CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Stata - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"817674be-570b-4608-b821-dae2e6f268d4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Stata","wgTitle":"Stata","wgCurRevisionId":1249088781,"wgRevisionId":1249088781,"wgArticleId":1809002,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","1985 software","Proprietary software programmed in C","Proprietary commercial software for Linux","Science software for Linux","Data mining and machine learning software","Statistical software","Statistical programming languages","Econometrics software","Time series software","Data warehousing", "Proprietary cross-platform software","Extract, transform, load tools","Mathematical optimization software","Numerical software"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Stata","wgRelevantArticleId":1809002,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1204300","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"}; RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stata18.png/1200px-Stata18.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="914"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stata18.png/800px-Stata18.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="609"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stata18.png/640px-Stata18.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="487"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Stata - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Stata rootpage-Stata skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Stata" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Stata" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Stata" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Stata" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_overview_and_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_overview_and_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Technical overview and terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_overview_and_terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical overview and terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_overview_and_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-User_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>User interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_structure_and_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_structure_and_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Data structure and storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_structure_and_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_format_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_format_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Data format compatibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_format_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Extensibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>User community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Software products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Example code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="استتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="स्टैटा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टैटा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سىتەتا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سىتەتا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stata" title="Stata – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Stata" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1204300#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stata" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Stata" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stata"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stata"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Stata" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Stata" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&oldid=1249088781" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Stata&id=1249088781&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStata"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStata"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Stata&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1204300" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Statistical software package</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Stada" class="mw-redirect" title="Stada">Stada</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ray_Stata" title="Ray Stata">Ray Stata</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Stata</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stata_logo_med_blue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Stata_logo_med_blue.png/120px-Stata_logo_med_blue.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Stata_logo_med_blue.png/180px-Stata_logo_med_blue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Stata_logo_med_blue.png/240px-Stata_logo_med_blue.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="125" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stata18.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stata18.png/220px-Stata18.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stata18.png/330px-Stata18.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stata18.png/440px-Stata18.png 2x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Stata 18 on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">William Gould<sup id="cite_ref-newton2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newton2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">StataCorp</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1985<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1985</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">18.0 / April 25, 2023<span class="noprint">; 18 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-04-25</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical analysis">Statistical analysis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">Numerical analysis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/">www<wbr />.stata<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stata</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">STAY</span>-ta</i></a>, alternatively <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, occasionally stylized as STATA<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a general-purpose <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistical</a> software package developed by StataCorp for data manipulation, visualization, statistics, and automated reporting. It is used by researchers in many fields, including <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">biomedicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stata was initially developed by Computing Resource Center in California and the first version was released in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, the company moved to <a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station, Texas</a> and was renamed Stata Corporation, now known as StataCorp.