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skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Ploma" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Ploma" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Ploma" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Ploma" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Classificació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Classificació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funcions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funcions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Funcions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funcions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ús_humà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ús_humà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ús humà</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ús_humà-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Ús humà</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ús_humà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utilitari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilitari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Utilitari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilitari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religió_i_cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religió_i_cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religió i cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religió_i_cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ploma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 100 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_(vo%C3%ABl)" title="Veer (voël) - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veer (voël)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="ريش (تشريح) - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريش (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܐܒܪܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܒܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluma" title="Pluma - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pluma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikon" title="Mikon - atacama" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Mikon" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atacama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuyu" title="Phuyu - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phuyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%84%DA%A9" title="یئلک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئلک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonksna" title="Plonksna - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Plonksna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balukag" title="Balukag - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Balukag" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Пяро - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пяро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Пяро - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пяро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Перо - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95" title="পালক - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পালক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu" title="Plu - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perje" title="Perje - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95" title="پەڕ - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero" title="Pero - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pero" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Тĕк - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluen" title="Pluen - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pluen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjer" title="Fjer - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fjer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94bigu" title="Kɔbigu - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kɔbigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feder" title="Feder - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muye" title="Muye - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Muye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feather" title="Feather - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Feather" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumo" title="Plumo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluma" title="Pluma - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pluma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulg" title="Sulg - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sulg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luma" title="Luma - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="پر - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6yhen" title="Höyhen - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Höyhen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plume" title="Plume - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plume" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploma" title="Ploma - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ploma" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_(f%C3%BBgel)" title="Fear (fûgel) - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fear (fûgel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleite" title="Cleite - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cleite" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ite" title="Ite - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ite" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluma" title="Pluma - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pluma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AD-m%C3%B4" title="Yí-mô - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yí-mô" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94" title="נוצה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוצה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96" title="पंख - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पंख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perje" title="Perje - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plim" title="Plim - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plim" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll" title="Toll - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Toll" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Փետուր - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փետուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu" title="Bulu - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumo" title="Plumo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6%C3%B0ur" title="Fjöður - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjöður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B" title="羽毛 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="羽毛" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulu" title="Wulu - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wulu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბუმბული - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუმბული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afraw" title="Afraw - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afraw" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қауырсындар - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қауырсындар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗರಿ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B9%83%ED%84%B8" title="깃털 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="깃털" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penna" title="Penna - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Penna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieder" title="Fieder - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fieder" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunksna" title="Plunksna - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plunksna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalva" title="Spalva - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spalva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Пердув - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пердув" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BD" title="തൂവൽ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൂവൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Пын - mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Пын" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu_pelepah" title="Bulu pelepah - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bulu pelepah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ငှက်မွေး - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငှက်မွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedder_(Biologie)" title="Fedder (Biologie) - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fedder (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%96" title="प्वाँख - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्वाँख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_(vogel)" title="Veer (vogel) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veer (vogel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B8r" title="Fjør - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fjør" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%A6r" title="Fjær - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fjær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluma" title="Pluma - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pluma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AD" title="ਖੰਭ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੰਭ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B3ro" title="Pióro - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pióro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%BE%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="پھنگھ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پھنگھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pena" title="Pena - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuru" title="Phuru - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Phuru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C4%83" title="Pană - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pean%C3%A2" title="Peanâ - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Peanâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Перо - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%80" title="کنڀ - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کنڀ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perje" title="Perje - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feather" title="Feather - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Feather" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perie" title="Perie - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero" title="Pero - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhenga" title="Manhenga - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Manhenga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupla" title="Pupla - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pupla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Перје - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%A4der_(biologi)" title="Fjäder (biologi) - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fjäder (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyoya" title="Unyoya - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Unyoya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="இறகு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இறகு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%95" title="ఈక - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఈక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCy" title="Tüy - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tüy" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Пташине перо - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пташине перо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="پر - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat" title="Pat - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ng_v%C5%A9" title="Lông vũ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lông vũ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plome" title="Plome - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Plome" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barahibu" title="Barahibu - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Barahibu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B" title="羽毛 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="羽毛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ბურდღა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბურდღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B" title="羽毛 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羽毛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%A1u-mn%CC%82g" title="Chiáu-mn̂g - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiáu-mn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%AF%9B" title="羽毛 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羽毛" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81025#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ploma" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Aquest article tracta sobre la part del cos dels ocells. Vegeu-ne altres significats a «<a href="/wiki/Ploma_(desambiguaci%C3%B3)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ploma (desambiguació)">Ploma (desambiguació)</a>». </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg/220px-A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg/330px-A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg/440px-A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Una <b>ploma</b></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ploma_colom._0122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ploma_colom._0122.jpg/220px-Ploma_colom._0122.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ploma_colom._0122.jpg/330px-Ploma_colom._0122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ploma_colom._0122.jpg/440px-Ploma_colom._0122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Ploma cobertora terciària d'un <a href="/wiki/Colom_(ocell)" title="Colom (ocell)">colom</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Les <b>plomes</b> són estructures <a href="/wiki/Queratina" class="mw-redirect" title="Queratina">queratinoses</a> de la pell dels <a href="/wiki/Ocells" title="Ocells">ocells</a> i altres dinosaures <a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%B2podes" title="Teròpodes">teròpodes</a>. Són les estructures <a href="/wiki/Sistema_tegumentari" title="Sistema tegumentari">tegumentàries</a> més complexes que es troben en <a href="/wiki/Vertebrats" title="Vertebrats">els vertebrats</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Prum2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prum2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i un exemple de novetat evolutiva complexa.<sup id="cite_ref-Prum1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Són fonamentals per al <a href="/wiki/Vol" title="Vol">vol</a>, atès que formen la superfície <a href="/wiki/Sustentaci%C3%B3" title="Sustentació">sustentadora</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Ala" title="Ala">ala</a>. El <a href="/wiki/Plomatge" title="Plomatge">plomatge</a> forma una capa densa, aïllant, que protegeix l'animal contra l'aigua i el fred, però també tenen altres funcions relacionades amb el seu color i la seva vistositat,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> com ara el reconeixement entre els membres de la mateixa <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cie" title="Espècie">espècie</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Camuflatge" title="Camuflatge">camuflatge</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferenciaci%C3%B3_de_sexes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferenciació de sexes (encara no existeix)">diferenciació de sexes</a> i la cerca de <a href="/wiki/Parella" title="Parella">parella</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per complir amb èxit la seva funció, les plomes tenen un disseny especial, amb un canó central que les fa alhora resistents i flexibles, guarnit a banda i banda amb tot de filaments molt prims que són les barbes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les barbes pesen molt poc i s'enganxen entre elles amb tot de ganxos diminuts fins a formar una superfície molt lleugera, però, en canvi, molt resistent. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificació"><span id="Classificaci.C3.B3"></span>Classificació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Classificació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existeixen diferents tipus de plomes:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Penna</b>: són les plomes més grosses dels ocells i estan situades en les extremitats de les ales i a la punta de la <a href="/wiki/Cua_(anatomia)" title="Cua (anatomia)">cua</a>. La seva funció principal és dirigir el vol.