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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In the Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Official teaching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ex_Cathedra_Statement_In_Benedictus_Deus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ex_Cathedra_Statement_In_Benedictus_Deus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.1</span> <span>Ex Cathedra Statement In Benedictus Deus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ex_Cathedra_Statement_In_Benedictus_Deus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Catechism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catechism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.2</span> <span>Roman Catechism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catechism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.3</span> <span>Catechism of the Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description_of_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description_of_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4</span> <span>Description of the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description_of_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Doctrinal_errors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctrinal_errors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.1</span> <span>Doctrinal errors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctrinal_errors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature_of_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature_of_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.2</span> <span>Nature of the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature_of_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctifying_grace_and_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctifying_grace_and_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.3</span> <span>Sanctifying grace and the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctifying_grace_and_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_of_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_of_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.4</span> <span>Effect of the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_of_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judgment_Day_and_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judgment_Day_and_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.5</span> <span>Judgment Day and the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judgment_Day_and_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recipients_of_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recipients_of_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.6</span> <span>Recipients of the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recipients_of_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus_and_the_vision_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus_and_the_vision_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.4.7</span> <span>Jesus and the vision of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus_and_the_vision_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unofficial_teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unofficial_teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Unofficial teaching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unofficial_teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thomas_Aquinas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thomas_Aquinas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.1</span> <span>Thomas Aquinas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thomas_Aquinas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pope_John_XXII_and_the_beatific_vision_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pope_John_XXII_and_the_beatific_vision_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.2</span> <span>Pope John XXII and the beatific vision controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pope_John_XXII_and_the_beatific_vision_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Encyclopedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Encyclopedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.3</span> <span><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Encyclopedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_revelations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_revelations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2.4</span> <span>Private revelations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_revelations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الرؤية الطوباوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الرؤية الطوباوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3_beat%C3%ADfica" title="Visió beatífica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Visió beatífica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bla%C5%BEen%C3%A9_pat%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Blažené patření – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Blažené patření" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3n_beat%C3%ADfica" title="Visión beatífica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Visión beatífica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87" title="رویت سعیده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رویت سعیده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_b%C3%A9atifique" title="Vision béatifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vision béatifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiun_beatifis" title="Visiun beatifis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Visiun beatifis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visione_beatifica" title="Visione beatifica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visione beatifica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiun_beatifis" title="Visiun beatifis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Visiun beatifis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizja_uszcz%C4%99%C5%9Bliwiaj%C4%85ca" title="Wizja uszczęśliwiająca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wizja uszczęśliwiająca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis%C3%A3o_beat%C3%ADfica" title="Visão beatífica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visão beatífica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Блаженное видение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блаженное видение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelsk_vision" title="Himmelsk vision – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Himmelsk vision" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Боговидіння – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боговидіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E7%A6%8F%E7%9B%B4%E8%A7%82" title="荣福直观 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="荣福直观" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Ghost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantialitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinum_illud_munus" title="Divinum illud munus">Divinum illud munus</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Decalogus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Ex Cathedra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">Deificatio</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Realms beyond the States of the Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo">Limbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Hell in