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Almasi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ehsan Almasi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ehsan Almasi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ehsan Almasi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 126</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ehsan Almasi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Impeller Trimming on Fluid Flow inside a Centrifugal Pump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouhollah%20Torabi">Rouhollah Torabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Chavoshi"> Ashkan Chavoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheyda%20Almasi"> Sheyda Almasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shima%20Almasi"> Shima Almasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the effect of impeller trim on centrifugal pump performance is studied and the most important effect which is decreasing the flow rate, differential head and efficiency is analyzed. For this case a low specific speed centrifugal pump is simulated with CFD. Total flow inside the pump including the secondary flow in sidewall gap which form internal leakage is modeled simultaneously in CFX software. The flow field in different area of pumps such as inside impeller, volute, balance holes and leakage through wear rings are studied. To validate the results experimental tests are done for various impeller diameters. Results also compared with analytic equations which predict pump performance with trimmed impeller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20pump" title="centrifugal pump">centrifugal pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impeller" title=" impeller"> impeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trim" title=" trim"> trim</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24849/numerical-and-experimental-investigation-of-impeller-trimming-on-fluid-flow-inside-a-centrifugal-pump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> The Immunosuppressive Effects of Silymarin with Rapamaycin on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of T Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Eskandari">Nahid Eskandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Ghagozolo"> Marjan Ghagozolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Almasi"> Ehsan Almasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Silymarin, as a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is known to have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, antifibrotic, and antiviral effects. The goal of this study was to determine immunosuppressive effect of Silymarin on proliferation and apoptosis of human T cells in comparison with Rapamycin and FK506. Methods: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals were activated with Con A (5µg/ml) and then treated with Silymarin, Rapamycin and FK506 in various concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10,100 and 200M) for 5 days. PBMCs were examined for proliferation using CFSE assay and the concentration that inhibited 50% of the cell proliferation (IC50) was determined for each treatment. For apoptosis assay using flow cytometry, PBMCs were activated with Con A and treated with IC50 dose of Silymarin, Rapamycin and FK506 for 5 days, then cell apoptosis was analysed by FITC-annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. The effects of Silymarin, Rapamycin and FK506 on the activation of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) pathway in PBMCs stimulated with Con A and treated with IC50 dose of drugs for 5 days evaluated using the PathScan cleaved PARP sandwich ELISA kit. Results: This study showed that Silymarin had the ability to inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. Moreover, our results indicated that 100 μM (P < 0.001) and 200 μM (P < 0.001) of Silymarin has more inhibitory effect on T cells proliferation than FK506 and Rapamycin. Our data showed that the effective doses (IC50) of Silymarin, FK506 and Rapamycin were 3×10-5 µM, 10-8 µM and 10-6 µM respectively. Data showed that the inhibitory effect of Silymarin, FK506 and Rapamycin on T cell proliferation was not due to cytotoxicity and none of these drugs at IC50 concentration had not affected the level of cleaved PARP. Conclusion: Silymarin could be a good candidate for immunosuppressive therapy for certain medical conditions with superior efficacy and lesser toxicity in comparison with other immunosuppressive drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silymarin" title="silymarin">silymarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressive%20effect" title=" immunosuppressive effect"> immunosuppressive effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapamycin" title=" rapamycin"> rapamycin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunology" title=" immunology"> immunology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26315/the-immunosuppressive-effects-of-silymarin-with-rapamaycin-on-the-proliferation-and-apoptosis-of-t-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixture Containing Diethylamine and 2-Alkanol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20jassemi%20Zargani">Elham jassemi Zargani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20almasi"> Mohammad almasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Densities and viscosities for binary mixtures of diethylamine + 2 Alkanol (2 propanol up to 2 pentanol) were measured over the entire composition range and temperature interval of 293.15 to 323.15 K. Excess molar volumes V_m^E and viscosity deviations Δη were calculated and correlated by the Redlich−Kister type function to derive the coefficients and estimate the standard error. For mixtures of diethylamine with used 2-alkanols, V_m^E and Δη are negative over the entire range of mole fraction. The observed variations of these parameters, with alkanols chain length and temperature, are discussed in terms of the inter-molecular interactions between the unlike molecules of the binary mixtures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densities" title="densities">densities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosities" title=" viscosities"> viscosities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diethylamine" title=" diethylamine"> diethylamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-alkanol" title=" 2-alkanol"> 2-alkanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redlich-Kister" title=" Redlich-Kister "> Redlich-Kister </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14020/densities-and-viscosities-of-binary-mixture-containing-diethylamine-and-2-alkanol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> The Feasibility of Economic Science in Islam With an Emphasis on Sadr's Vantage Point</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Jahangiri">Yahya Jahangiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Almasi"> Ali Almasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently capitalism is one of the most important economic issues discussed by great scholars around the world. But Islamic approach, regarding this issue may differ both western and eastern views. A greatest scholar in Islamic economy ‘especially in Shia’ is Martyr Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr. He wrote “Our economy” (Iqtisaduna) to present an economic point of view according to the Islamic teachings. In this regard firstly we will mention three approaches which are common in Muslim scullers about the economic science and then the main approach which is Sadr's view is described here. His claim explains that Islam and capitalism are in conflict with each other. And finally he explains the relationship between Islam and economy and he suggests the Islamic point of view in economy and its foundations as a solution for economic problems which we face today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20science" title=" economic science"> economic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalism" title=" capitalism"> capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martyr%20Sadr" title=" Martyr Sadr"> Martyr Sadr</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15427/the-feasibility-of-economic-science-in-islam-with-an-emphasis-on-sadrs-vantage-point" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Ethylene Sensitivity in Orchids and Its Control Using 1-MCP: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parviz%20Almasi">Parviz Almasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethylene is produced as a gaseous growth regulator in all plants and their constructive parts such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. It is considered a multifunctional phytohormone that regulates both growths including flowering, fruit ripening, inhibition of root growth, and senescence such as senescence of leaves and flowers and etc. In addition, exposure to external ethylene is caused some changes that are often undesirable and harmful. Some flowers are more sensitive to others and when exposed to ethylene; their aging process is hastened. 1-MCP is an exogenous and endogenous ethylene action inhibitor, which binds to the ethylene receptors in the plants and prevents ethylene-dependent reactions. The binding affinity of 1- MCP for the receptors is about 10 times more than ethylene. Hence, 1-MCP can be a potential candidate for controlling of ethylene injury in horticultural crops. This review integrates knowledge of ethylene biosynthesis in the plants and also a mode of action of 1-MCP in preventing of ethylene injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20injury" title="ethylene injury">ethylene injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosynthesis" title=" biosynthesis"> biosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20sensitivity" title=" ethylene sensitivity"> ethylene sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-MCP" title=" 1-MCP"> 1-MCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151840/ethylene-sensitivity-in-orchids-and-its-control-using-1-mcp-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Disadvantages and Drawbacks of Concrete Blocks and Fix Their Defects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadie">Ehsan Sadie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the cost of repair and maintenance of structures is very important and by studying the behavior of reinforced concrete structures Will become specified several factors such as : Design and calculation errors, lack of proper implementation of structural changes, the damage caused by the introduction of random loads, concrete corrosion and environmental conditions reduce durability of the structures . Meanwhile building codes alteration also cause changes in the assessment and review of the design and structure rather if necessary will be improved and strengthened in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20building" title="concrete building ">concrete building </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expandable%20cement" title=" expandable cement"> expandable cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycombed%20surface" title=" honeycombed surface "> honeycombed surface </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20corrosion" title=" reinforcement corrosion"> reinforcement corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23902/disadvantages-and-drawbacks-of-concrete-blocks-and-fix-their-defects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Regression of Hand Kinematics from Surface Electromyography Data Using an Long Short-Term Memory-Transformer Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Sadat%20Sadati%20Rostami">Anita Sadat Sadati Rostami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Almasi%20Ghaleh"> Reza Almasi Ghaleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers important insights into muscle activation and has applications in fields including rehabilitation and human-computer interaction. The purpose of this work is to predict the degree of activation of two joints in the index finger using an LSTM-Transformer architecture trained on sEMG data from the Ninapro DB8 dataset. We apply advanced preprocessing techniques, such as multi-band filtering and customizable rectification methods, to enhance the encoding of sEMG data into features that are beneficial for regression tasks. The processed data is converted into spike patterns and simulated using Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron models, allowing for neuromorphic-inspired processing. Our findings demonstrate that adjusting filtering parameters and neuron dynamics and employing the LSTM-Transformer model improves joint angle prediction performance. This study contributes to the ongoing development of deep learning frameworks for sEMG analysis, which could lead to improvements in motor control systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20electromyography" title="surface electromyography">surface electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSTM-transformer" title=" LSTM-transformer"> LSTM-transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiking%20neural%20networks" title=" spiking