</li> <li><b>Plomissol</b> o <b>plomissó</b>: plomes petites dels ocellets de <a href="/wiki/Niu" title="Niu">niu</a>; plomes petites i finíssimes que tenen els ocells sota les plomes grans. Treballa com un <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFllant_t%C3%A8rmic" title="Aïllant tèrmic">isolant tèrmic</a> i és molt més abundant en els <a href="/wiki/Pollet" title="Pollet">pollets</a> que han mester de mantenir al màxim l'escalfor que crea el seu cos. La <i>pelussa</i> o <i>fluixell</i> són les plometes naixents dels ocells.</li> <li><b>Cobertora</b>: recobreixen i protegeixen tot el cos.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funcions">Funcions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Funcions"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:GuineaFeather.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GuineaFeather.jpg/220px-GuineaFeather.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GuineaFeather.jpg/330px-GuineaFeather.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GuineaFeather.jpg/440px-GuineaFeather.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="1508" /></a><figcaption>Una ploma de contorn d'una <a href="/wiki/Num%C3%ADdids" title="Numídids">gallina de Guinea</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:BarbetRictalBristle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BarbetRictalBristle.jpg/220px-BarbetRictalBristle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BarbetRictalBristle.jpg/330px-BarbetRictalBristle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/BarbetRictalBristle.jpg/440px-BarbetRictalBristle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption>Vista d'un <a href="/wiki/Barbut_verd_galtablanc" title="Barbut verd galtablanc">barbut verd galtablanc</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Les plomes aïllen els ocells de l'aigua i les temperatures fredes. També es poden fer servir per alinear el niu i proporcionar aïllament als ous i les cries. Les plomes individuals de les ales i la cua tenen un paper important en el control del vol.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2016_1600360_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2016_1600360-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Algunes espècies tenen una <a href="/wiki/Plomall_(ocells)" title="Plomall (ocells)">cresta</a> de plomes al cap. Encara que les plomes són lleugeres, el plomatge d'un ocell pesa dues o tres vegades més que el seu esquelet, ja que molts ossos són buits i contenen sacs d'aire. Els patrons de color serveixen de <a href="/wiki/Camuflatge" title="Camuflatge">camuflatge</a> contra <a href="/wiki/Depredaci%C3%B3" title="Depredació">els depredadors</a> per als ocells als seus hàbitats i serveixen de camuflatge per als depredadors que busquen menjar. Igual que amb els peixos, els colors superior i inferior poden ser diferents, per tal de proporcionar camuflatge durant el vol. Les diferències sorprenents en els patrons i colors de les plomes formen part del <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_sexual" title="Dimorfisme sexual">dimorfisme sexual</a> de moltes espècies d'ocells i són especialment importants en la selecció de parelles d'aparellaments. En alguns casos, hi ha diferències en la reflectivitat UV de les plomes entre sexes, tot i que no s'observen diferències de color en el rang visible.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les plomes de les ales dels <a href="/wiki/Manaqu%C3%AD_alablanc" title="Manaquí alablanc">manaquins</a> masculins <i>Machaeropterus deliciosus</i> tenen estructures especials que s'utilitzen per produir sons per <a href="/wiki/Estridulaci%C3%B3" title="Estridulació">estridulació</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alguns ocells tenen plomes que creixen contínuament, amb petites partícules que es desprenen regularment dels extrems de les bàrbules. Aquestes partícules produeixen una <a href="/wiki/Pols" class="mw-disambig" title="Pols">pols</a> que tamisa les plomes del cos de l'ocell i actua com a agent impermeabilitzant i condicionador de plomes. El plomall en pols ha evolucionat de manera independent en diversos tàxons i es pot trobar tant en plomes com en plomes pennàcies. Poden estar escampats pel plomatge com en els coloms i els lloros o en taques localitzades al pit, el ventre o els flancs, com en les garses i les boques de granota. Les garses utilitzen el bec per trencar les plomes en pols i per estendre-les, mentre que les cacatues poden utilitzar el seu cap com a pols per aplicar la pols.<sup id="cite_ref-delhey_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delhey-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La impermeabilització es pot perdre per l'exposició a <a href="/wiki/Emulsi%C3%B3" title="Emulsió">agents emulsionants</a> a causa de la contaminació humana. Aleshores, les plomes es poden inundar d'aigua, fent que l'ocell s'enfonsi. També és molt difícil netejar i rescatar els ocells les plomes dels quals s'han embrutat pels <a href="/wiki/Vessament_de_petroli" title="Vessament de petroli">vessaments de petroli</a>. Les plomes dels corbs marins absorbeixen l'aigua i ajuden a reduir la flotabilitat, cosa que permet així que els ocells nedin submergits.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les punxes són plomes rígides i afilades amb un gran raquis. Les rictals es troben al voltant dels ulls i el bec. Poden tenir un propòsit similar a <a href="/wiki/Pestanya" title="Pestanya">les pestanyes</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vibrissa" title="Vibrissa">les vibrisses</a> dels <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfers" title="Mamífers">mamífers</a>. Tot i que encara no hi ha proves clares, s'ha dit que tenen funcions sensorials i poden ajudar els ocells insectívors a capturar preses.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En un estudi, es va trobar que els papamosques del salze ( <i><a href="/wiki/Mosquer_dels_salzes" title="Mosquer dels salzes">Empidonax traillii</a></i> ) capturaven insectes igualment bé abans i després de l'eliminació d'aquestes punxes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Podicipediformes" title="Podicipediformes">Els podicipediformes</a> són peculiars pel seu hàbit d'ingerir les seves pròpies plomes i alimentar-les a les seves cries. Les observacions sobre la seva dieta de peixos i la freqüència de menjar plomes suggereixen que la ingestió de plomes, especialment cap avall dels seus flancs, ajuda a formar una substància fàcilment expulsable.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ús_humà"><span id=".C3.9As_hum.C3.A0"></span>Ús humà</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Ús humà"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Female_model_with_feathers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Female_model_with_feathers.jpg/220px-Female_model_with_feathers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Female_model_with_feathers.jpg/330px-Female_model_with_feathers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Female_model_with_feathers.jpg/440px-Female_model_with_feathers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Model femení amb plomes</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilitari">Utilitari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Utilitari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les plomes dels ocells s'han utilitzat durant molt de temps per fer <a href="/wiki/Sageta" title="Sageta">fletxes</a>. Per decorar els esquers de pesca s'han utilitzat plomes de colors com les dels <a href="/wiki/Fais%C3%A0" title="Faisà">faisans</a>. </p><p>Les plomes també són valuoses per ajudar a la identificació d'espècies en estudis forenses, especialment en els <a href="/wiki/Risc_aviari" title="Risc aviari">impactes d'ocells</a> amb avions. Les proporcions dels isòtops d'hidrogen a les plomes ajuden a determinar els orígens geogràfics dels ocells.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les plomes també poden ser útils en el mostreig no destructiu de contaminants.