<sup id="cite_ref-newton2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newton2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major release in 2003 included a new graphics system and dialog boxes for all commands.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, a new version has been released once every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-versions_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versions-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current version is Stata 18, released in April 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_overview_and_terminology">Technical overview and terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technical overview and terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_interface">User interface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: User interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From its creation, Stata has always employed an integrated command-line interface. Starting with version 8.0, Stata has included a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> which uses <a href="/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)">menus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dialog_boxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialog boxes">dialog boxes</a> to give access to many built-in commands. The dataset can be viewed or edited in spreadsheet format. From version 11 on, other commands can be executed while the data browser or editor is opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_structure_and_storage">Data structure and storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Data structure and storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the release of version 16,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stata could only open a single <a href="/wiki/Dataset" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataset">dataset</a> at any one time. Stata allows for flexibility with assigning data types to data. Its <code>compress</code> command automatically reassigns data to data types that take up less memory without loss of information. Stata utilizes integer storage types which occupy only one or two bytes rather than four, and single-precision (4 bytes) rather than double-precision (8 bytes) is the default for <a href="/wiki/Floating-point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-point">floating-point</a> numbers. </p><p>Stata's data format is always <a href="/wiki/Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">tabular</a> in format. Stata refers to the columns of tabular data as variables. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_format_compatibility">Data format compatibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Data format compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stata can import data in a variety of formats. This includes <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> data formats (such as <a href="/wiki/Comma-separated_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Comma-separated value">CSV</a> or <a href="/wiki/Databank_format" title="Databank format">databank</a> formats) and spreadsheet formats (including various <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a> formats). </p><p>Stata's proprietary <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file formats</a> have changed over time, although not every Stata release includes a new dataset format. Every version of Stata can read all older dataset formats, and can write both the current and most recent previous dataset format, using the <code>saveold</code> command.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the current Stata release can always open datasets that were created with older versions, but older versions cannot read newer format datasets. </p><p>Stata can read and write SAS XPORT format datasets natively, using the <i>fdause</i> and <i>fdasave</i> commands. </p><p>Some other <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometric</a> applications, including <a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a>, can directly import Stata file formats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of Stata began in 1984, initially by William (Bill) Gould and later by Sean Becketti. The software was originally intended to compete with statistical programs for personal computers such as <a href="/wiki/SYSTAT_(statistics_package)" title="SYSTAT (statistics package)">SYSTAT</a> and <a href="/wiki/EViews" title="EViews">MicroTSP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stata was written, then as now, in the <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> programming language, initially for <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PCs</a> running the <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> operating system. The first version was released in 1985 with 44 commands.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible"> <caption class="nowrap">Commands in Stata 1.0 and Stata 1.1 </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>append </td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">dir </td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">infile </td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">plot </td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">spool </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>beep</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">do</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">input</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">query</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">summarize </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>by</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">drop</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">label</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">regress</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">tabulate </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>capture</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">erase</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">list</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">rename</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">test </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>confirm</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">exit</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">macro</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">replace</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">type </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>convert</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">expand</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">merge</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">run</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">use </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>correlate</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">format</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">modify</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">save</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>count</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">generate</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">more</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">set</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family:monospace;"> <td>describe</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">help</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">outfile</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;">sort</td> <td style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been 18 major releases of Stata between 1985 and 2024, and additional code and documentation updates between major releases.