Christianity">Hell</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_mystery" title="Paschal mystery">Paschal mystery</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mater Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven" title="Queen of Heaven">Queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatrix" title="Mediatrix">Mediatrix</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_desire" title="Baptism of desire">Baptism of desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_blood" title="Baptism of blood">Baptism of blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_Ecclesiam_nulla_salus" title="Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus">Outside the Church there is no salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invincible_ignorance_(Catholic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invincible ignorance (Catholic theology)">Invincible ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">Means of grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Christianity)" title="Merit (Christianity)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">Mortal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_theory_of_atonement" title="Satisfaction theory of atonement">Satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_influence_theory_of_atonement" title="Moral influence theory of atonement">Moral influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergism" title="Synergism">Synergism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venial_sin" title="Venial sin">Venial sin</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_of_faith" title="Deposit of faith">Deposit of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystici_corporis_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystici corporis Christi">Mystical Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Perfect community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Other teachings</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_the_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic theology of the body">Body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Body" title="Theology of the Body">Lectures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_sexuality" title="Catholic theology of sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination#Catholicism" title="Predestination">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beatific vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Official Bible</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Epistula Encyclica</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Virtues">Cardinal Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Catholic ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism#Catholic_personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> <p><br /> Schools </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">Devotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Rites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgy</a>:</li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Post-Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Use of Sarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><br /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a>:</li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">Antipopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Deism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Deism">Deism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Pandeism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Pandeism">Pandeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Monasticism</a></li></ul> <p>Relations with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic%E2%80%93Eastern_Orthodox_relations" title="Catholic–Eastern Orthodox relations">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic-Protestant_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic-Protestant relations">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Societal issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_homosexuality" title="Catholic Church and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">in the United States</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_gender_roles_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sex and gender roles in the Catholic Church">Sex and gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_slavery" title="Catholic Church and slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">the Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Links and resources</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>, the <b>beatific vision</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">visio beatifica</i>) refers to the ultimate state of happiness that <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">believers</a> will experience when they see <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> face to face in <a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">heaven</a>. It is the ultimate direct self-communication of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Person" title="Person">person</a>. A person or angel possessing the beatific vision reaches, as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Communion_of_saints" title="Communion of saints">communion of saints</a>, perfect <a href="/wiki/Salvation_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation (Christianity)">salvation</a> in its entirety, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">heaven</a>. The notion of vision stresses the intellectual component of salvation, i.e., the immediate contemplation of God, though it encompasses the whole of the experience of joy, with happiness coming from seeing God finally face to face and not imperfectly through <a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">faith.</a> (<a href="/wiki/1_Corinthians_13" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Corinthians 13">1 Cor 13</a>:11–12).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is related to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> belief in <a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">theosis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyan">Wesleyan</a> notion of <a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection" title="Christian perfection">Christian perfection</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hymnary.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hymnary.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is seen in most church denominations as the reward for Christians in the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Islamic theology, those who die as believers and enter <a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a> will be given the vision of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Beatific" is derived from the Latin past participle ‘<i>beatificum</i>’, made happy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Vision" comes from the Latin noun ‘<i>visio</i>’, sight;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so ‘<i>beatifica visio</i>’ is 'a sight that makes one happy'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, the face of God is twofold: God's care for Israel ("And I will hide My face on that day, because of all the evil they have committed, when they turned to other deities.")<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and God's essence ("Then I will remove My hand, and you will see My back but My face shall not be seen.").