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<li id="toc-Foundation_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Public ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_WW2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_WW2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>During WW2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_WW2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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</li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&params=52.479417_N_1.909414_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°28′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°54′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.479417°N 1.909414°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.479417; -1.909414</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Theatre in Birmingham, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Birmingham Rep</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Birmingham Rep</li> <li>The Rep</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:THE-REP_LOGO.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/THE-REP_LOGO.png/220px-THE-REP_LOGO.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/THE-REP_LOGO.png/330px-THE-REP_LOGO.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/THE-REP_LOGO.png/440px-THE-REP_LOGO.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1706" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg/250px-Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg/375px-Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg/500px-Birmingham_Rep_-_credit_Kris_Askey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="3766" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Birmingham Rep in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_fedb2c6b4ccd051a166be14a24940bea2b9273a6"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&revid=1256410773&groups=_fedb2c6b4ccd051a166be14a24940bea2b9273a6" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&revid=1256410773&groups=_fedb2c6b4ccd051a166be14a24940bea2b9273a6 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Centenary_Square" title="Centenary Square">Centenary Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street,_Birmingham" title="Broad Street, Birmingham">Broad Street</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a><br /><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&params=52.479417_N_1.909414_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°28′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°54′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.479417°N 1.909414°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.479417; -1.909414</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio theatre">Studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">Capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>825 (The House)</li> <li>300 (The Studio)</li> <li>140 (The Door)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc">Construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1913<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1913</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rebuilt</th><td class="infobox-data">2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Winteringham" title="Graham Winteringham">Graham Winteringham</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://birmingham-rep.co.uk">birmingham-rep<wbr />.co<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Birmingham Repertory Theatre</b>, commonly called <b>Birmingham Rep</b> or just <b>The Rep</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Producing_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Producing theatre">producing theatre</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Centenary_Square" title="Centenary Square">Centenary Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Founded by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Jackson_(director)" title="Barry Jackson (director)">Barry Jackson</a>, it is the longest-established of Britain's building-based theatre companies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochrane20031_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochrane20031-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of its most consistently innovative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochrane2003cover_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECochrane2003cover-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today The Rep produces a wide range of drama in its three auditoria (825 seats, 300 seats, and 140 seats), much of which goes on to tour nationally and internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-ArtsCouncil_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtsCouncil-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company retains its commitment to new writing and in the five years to 2013 commissioned and produced 130 new plays.<sup id="cite_ref-ArtsCouncil_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtsCouncil-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company's former home, now known as "<a href="/wiki/Old_Rep" title="Old Rep">Old Rep</a>", is still in use as a theatre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_years">Foundation and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barry-Jackson-1922.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Barry-Jackson-1922.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Barry-Jackson-1922.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Barry-Jackson-1922.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Barry-Jackson-1922.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Barry-Jackson-1922.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Barry-Jackson-1922.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jackson_(director)" title="Barry Jackson (director)">Barry Jackson</a>, The Rep's founder, pictured in 1922.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of The Rep lie with the 'Pilgrim Players', an initially amateur <a href="/wiki/Theatre_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre company">theatre company</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Jackson_(director)" title="Barry Jackson (director)">Barry Jackson</a> in 1907 to reclaim and stage English <a href="/wiki/Poetic_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Poetic drama">poetic drama</a>, performing a repertoire that ranged from the 16th century morality play <i><a href="/wiki/Interlude_of_Youth" title="Interlude of Youth">Interlude of Youth</a></i> to contemporary works by <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next five years the company staged a total of 28 different productions, aiming to "put before the Birmingham public such plays as cannot be seen in the ordinary way at theatres", but also performing as far afield as <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xiv–xv_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xiv–xv-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their success and reputation led them to turn professional and rename themselves the 'Birmingham Repertory Company' in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September 1912 Jackson had bought a site in Station Street in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham City Centre">Birmingham City Centre</a> and appointed an architect to design what would become Britain's first purpose-built repertory theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction started the following month and the building – now the <a href="/wiki/Old_Rep" title="Old Rep">Old Rep</a> – opened with a production of <i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i> only four months later, on 15 February 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xv_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg/170px-Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg/255px-Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg/340px-Old_Rep_theatre_Birmingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3785" data-file-height="4815" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Rep" title="Old Rep">Old Rep</a> – The Rep's home from 1913 until 1971.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rep's stated mission was "to enlarge and increase the aesthetic sense of the public ... to give living authors an opportunity of seeing their works performed, and to learn something from the revival of the classics; in short to serve an art instead of making that art serve a commercial purpose".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There had been earlier repertory theatres in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, but the Birmingham project was unique.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous companies had taken over large commercial theatres and been governed by Boards of Directors; the Birmingham Rep occupied a small-scale auditorium that seated only 464 and was under the sole control of Jackson, whose combination of the roles of patron and artistic director was unique in British theatrical history, allowing the development of a far more imaginative and eclectic programme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of focusing on established star names and popular plays, Jackson's Rep was built around an <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> of young emerging acting talent, performing a repertoire that mixed classics, new writing, experimental productions and the revival of rarely performed works.<sup id="cite_ref-Hampton-Reeves_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hampton-Reeves-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a pivotal development in the establishment of the modern British theatrical landscape, setting the pattern that would later be followed by post-war companies such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hampton-Reeves_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hampton-Reeves-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rep developed its reputation with a series of artistic achievements whose effects would be felt far beyond Birmingham. Thirty-six plays were given their world premieres at The Rep during its first decade, with eight more, including major works by European writers such as <a href="/wiki/Chekhov" class="mw-redirect" title="Chekhov">Chekhov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>, being given their British premieres.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xvii_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xvii-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Drinkwater_(playwright)" title="John Drinkwater (playwright)">John Drinkwater</a> had been one of the original members of the Pilgrim Players and was employed as the Rep's first manager when it opened in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198449–50_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198449–50-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson encouraged his development into a dramatist, presenting a series of his one-act plays and culminating in the 1918 premiere of his first full-length work <i><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(play)" title="Abraham Lincoln (play)">Abraham Lincoln</a></i>, whose triumphant success marked a turning point both for playwright and theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450–51_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450–51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rep's 1923 production of <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s epic five play cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Methuselah" title="Back to Methuselah">Back to Methuselah</a></i> gave the company "a profile and stature that set it apart from other repertory theatres in Britain, as well as according it an artistic credibility that no London theatre of the time could match."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xx–xxi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xx–xxi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of longest-lasting influence however was the production of <i><a href="/wiki/Cymbeline" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></i> that opened in Birmingham in April 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxi_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxi-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first performance of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> to take place in <a href="/wiki/Modern_dress" title="Modern dress">modern dress</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it "bewildered" critics, leading to what Jackson happily called "a national and worldwide controversy".