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La indústria avícola produeix una gran quantitat de plomes com a residus, que, com altres formes de queratina, tarden a descompondre's. Els residus de plomes s'han utilitzat en diverses aplicacions industrials com a mitjà per al cultiu de microbis,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> polímers biodegradables<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i la producció d'enzims.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les proteïnes de plomes s'han provat com a adhesiu per a taulers de fusta.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alguns grups d'indígenes d'Alaska han utilitzat plomes de ptarmogen com a tremp (additius no plàstics) en la fabricació de ceràmica des del primer mil·lenni aC per tal de promoure la resistència i la resistència al xoc tèrmic.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religió_i_cultura"><span id="Religi.C3.B3_i_cultura"></span>Religió i cultura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Religió i cultura"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:San_Isidro_labrador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Isidro_labrador.jpg/220px-San_Isidro_labrador.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Isidro_labrador.jpg/330px-San_Isidro_labrador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Isidro_labrador.jpg/440px-San_Isidro_labrador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Pintura mexicana de plomes <a href="/wiki/Isidre_el_Llaurador" title="Isidre el Llaurador">d'Isidre el Treballador</a> feta amb plomes d'ànec, colibrí i canari. Aquest estil de pintura, popular durant l'època <a href="/wiki/Virregnat_de_Nova_Espanya" title="Virregnat de Nova Espanya">novohispànica</a>, integra el treball de plomes d'origen prehispànic amb la iconografia cristiana. Segle XVIII, <a href="/wiki/Museu_Soumaya" title="Museu Soumaya">Museu Soumaya</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Les plomes <a href="/wiki/%C3%80guila" title="Àguila">d'àguila</a> tenen un gran valor cultural i espiritual per als <a href="/wiki/Amerindis_dels_Estats_Units" title="Amerindis dels Estats Units">nadius americans</a> als <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica">Estats Units</a> i els pobles <a href="/wiki/Primeres_Nacions" title="Primeres Nacions">de les Primeres Nacions</a> al <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a> com a objectes religiosos. Als Estats Units, l'ús religiós de les plomes d'àguila i de falcó es regeix per la llei de plomes d'àguila, una llei federal que limita la possessió de plomes d'àguila als membres certificats i inscrits de tribus natives americanes reconegudes federalment. </p><p>A Amèrica del Sud, les cerveses elaborades amb plomes de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2ndor_(g%C3%A8nere)" title="Còndor (gènere)">còndors</a> s'utilitzen en medicaments tradicionals.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A l'Índia, les plomes del <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B3_blau" title="Paó blau">paó de l'Índia</a> s'han utilitzat en la medicina tradicional per a la mossegada de serps, la infertilitat i la tos.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Se sap que els membres del clan Campbell d'Escòcia porten plomes a la gorra per significar l'autoritat dins del clan. Els caps de clan en porten tres, els caps secundaris dos i un <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%ADger" title="Armíger">armíger</a> en porta una. Qualsevol membre del clan que no compleixi els criteris no està autoritzat a portar plomes com a part de la vestimenta tradicional i fer-ho es considera presumptuós.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durant els segles XVIII, XIX i principis del XX, hi va haver un auge del comerç internacional de plomes per a barrets de dones extravagants i altres barrets, que va tenir relació amb la <a href="/wiki/Indument%C3%A0ria_victoriana" title="Indumentària victoriana">moda victoriana</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Michler_Chapman" title="Frank Michler Chapman">Frank Chapman</a> va assenyalar l'any 1886 que s'utilitzaven plomes de fins a 40 espècies d'ocells en aproximadament tres quartes parts dels 700 barrets de dona que va observar a la ciutat de Nova York.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per exemple, les plomes <a href="/wiki/Colibr%C3%ADs" title="Colibrís">de colibrís</a> sud-americans es van utilitzar en el passat per vestir alguns dels ocells en miniatura que apareixen a les caixes d'ocells cantants. Aquest comerç va provocar greus pèrdues a les poblacions d'ocells (per exemple, <a href="/wiki/Plomall" class="mw-disambig" title="Plomall">garcetes</a> i <a href="/wiki/Grua_cridanera" title="Grua cridanera">grues cridaneres</a>). Els conservacionistes van liderar una campanya important contra l'ús de plomes als barrets. Això va contribuir a l'aprovació de la Llei Lacey el 1900 i als canvis en la moda. Aleshores, el mercat de plomes ornamentals es va enfonsar.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Més recentment, el plomatge del gall s'ha convertit en una tendència popular com a accessori de pentinat, amb plomes que abans s'utilitzaven com a esquers de pesca ara s'utilitzen per donar color i estil als cabells.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La fabricació de productes de plomes a Europa ha disminuït en els darrers seixanta anys, principalment a causa de la competència d'Àsia. Les plomes han adornat els barrets en molts esdeveniments de prestigi com ara casaments i Dia de les Dones als hipòdroms (Royal Ascot). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Prum2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Prum2002_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRichard_PrumAH_Brush2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Richard Prum</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">AH Brush</span> <i>The Quarterly Review of Biology</i>, 77, 3, 2002, pàg. 261–295. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F341993">10.1086/341993</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365352?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:12365352">12365352</a> [Consulta: 7 juliol 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prum2003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Prum2003_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPrum,_R.O.Brush,_A.H2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Prum, R.O.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Brush, A.H</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>, 288, 3, 3-2003, pàg. 84–93. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SciAm.288c..84P">2003SciAm.288c..84P</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0303-84">10.1038/scientificamerican0303-84</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12616863?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:12616863">12616863</a> [Consulta: 7 juliol 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prum1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Prum1999_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPrum,_Richard_O1999"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Prum, Richard O</span> <i>Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution</i>, 285, 4, 1999, pàg. 291–306. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JEZ...285..291P">1999JEZ...285..291P</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-010X%2819991215%29285%3A4%3C291%3A%3AAID-JEZ1%3E3.0.CO%3B2-9">10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19991215)285:4<291::AID-JEZ1>3.0.CO;2-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10578107?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:10578107">10578107</a> [Consulta: 7 juliol 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/feather">Feather | Flight, Structure, Function | Britannica</a>» (en anglès). 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Nat.</i>, 169, 2007, pàg. S145–158. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F510095">10.1086/510095</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19426089?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:19426089">19426089</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRibakWeihsArad2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ribak</span>, G.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Weihs</span>, D.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Arad</span>, Z. <i>J. Avian Biol.</i>, 36, 2, 2005, pàg. 89–95. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0908-8857.2005.03499.x">10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03499.x</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLederer1972"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lederer</span>, Roger J. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wilson_Bulletin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Wilson Bulletin (encara no existeix)">The Wilson Bulletin</a></i>, 84, 1972, pàg. 193–97.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFConoverMiller1980"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Conover</span>, M. R.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Miller</span>, D. E. <i>Condor</i>, 82, 4, 1980, pàg. 469–471. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1367580">10.2307/1367580</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1367580">1367580</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPiersmavan_Eerden1989"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Piersma</span>, T; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">van Eerden</span>, M. R. <i>Ibis</i>, 131, 4, 1989, pàg. 477–486. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1474-919X.1989.tb04784.x">10.1111/j.1474-919X.1989.tb04784.x</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBowen,_Gabriel_JWassenaar,_Leonard_IHobson,_Keith_A2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bowen, Gabriel J</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wassenaar, Leonard I</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hobson, Keith A</span> <i>Oecologia</i>, 143, 3, 2005, pàg. 337–348. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Oecol.143..337B">2005Oecol.143..337B</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1813-y">10.1007/s00442-004-1813-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726429?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:15726429">15726429</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJaspers,_V.Voorspoels,_S.Covaci,_A.Lepoint,_G.2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jaspers, V.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Voorspoels, S.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Covaci, A.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lepoint, G.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Eens, M.</span> <i>Environment International</i>, 33, 3, 2007, pàg. 328–337. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007EnInt..33..328J">2007EnInt..33..328J</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envint.2006.11.011">10.1016/j.envint.2006.11.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17198730?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:17198730">17198730</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPoopathi,_S.Abidha,_S.2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Poopathi, S.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Abidha, S.</span> <i>Biological Control</i>, 43, 1, 2007, pàg. 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007BiolC..43...49P">2007BiolC..43...49P</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocontrol.2007.04.019">10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.04.019</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=170632">Poultry Waste Management Symposium Proceedings</a>". </cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.btitle=&rft.atitle=Poultry+Waste+Management+Symposium+Proceedings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars.usda.gov%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fpublication%2F%3FseqNo115%3D170632"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCasarin,_FrancianiBrandelli,_Florencia_Cladera-Olivera_AdrianoBrandelli2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Casarin, Franciani</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Brandelli, Florencia Cladera-Olivera Adriano</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Brandelli</span>, Adriano <i>Food and Bioprocess Technology</i>, 1, 3, 2008, pàg. 301–305. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11947-008-0091-9">10.1007/s11947-008-0091-9</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJiang,_Z.Qin,_D.Hse,_C.Kuo,_M.2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jiang, Z.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Qin, D.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hse, C.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kuo, M.</span>; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Luo, Z.</span>; etal <i>Journal of Wood Chemistry & Technology</i>, 28, 3, 2008, pàg. 240–246. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F02773810802347073">10.1080/02773810802347073</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neusius, Sarah W. and G. Timothy Gross 2007 Seeking Our Past: An Introduction to North American Archaeology. Oxford University Press, NY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFroemming2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Froemming</span>, Steve <i>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</i>, 2, 2006, pàg. 23. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-4269-2-23">10.1186/1746-4269-2-23</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1484469">1484469</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677398?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:16677398">16677398</a> [Consulta: free].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMurariFreyFreyGowda2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Murari</span>, S.K.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Frey</span>, F.J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Frey</span>, B.M.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gowda</span>, T.V.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vishwanath</span>, B.S. <i>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</i>, 99, 2, 2005, pàg. 229–237. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jep.2005.02.027">10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15894132?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:15894132">15894132</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMahawarJaroli2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mahawar</span>, M. M.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jaroli</span>, D. P. <i>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</i>, 3, 2007, pàg. 25. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1746-4269-3-25">10.1186/1746-4269-3-25</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892771">1892771</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17547781?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:17547781">17547781</a> [Consulta: free].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccsna.org/scottish-highland-dress#NO%20FEATHERS%20IN%20YOUR%20CAP">Scottish Highland Dress: Clan Campbell</a>».  Clan Campbell Society. [Consulta: 10 novembre 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Doughty, Robin W. <i>Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation, A Study in Nature Protection</i>. University of California Press. Page 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ehrlich</span>, Paul R. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080930070559/http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Plume_Trade.html">Plume Trade</a>».  Stanford University. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Plume_Trade.html">original</a> el 30 September 2008.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/feather/ftfa.htm">Feather trade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080623044023/http://americanhistory.si.edu/feather/ftfa.htm">Arxivat</a> 23 June 2008 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Smithsonian Institution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/outdoors/2015246435_flyfash.html">High fashion or bait? Fly ties now hair extensions</a>». <i></i>, 06-06-2011.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_plomari" title="Art plomari">Art plomari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A0nera" title="Fànera">Fànera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plomall" class="mw-disambig" title="Plomall">Plomall</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ploma&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right 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href="https://metode.cat/els-perques-de-metode/per-que-aus-coloracio-diversa-comparacio-mamifers.html">Per què les aus mostren una coloració tan diversa?