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a>, all the prophets of the <a href="/wiki/Tanahk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanahk">Tanahk</a> (Old Testament) saw God dimly, as if through nine glass windows - save for Moses, who saw God clearly, as if through one glass window ((Yeb. 49b; Lev. R. i. 14)).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus teaches that the pure of heart will see God (Matthew 5:8) and that children's angels see the face of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> (Matthew 18:10).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Apostles teach that "[f]or now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face” (1 Corinthians 13:12), that without holiness "no one will see the Lord” (Hebrews 12:14), and that God's people "will see his face” (Revelation 22:4).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg/150px-Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg/225px-Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg/300px-Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="3223" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dore" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustave Dore">Gustave Dore</a>'s image of the beatific vision, from <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> states that God "dwells in unapproachable light, whom no one has even seen or can see" (<a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a> 6:16), but when God reveals himself to us in heaven we will then see him <i>face to face</i> (<a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a> 13:12).<sup id="cite_ref-LCMS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCMS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This concept has been termed "the beatific vision of God" by theologians of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and later on by various <a href="/wiki/Protestant_denomination" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant denomination">Protestant denominations</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Church">Methodist Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LCMS_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCMS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLUMC_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLUMC-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hymnary.org_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hymnary.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a> wrote of the saved's seeing God in the Kingdom of Heaven. </p> <blockquote><p>How great will your glory and happiness be, to be allowed to see God, to be honored with sharing the joy of salvation and eternal light with Christ your Lord and God... to delight in the joy of immortality in the Kingdom of Heaven with the righteous and God's friends!</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Pace" title="Edward A. Pace">Edward A. Pace</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> (1907) defined the beatific vision: </p> <blockquote><p>The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven. It is called "vision" to distinguish it from the mediate knowledge of God which the human mind may attain in the present life. And since in beholding God face to face the created intelligence finds perfect happiness, the vision is termed "beatific."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>, in his 1747 hymn "Maker, in Whom We Live", described union with God through the Holy Spirit as "beatific sight": </p> <blockquote><p>Spirit of Holiness, let all thy saints adore / thy sacred energy, and bless thine heart-renewing power. / No angel tongues can tell thy love's ecstatic height, / the glorious joy unspeakable, the beatific sight.<sup id="cite_ref-hymnary.org_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hymnary.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Catholic_Church">In the Catholic Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In the Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_teaching">Official teaching</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Official teaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church believes in the beatific vision because Jesus experienced it from conception to ascension, taught about it and promised it, and makes Catholics foretaste it by faith.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ex_Cathedra_Statement_In_Benedictus_Deus">Ex Cathedra Statement In Benedictus Deus</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ex Cathedra Statement In Benedictus Deus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XII" title="Pope Benedict XII">Pope Benedict XII</a> taught <a href="/wiki/Ex_cathedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex cathedra">ex cathedra</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_encyclical" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal encyclical">papal encyclical</a> Benedictus Deus that the beatific vision happens immediately after death:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>[I]mmediately after death...all the saints...have been, are and will be with Christ in heaven, in the heavenly kingdom and paradise, joined to the company of the holy angels...these souls have seen and see the divine essense with an intuitive vision and even face to face, without the mediation of any creature by way of object of vision; rather the divine essence immediately manifests itself to them, plainly, clearly and openly, and in this vision they enjoy the divine essence . Moreover, by this vision and enjoyment the souls...are truly blessed and have eternal life and rest...Such a vision and enjoyment of the divine essence do away with the acts of faith and hope in these souls, inasmuch as faith and hope are properly theological virtues. And after such intuitive and face-to-face vision and enjoyment has or will have begun for these souls, the same vision and enjoyment has continued and will continue without any interruption and without end until the last Judgment and from then on forever.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Roman_Catechism">Roman Catechism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Roman Catechism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Roman Catechism</a>, the saints in heaven see God, whereby they share in God's nature, wherewith they are truly and always happy. The catechism elaborates that the saints' happiness includes not just joy, but also glory (knowledge of one another's dignity), honor (reverence for one another as adopted sons of God), and peace (fulfillment of all the heart's desires). Moreover, the catechism adds, the beatific vision will, on <a href="/wiki/Judgment_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment Day">Judgment Day</a>, make the saints' resurrected bodies impassible (free from inconvenience, suffering, and death), bright as the angels, agile (free from the limitations of <a href="/wiki/Space-time" class="mw-redirect" title="Space-time">space-time</a>), and subtle (as subject to the soul as the soul is subject to God). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Catechism of the Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_the_Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church">Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>, the beatific vision is God opening himself in an inexhaustible way to the saints,<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1045_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1045-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that they can see him face to face,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thereby share in his nature,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and therefore enjoy eternal, definitive, supreme, perfect, and ever new happiness.