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rep's modern dress production of <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, opening at the Kingsway in August 1925, was the first modern dress staging of a Shakespeare play in London and "was to be the real test" of the technique.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company also came to be recognised as the country's leading training ground for actors and actresses who would later establish themselves as stars in London, New York or <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a>'s performance as <a href="/wiki/Romeo" title="Romeo">Romeo</a> with the company in 1924 was his first major role.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> made her professional debut with Birmingham seasons in 1926 and 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456–57_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456–57-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>'s recruitment by The Rep in March 1926 marked his theatrical breakthrough; The Rep was, he later commented, "where I had dreamt of being, where I knew would be found the absolute foundation of any good that I could ever be in my profession".<sup id="cite_ref-Rokison_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rokison-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1920s Jackson occupied a "central and commanding" role in high-brow British theatre<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Birmingham the nerve-centre of his activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least one production was presented in London every year from 1919 to 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, in addition to the programme in Birmingham, there were seven productions in London, a season at <a href="/wiki/Malvern,_Worcestershire" title="Malvern, Worcestershire">Malvern</a> and national tours of Britain and Canada – in the 1980s it was commented that "it is difficult to conceive how even an organisation as well-endowed today as the National Theatre or Royal Shakespeare Company could achieve such miracles within twelve months".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_ownership">Public ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Public ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jackson single-handedly financed the theatre for over two decades, personally losing over £100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnbull200819_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnbull200819-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scale of Jackson's financial commitment to The Rep was revealed by the recollections of <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> of his first meeting with Jackson in 1923: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>'How much a year are you out of pocket by this culture theatre of yours?' I said. He named an annual sum that would have sufficed to support fifty labourers and their families. I remarked that this was not more than it would cost him to keep a thousand-ton steam yacht. He said a theatre was better fun than a steam yacht, but said it in the tone of a man who could afford a steam yacht.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xix–xx_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xix–xx-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Jackson threatened to close the theatre at the end of the 1923–24 season after audiences at a production of <a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Georg Kaiser</a>'s <i>Gas</i> in November 1923 averaged only 109 per night, but relented after commitments were made by 4,000 subscribers for the following season.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxii–xxiii_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxii–xxiii-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fundraising appeal in 1934 raised only £3,000 of its £20,000 target, however, leading Jackson to hand over ownership to a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of trustees">board of trustees</a> in January 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this relieved Jackson of financial responsibility for the company, he would retain full artistic control until his death in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rep's radical reputation attracted young talent. Actors who first rose to prominence at the pre-war Rep included <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Hardwicke" title="Cedric Hardwicke">Cedric Hardwicke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Ffrangcon-Davies" title="Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies">Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Granger" title="Stewart Granger">Stewart Granger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>. </p><p>By the outbreak of the Second World War the Rep was, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Playhouse" title="Liverpool Playhouse">Liverpool Playhouse</a>, one of only two British theatres presenting programmes of quality drama outside London in accordance with the original aims of the repertory movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnbull200820_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnbull200820-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An indication of the Rep's status in British theatre at this time was given by the Scottish playwright <a href="/wiki/James_Bridie" title="James Bridie">James Bridie</a>, who wrote in 1938: "If we are to be bombed, a thorough razing from Piccadilly Circus to Drury Lane and down to The Strand would do less harm to the theatre than one bomb on Station Street, Birmingham."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiv_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiv-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All British theatres were closed for the first month of the war, and when the Rep reopened ticket sales were poor and staff had to take pay cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrewin1963124_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrewin1963124-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_WW2">During WW2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: During WW2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The director <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brook" title="Peter Brook">Peter Brook</a> launched his career at the Rep in 1945 and directed three plays with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> in 1945. Other post war actors included <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baker" title="Stanley Baker">Stanley Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Jeavons" title="Colin Jeavons">Colin Jeavons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Spall" title="Timothy Spall">Timothy Spall</a> (Cochrane 2003). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jackson_(theatre_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Jackson (theatre director)">Sir Barry Jackson</a> remained managing director of the theatre until his death in 1961. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broad_Street">Broad Street</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Broad Street"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971 the company moved from Station Street to a new 901-seat theatre designed by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Winteringham" title="Graham Winteringham">Graham Winteringham</a> and Keith Williams Architects on <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street,_Birmingham" title="Broad Street, Birmingham">Broad Street</a>, in the area that would later be developed as Centenary Square. The theatre was opened by <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret</a> and the first production to be shown in the theatre was an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i> called <i><a href="/wiki/First_Impressions_(musical)" title="First Impressions (musical)">First Impressions</a></i> which starred <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Routledge" title="Patricia Routledge">Patricia Routledge</a>. The building itself won a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects" title="Royal Institute of British Architects">Royal Institute of British Architects</a> award in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg/220px-Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg/330px-Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg/440px-Blue_plaque_Sampson_Gamgee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sampson_Gamgee" title="Sampson Gamgee">Sampson Gamgee</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Rep_from_Broad_Street,_Birmingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Rep_from_Broad_Street%2C_Birmingham.jpg/220px-The_Rep_from_Broad_Street%2C_Birmingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Rep_from_Broad_Street%2C_Birmingham.jpg/330px-The_Rep_from_Broad_Street%2C_Birmingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Rep_from_Broad_Street%2C_Birmingham.jpg/440px-The_Rep_from_Broad_Street%2C_Birmingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>The Rep in 2007, before rebuilding as part of the Library of Birmingham project removed the 1991 extension, which can be seen to the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1972, the Studio opened; it became an example of innovative theatre nationwide. It targeted young audiences and showcased new writing, including the world premiere of <i>Death Story</i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Edgar_(playwright)" title="David Edgar (playwright)">David Edgar</a>. In 1974, David Edgar was made resident playwright. Despite the success of <i>Oh Fair Jerusalem,</i> the Rep board decided against staging <i>Destiny</i> because of its strong theme of racial tension,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> putting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a></i> on instead. </p><p>The escalating maintenance costs of the new building in the inflationary 1970s put pressure on the Rep's funding: in 1974–75 maintenance accounted for 66% of the theatre's budget.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnbull200850_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnbull200850-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theatre began to make losses during the mid-1970s and the Board of Directors was restructured in an attempt to secure funding. </p><p>The Studio became popular during the 1980s and in 1988, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> temporarily relocated his <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Theatre_Company" title="Renaissance Theatre Company">Renaissance Theatre Company</a> to the Rep which gave Birmingham the opportunity to showcase plays by guest directors such as <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a>. </p><p>During the 1970s and 1980s the Studio was a regular home to the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Youth_Theatre" title="Birmingham Youth Theatre">Birmingham Youth Theatre</a>, a company which launched the careers of actors such as <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tiernan" title="Andrew Tiernan">Andrew Tiernan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lester" title="Adrian Lester">Adrian Lester</a>. </p><p>The theatre was refurbished and extended in 1991 after the completion of the <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_Centre,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="International Convention Centre, Birmingham">International Convention Centre</a>. However, the Rep began to stop making profits<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as the country was hit by recession. </p><p>In 1998 the company opened "The Door" as a second auditorium specialising in new writing, replacing the Studio. </p><p>In 2004 the company controversially cancelled a series of performances of <a href="/wiki/Gurpreet_Kaur_Bhatti" title="Gurpreet Kaur Bhatti">Gurpreet Kaur Bhatti</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Behzti" title="Behzti">Behzti</a></i> after protests from Birmingham's large <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the theatre's most notable productions is the stage version of <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Briggs" title="Raymond Briggs">Raymond Briggs</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snowman" title="The