</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11972131b">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4324230-3">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85047536">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00755542">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases d'informació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GEC" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC">GEC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/ploma-8">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/ploma" class="extiw" title="wikt:ploma">Viccionari</a></span> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ocells_(classe:_Aves)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Ocells" title="Plantilla:Ocells"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Ocells_(classe:_Aves)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ocells" title="Ocells">Ocells</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classe_(biologia)" title="Classe (biologia)">classe</a>: Aves)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Síntesi"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADntesi_d%27ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Síntesi d'ocells (encara no existeix)">Síntesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anatomia" title="Anatomia">Anatomia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomia_dels_ocells" title="Anatomia dels ocells">Anatomia dels ocells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol_dels_ocells" title="Vol dels ocells">Vol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ou_(biologia)" title="Ou (biologia)">Ou (biologia)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plomatge" title="Plomatge">Plomatge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bec" title="Bec">Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visi%C3%B3_dels_ocells" title="Visió dels ocells">Visió</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dactilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dactilia (encara no existeix)">Dactilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A0ndula_urop%C3%ADgea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glàndula uropígea (encara no existeix)">Glàndula uropígea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comportament" title="Comportament">Comportament</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocalitzaci%C3%B3_dels_ocells" title="Vocalització dels ocells">Vocalització</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel%C2%B7lig%C3%A8ncia_dels_ocells" title="Intel·ligència dels ocells">Intel·ligència</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocell_migrador" title="Ocell migrador">Migració</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farratjar_en_ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farratjar en ocells (encara no existeix)">Farratjar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selecci%C3%B3_sexual_en_ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selecció sexual en ocells (encara no existeix)">Selecció sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek_(coportament_animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek (coportament animal)">Lek (coportament animal)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparellament_en_ocells_marins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparellament en ocells marins (encara no existeix)">Aparellament en ocells marins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubaci%C3%B3" title="Incubació">Incubació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitisme_de_posta" title="Parasitisme de posta">Parasitisme de posta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niu_d%27ocell" title="Niu d'ocell">Nius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocells_h%C3%ADbrids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocells híbrids (encara no existeix)">Hibrids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3" title="Evolució">Evolució</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origen_dels_ocells" title="Origen dels ocells">Origen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%B2podes" title="Teròpodes">Theropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaures" title="Dinosaures">Dinosauria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Origen_del_vol_en_ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Origen del vol en ocells (encara no existeix)">Origen del vol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3_dels_ocells" title="Evolució dels ocells">Evolució dels ocells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinsans_de_Darwin" title="Pinsans de Darwin">Pinsans de Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocells_marins" title="Ocells marins">Ocells marins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llista_d%27ocells_f%C3%B2ssils_per_g%C3%A8nere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llista d'ocells fòssils per gènere (encara no existeix)">Ocells fòssils</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arque%C3%B2pterix" title="Arqueòpterix">Archaeopteryx</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omnivoropterygidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omnivoropterygidae (encara no existeix)">Omnivoropterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confuciusorn%C3%ADtids" title="Confuciusornítids">Confuciusornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enantiornites" title="Enantiornites">Enantiornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaoyangiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaoyangiformes (encara no existeix)">Chaoyangiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patagopterygiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patagopterygiformes (encara no existeix)">Patagopterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambiortiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambiortiformes (encara no existeix)">Ambiortiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Songlingornithiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songlingornithiformes (encara no existeix)">Songlingornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hongshanornithidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hongshanornithidae (encara no existeix)">Hongshanornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansus (encara no existeix)">Gansuiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichthyornithes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichthyornithes (encara no existeix)">Ichthyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperornitiformes" title="Hesperornitiformes">Hesperornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithornithidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithornithidae (encara no existeix)">Lithornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moes" title="Moes">Dinornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocells_elefant" title="Ocells elefant">Aepyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastornitiformes" title="Gastornitiformes">Gastornithiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usos_Humans_dels_ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usos Humans dels ocells (encara no existeix)">Interacció humans</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anellament_d%27ocells" class="mw-redirect" title="Anellament d'ocells">Anellament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornitologia" title="Ornitologia">Ornitologia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornitom%C3%A0ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornitomància (encara no existeix)">Ornitomància</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col%C2%B7leccionisme_d%27ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col·leccionisme d'ocells (encara no existeix)">Col·leccionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observaci%C3%B3_d%27ocells" title="Observació d'ocells">Observació d'ocells</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big year (encara no existeix)">Big year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimentaci%C3%B3_d%27ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alimentació d'ocells (encara no existeix)">Alimentació d'ocells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservaci%C3%B3_dels_ocells" title="Conservació dels ocells">Conservació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicultura" title="Avicultura">Avicultura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C3%A7a_d%27an%C3%A0tides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caça d'anàtides (encara no existeix)">Caça d'anàtides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baralla_de_galls" title="Baralla de galls">Baralla de galls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cursa_de_coloms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cursa de coloms (encara no existeix)">Cursa de coloms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconeria" title="Falconeria">Falconeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisaneria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisaneria (encara no existeix)">Faisaneria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oologia" title="Oologia">Recol·lecció d'ous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llistes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells (encara no existeix)">Famílies i ordres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_per_g%C3%A8nere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells per gènere (encara no existeix)">Gèneres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossari_de_termes_d%27ocells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossari de termes d'ocells (encara no existeix)">Glossari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_per_poblaci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells per població (encara no existeix)">Poblacions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_per_regi%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells per regió (encara no existeix)">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_recentment_extints&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells recentment extints (encara no existeix)">Ocells extints</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_del_quaternari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells del quaternari (encara no existeix)">Espècies del quaternari</a></li> <li>Ocells cèlebres <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_individuals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells individuals (encara no existeix)">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_d%27ocells_de_ficci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista d'ocells de ficció (encara no existeix)">Ficció</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neornithes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pale%C3%B2gnats" title="Paleògnats">Palaeognathae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Struthionidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthionidae">Struthioniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(Struthio)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheidae">Rheiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rhea)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinam%C3%BAs" title="Tinamús">Tinamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tinamous)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(ocell)" title="Kiwi (ocell)">Apterygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kiwis)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromaius" title="Dromaius">Casuariformes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emus_i_casuaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emus i casuaris (encara no existeix)">emus i casuaris</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B2gnats" title="Neògnats">Neognathae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gal%C2%B7loanseris" title="Gal·loanseris">Galloanserae</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Gallina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallina">gallina</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseriformes" title="Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(anàtides)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/An%C3%A0tids" title="Anàtids">Anatidae</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C3%80nec" class="mw-redirect" title="Ànec">ànecs</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatinae">Anatinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitins" title="Aitins">Aythyini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergins" title="Mergins">Mergini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxi%C3%BCrinis" title="Oxiürinis">Oxyurini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anserins" title="Anserins">Anserinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cigne" title="Cigne"><span style="font-size:85%;">cignes</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca" title="Oca"><span style="font-size:85%;">oques</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrocygna" title="Dendrocygna">Dendrocygninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80nec_pigat" title="Ànec pigat">Stictonettinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadornins" title="Tadornins">Tadorninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anh%C3%ADmids" title="Anhímids">Anhimidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Xah%C3%A0_banyut" title="Xahà banyut">Xahà banyut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chauna" title="Chauna">Chauna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseranatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anseranatidae">Anseranatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatalavis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatalavis (encara no existeix)">Anatalavis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oca_garsera" title="Oca garsera">Oca garsera</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gal%C2%B7liformes" title="Gal·liformes">Gal·liformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ocells de caça)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A0cids" title="Cràcids">Cracidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoco" title="Hoco">Cracinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_banyut" title="Guan banyut">Oreophasinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelopins" title="Penelopins">Penelopinae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megap%C3%B2dids" title="Megapòdids">Megapodidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aepypodius" title="Aepypodius">Aepypodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%A8gol_cap-roig" title="Talègol cap-roig">Alectura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meg%C3%A0pode_de_Wallace" title="Megàpode de Wallace">Eulipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%A8gol_ocel%C2%B7lat" title="Talègol ocel·lat">Leipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrocephalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocephalon">Macrocephalon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megapodius" title="Megapodius">Megapodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talegalla" title="Talegalla">Talegalla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Numididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Numididae">Numididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulturine_guineafowl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulturine guineafowl (encara no existeix)">Acryllium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelastes" title="Agelastes">Agelastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttera" title="Guttera">Guttera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numida" class="mw-redirect" title="Numida">Numida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odontophoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophoridae">Odontophoridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Callipepla" title="Callipepla">Callipepla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colinus" title="Colinus">Colinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtonyx" title="Cyrtonyx">Cyrtonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dactylortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactylortyx">Dactylortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrortyx" title="Dendrortyx">Dendrortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontophorus" title="Odontophorus">Odontophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreortyx">Oreortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Philortyx">Philortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchortyx">Rhynchortyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phasianidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasianidae">Phasianidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meleagridinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Meleagridinae">Meleagridinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(turkeys)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdicinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdicinae">Perdicinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasianinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasianinae">Phasianinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(pheasants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraoninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetraoninae">Tetraoninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neoaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbea (encara no existeix)">Columbea</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbimorphae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbimorphae (encara no existeix)">Columbimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col%C3%BAbmids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colúbmids (encara no existeix)">Columbiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(coloms i tòrtores)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesitorn%C3%ADtids" title="Mesitornítids">Mesitornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mesites)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pter%C3%B2clids" title="Pteròclids">Pterocliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pterocles)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirandornithes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirandornithes (encara no existeix)">Mirandornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamencs_(animal)" title="Flamencs (animal)">Phoenicopteriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(flamencs)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podicipediformes" title="Podicipediformes">Podicipediformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cabussons)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passerea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passerea (encara no existeix)">Passerea</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otidimorphae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otidimorphae (encara no existeix)">Otidimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuc%C3%BAlids" title="Cucúlids">Cuculiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cucuts)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turacs" title="Turacs">Musophagiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(turacs)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ot%C3%ADdids" title="Otídids">Otidiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(piocs)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strisores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strisores (encara no existeix)">Strisores</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caprimulgiformes" title="Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(Caprimúlgids i relacionats)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocell_de_l%27oli" title="Ocell de l'oli">Steatornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pod%C3%A0rgids" title="Podàrgids">Podargiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodiformes" title="Apodiformes">Apodiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hemiprocne i colibris)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomiformes">Opisthocomiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomidae">Opisthocomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hoatzin)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cursorimorphae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cursorimorphae (encara no existeix)">Cursorimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caradriformes" title="Caradriformes">Charadriiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(gavines, xatracs i àlcids)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gru%C3%AFformes" title="Gruïformes">Gruïformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(grues i relacionats)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethontimorphae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phaethontimorphae (encara no existeix)">Phaethontimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropicbird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropicbird (encara no existeix)">Phaethontiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(ocells dels tròpics)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripigiformes" title="Euripigiformes">Eurypygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kagú i ocell sol)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aequornithes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aequornithes (encara no existeix)">Aequornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loon (encara no existeix)">Gaviiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(colimbs)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping%C3%BCins" title="Pingüins">Sphenisciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pingüins)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procel%C2%B7lariformes" title="Procel·lariformes">Procellariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(albatros i petrells)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cic%C3%B2nids" title="Cicònids">Ciconiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cigonyes)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suliformes" title="Suliformes">Suliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(corbs marins i relacionats)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelicaniformes" title="Pelicaniformes">Pelecaniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pelicans i relacionats)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australaves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australaves (encara no existeix)">Australaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariami" title="Cariami">Cariamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(sarians i relacionats)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconiformes" title="Falconiformes">Falconiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(falcons i relacionats)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psitaciformes" title="Psitaciformes">Psittaciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(lloros)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passeriformes" title="Passeriformes">Passeriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(moixons)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroaves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afroaves (encara no existeix)">Afroaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathartiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathartiformes">Cathartiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(voltors del Nou Món i còndors)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accipitriformes" title="Accipitriformes">Accipitriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(àguiles i falcons)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrigiformes" title="Estrigiformes">Strigiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(òlives i mussols)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2lids" title="Còlids">Coliiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(colius i urocolius)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogoniformes" title="Trogoniformes">Trogoniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(trogons i quetzals)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curol" title="Curol">Leptosomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(curols)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucerotiformes" title="Bucerotiformes">Bucerotiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(calaus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraciformes" title="Coraciformes">Coraciiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(gaig blau i coràcids)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piciformes" title="Piciformes">Piciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pitgrocs i relacionats)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/24px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/32px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ocells" title="Categoria:Ocells">Categoria</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/16px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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