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1045_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1045-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1024_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1024-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The catechism teaches that this happiness includes not just communion and perfect life with the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> and the saints,<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1024_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1024-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also the fulfillment of all the heart's desires<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1024_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1024-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - including, on Judgment Day, the body being glorified,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even endowed with impassibility, brightness, agility, and subtlety<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - and continual cooperation with God's will<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1029_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1029-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - including praying for all other people,<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_1029_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_1029-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even proffering one's merits to God for others' sake.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The catechism elaborates that the beatific vision is a grace and a privilege intended for everyone to attain,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the beatific vision is attained immediately after death – or after <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">purgatory</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – yet it is already foretasted in <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">eucharist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The catechism also teaches that the beatific vision is expressed in different ways in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">kingdom of God</a>, the vision of God, eternal life, divine adoption, a share in the divine nature, the joy of the Lord, and rest in God.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Description_of_the_vision_of_God">Description of the vision of God</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Description of the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Doctrinal_errors">Doctrinal errors</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Doctrinal errors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church has condemned many doctrinal errors about the vision of God. As a result, it teaches that the beatific vision is not natural (like a feeling, thought, dream, idea, desire, or mental image), indirect (like an <a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">apparition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locution" class="mw-disambig" title="Locution">locution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_God" title="Voice of God">voice of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabor_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor light">Tabor light</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odor_of_sanctity" class="mw-redirect" title="Odor of sanctity">odor of sanctity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">religious ecstasy</a>, or some other <a href="/wiki/Private_revelation" title="Private revelation">private revelation</a>), mediate (involving a mediator between God and oneself, like how people saw, heard, felt, and otherwise perceived Jesus' humanity during his lifetime, including after resurrection), relative (God being seen not as he is but as he is reflected in creation and in the saints), dark (God being seen not as he is but as inaccessible light coming from God), earned (God being seen not as he is but according to one's merit), unsatisfactory (one not sharing in God's happiness, which includes - but is not limited to - all of one's wants and needs being fulfilled beyond superabundance), imperfect (one not sharing in God's perfection, whereby one's moral state is impeccable), or finite (one not sharing in God's life, which is limitless and eternal).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Nature_of_the_vision_of_God">Nature of the vision of God</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nature of the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beatific vision is when God, though transcendent, opens himself up to people and angels, giving them the capacity to contemplate God in all His heavenly glory.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemplation is the prayer of silently focusing on God and heeding His word; in other words, contemplation is the prayer of uniting with God.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Sanctifying_grace_and_the_vision_of_God">Sanctifying grace and the vision of God</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sanctifying grace and the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beatific vision is ultimate union with God. It comes from sharing in God's holy nature via <a href="/wiki/Sanctifying_grace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctifying grace">sanctifying grace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Effect_of_the_vision_of_God">Effect of the vision of God</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Effect of the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because God is life (fullness, beatitude, and perfection) itself,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the beatific vision entails fullness of life (perfect friendship with Jesus and his angels and saints, including a share in Jesus' and the angels' and saints' own glories and honors)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ultimate beatitude and perfection (supreme definitive happiness, including immortality, i.e., freedom from Satan, temptation, sin, error, inconvenience, suffering, death, and every other evil).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Judgment_Day_and_the_vision_of_God">Judgment Day and the vision of God</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Judgment Day and the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Judgment Day, the saints will experience the beatific vision with their bodies as well. Their bodies will be as deified as their souls.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deification" class="mw-redirect" title="Deification">Deification</a> entails: </p> <ul><li>Impassibility (incorruptible / painless) – freedom from evil, i.e., temptation, sin, suffering, error, inconvenience, boredom, Satan, and death</li> <li>Subtility (permeability) – freedom from restraint by the laws of science, which includes <a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">shapeshifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">teleportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">time travel</a>, control over nature, and superhuman senses and prowess</li> <li>Agility – one's body will not act faster than one's mind or give in to emotion and impulse, for the body will be as obedient to the soul as the soul is to God</li> <li>Clarity – resplendent beauty and the <a href="/wiki/Five_crowns" title="Five crowns">five crowns</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Recipients_of_the_vision_of_God">Recipients of the vision of God</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Recipients of the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beatific vision is a grace and a privilege intended for every person and angel, since God created people and angels to enjoy the beatific vision. The beatific vision is the ultimate purpose of each person's and angel's life.