Snowman">The Snowman</a></i> which first premiered in 1993. It has since been presented at the Rep regularly at Christmas, as well at <a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Theatre" title="Sadler's Wells Theatre">Sadler's Wells</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peacock_Theatre" title="Peacock Theatre">Peacock Theatre</a>) and across the UK and the world. </p><p>Between 2011 and 2013, the theatre was closed for rebuilding, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Birmingham" title="Library of Birmingham">Library of Birmingham</a> complex. The company continued to perform from other local theatres during that time. </p><p>There are two <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaques</a> on the exterior of the building, one commemorating the pioneer of aseptic surgery, <a href="/wiki/Sampson_Gamgee" title="Sampson Gamgee">Sampson Gamgee</a>, who once lived on the site. </p><p>The Rep also has a youth theatre called "The Young Rep" which attend Saturday classes and produce and perform their own drama. Recently, the Young Rep have put on productions on the Main House Stage such as "<a href="/wiki/The_Rotters%27_Club_(novel)" title="The Rotters' Club (novel)">The Rotters Club</a>" and <a href="/wiki/E._R._Braithwaite" title="E. R. Braithwaite">E. R. Braithwaite</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/To_Sir_With_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="To Sir With Love">To Sir With Love</a>". <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kelly_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Kelly (writer)">Dennis Kelly</a>'s "DNA" was also performed by the Young Rep in the Studio Theatre in early 2018. </p><p>In the autumn of 2020, The Rep revealed that they would hire spaces to operate a Nightingale Court from December that year to until the summer of 2021 to secure its future in the face of closure due to the Covid-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This move divided opinion and was not received well by some artists, creatives and community leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceG_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_productions">Notable productions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Snowman" title="The Snowman">The Snowman</a></i> (1993 world premiere) based on the book by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Briggs" title="Raymond Briggs">Raymond Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Is_East_(play)" title="East Is East (play)"><i>East Is East</i></a> (1996 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_Din" title="Ayub Khan Din">Ayyb Khan-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_(play)" title="Frozen (play)"><i>Frozen</i></a> (1998 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Bryony_Lavery" title="Bryony Lavery">Bryony Lavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneehigh_Theatre" title="Kneehigh Theatre">Kneehigh Theatre</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brief_Encounter_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brief Encounter (play)"><i>Brief Encounter</i></a> (2007 world premiere) adapted and directed by <a href="/wiki/Emma_Rice" title="Emma Rice">Emma Rice</a>, based on the film by <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudy%27s_Rare_Records" title="Rudy's Rare Records">Rudy's Rare Records</a></i> (2014 world premiere) by Danny Robins, co-written and starring <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Henry" title="Lenny Henry">Lenny Henry</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> sitcom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(play)" title="The Exorcist (play)"><i>The Exorcist</i></a> (2016 UK premiere) by <a href="/wiki/John_Pielmeier" title="John Pielmeier">John Pielmeier</a>, based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/John_Pielmeier" title="John Pielmeier">John Pielmeier</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Shadows" title="What Shadows">What Shadows</a></i> (2016 world premiere) by Chris Hannon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_in_a_Name%3F_(play)" title="What's in a Name? (play)"><i>What's in a Name?</i></a> (2017 UK premiere) by Matthieu Delaporte and Alexandre de la Patellière, adapted and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Sams" title="Jeremy Sams">Jeremy Sams</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Love:_The_Bob_Marley_Musical" title="One Love: The Bob Marley Musical">One Love: The Bob Marley Musical</a></i> (2017 UK premiere) written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Kwei-Armah" title="Kwame Kwei-Armah">Kwame Kwei-Armah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity!_The_Musical" title="Nativity! The Musical">Nativity! The Musical</a></i> (2017 world premiere) written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Isitt" title="Debbie Isitt">Debbie Isitt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebus:_Long_Shadows" title="Rebus: Long Shadows">Rebus: Long Shadows</a></i> (2018 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Rankin" title="Ian Rankin">Ian Rankin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rona_Munro" title="Rona Munro">Rona Munro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lovely_Bones_(play)" title="The Lovely Bones (play)">The Lovely Bones</a></i> (2018 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Bryony_Lavery" title="Bryony Lavery">Bryony Lavery</a>, based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Sebold" title="Alice Sebold">Alice Sebold</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmond_de_Bergerac" title="Edmond de Bergerac">Edmond de Bergerac</a></i> (2019 UK premiere) by Alexis Michalik, adapted by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Sams" title="Jeremy Sams">Jeremy Sams</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_New_Pussycat%3F_(musical)" title="What's New Pussycat? (musical)">What's New Pussycat?</a></i> (2021 world premiere) featuring the songs of <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(singer)" title="Tom Jones (singer)">Tom Jones</a>, book by <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiPietro" title="Joe DiPietro">Joe DiPietro</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling" title="The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling">The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idiots_Assemble:_Spitting_Image_The_Musical" title="Idiots Assemble: Spitting Image The Musical">Idiots Assemble: Spitting Image Saves The World</a></i> (2023 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Al_Murray" title="Al Murray">Al Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Forde" title="Matt Forde">Matt Forde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Foley_(director)" title="Sean Foley (director)">Sean Foley</a>, based on the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_Old_Friends_Do_(play)" title="The Way Old Friends Do (play)"><i>The Way Old Friends Do</i></a> (2023 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hallard" title="Ian Hallard">Ian Hallard</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gatiss" title="Mark Gatiss">Mark Gatiss</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatra:_The_Musical" title="Sinatra: The Musical">Sinatra: The Musical</a></i> (2023 world premiere) written by <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiPietro" title="Joe DiPietro">Joe DiPietro</a>, directed and choreographed by <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Marshall" title="Kathleen Marshall">Kathleen Marshall</a>, based on the life and music of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_Nation" title="Bhangra Nation">Bhangra Nation</a></i> (2024 UK premiere), book by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lew_(playwright)" title="Michael Lew (playwright)">Mike Lew</a> and Rehana Lew Mirza, music and lyrics by Sam Willmott, directed by <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Arima" title="Stafford Arima">Stafford Arima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withnail_and_I_(play)" title="Withnail and I (play)"><i>Withnail and I</i></a> (2024 world premiere) by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Robinson" title="Bruce Robinson">Bruce Robinson</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Sean_Foley_(director)" title="Sean Foley (director)">Sean Foley</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Withnail_and_I" title="Withnail and I">1987 film</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_Nancy_(musical)" title="Becoming Nancy (musical)"><i>Becoming Nancy</i></a> (2024 UK premiere) book by Elliot Davis, music by <a href="/wiki/George_Stiles_(composer)" title="George Stiles (composer)">George Stiles</a> and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Drewe" title="Anthony Drewe">Anthony Drewe</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Mitchell" title="Jerry Mitchell">Jerry Mitchell</a>, based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Ronald" title="Terry Ronald">Terry Ronald</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCochrane2003" class="citation book cs1">Cochrane, Claire (2003). <i>The Birmingham Rep - A city's theatre 1962-2002</i>. Sir Barry Jackson Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0954571908" title="Special:BookSources/0954571908"><bdi>0954571908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birmingham+Rep+-+A+city%27s+theatre+1962-2002&rft.pub=Sir+Barry+Jackson+Trust&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0954571908&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConolly2002" class="citation book cs1">Conolly, Leonard W. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0ddLxMSuVUC&pg=PR11">"Introduction"</a>. In Conolly, Leonard W. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0ddLxMSuVUC"><i>Bernard Shaw and Barry Jackson</i></a>. Selected Correspondence of Bernard Shaw. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. xi–xxxvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802035728" title="Special:BookSources/0802035728"><bdi>0802035728</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Bernard+Shaw+and+Barry+Jackson&rft.place=Toronto&rft.series=Selected+Correspondence+of+Bernard+Shaw&rft.pages=xi-xxxvi&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0802035728&rft.aulast=Conolly&rft.aufirst=Leonard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX0ddLxMSuVUC%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowellJackson1984" class="citation book cs1">Rowell, George; Jackson, Tony (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jXymVyaXRkQC"><i>The Repertory Movement: A History of Regional Theatre in Britain</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521319196" title="Special:BookSources/0521319196"><bdi>0521319196</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Repertory+Movement%3A+A+History+of+Regional+Theatre+in+Britain&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0521319196&rft.aulast=Rowell&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjXymVyaXRkQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrewin1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._C._Trewin" title="J. C. Trewin">Trewin, J. C.</a> (1963). <i>The Birmingham Repertory Theatre 1913-1963</i>. London: Barrie and Rockliff. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/469519557">469519557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birmingham+Repertory+Theatre+1913-1963&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Barrie+and+Rockliff&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469519557&rft.aulast=Trewin&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2008" class="citation book cs1">Turnbull, Olivia (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bringingdownhous0000turn"><i>Bringing Down the House: The Crisis in Britain's Regional Theatres</i></a></span>. Bristol: Intellect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841502083" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841502083"><bdi>978-1841502083</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bringing+Down+the+House%3A+The+Crisis+in+Britain%27s+Regional+Theatres&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1841502083&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbringingdownhous0000turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECochrane20031-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochrane20031_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCochrane2003">Cochrane 2003</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECochrane2003cover-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECochrane2003cover_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCochrane2003">Cochrane 2003</a>, cover.