<sup id="cite_ref-versions_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versions-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early years, extra sets of Stata programs were sometimes sold as "kits" or distributed as Support Disks. With the release of Stata 6 in 1999, <code>update</code>s began to be delivered to users via the web.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial release of Stata was for the <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> operating system. Since then, versions of Stata have been released for systems running <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> variants like <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> distributions, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh operating systems">MacOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Stata files are platform-independent. </p><p>Hundreds of commands have been added to Stata in its 37-year history.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain developments have proved to be particularly important and continue to shape the <a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">user experience</a> today, including <a href="/wiki/Extensibility" title="Extensibility">extensibility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">platform independence</a>, and the active <a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">user community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extensibility">Extensibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Extensibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <code>program</code> command was implemented in Stata 1.2, giving users the ability to add their own commands.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ado-files followed in Stata 2.1, allowing a user-written program to be automatically loaded into memory. Many user-written ado-files are submitted to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistical_Software_Components_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistical Software Components Archive (page does not exist)">Statistical Software Components Archive</a> hosted by Boston College. StataCorp added an <code>ssc</code> command to allow community-contributed programs to be added directly within Stata.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent editions of Stata allow users to call Python scripts using commands, as well as allowing Python IDEs like Jupyter Notebooks to import Stata commands.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Stata does not support R natively, there are user-written extensions to use R scripts in Stata.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_community">User community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: User community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of important developments were initiated by Stata's active user community.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2005_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Stata Technical Bulletin</i>, which often contains user-created commands, was introduced in 1991 and issued six times a year. It was relaunched in 2001 as the peer-reviewed <i>Stata Journal</i>, a quarterly publication containing descriptions of community-contributed commands and tips for the effective use of Stata. In 1994, a listserv began as a hub for users to collaboratively solve coding and technical issues; in 2014, it was converted into a web forum. In 1995, Statacorp began organizing user and developer conferences that meet annually. Only the annual Stata Conference held in the United States is hosted by StataCorp. Other user group meetings are held annually in the United States (the Stata Conference), the UK, Germany, and Italy, and less frequently in several other countries. Local Stata distributors host User Group meetings in their own countries. </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <caption class="nowrap">Table: Releases and Development of Stata </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Version </th> <th scope="col">Release date </th> <th scope="col">Select new or enhanced features </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.0</td> <td>January 1985</td> <td> <ul><li>Initial release</li> <li>Forty-four commands</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.1</td> <td>February 1985</td> <td> <ul><li>Bug fixes</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2</td> <td>May 1985</td> <td> <ul><li>New menu system</li> <li>Better online help</li> <li><code>keep</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.3</td> <td>August 1985</td> <td> <ul><li>Stata/Graphics</li> <li><code>program</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.4</td> <td>August 1986</td> <td> <ul><li>New documentation</li> <li>Formatted <code>infile</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5</td> <td>February 1987</td> <td> <ul><li><code>anova</code></li> <li><code>logit</code>, <code>probit</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.0</td> <td>June 1988</td> <td> <ul><li>New graphics</li> <li>String variables</li> <li>Survival analysis: Cox and Kaplan-Meier</li> <li>Stepwise regression</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.1</td> <td>September 1990</td> <td> <ul><li>Byte variables</li> <li>Factor analysis</li> <li>ado-files</li> <li><code>reshape</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0</td> <td>March 1992</td> <td> <ul><li><code>logistic</code>, <code>ologit</code>, <code>oprobit</code>, <code>clogit</code>, <code>mlogit</code></li> <li><code>tobit</code>, <code>cnreg</code>, <code>rreg</code>, <code>qreg</code>, <code>weibull</code>, <code>ereg</code></li> <li><code>epitab</code></li> <li><code>pweights</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.1</td> <td>August 1993</td> <td> <ul><li><code>mvreg</code>, <code>sureg</code>, <code>heckman</code>, <code>nlreg</code>, <code>areg</code>, <code>canon</code></li> <li><code>nbreg</code></li> <li>constrained linear