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Jesus_and_the_vision_of_God">Jesus and the vision of God</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jesus and the vision of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because Jesus is considered God and man, His human nature experienced the beatific vision from conception to His ascension into heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Jesus suffered, was crucified, and died as a human being.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unofficial_teaching">Unofficial teaching</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Unofficial teaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Thomas_Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Thomas Aquinas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Beatific+vision%22">"Beatific vision"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Beatific+vision%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Beatific+vision%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Beatific+vision%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Beatific+vision%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Beatific+vision%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino,_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg/220px-Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg/330px-Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg/440px-Apoteosis_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino%2C_Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="2397" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas">The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a> (1631)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> defined the beatific vision as the human being's "final end" in which one attains to a perfect happiness. Thomas reasons that one is perfectly happy only when all one's desires are perfectly satisfied, to the degree that happiness could not increase and could not be lost. "Man is not perfectly happy, so long as something remains for him to desire and seek."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this kind of perfect happiness cannot be found in any physical pleasure, any amount of worldly power, any degree of temporal fame or honor, or indeed in any finite reality. It can only be found in something that is infinite and perfect – and this is God.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And since God is not a material thing but is pure spirit, we are united to God by knowing and loving Him. Consequently, the union with God is the most perfect human happiness and the ultimate goal of human life. But we cannot attain to this happiness by our own natural powers; it is a gift that must be given us by God, who strengthens us by the "light of glory" so that we can see Him as he is, without any intermediary. (Thomas quotes <a href="/wiki/Psalm_36" title="Psalm 36">Psalm 36</a>:9 on this point: "In your light we shall see light.")<sup id="cite_ref-auto_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, since every created image or likeness of God (including even the most perfect "ideas" or "images" of God we might generate in our minds) is necessarily finite, it would thus be infinitely less than God himself.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only perfect and infinite good, therefore, is God Himself, which is why Aquinas argues that our perfect happiness and final end can only be the direct union with God Himself and not with any created image of Him. This union comes about by a kind of "seeing" perfectly the divine essence itself, a gift given to our intellects when God joins them directly to Himself without any intermediary. And since in seeing this perfect vision of what (and who) God is, we grasp also His perfect goodness, this act of "seeing" is at the same time a perfect act of loving God as the highest and infinite goodness.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Aquinas, the beatific vision surpasses both <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">reason</a>. Rational knowledge does not fully satisfy humankind's innate desire to know God, since reason is primarily concerned with sensible objects and thus can only infer its conclusions about God indirectly.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theological virtue of faith, too, is incomplete, since Aquinas states that it always implies some imperfection in the understanding. The believer does not wish to remain merely on the level of faith but to grasp directly the object of faith, who is God himself.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus only the fullness of the beatific vision satisfies this fundamental desire of the human soul to know God. Quoting <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a>, Aquinas notes "We see now in a glass darkly, but then face to face" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+13:12&version=nkjv">1 Cor. 13,12</a>). Moreover, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Corinthians%205:2&version=nrsv">2 Cor. 5,2</a> affirms that "if our earthly house, this tent, is destroyed, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." The beatific vision is the final reward for those saints elected by God to partake in and "enjoy the same happiness wherewith God is happy, seeing Him in the way which He sees Himself" in the next life.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pope_John_XXII_and_the_beatific_vision_controversy">Pope John XXII and the beatific vision controversy<span class="anchor" id="controversy"></span></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pope John XXII and the beatific vision controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a> (1316–1334) caused a controversy involving beatific vision,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saying — not as Pope but as a private theologian — the saved do not attain the beatific vision until <a href="/wiki/Judgment_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment Day">Judgment Day</a>, a view more consistent with <a href="/wiki/Christian_mortalism" title="Christian mortalism">soul sleep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general understanding at the time was that the saved attained Heaven after being purified and before Judgment Day. He never proclaimed his belief as doctrine but rather as an opinion (see <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council"><i>ex cathedra</i></a>, as defined at the First Vatican Council in 1870). </p><p>The Sacred College of Cardinals held a <a href="/wiki/Papal_consistory" title="Papal consistory">consistory</a> on the problem in January 1334, and Pope John backed away from his novel views to the more standard understanding. </p><p>His successor, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XII" title="Pope Benedict XII">Pope Benedict XII</a>, in the bull <i>Benedictus Deus</i>, taught that the saved see Heaven (and thus, God) before Judgement Day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESommer2021326_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESommer2021326-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Catholic_Encyclopedia"><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Catholic Encyclopedia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> defines the beatific vision as the immediate knowledge of God enjoyed by all the heavenly creatures.