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArtsCouncil-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArtsCouncil_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArtsCouncil_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140204222151/http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/funding/browse-regularly-funded-organisations/npo/birmingham-repertory-theatre-company/">"Birmingham Repertory Theatre Company"</a>. Arts Council England. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/funding/browse-regularly-funded-organisations/npo/birmingham-repertory-theatre-company/">the original</a> on 4 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Birmingham+Repertory+Theatre+Company&rft.pub=Arts+Council+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artscouncil.org.uk%2Ffunding%2Fbrowse-regularly-funded-organisations%2Fnpo%2Fbirmingham-repertory-theatre-company%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2004" class="citation book cs1">Gardner, Viv (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nBp67DPLZaEC&pg=PA74">"Provincial stages 1900-1934: touring and early repertory theatre"</a>. In Kershaw, Baz (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nBp67DPLZaEC&pg=PA74"><i>The Cambridge History of British Theatre</i></a>. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521651328" title="Special:BookSources/0521651328"><bdi>0521651328</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Provincial+stages+1900-1934%3A+touring+and+early+repertory+theatre&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+British+Theatre&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0521651328&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Viv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnBp67DPLZaEC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xiv–xv-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xiv–xv_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, pp. xiv–xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowellJackson1984">Rowell & Jackson 1984</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xv-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xv_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, p. xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroyan2010" class="citation book cs1">Troyan, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mnSgQXn9ZwcC&pg=PT20"><i>A Rose for Mrs. Miniver: The Life of Greer Garson</i></a>. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813137346" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813137346"><bdi>978-0813137346</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Rose+for+Mrs.+Miniver%3A+The+Life+of+Greer+Garson&rft.place=Lexington%2C+KY&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0813137346&rft.aulast=Troyan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmnSgQXn9ZwcC%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hampton-Reeves-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hampton-Reeves_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hampton-Reeves_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampton-Reeves2008" class="citation book cs1">Hampton-Reeves, Stuart (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZnoV-mfxmUC&pg=PA289">"Shakespeare, Henry VI and the Festival of Britain"</a>. In Hodgdon, Barbara; Worthen, W. B. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZnoV-mfxmUC"><i>A Companion to Shakespeare and Performance</i></a>. London: John Wiley & Sons. p. 289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405150231" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405150231"><bdi>978-1405150231</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%2C+Henry+VI+and+the+Festival+of+Britain&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Shakespeare+and+Performance&rft.place=London&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1405150231&rft.aulast=Hampton-Reeves&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdZnoV-mfxmUC%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xvii-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xvii_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198449–50-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198449–50_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowellJackson1984">Rowell & Jackson 1984</a>, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450–51-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198450–51_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowellJackson1984">Rowell & Jackson 1984</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xx–xxi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xx–xxi_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, pp. xx–xxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxi-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxi_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, p. xxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2001" class="citation book cs1">Holland, Peter (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u_TIJJDdDSoC&pg=PA202">"Shakespeare in the twentieth-century theatre"</a>. In De Grazia, Margreta; Wells, Stanley W. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u_TIJJDdDSoC"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521658810" title="Special:BookSources/0521658810"><bdi>0521658810</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shakespeare+in+the+twentieth-century+theatre&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Shakespeare&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0521658810&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du_TIJJDdDSoC%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevingtonKasten2009" class="citation book cs1">Bevington, David; Kasten, David Scott (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1k0z5DixXsIC&pg=PA204">"Cymbeline on Stage"</a>. In Bevington, David; Kasten, David Scott (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1k0z5DixXsIC"><i>The Late Romances</i></a>. New York: Random House. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307421838" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307421838"><bdi>978-0307421838</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cymbeline+on+Stage&rft.btitle=The+Late+Romances&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0307421838&rft.aulast=Bevington&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kasten%2C+David+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1k0z5DixXsIC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStyan1977" class="citation book cs1">Styan, J.L. (1977). <i>The Shakespeare Revolution</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052121193X" title="Special:BookSources/052121193X"><bdi>052121193X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shakespeare+Revolution&rft.pages=143-149&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=052121193X&rft.aulast=Styan&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowellJackson1984">Rowell & Jackson 1984</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane2011" class="citation book cs1">Cochrane, Claire (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fMtOarGzdxkC&pg=PA96"><i>Twentieth-Century British Theatre: Industry, Art and Empire</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1139502139" title="Special:BookSources/978-1139502139"><bdi>978-1139502139</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-Century+British+Theatre%3A+Industry%2C+Art+and+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1139502139&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfMtOarGzdxkC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456–57-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198456–57_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowellJackson1984">Rowell & Jackson 1984</a>, pp. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rokison-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rokison_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRokison2013" class="citation book cs1">Rokison, Abigail (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wRzwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67">"Laurence Olivier"</a>. In Jackson, Russell (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wRzwAAAAQBAJ"><i>Gielgud, Olivier, Ashcroft, Dench: Great Shakespeareans</i></a>. London: Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472515445" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472515445"><bdi>978-1472515445</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Laurence+Olivier&rft.btitle=Gielgud%2C+Olivier%2C+Ashcroft%2C+Dench%3A+Great+Shakespeareans&rft.place=London&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Arden+Shakespeare&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1472515445&rft.aulast=Rokison&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwRzwAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowellJackson198455_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowellJackson1984">Rowell & Jackson 1984</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnbull200819-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnbull200819_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2008">Turnbull 2008</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xix–xx-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xix–xx_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, pp. xix–xx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxii–xxiii-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxii–xxiii_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, pp. xxii–xxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiii_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, p. xxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnbull200820-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnbull200820_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2008">Turnbull 2008</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiv-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConolly2002xxiv_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConolly2002">Conolly 2002</a>, p. xxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrewin1963124-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrewin1963124_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrewin1963">Trewin 1963</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181807/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/ELibrary?E_LIBRARY_ID=59&a=1134944545704">"Shaping the 1970s: 1970s Architecture in Birmingham"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/ELibrary?E_LIBRARY_ID=59&a=1134944545704">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaping+the+1970s%3A+1970s+Architecture+in+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.gov.uk%2FELibrary%3FE_LIBRARY_ID%3D59%26a%3D1134944545704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite?c=Page&childpagename=Lib-Central-Information-Services%2FPageLayout&cid=1223092632795&pagename=BCC%2FCommon%2FWrapper%2FWrapper">"The Birmingham Repertory Theatre Archive 1971 - present"</a>. Birmingham City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Birmingham+Repertory+Theatre+Archive+1971+-+present&rft.pub=Birmingham+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.gov.uk%2Fcs%2FSatellite%3Fc%3DPage%26childpagename%3DLib-Central-Information-Services%252FPageLayout%26cid%3D1223092632795%26pagename%3DBCC%252FCommon%252FWrapper%252FWrapper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnbull200850-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnbull200850_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurnbull2008">Turnbull 2008</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_midlands/4107437.stm">"Theatre stormed in Sikh protest"</a>. <i>News.bbc.co.uk</i>. 19 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Theatre+stormed+in+Sikh+protest&rft.date=2004-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fwest_midlands%2F4107437.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214154153/https://www.birmingham-rep.co.uk/news/nightingale-court-at-the-rep.html">"Nightingale Court at the Rep - Birmingham Rep"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birmingham-rep.co.uk/news/nightingale-court-at-the-rep.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nightingale+Court+at+the+Rep+-+Birmingham+Rep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham-rep.