regression</li> <li><code>ml</code></li> <li><code>codebook</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0</td> <td>January 1995</td> <td> <ul><li><code>xtreg</code></li> <li><code>glm</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0</td> <td>October 1996</td> <td> <ul><li><code>xtgee</code>, <code>xtprobit</code></li> <li><code>prais</code>, <code>newey</code>, <code>intreg</code></li> <li>survey estimation commands</li> <li><code>fracpoly</code></li> <li><code>st</code> extended</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.0</td> <td>January 1999</td> <td> <ul><li>web aware</li> <li>new <code>ml</code></li> <li>time-series operators</li> <li><code>arima</code>, <code>arch</code></li> <li><code>st</code> rewritten</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.0</td> <td>December 2000</td> <td> <ul><li><code>frailty</code></li> <li><code>xtabond</code></li> <li>cluster analysis</li> <li><code>nlogit</code></li> <li><code>roc</code></li> <li>SMCL</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.0</td> <td>January 2003</td> <td> <ul><li>graphics</li> <li>extended GUI, dialog boxes available for all commands</li> <li><code>manova</code></li> <li>more survey</li> <li>more time series (VARs, SVARs)</li> <li>more GLLAMM internalization</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.1</td> <td>July 2003</td> <td> <ul><li>updated <code>ml</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.2</td> <td>October 2003</td> <td> <ul><li>graphics changes</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.0</td> <td>April 2005</td> <td> <ul><li>mata matrix programming language</li> <li>survey features</li> <li>linear mixed models</li> <li>multinominal probit models</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.1</td> <td>September 2005</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.2</td> <td>April 2006</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.0</td> <td>June 2007</td> <td> <ul><li>graph editor</li> <li>logistic and Poisson models with complex, nested error components</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.1</td> <td>August 2008</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.0</td> <td>July 2009</td> <td> <ul><li>factor variables</li> <li><code>margins</code> postestimation command</li> <li>multiple imputation</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.1</td> <td>June 2010</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.2</td> <td>March 2011</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.0</td> <td>July 2011</td> <td> <ul><li>automatic memory management</li> <li>structural equation modeling</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.1</td> <td>January 2012</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.0</td> <td>June 2013</td> <td> <ul><li>long strings</li> <li>treatment effects</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.1</td> <td>October 2013</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.0</td> <td>April 2015</td> <td> <ul><li>unicode support</li> <li>Bayesian statistical analysis</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.1</td> <td>October 2015</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.2</td> <td>September 2016</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.0</td> <td>June 2017</td> <td> <ul><li>latent class analysis</li> <li>PDF and Word documents</li> <li>color transparency or opacity in graphs</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.1</td> <td>November 2017</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.0</td> <td>June 2019</td> <td> <ul><li>frames (multiple datasets in memory)</li> <li>lasso regression</li> <li>automated reporting</li> <li>updated choice models</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.1</td> <td>February 2020</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17.0</td> <td>April 2021</td> <td> <ul><li>updated <code>tables</code> command</li> <li>bayesian econometrics</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18.0 </td> <td>April 2023 </td> <td> <ul><li>Bayesian model averaging</li> <li>causal mediation analysis</li> <li>heterogeneous difference-in-differences</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_products">Software products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Software products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four builds of Stata: Stata/MP, Stata/SE, Stata/BE, and Numerics by Stata.<sup id="cite_ref-statabuild_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statabuild-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas Stata/MP allows for built-in parallel processing of certain commands, Stata/SE and Stata/BE are <a href="/wiki/Bottleneck_(software)" title="Bottleneck (software)">bottlenecked</a> and limit usage to only one single core.<sup id="cite_ref-hbsparallel_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbsparallel-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stata/MP runs certain commands about 2.4 times faster, roughly 60% of theoretical maximum efficiency, when running parallel processes on four CPU cores compared to SE or BE versions.<sup id="cite_ref-hbsparallel_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbsparallel-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerics by Stata allows for web integration of Stata commands. </p><p>SE and BE versions differ in the amount of memory datasets may utilize. Though Stata/MP can store 10 to 20 billion observations and up to 120,000 variables, Stata/SE and Stata/BE store up to 2.14 billion observations and handle 32,767 variables and 2,048 variables respectively. The maximum number of independent variables in a model is 65,532 variables in Stata/MP, 10,998 variables in Stata/SE, and 798 variables in Stata/BE.<sup id="cite_ref-statabuild_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statabuild-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pricing and licensing of Stata depends on its intended use: business, government/nonprofit, education, or student. Single user licenses are either renewable annually or perpetual. Other license types include a single license for use by concurrent users, a site license, volume single user for bulk pricing, or a student lab.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_code">Example code</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Example code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following set of commands revolve around simple data management.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-stata mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">sysuse</span> auto <span class="c1">// Open the included auto dataset</span> <span class="k">browse</span> <span class="c1">// Browse the dataset (opens the Data Editor window)</span> <span class="k">describe</span> <span class="c1">// Describes the dataset and associated variables</span> <span class="k">summarize</span> <span class="c1">// Summary information about numerical variables</span> <span class="k">codebook</span> make foreign <span class="c1">// Summary information about the make (string) and foreign (numeric) variables</span> <span class="k">browse if</span> <span class="nf">missing</span>(rep78) <span class="c1">// Browse only observations with missing data for variable rep78</span> <span class="k">list</span> make<span class="k"> if</span> <span class="nf">missing</span>(rep78) <span class="c1">// List makes of the cars with missing data for variable rep78</span> </pre></div> <p>The next set of commands move onto descriptive statistics. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-stata mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">summarize</span> price, detail <span class="c1">// Detailed summary statistics for variable price</span> <span class="k">tabulate</span> foreign <span class="c1">// One-way frequency table for variable foreign</span> <span class="k">tabulate</span> rep78 foreign, row <span class="c1">// Two-way frequency table for variables rep78 and foreign</span> <span class="k">summarize</span> mpg<span class="k"> if</span> foreign <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">1</span> <span class="c1">// Summary information about mpg if the car is foreign (the "==" sign tests for equality)</span> <span class="k">by</span> foreign,<span class="k"> sort</span>:<span class="k"> summarize</span> mpg <span class="c1">// As above, but using the "by" prefix.</span> <span class="k">tabulate</span> foreign,<span class="k"> summarize</span>(mpg) <span class="c1">// As above, but using the tabulate command.</span> </pre></div> <p>A simple hypothesis test: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-stata mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ttest</span> mpg,<span class="k"> by</span>(foreign) <span class="c1">// T-test for difference in means for domestic vs. foreign cars</span> </pre></div> <p>Graphing data: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-stata mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">twoway</span> (scatter mpg weight) <span class="c1">// Scatter plot showing relationship between mpg and weight</span> <span class="k">twoway</span> (scatter mpg weight),<span class="k"> by</span>(foreign,<span class="k"> total</span>) <span class="c1">// Three graphs for domestic, foreign, and all cars</span> </pre></div> <p>Linear regression: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-stata mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">generate</span> wtsq = weight<span class="o">^</span><span class="m">2</span> <span class="c1">// Create a new variable for weight squared</span> <span class="k">regress</span> mpg weight wtsq foreign,<span class="k"> vce</span>(robust) <span class="c1">// Linear regression of mpg on weight, wtsq, and foreign</span> <span class="k">predict</span> mpghat <span class="c1">// Create a new variable contained the predicted values of mpg</span> <span class="k">twoway</span> (scatter mpg weight) (line mpghat weight,<span class="k"> sort</span>),<span class="k"> by</span>(foreign) <span class="c1">// Graph data and fitted line</span> </pre></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png/220px-Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png/330px-Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png/440px-Regression_graphs_from_auto_dataset_in_Stata_17.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Regression graphs from auto dataset in Stata 17</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statistical_packages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statistical packages">List of statistical packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_statistical_packages" title="Comparison of statistical packages">Comparison of statistical packages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_analysis" title="Data analysis">Data analysis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-newton2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newton2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newton2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNewton2005" class="citation journal cs1">Newton, H. Joseph (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1536867X0500500103">"A conversation with William Gould"</a>. <i>The Stata Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 19–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1536867X0500500103">10.1177/1536867X0500500103</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118322998">118322998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stata+Journal&rft.atitle=A+conversation+with+William+Gould&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-31&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1536867X0500500103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118322998%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=H.+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1536867X0500500103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox" class="citation web cs1">Cox, Nicholas J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statalist.org/forums/help#spelling">"Statalist FAQ"</a>. <i>Statalist: The Stata Forum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statalist%3A+The+Stata+Forum&rft.atitle=Statalist+FAQ&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statalist.org%2Fforums%2Fhelp%23spelling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iuj.ac.jp/faculty/kucc625/documents/DM1.pdf">"STATA Data Manipulation: Basics and Applications 7"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iuj.ac.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iuj.ac.jp&rft.atitle=STATA+Data+Manipulation%3A+Basics+and+Applications+7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iuj.ac.jp%2Ffaculty%2Fkucc625%2Fdocuments%2FDM1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuárezPérezNoguerasMoreno-Gorrín2016" class="citation book cs1">Suárez, Erick; Pérez, Cynthia; Nogueras, Graciela; Moreno-Gorrín, Camille (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/bookstore/biostatistics-in-public-health-using-stata/"><i>biostatistics-in-public-health-using-stata</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=biostatistics-in-public-health-using-stata&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Su%C3%A1rez&rft.aufirst=Erick&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez%2C+Cynthia&rft.au=Nogueras%2C+Graciela&rft.au=Moreno-Gorr%C3%ADn%2C+Camille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fbookstore%2Fbiostatistics-in-public-health-using-stata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/disciplines/">"Disciplines"</a>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=Disciplines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fdisciplines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cox2005-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cox2005_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, Nicholas J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1536867X0500500102">"A brief history of Stata on its 20th anniversary"</a>. <i>The