<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It explains that the vision of God is called "beatific" because by seeing God the mind finds perfect happiness, and called "vision" because the sight of God in heaven is not the same as mediate knowledge of God.<sup id="cite_ref-newadvent.org_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Private_revelations">Private revelations</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Private revelations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saints who have seen or visited heaven do not mention the beatific vision. Instead, they sometimes give materialistic descriptions of heaven (garden, mansion, city, etc.) and sometimes give spiritual descriptions of heaven (joy, peace, lack of time, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Quran, on Judgment Day "some faces will be bright, looking at the Lord." (75:22-23)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ala-Maududi comments that some commentators "have understood this allegorically," and that as for himself, he believes "in the Hereafter the dwellers of Paradise will not see Allah in the specific form in which man sees something in the world, but their nature of seeing will be different, which we cannot comprehend here."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFK._Rahner" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">K. Rahner</a>. "Beatific Vision". <i>Sacramentum Mundi. An Encyclopedia of Theology</i>. Vol. 1. pp. <span class="nowrap">151–</span>153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beatific+Vision&rft.btitle=Sacramentum+Mundi.+An+Encyclopedia+of+Theology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.au=K.+Rahner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> 163, 1028, 1045</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_of_Nyssa" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>. <i>De Beatitudinibus 6, <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">PG</a> 44, 1265A</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Beatitudinibus+6%2C+PG+44%2C+1265A&rft.au=Gregory+of+Nyssa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulk2007" class="citation book cs1">Faulk, Edward (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GsuZfoYfH_oC&pg=PA63"><i>Questions and Answers on Eastern Catholic Churches</i></a>. aulist Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4441-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4441-9"><bdi>978-0-8091-4441-9</bdi></a>. <q>What is theosis? Both the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches feature this idea as a central point in their theology</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questions+and+Answers+on+Eastern+Catholic+Churches&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=aulist+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4441-9&rft.aulast=Faulk&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGsuZfoYfH_oC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInbody2005" class="citation book cs1">Inbody, Tyron (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cHvF2SiBn-kC&pg=PA229"><i>The Faith of the Christian Church: An Introduction to Theology</i></a>. Eerdmans. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4151-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4151-1"><bdi>0-8028-4151-1</bdi></a>. <q>Eastern and Roman Catholic churches typically describe salvation as <i>theosis</i> or deification or divinization</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Faith+of+the+Christian+Church%3A+An+Introduction+to+Theology&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8028-4151-1&rft.aulast=Inbody&rft.aufirst=Tyron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcHvF2SiBn-kC%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hymnary.org-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hymnary.org_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hymnary.org_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hymnary.org_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wesley, Charles. "Maker, in Whom We Live." The United Methodist Hymnal. Nashville: The United Methodist Publishing House, 1989. 28 May 2018. <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hymnary.org/hymn/UMH/88">https://hymnary.org/hymn/UMH/88</a>>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Deification". <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deification&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qur'ān 75:22-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/beatific">Etymology Online: Beatific</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/vision">Etymology Online: Vision</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9995/showrashi/true/jewish/Chapter-31.htm#lt=primary">Chabad Exodus 31:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9894/showrashi/true/jewish/Chapter-33.htm#lt=primary">Chabad Exodus 33:32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11049-moses">Jewish Encyclopedia, Moses</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/matthew/5-8.htm">Biblehub, Matt 5:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/matthew/18-10.htm">Biblehub, Matt 18:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/1_corinthians/13-12.htm">Biblehub, 1 Cor 13:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrews/12-14.htm">Biblehub, Heb 12:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/revelation/22-4.htm">Biblehub, Rev 22:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LCMS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LCMS_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LCMS_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511173949/http://www.lcms.org/pages/internal.asp?NavID=6948">"God in Heaven"</a>. Lutheran Church Missouri Synod. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcms.org/pages/internal.asp?NavID=6948">the original</a> on 11 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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PART 1 SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 12"</a>. <i>www.scborromeo.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scborromeo.org&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+PART+1+SECTION+2+CHAPTER+3+ARTICLE+12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Fccc%2Fp123a12.htm%231028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p4s1c3a1.htm#2715">"Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 4 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 1"</a>. <i>www.scborromeo.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scborromeo.org&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+PART+4+SECTION+1+CHAPTER+3+ARTICLE+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Fccc%2Fp4s1c3a1.htm%232715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p1s1c3a1.htm#163">"Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 1 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 ARTICLE 1"</a>. <i>www.scborromeo.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scborromeo.org&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+PART+1+SECTION+1+CHAPTER+3+ARTICLE+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Fccc%2Fp1s1c3a1.htm%23163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFather_Battista_Mondin,_O.P.2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battista_Mondin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battista Mondin (page does not exist)">Battista Mondin</a>, O.P. (2022). "11-Ontologia: dall'ente all'essere sussistente". <i>Ontologia e metafisica</i> [<i>Ontology and metaphysics. 