="John List" class="img-fluid article-teaser__image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://divisions-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/eas70/images/John_List_Teaser.2e16d0ba.fill-710x400-c100.png" width="710"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="article-teaser__image-border"></div> <div class="article-teaser__info"> <div class="article-teaser__published-date"> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="12" height="12"> <rect width="12" height="12" style="fill:rgb(170,169,159);" /> <line x1="6" y1="0" x2="6" y2="12" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> <line x1="0" y1="6" x2="12" y2="6" style="stroke:rgb(255,255,255);stroke-width:2" /> </svg> </span> <span class="article-teaser__published-date__date">May 13, 2024</span> </div> <div class="article-teaser__title"> <a href="/news/john-list-phd-65-receives-asce-2024-best-case-study-award" class="article-teaser__link"> E. John List (PhD '65), Caltech Professor Emeritus, Receives ASCE 2024 Best Case Study Award </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="lightbox modal fade" id="modal-5881329d-d1e4-4506-a1fb-485acc29a680" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modal-5881329d-d1e4-4506-a1fb-485acc29a680-label" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="lightbox__dialog modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <span class="sr-only" id="modal-5881329d-d1e4-4506-a1fb-485acc29a680-label">Video Lightbox</span> <button type="button" class="lightbox__close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg class="icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true"> <use href="#icon-circle-xmark"></use> </svg> </button> <div class="lightbox__body modal-body"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="block-AirspaceSpacerBlock"> <div class="spacer spacer--100"></div> </section> </main> <footer class="width-1440-container footer-container"> <div class="footer d-flex flex-column flex-wrap flex-sm-row justify-content-sm-between"> <div class="footer__torch-box"></div> <img alt="" class="footer__torch" src="/static/theme-v7.0/img/flame.png"> <div class="footer__left"> <img alt="Caltech" class="footer__left__caltech-wordmark" src="/static/core/img/caltech-new-logo.png"> <div class="footer__left__caltech-title">California Institute of Technology</div> </div> <div class="footer__right"> <img class="footer__right__map-marker" src="/static/theme-v7.0/img/icon-footerpin.png" alt=""> <div class="footer__right__contact-info-row">1200 East California Boulevard</div> <div class="footer__right__contact-info-row">Pasadena, California 91125</div> </div> <nav class="footer__menu w-100 d-flex flex-wrap justify-content-center" aria-label="Footer"> <a class="footer__menu__link" href="https://digitalaccessibility.caltech.edu/">Digital Accessibility</a> <span class="footer__menu__separator">|</span> <a class="footer__menu__link" href="https://www.caltech.edu/privacy-notice">Privacy Notice</a> <span class="footer__menu__separator">|</span> <span class="footer__menu__link">Site Content Copyright © 2025</span> <span class="footer__menu__separator">|</span> <a class="footer__menu__link footer__menu__link--login" href="/admin/login/">Log In</a> </nav> </div> </footer> <script src="/static/theme-v7.0/js/anchor.js"></script> <script> anchors.options = { icon: '#', visible: 'hover', titleText: 'Right-click here and choose "Copy Link" to get a link to this part of the page.', } anchors.add('.rich-text h1, .rich-text h2, .rich-text h3, .rich-text h4, .rich-text h5, .rich-text h6, .heading-block'); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Environmental Science and Engineering