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnightingale-court-at-the-rep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceG-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Sanderson" class="citation news cs1">David Sanderson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/black-artists-rebel-against-turning-theatre-into-nightingale-court-jbzkjplmf">"Black artists rebel against turning theatre into Nightingale court"</a>. <i>Thetimes.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thetimes.co.uk&rft.atitle=Black+artists+rebel+against+turning+theatre+into+Nightingale+court&rft.au=David+Sanderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fblack-artists-rebel-against-turning-theatre-into-nightingale-court-jbzkjplmf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55346836">"Theatre company pulls out of 'Black Joy' season over venue's court deal"</a>. <i>Bbc.co.uk</i>. 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Theatre+company+pulls+out+of+%27Black+Joy%27+season+over+venue%27s+court+deal&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-55346836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/dec/24/black-theatre-company-talawa-pulls-birmingham-rep-season-over-nightingale-court">"Black company pulls out of Birmingham theatre over Nightingale court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 24 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Black+company+pulls+out+of+Birmingham+theatre+over+Nightingale+court&rft.date=2020-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2020%2Fdec%2F24%2Fblack-theatre-company-talawa-pulls-birmingham-rep-season-over-nightingale-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/talawa-calls-off-birmingham-rep-partnership-after-venue-becomes-temporary-court">"Talawa calls off Birmingham Rep partnership after venue becomes temporary court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stage" title="The Stage">The Stage</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stage&rft.atitle=Talawa+calls+off+Birmingham+Rep+partnership+after+venue+becomes+temporary+court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestage.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftalawa-calls-off-birmingham-rep-partnership-after-venue-becomes-temporary-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talawa.com/articles/black-joy-update">"Black Joy Update"</a>. <i>Talawa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Talawa.com&rft.atitle=Black+Joy+Update&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talawa.com%2Farticles%2Fblack-joy-update&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Repertory+Theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham-rep.co.uk/">Birmingham Repertory Theatre Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613100637/http://ahds.ac.uk/performingarts/collections/birmingham-repertory.htm">Birmingham Repertory Theatre Archive Database</a>, a free online database covering Birmingham Repertory Theatre productions up to and including 1971.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/31-birmingham-repertory-theatre">Birmingham Repertory Theatre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Theatres_Trust" title="Theatres Trust">Theatres Trust</a> database</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.nypl.org/record=b15254417~S1">Papers regarding the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, 1917-1960</a>, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Birmingham&#124;link=Birmingham_Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" title="Template:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" title="Template talk:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Birmingham&#124;link=Birmingham_Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham"><img alt="Birmingham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></span> Buildings and structures in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Birmingham">Highrise</a><br />(in height order)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station" title="Sutton Coldfield transmitting station">Sutton Coldfield mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower,_Birmingham" title="BT Tower, Birmingham">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Holloway_Circus" title="10 Holloway Circus">10 Holloway Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain_Memorial_Clock_Tower" title="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower">Chamberlain Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Tower" title="Alpha Tower">Alpha Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Building" title="Orion Building">Orion Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sentinels" title="The Sentinels">Sentinels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda,_Birmingham" title="Rotunda, Birmingham">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103_Colmore_Row" title="103 Colmore Row">103 Colmore Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cube,_Birmingham" title="The Cube, Birmingham">The Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_Birmingham" title="Hyatt Regency Birmingham">Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_City_Tower,_Birmingham" title="Centre City Tower, Birmingham">Centre City Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowhill" title="Snowhill">Two Snowhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Snow_Hill_Plaza" title="One Snow Hill Plaza">One Snow Hill Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quayside_Tower" title="Quayside Tower">Quayside Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmore_Gate" title="Colmore Gate">Colmore Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_McLaren_Building" title="The McLaren Building">McLaren Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_House" title="Metropolitan House">Metropolitan House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_House" title="Edgbaston House">Edgbaston House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Colmore_Building" title="The Colmore Building">The Colmore Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurys_Inn_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurys Inn Birmingham">Jury's Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_House,_Birmingham" title="Lloyd House, Birmingham">Lloyd House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Library" title="Aston Library">Aston Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskerville_House" title="Baskerville House">Baskerville House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelhouse_Lane_police_station" title="Steelhouse Lane police station">Central Police Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_Clock" title="Chamberlain Clock">Chamberlain Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_Memorial" title="Chamberlain Memorial">Chamberlain Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_House,_Birmingham" title="Council House, Birmingham">Council House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Waterworks" title="Edgbaston Waterworks">Edgbaston Waterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyseley_Energy_from_Waste_Plant" title="Tyseley Energy from Waste Plant">Energy from Waste Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Memory,_Birmingham" title="Hall of Memory, Birmingham">Hall of Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Birmingham" title="Library of Birmingham">Library of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_and_Baths,_Balsall_Heath" title="Public Library and Baths, Balsall Heath">Moseley Road Baths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Baths_Committee" title="Birmingham Baths Committee">Other baths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Municipal_Bank_headquarters" title="Birmingham Municipal Bank headquarters">Municipal Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Town_Hall" title="Birmingham Town Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_Town_Hall" title="Sutton Coldfield Town Hall">Town Hall (Sutton Coldfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Wildlife_Conservation_Park" title="Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park">Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Moor_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham Moor Street railway station">Moor Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">New Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill_railway_station" title="Birmingham Snow Hill railway station">Snow Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Railway stations in Birmingham, West Midlands">Other stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_School_of_Art_building" title="Birmingham School of Art building">Birmingham School of Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College, Birmingham</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Birmingham Children's Hospital">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hospital,_Birmingham" title="City Hospital, Birmingham">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Hope_Hospital" title="Good Hope Hospital">Good Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Orthopaedic_Hospital" title="Royal Orthopaedic Hospital">Orthopaedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham" title="Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham">Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Birmingham Women's Hospital">Women's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Accident_Hospital" title="Birmingham Accident Hospital">Accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_General_Hospital" title="Birmingham General Hospital">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham_(1933%E2%80%932010)" title="Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (1933–2010)">Old Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak_Hospital" title="Selly Oak Hospital">Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witton_Isolation_Hospital" title="Witton Isolation Hospital">Witton Isolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Ascension,_Hall_Green" title="Church of the Ascension, Hall Green">Ascension, Hall Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Agatha%27s_Church,_Sparkbrook" title="St Agatha's Church, Sparkbrook">St Agatha, Sparkbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Agnes%27_Church,_Moseley" title="St Agnes' Church, Moseley">St Agnes, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Alban_the_Martyr,_Birmingham" title="St Alban the Martyr, Birmingham">St Alban, Highgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Andrew's Church, Handsworth">St Andrew, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Church,_Moseley" title="St Anne's Church, Moseley">St Anne, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Church,_Birmingham" title="St Anne's Church, Birmingham">St Anne, Digbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Church,_Edgbaston" title="St Augustine's Church, Edgbaston">St Augustine, Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Barnabas%27_Church,_Erdington" title="St Barnabas' Church, Erdington">St Barnabas, Erdington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Edgbaston" title="St Bartholomew's Church, Edgbaston">St Bartholomew, Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Benedict%27s_Church,_Bordesley" title="St Benedict's Church, Bordesley">St Benedict's, Bordesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Latimer_Memorial_Church,_Winson_Green" title="Bishop Latimer Memorial Church, Winson Green">Bishop Latimer, Winson Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine_of_Siena_Church,_Birmingham" title="St Catherine of Siena Church, Birmingham">St Catherine, Bristol Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Chad%27s_Cathedral,_Birmingham" title="St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham">St Chad's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cyprian%27s_Church,_Hay_Mills" title="St Cyprian's Church, Hay Mills">St Cyprian, Hay Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Church,_Shenley_Green" title="St David's Church, Shenley Green">St David, Shenley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edburgha%27s_Church,_Yardley" title="St Edburgha's Church, Yardley">St Edburgha, Yardley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Church,_Selly_Park,_Birmingham" title="St Edward's Church, Selly Park, Birmingham">St Edward, Selly Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdington_Abbey" title="Erdington