11-Ontology: from the being to the subsistent being</i>]. 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Hardon (page does not exist)">John A. Hardon</a>, p. 265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a2.htm#1722">"Catechism of the Catholic Church - PART 3 SECTION 1 CHAPTER 1 ARTICLE 2"</a>. <i>www.scborromeo.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scborromeo.org&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+PART+3+SECTION+1+CHAPTER+1+ARTICLE+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Fccc%2Fp3s1c1a2.htm%231722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/para/473.htm">CCC 473</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cin.org/users/james/ebooks/master/trent/tcreed04.htm">Roman Catechism Article IV</a> Although human nature was united to the Divine Person, He felt the bitterness of His Passion as acutely as if no such union had existed "because in the one Person of Jesus Christ were preserved the properties of both natures" human and divine; and therefore what was passible and mortal remained passible and mortal; while what was impassible and immortal, that is, His Divine Nature, continued impassible and immortal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2003.htm#article8">"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: What is happiness (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 3, a. 8)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=SUMMA+THEOLOGIAE%3A+What+is+happiness+%28Prima+Secundae+Partis%2C+Q.+3%2C+a.+8%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F2003.htm%23article8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2002.htm#article8">"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: Things in which man's happiness consists (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 2, a. 8)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=SUMMA+THEOLOGIAE%3A+Things+in+which+man%27s+happiness+consists+%28Prima+Secundae+Partis%2C+Q.+2%2C+a.+8%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F2002.htm%23article8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1012.htm#article4">"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: How God is known by us (Prima Pars, Q. 12, a. 4)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=SUMMA+THEOLOGIAE%3A+How+God+is+known+by+us+%28Prima+Pars%2C+Q.+12%2C+a.+4%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F1012.htm%23article4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1012.htm#article2">"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: How God is known by us (Prima Pars, Q. 12, a. 2)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=SUMMA+THEOLOGIAE%3A+How+God+is+known+by+us+%28Prima+Pars%2C+Q.+12%2C+a.+2%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F1012.htm%23article2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa Theologiae</a>, I–II, qq. 2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813155010/http://www.newadvent.org/summa/101212.htm">"SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Can we know God by natural reason in this life?"</a>. August 13, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/summa/101212.htm">the original</a> on 2006-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUMMA+THEOLOGICA%3A+Can+we+know+God+by+natural+reason+in+this+life%3F&rft.date=2006-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F101212.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908020356/http://www2.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/gc3_40.htm">"Jacques Maritain Center: GC 3.40"</a>. September 8, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/gc3_40.htm">the original</a> on 2006-09-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Maritain+Center%3A+GC+3.40&rft.date=2006-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nd.edu%2FDepartments%2FMaritain%2Fetext%2Fgc3_40.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908022931/http://www2.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/gc3_51.htm">"Jacques Maritain Center: GC 3.51"</a>. September 8, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/gc3_51.htm">the original</a> on 2006-09-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Maritain+Center%3A+GC+3.51&rft.date=2006-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nd.edu%2FDepartments%2FMaritain%2Fetext%2Fgc3_51.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Dykmans, Les sermons de Jean XXII sur la vision béatifique, Rome, 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louise Bourdua, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Dunlop" title="Anne Dunlop">Anne Dunlop</a> <i>Art and the Augustinian order in early Renaissance Italy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESommer2021326-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESommer2021326_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSommer2021">Sommer 2021</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Beatific Vision"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Beatific+Vision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F02364a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncregister.com/blog/saints-who-saw-heaven-and-hell">National Catholic Register, These Saints Had Visions of Heaven and Hell and Revealed What They Saw</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/75">Quran.Com, Surah 75</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myislam.org/surah-qiyamah/ayat-23/">Myislam.com, Surah Al-Qiyamah Ayat 23 (75:23 Quran) With Tafsir</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Rahner1968" class="citation book cs1">K. Rahner (1968). "Beatific Vision". <i>Sacramentum Mundi. An Encyclopedia of Theology</i>. Vol. 1. London: Burns & Oates. pp. <span class="nowrap">151–</span>153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-223-29384-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-223-29384-9"><bdi>0-223-29384-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beatific+Vision&rft.btitle=Sacramentum+Mundi.+An+Encyclopedia+of+Theology&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-223-29384-9&rft.au=K.+Rahner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Deification". <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deification&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSommer2021" class="citation book cs1">Sommer, Michael (2021). "Between Jewish and Egyptian Thinking: The Apocalypse of Sophonias as a Bridge between Two Worlds?". In Konradt, Matthias; Lieu, Judith; Nasrallah, Laura; Schröter, Jens; Sterling, Gregory E. (eds.). <i>Dreams, Visions, Imaginations: Jewish, Christian and Gnostic Views of the World to Come</i>. De Gruyter. pp. <span class="nowrap">319–</span>342.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+Jewish+and+Egyptian+Thinking%3A+The+Apocalypse+of+Sophonias+as+a+Bridge+between+Two+Worlds%3F&rft.btitle=Dreams%2C+Visions%2C+Imaginations%3A+Jewish%2C+Christian+and+Gnostic+Views+of+the+World+to+Come&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E319-%3C%2Fspan%3E342&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Sommer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeatific+vision" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatific_vision&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papalencyclicals.net/ben12/b12bdeus.htm"><i>Benedictus Deus</i> on papalencyclicals.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedictus-xii/la/documents/constitutio-benedictus-deus-29-ian-1336.html"><i>Benedictus Deus</i> in Latin on the Holy See's website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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