Stata Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 2–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1536867X0500500102">10.1177/1536867X0500500102</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118366843">118366843</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stata+Journal&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+Stata+on+its+20th+anniversary&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-18&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1536867X0500500102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118366843%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1536867X0500500102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-versions-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-versions_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versions_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGouldCox" class="citation web cs1">Gould, William W.; Cox, Nicholas J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/support/faqs/resources/history-of-stata/">"When was Stata first released? When were later versions released?"</a>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=When+was+Stata+first+released%3F+When+were+later+versions+released%3F&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft.au=Cox%2C+Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fsupport%2Ffaqs%2Fresources%2Fhistory-of-stata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/new-in-stata/">"What's new in Stata?"</a>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i>. StataCorp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+Stata%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fnew-in-stata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/new-in-stata/multiple-datasets-in-memory/">"Data frames: multiple datasets in memory"</a>. <i>Stata.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata.com&rft.atitle=Data+frames%3A+multiple+datasets+in+memory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fnew-in-stata%2Fmultiple-datasets-in-memory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/help.cgi?save">"Stata 16 help for save"</a>. <i>Stata.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata.com&rft.atitle=Stata+16+help+for+save&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fhelp.cgi%3Fsave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/manuals/icombinedsubjecttableofcontents.pdf"><i>Stata Glossary and Index: Release 17</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. College Station, TX: Stata Press. pp. 1–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59718-283-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59718-283-4"><bdi>1-59718-283-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stata+Glossary+and+Index%3A+Release+17&rft.place=College+Station%2C+TX&rft.pages=1-50&rft.pub=Stata+Press&rft.isbn=1-59718-283-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fmanuals%2Ficombinedsubjecttableofcontents.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/features/">"Stata features"</a>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i>. StataCorp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=Stata+features&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Ffeatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/manuals/pprogram.pdf">"program - Define and manipulate programs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i>. Stata Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=program+-+Define+and+manipulate+programs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fmanuals%2Fpprogram.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/manuals/rssc.pdf">"ssc - Install and uninstall packages from SSC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i>. Stata Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=ssc+-+Install+and+uninstall+packages+from+SSC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fmanuals%2Frssc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/python/">"Use Python and Stata together | Stata"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Use+Python+and+Stata+together+%7C+Stata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fpython%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsolt.org/blog/2018/08/15/switch-to-r.html">"How to Switch Your Workflow from Stata to R, One Bit at a Time · Frederick Solt"</a>. <i>Fsolt.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fsolt.org&rft.atitle=How+to+Switch+Your+Workflow+from+Stata+to+R%2C+One+Bit+at+a+Time+%C2%B7+Frederick+Solt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsolt.org%2Fblog%2F2018%2F08%2F15%2Fswitch-to-r.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statabuild-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statabuild_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statabuild_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/products/which-stata-is-right-for-me/">"Which Stata is right for me?"</a>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=Which+Stata+is+right+for+me%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fproducts%2Fwhich-stata-is-right-for-me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hbsparallel-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hbsparallel_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hbsparallel_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grid.rcs.hbs.org/parallel-stata">"Parallel Stata"</a>. Harvard Business School.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parallel+Stata&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrid.rcs.hbs.org%2Fparallel-stata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/order/dl/">"Order Stata software"</a>. <i>Stata: Software for Statistics and Data Science</i>. StataCorp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stata%3A+Software+for+Statistics+and+Data+Science&rft.atitle=Order+Stata+software&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Forder%2Fdl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/manuals/gsw.pdf"><i>Getting Started with Stata for Windows</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Release 17 ed.). College Station, TX: Stata Press. pp. 1–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59718-334-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-59718-334-2"><bdi>1-59718-334-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Started+with+Stata+for+Windows&rft.place=College+Station%2C+TX&rft.pages=1-19&rft.edition=Release+17&rft.pub=Stata+Press&rft.isbn=1-59718-334-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stata.com%2Fmanuals%2Fgsw.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBittmann2019" class="citation book cs1">Bittmann, Felix (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGOMDwAAQBAJ&q=stata+bittmann&pg=PP1"><i>Stata - A Really Short Introduction</i></a>. Boston: DeGruyter Oldenbourg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11061-729-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11061-729-0"><bdi>978-3-11061-729-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stata+-+A+Really+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=DeGruyter+Oldenbourg&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-11061-729-0&rft.aulast=Bittmann&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnGOMDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dstata%2Bbittmann%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinzon2015" class="citation book cs1">Pinzon, Enrique, ed. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9ARswEACAAJ"><i>Thirty Years with Stata: A Retrospective</i></a>. College Station, Texas: Stata Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59718-172-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59718-172-3"><bdi>978-1-59718-172-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thirty+Years+with+Stata%3A+A+Retrospective&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Stata+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-59718-172-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-9ARswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2013" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Lawrence C. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUELAAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1"><i>Statistics with STATA</i></a>. Boston: Cengage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-84006-463-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-84006-463-9"><bdi>978-0-84006-463-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistics+with+STATA&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Cengage&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-84006-463-9&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUELAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStata" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stata&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Stata</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Stata" class="extiw" title="c:category:Stata">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Stata" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Stata">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204300" class="extiw" title="d:Q1204300">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stata-journal.com/">Stata Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stata-press.com/">Stata Press</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stata.com/products/stb/">Stata Technical Bulletin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repec.org/bocode/s/sscsubmit.html">Statistical Software Components Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statistical_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Statistical_software" title="Template:Statistical software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Statistical_software" title="Template talk:Statistical software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Statistical_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Statistical software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statistical_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_statistical_software" title="List of statistical software">Statistical software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public-domain_software" title="Public-domain software">Public domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dataplot" title="Dataplot">Dataplot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_Info" title="Epi Info">Epi Info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSPro" title="CSPro">CSPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-12-ARIMA" class="mw-redirect" title="X-12-ARIMA">X-12-ARIMA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADMB" title="ADMB">ADMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAP_(software)" title="DAP (software)">DAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamovi" title="Jamovi">jamovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASP" title="JASP">JASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_another_Gibbs_sampler" title="Just another Gibbs sampler">JAGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMulTi" title="JMulTi">JMulTi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Jupyter" title="Project Jupyter">Jupyter</a> (<i>Ju</i>lia, <i>Py</i>thon, <i>R</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">GNU Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBUGS" title="OpenBUGS">OpenBUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(software)" title="Orange (software)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSPP" title="PSPP">PSPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> (statsmodels, <a href="/wiki/PyMC3" class="mw-redirect" title="PyMC3">PyMC3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPython" title="IPython">IPython</a>, <a href="/wiki/IDLE" title="IDLE">IDLE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a> (<a href="/wiki/RStudio" title="RStudio">RStudio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageMath" title="SageMath">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SimFiT" title="SimFiT">SimFiT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOFA_Statistics" title="SOFA Statistics">SOFA Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_(software)" title="Stan (software)">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLispStat" title="XLispStat">XLispStat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BV4.1_(software)" title="BV4.1 (software)">BV4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CumFreq" title="CumFreq">CumFreq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SegReg" title="SegReg">SegReg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XploRe" title="XploRe">XploRe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinBUGS" title="WinBUGS">WinBUGS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_Desk" title="Data Desk">Data Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAUSS_(software)" title="GAUSS (software)">GAUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphPad_InStat" class="mw-redirect" title="GraphPad InStat">GraphPad InStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphPad_Prism" class="mw-redirect" title="GraphPad Prism">GraphPad Prism</a></li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a> Statistics</li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/SPSS_Modeler" title="SPSS Modeler">SPSS Modeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMP_(statistical_software)" title="JMP (statistical software)">JMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcad" title="Mathcad">Mathcad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Mathematica" title="Wolfram Mathematica">Mathematica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OxMetrics" title="OxMetrics">OxMetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RATS_(software)" title="RATS (software)">RATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_(software)" title="SAS (software)">SAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartPLS" title="SmartPLS">SmartPLS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatView" title="StatView">StatView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDAAN" title="SUDAAN">SUDAAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-PLUS" title="S-PLUS">S-PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSP_(econometrics_software)" title="TSP (econometrics software)">TSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Programming_System" title="World Programming System">World Programming System</a> (WPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMDP" title="BMDP">BMDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EViews" title="EViews">EViews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genstat" title="Genstat">GenStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIMDEP" title="LIMDEP">LIMDEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISREL" title="LISREL">LISREL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedCalc" title="MedCalc">MedCalc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfit" title="Microfit">Microfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minitab" title="Minitab">Minitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLwiN" title="MLwiN">MLwiN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCSS_(statistical_software)" title="NCSS (statistical software)">NCSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHAZAM_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHAZAM (software)">SHAZAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigmaStat" title="SigmaStat">SigmaStat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistica" title="Statistica">Statistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatsDirect" title="StatsDirect">StatsDirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StatXact" title="StatXact">StatXact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYSTAT_(statistics_package)" title="SYSTAT (statistics package)">SYSTAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unscrambler" title="The Unscrambler">The Unscrambler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unistat (page does not exist)">UNISTAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a> add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analyse-it" title="Analyse-it">Analyse-it</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unistat (page does not exist)">UNISTAT</a> for Excel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLfit" title="XLfit">XLfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RExcel" title="RExcel">RExcel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Statistical_software" title="Category:Statistical software">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_statistical_packages" title="Comparison of statistical packages">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204300#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stata (software)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph799925&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stata&oldid=1249088781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stata&oldid=1249088781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1985_software" title="Category:1985 software">1985 software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proprietary_software_programmed_in_C" title="Category:Proprietary software programmed in C">Proprietary software programmed in C</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proprietary_commercial_software_for_Linux" title="Category:Proprietary commercial software for Linux">Proprietary commercial software for Linux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_software_for_Linux" title="Category:Science software for Linux">Science software for Linux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Data_mining_and_machine_learning_software" title="Category:Data mining and machine learning software">Data mining and machine learning software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Statistical_software" title="Category:Statistical software">Statistical software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Statistical_programming_languages" title="Category:Statistical programming languages">Statistical programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Econometrics_software" title="Category:Econometrics software">Econometrics software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Time_series_software" title="Category:Time series software">Time series software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Data_warehousing" title="Category:Data warehousing">Data warehousing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proprietary_cross-platform_software" title="Category:Proprietary cross-platform software">Proprietary cross-platform software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extract,_transform,_load_tools" title="Category:Extract, transform, load tools">Extract, transform, load tools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mathematical_optimization_software" title="Category:Mathematical optimization software">Mathematical optimization software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Numerical_software" title="Category:Numerical software">Numerical software</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 October 2024, at 02:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stata&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h2npf","wgBackendResponseTime":119,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.610","walltime":"0.805","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2510,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":69066,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2461,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":98490,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 703.598 1 -total"," 29.95% 210.762 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.55% 144.590 2 Template:Infobox"," 14.41% 101.363 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.17% 99.695 1 Template:Infobox_software"," 14.06% 98.900 2 Template:Cite_journal"," 13.88% 97.687 1 Template:Statistical_software"," 13.81% 97.189 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.78% 54.767 15 Template:Cite_web"," 7.74% 54.481 1 Template:Infobox_software/simple"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.388","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6556394,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r8l5s","timestamp":"20241124064928","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Stata","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stata","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1204300","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1204300","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-28T04:19:18Z","dateModified":"2024-10-03T02:54:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c8\/Stata18.png","headline":"statistical software package"}</script> </body> </html>