Abbey">Erdington Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Faith_and_St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Harborne" title="St Faith and St Laurence's Church, Harborne">SS Faith & Laurence, Harborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_of_Assisi%27s_Church,_Bournville" title="St Francis of Assisi's Church, Bournville">St Francis, Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_of_Assisi_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Francis of Assisi Church, Handsworth">St Francis, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Gabriel%27s_Church,_Weoley_Castle" title="St Gabriel's Church, Weoley Castle">St Gabriel, Weoley Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Edgbaston" title="St George's Church, Edgbaston">St George, Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Church,_Sheldon" title="St Giles' Church, Sheldon">St Giles, Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_Chapel,_Handsworth_Cemetery" title="Mortuary Chapel, Handsworth Cemetery">Handsworth Cemetery Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Birchfield" title="Holy Trinity Church, Birchfield">Holy Trinity, Birchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_and_St_Luke" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity and St Luke">Holy Trinity & St Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Sutton_Coldfield" title="Holy Trinity Church, Sutton Coldfield">Holy Trinity, Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27_Church,_Handsworth" title="St James' Church, Handsworth">St James, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Church,_Ladywood" title="St John's Church, Ladywood">St John, Ladywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Evangelist%27s_Church,_Perry_Barr" title="St John the Evangelist's Church, Perry Barr">St John, Perry Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Church,_Sparkhill" title="St John's Church, Sparkhill">St John, Sparkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Northfield" title="St Laurence's Church, Northfield">St Laurence, Northfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Prince_Lazar,_Birmingham" title="Church of the Holy Prince Lazar, Birmingham">St Lazar, Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin_in_the_Bull_Ring" title="St Martin in the Bull Ring">St Martin, Bull Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Church,_Washwood_Heath" title="St Mark's Church, Washwood Heath">St Mark, Washwood Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Acocks_Green" title="St Mary the Virgin, Acocks Green">St Mary, Acocks Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Mary's Church, Handsworth">St Mary, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Moseley" title="St Mary's Church, Moseley">St Mary, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Selly_Oak" title="St Mary's Church, Selly Oak">St Mary, Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Convent,_Handsworth" title="St Mary's Convent, Handsworth">St Mary's Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Methodist Central Hall, Birmingham">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Church,_Bartley_Green" title="St Michael and All Angels' Church, Bartley Green">St Michael & All Angels, Bartley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Michael's Church, Handsworth">St Michael, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Catholic_Church,_Moor_Street" title="St Michael's Catholic Church, Moor Street">St Michael, Moor Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nicolas%27_Church,_Kings_Norton" title="St Nicolas' Church, Kings Norton">St Nicolas, Kings Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Oratory" title="Birmingham Oratory">Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Birmingham" title="St Paul's Church, Birmingham">St Paul, Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Lozells" title="St Paul's Church, Lozells">St Paul, Lozells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Harborne" title="St Peter's Church, Harborne">St Peter, Harborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_SS_Peter_%26_Paul,_Aston" title="Church of SS Peter & Paul, Aston">SS Peter & Paul, Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Philip%27s_Cathedral,_Birmingham" title="St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham">St Philip's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Silas%27_Church,_Lozells" title="St Silas' Church, Lozells">St Silas, Lozells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stechford_Baptist_Church" title="Stechford Baptist Church">Stechford Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Central_Mosque" title="Birmingham Central Mosque">Central Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Barakaat_Mosque" title="Darul Barakaat Mosque">Darul Barakaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghamkol_Shariff_Masjid" title="Ghamkol Shariff Masjid">Ghamkol Shariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lane_Masjid" title="Green Lane Masjid">Green Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_Masjid_and_Islamic_Centre_Birmingham" title="Jami Masjid and Islamic Centre Birmingham">Jami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Central_Synagogue" title="Birmingham Central Synagogue">Central Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singers_Hill_Synagogue" title="Singers Hill Synagogue">Singers Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sikh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Nishkam_Sevak_Jatha" title="Guru Nanak Nishkam Sevak Jatha">Guru Nanak, Handsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Geeta_Bhawan" title="Shree Geeta Bhawan">Shree Geeta Bhawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anchorage,_Birmingham" title="The Anchorage, Birmingham">Anchorage, The</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wray_Lighting_works" title="Christopher Wray Lighting works">Christopher Wray Lighting works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Hall" title="Edgbaston Hall">Edgbaston Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Endwood" title="The Endwood">The Endwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Hay Hall, Birmingham">Hay Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbury_Hall" title="Highbury Hall">Highbury Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moat_House,_Sutton_Coldfield" title="Moat House, Sutton Coldfield">Moat House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Hall" title="Moor Hall">Moor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moseley_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Moseley Hall, Birmingham">Moseley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hall_Manor" title="New Hall Manor">New Hall Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfield_Manor_House" title="Northfield Manor House">Northfield Manor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddimore_Hall" title="Peddimore Hall">Peddimore Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penns_Hall" title="Penns Hall">Penns Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pype_Hayes_Hall" title="Pype Hayes Hall">Pype Hayes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Hall" title="Sheldon Hall">Sheldon Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_House_(Birmingham)" title="Stratford House (Birmingham)">Stratford House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Botanic_Garden" title="Winterbourne Botanic Garden">Winterbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel,_Birmingham" title="Grand Hotel, Birmingham">Grand Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_Birmingham" title="Hyatt Regency Birmingham">Hyatt Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cube,_Birmingham" title="The Cube, Birmingham">Hotel Indigo (The Cube)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurys_Inn_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurys Inn Birmingham">Jurys Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Holloway_Circus" title="10 Holloway Circus">Radisson Blu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorts_World_Birmingham" title="Resorts World Birmingham">Resorts World Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hotels_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Hotels in Birmingham, West Midlands">Other hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_%26_Eve,_Birmingham" title="Adam & Eve, Birmingham">Adam & Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Inn,_Birmingham" title="Anchor Inn, Birmingham">Anchor Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Antelope,_Birmingham" title="The Antelope, Birmingham">Antelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bartons_Arms" title="The Bartons Arms">Bartons Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Horse,_Northfield" title="Black Horse, Northfield">Black Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhill_Tavern" title="Brookhill Tavern">Brookhill Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown,_Birmingham" title="The Crown, Birmingham">Crown</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_Inn,_Birmingham" title="The Crown Inn, Birmingham">Crown Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Cocks,_Moseley" title="Fighting Cocks, Moseley">Fighting Cocks, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_and_Grapes,_Birmingham" title="Fox and Grapes, Birmingham">Fox and Grapes</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Eagle,_Birmingham" title="Golden Eagle, Birmingham">Golden Eagle</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lad_in_the_Lane" title="Lad in the Lane">Lad in the Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Crown,_Birmingham" title="The Old Crown, Birmingham">Old Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Arms,_Birmingham" title="Queen's Arms, Birmingham">Queen's Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion,_Handsworth" title="Red Lion, Handsworth">Red Lion</a> (Handsworth; closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Woodman" title="The Woodman">Woodman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brindleyplace" title="Brindleyplace">Brindleyplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Ring,_Birmingham" title="Bull Ring, Birmingham">Bull Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends%27_Institute_buildings" title="Friends' Institute buildings">Friends' Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_Birmingham" title="ICC Birmingham">International Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central,_Birmingham" title="Grand Central, Birmingham">Grand Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge_plant" title="Longbridge plant">Longbridge plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Birmingham" title="Paradise, Birmingham">Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Shopping_Centre" title="Swan Shopping Centre">Swan Shopping Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Alexandra,_Birmingham" title="The Alexandra, Birmingham">The Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Odeon" title="Birmingham Odeon">Birmingham Odeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Theatre" title="Crescent Theatre">Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drum,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="The Drum, Birmingham">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Cinema,_Sutton_Coldfield" title="Empire Cinema, Sutton Coldfield">Empire Cinema, Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Hippodrome" title="Birmingham Hippodrome">Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac,_Birmingham" title="Mac, Birmingham">mac</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Cinema" title="Oak Cinema">Oak Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon,_Kingstanding" title="Odeon, Kingstanding">Odeon, Kingstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Rep" title="Old Rep">Old Rep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Cinema,_Birmingham" title="Piccadilly Cinema, Birmingham">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Symphony Hall, Birmingham">Symphony Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Hall" title="Aston Hall">Aston Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs" title="Birmingham Back to Backs">Back to Backs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery">Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blakesley_Hall" title="Blakesley Hall">Blakesley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hall_Mill" title="New Hall Mill">New Hall Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Brothers_Coffin_Furniture_Factory" title="Newman Brothers Coffin Furniture Factory">Newman Bros Coffin Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarehole_Mill" title="Sarehole Mill">Sarehole Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Manor" title="Selly Manor">Selly Manor</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Minworth_Greaves" title="Minworth Greaves">Minworth Greaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho_House" title="Soho House">Soho House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weoley_Castle_(house)" title="Weoley Castle (house)">Weoley Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stadium" title="Alexander Stadium">Alexander Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground" title="Edgbaston Cricket Ground">Edgbaston (cricket)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Priory_Club" title="Edgbaston Priory Club">Edgbaston Priory Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_(stadium)" title="St Andrew's (stadium)">St Andrew's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Park" title="Villa Park">Villa Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1%E2%80%937_Constitution_Hill,_Birmingham" title="1–7 Constitution Hill, Birmingham">1–7 Constitution Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_%26_19_Newhall_Street,_Birmingham" title="17 & 19 Newhall Street, Birmingham">17 & 19 Newhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Birmingham" title="Arena Birmingham">Arena Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Ashford_%26_Son_building" title="J. Ashford & Son building">Ashford & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Assay_Office" title="Birmingham Assay Office">Assay Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Banking_Company" title="Birmingham Banking Company">Birmingham Banking Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Crematorium" title="Birmingham Crematorium">Birmingham Crematorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromford_Viaduct" title="Bromford Viaduct">Bromford Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Pagoda">Chinese Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dunlop" title="Fort Dunlop">Fort Dunlop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Retort_House" title="Gas Retort House">Gas Retort House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Arcade" title="Great Western Arcade">Great Western Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holliday_Street_Aqueduct" title="Holliday Street Aqueduct">Holliday Street Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_Birmingham" title="ICC Birmingham">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Point,_Birmingham" title="Millennium Point, Birmingham">Millennium Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_Signal_Box" title="Birmingham New Street Signal Box">New Street Signal Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrott%27s_Folly" title="Perrott's Folly">Perrott's Folly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Bridge" title="Perry Bridge">Perry Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Birmingham" title="HM Prison Birmingham">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Proof_House" title="Birmingham Proof House">Proof House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringway_Centre" title="Ringway Centre">Ringway Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse,_Birmingham" title="Roundhouse, Birmingham">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saracen%27s_Head" title="Saracen's Head">Saracen's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges_Building,_Birmingham" title="Selfridges Building, Birmingham">Selfridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_House,_Birmingham" title="St James's House, Birmingham">St James's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square_House" title="Victoria Square House">Victoria Square House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Law_Courts" title="Victoria Law Courts">Victoria Law Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Works,_Birmingham" title="Victoria Works, Birmingham">Victoria Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodcock_Street_Baths" title="Woodcock Street Baths">Woodcock Street Baths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Hippodrome" title="Aston Hippodrome">Aston Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Manor_House" title="Birmingham Manor House">Birmingham Manor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_House,_Birmingham" title="Bishop's House, Birmingham">Bishop's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Ryder_Church,_Birmingham" title="Bishop Ryder Church, Birmingham">Bishop Ryder Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordesley_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Bordesley Hall, Birmingham">Bordesley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Goods_railway_station" title="Central Goods railway station">Central Goods railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Central_Library" title="Birmingham Central Library">Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Birmingham" title="Christ Church, Birmingham">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Messiah,_Birmingham" title="Church of the Messiah, Birmingham">Church of the Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crescent,_Birmingham" title="The Crescent, Birmingham">The Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exchange,_Birmingham" title="The Exchange, Birmingham">The Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_Tower" title="Five Ways Tower">Five Ways Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Hollies_Hall" title="Fox Hollies Hall">Fox Hollies Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathfield_Hall" title="Heathfield Hall">Heathfield Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfield,_Birmingham" title="Highfield, Birmingham">Highfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_House,_Birmingham" title="Island House, Birmingham">Island House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James_the_Less%27_Church,_Ashted" title="St James the Less' Church, Ashted">St James the Less' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Hall,_West_Midlands" title="Langley Hall, West Midlands">Langley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Market_Hall" title="Birmingham Market Hall">Market Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Whittall_Street,_Birmingham" title="St Mary's Church, Whittall Street, Birmingham">St Mary's, Whittall St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metchley_Fort" title="Metchley Fort">Metchley Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_and_Mail_building,_Birmingham" title="Post and Mail building, Birmingham">Post & Mail Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Office,_Birmingham" title="Public Office, Birmingham">Public Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Union_Workhouse" title="Birmingham Union Workhouse">Union Workhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Birmingham" title="Architecture of Birmingham">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Birmingham">Tallest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Birmingham_board_schools" title="List of Birmingham board schools">Board schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Birmingham" title="Listed buildings in Birmingham">Listed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Birmingham" title="Scheduled monuments in Birmingham">Scheduled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, West Midlands">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Template:Edinburgh Festival Fringe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Template talk:Edinburgh Festival Fringe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edinburgh Festival Fringe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_Society" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society">Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Big Four</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_(events_promoter)" title="Assembly (events promoter)">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Balloon" title="Gilded Balloon">Gilded Balloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasance_Theatre_Trust" title="Pleasance Theatre Trust">Pleasance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbelly_(events_promoter)" title="Underbelly (events promoter)">Underbelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Other Paid</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C venues</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenside_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenside Venues (page does not exist)">Greenside Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_the_Tonic" title="Just the Tonic">Just the Tonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Barrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkey Barrel">Monkey Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradise_Green_(events_promoter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradise Green (events promoter) (page does not exist)">Paradise Green</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PQA_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PQA Venues (page does not exist)">PQA Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TheSpaceUK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TheSpaceUK (page does not exist)">theSpaceUK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweet Venues (page does not exist)">Sweet Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoo_Venues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoo Venues (page does not exist)">Zoo Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_of_Fringe" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroes of Fringe">Heroes of Fringe</a> (PWYW)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Free</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Fringe" title="Free Fringe">Free Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Horse" title="Laughing Horse">Laughing Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Current</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_Society#Premises" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society">Fringe Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Tower" title="Appleton Tower">Fringe Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">Assembly George Square Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columba%27s-by-the-Castle" title="St Columba's-by-the-Castle">St Columba's-by-the-Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stand_Comedy_Club" title="The Stand Comedy Club">The Stand Comedy Club</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Town_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Town Theatre (page does not exist)">New Town Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Square_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="George Square Theatre">George Square Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Salisbury_Church" title="Mayfield Salisbury Church">Mayfield Salisbury Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_Theatre" title="Traverse Theatre">Traverse Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apex_Hotels" title="Apex Hotels">Sweet Grassmarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Over-Seas_League" title="Royal Over-Seas League">Royal Over-Seas League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_Rooms_(Edinburgh)" title="Assembly Rooms (Edinburgh)">Assembly Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Base" title="Dance Base">Dance Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potterrow_Student_Centre" title="Potterrow Student Centre">Pleasance Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerhall" title="Summerhall">Summerhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hope_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hope Gateway">John Hope Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox_House" title="John Knox House">John Knox House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Hall,_Edinburgh" title="King's Hall, Edinburgh">King's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Storytelling_Centre" title="Scottish Storytelling Centre">Scottish Storytelling Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cecilia%27s_Hall" title="St Cecilia's Hall">St Cecilia's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowgatehead" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowgatehead">Cowgatehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasance_Courtyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasance Courtyard">The Pleasance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_House" title="Adam House">Adam House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Hall_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland">Assembly Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruntsfield_Evangelical_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruntsfield Evangelical Church (page does not exist)">Bruntsfield Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Meeting_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker Meeting House">Quaker Meeting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Street_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Street Theatre">Hill Street Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symposium_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Symposium Hall">Symposium Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedlam_Theatre" title="Bedlam Theatre">Bedlam Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeons%27_Hall" title="Surgeons' Hall">Surgeons' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Playhouse" title="Edinburgh Playhouse">Edinburgh Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canongate_Kirk" title="Canongate Kirk">Canongate Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Roman_Catholic)#Cafe_Camino" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Roman Catholic)">Cafe Camino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voodoo_Rooms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voodoo Rooms (page does not exist)">Voodoo Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Hall,_Edinburgh" title="Queen's Hall, Edinburgh">Queen's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="Rose Theatre, Edinburgh">Rose Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Episcopal)" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)">St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Michael_and_All_Saints,_Edinburgh" title="Church of St Michael and All Saints, Edinburgh">St Michael and All Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_Community_Centre" title="Southside Community Centre">Southside Community Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Khalid_Building" title="King Khalid Building">Symposium Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Famous_Spiegeltent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Famous Spiegeltent">The Famous Spiegeltent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Vaults" title="Edinburgh Vaults">The Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wee_Red_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wee Red Bar">Wee Red Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Bride%27s_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Bride's Centre (page does not exist)">St Bride's Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_Roxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly Roxy">Assembly Roxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Previous</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Abbey" title="Dunfermline Abbey">Dunfermline Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Theatre_(Edinburgh)" title="Gateway Theatre (Edinburgh)">Gateway Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowbank_Stadium" title="Meadowbank Stadium">Meadowbank Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_Theatre,_Edinburgh" title="Palladium Theatre, Edinburgh">Palladium Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_People%27s_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh People's Theatre (page does not exist)">Edinburgh People's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Unity_Theatre" title="Glasgow Unity Theatre">Glasgow Unity Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Players" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim Players">Pilgrim Players</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Watch_(play)" title="Black Watch (play)">Black Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elvis_Dead" title="The Elvis Dead">The Elvis Dead</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fleabag" title="Fleabag">Fleabag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Springer:_The_Opera" title="Jerry Springer: The Opera">Jerry Springer: The Opera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanette_(show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanette (show)">Nanette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stomp_(theatrical_show)" title="Stomp (theatrical show)">Stomp</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Comedy_Awards" title="Edinburgh Comedy Awards">Edinburgh Comedy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_You_Think_You%27re_Funny%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="So You Think You're Funny?">So You Think You're Funny?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Hardee#The_Annual_Malcolm_Hardee_Awards_(2005–present)" title="Malcolm Hardee">Malcolm Hardee Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funniest_Joke_of_the_Fringe" title="Funniest Joke of the Fringe">Funniest Joke of the Fringe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Comedy_Guide" title="British Comedy Guide">British Comedy Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Baby" title="Broadway Baby">Broadway Baby</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chortle" title="Chortle">Chortle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fest_Magazine" title="Fest Magazine">Fest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fringe_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fringe Review (page does not exist)">Fringe Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_List_(magazine)" title="The List (magazine)">The List</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skinny_(magazine)" title="The Skinny (magazine)">The Skinny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stage" title="The Stage">The Stage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ThreeWeeks" title="ThreeWeeks">ThreeWeeks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wee_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Wee Review (page does not exist)">The Wee Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Alderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Alderson (page does not exist)">Anthony Alderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Bartlam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Bartlam (page does not exist)">Ed Bartlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chortle" title="Chortle">Steve Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burdett-Coutts_(promoter)" title="William Burdett-Coutts (promoter)">William Burdett-Coutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Copstick" title="Kate Copstick">Kate Copstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Demarco" title="Richard Demarco">Richard Demarco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kemp_(playwright)" title="Robert Kemp (playwright)">Robert Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Koren" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen Koren">Karen Koren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Richardson_(theatre_founder)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Richardson (theatre founder) (page does not exist)">Christopher Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Sheppard_(politician)" title="Tommy Sheppard (politician)">Tommy Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Wood_(events_promoter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlie Wood (events promoter) (page does not exist)">Charlie Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Slayer" title="Bob Slayer">Bob Slayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Square,_Edinburgh" title="George Square, Edinburgh">George Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fringe by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1947" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1948" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1949 (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1950 (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1951&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1951 (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1952&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1952 (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1953&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1953 (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1954&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1954 (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1955&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1955 (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1956 (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1957 (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1958 (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1959 (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1960 (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1961&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1961 (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1962 (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1963&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1963 (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1964 (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1965 (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1966 (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1967&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1967 (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1968 (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1969 (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1970 (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1971&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1971 (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1972&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1972 (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1973&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1973 (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1974&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1974 (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1975 (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1976&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1976 (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1977 (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1978 (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1979&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1979 (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1980 (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1981 (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1982 (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1983 (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1984 (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1985&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1985 (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1986 (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1987 (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1988 (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1989 (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1994 (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1996 (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1997&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1997 (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2001" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2002 (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2003" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2004 (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2005 (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2006" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2007 (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2008 (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2009 (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2010 (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2011 (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2012 (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2013 (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2014 (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2015 (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe_2016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2016 (page 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