neural networks"> spiking neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20kinematics" title=" hand kinematics"> hand kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaky%20integrate-and-fire%20neuron" title=" leaky integrate-and-fire neuron"> leaky integrate-and-fire neuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band-pass%20filtering" title=" band-pass filtering"> band-pass filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activity%20decoding" title=" muscle activity decoding"> muscle activity decoding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194648/regression-of-hand-kinematics-from-surface-electromyography-data-using-an-long-short-term-memory-transformer-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Tram Track Deterioration Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Yousefikia">Mohammad Yousefikia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Moridpour"> Sara Moridpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Mazloumi"> Ehsan Mazloumi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perceiving track geometry deterioration decisively influences the optimization of track maintenance operations. The effective management of this deterioration and increasingly utilized system with limited financial resources is a significant challenge. This paper provides a review of degradation models relevant for railroad tracks. Furthermore, due to the lack of long term information on the condition development of tram infrastructures, presents the methodology which will be used to derive degradation models from the data of Melbourne tram network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration%20modeling" title="deterioration modeling">deterioration modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20management" title=" asset management"> asset management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway" title=" railway"> railway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tram" title=" tram"> tram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11719/tram-track-deterioration-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Investigation of Performance of Organic Acids on Carbonate Rocks (Experimental Study in Ahwaz Oilfield)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azad%20Jarrahian">Azad Jarrahian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Heidaryan"> Ehsan Heidaryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Matrix acidizing treatments can yield impressive production increase if properly applied. In this study, carbonate samples taken from Ahwaz Oilfield have undergone static solubility, sludge, emulsion, and core flooding tests. In each test interaction of acid and rock is reported and at the end it has been shown that how initial permeability and type of acid affects the overall treatment efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonate%20acidizing" title="carbonate acidizing">carbonate acidizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20acids" title=" organic acids"> organic acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spending%20rate" title=" spending rate"> spending rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20penetration" title=" acid penetration"> acid penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incomplete%20spending." title=" incomplete spending."> incomplete spending.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22220/investigation-of-performance-of-organic-acids-on-carbonate-rocks-experimental-study-in-ahwaz-oilfield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Measurement of Viscosity and Moisture of Oil in Supradistribution Transformers Using Ultrasonic Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Kadkhodaie">Ehsan Kadkhodaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Parvar"> Shahin Parvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soroush%20Senemar"> Soroush Senemar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Shriat"> Mostafa Shriat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolrasoul%20Malekpour"> Abdolrasoul Malekpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of oil in supra distribution transformers is so critical and, several standards in determining the quality of oil have been offered. So far, moisture, viscosity and insulation protection of the oil have been measured based on mechanical and chemical methods and systems such as kart fisher, falling ball and TDM 4000 that most of these techniques are destructive and have many problems such as pollution. In this study, due to the properties of oil and also physical behavior of ultrasound wave new method was designed to in the determination of oil indicators including viscosity and moisture. The results show the oil viscosity can be found from the relationship μ = 42.086/√EE and moisture from (PLUS+) = −15.65 (PPM) + 26040 relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title="oil">oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20waves" title=" ultrasonic waves"> ultrasonic waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24391/measurement-of-viscosity-and-moisture-of-oil-in-supradistribution-transformers-using-ultrasonic-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Marine Propeller Cavitation Analysis Using BEM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Yari">Ehsan Yari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a numerical study of sheet cavitation has been performed on DTMB4119 and E779A marine propellers with the boundary element method. In propeller design, various parameters of geometry and fluid are incorporated. So a program is needed to solve the flow taking the whole parameters changing into account. The capability of analyzing the wetted and cavitation flow around propellers in steady, unsteady, uniform, and non-uniform conditions while decreasing computational time compared to numerical finite volume methods with acceptable precision are the characteristic features of the present method. Moreover, modifying the position of the detachment point and its corresponding potential value has been considered. Numerical results have been validated with experimental data, showing a good conformation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title="cavitation">cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BEM" title=" BEM"> BEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTMB4119" title=" DTMB4119"> DTMB4119</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E779A" title=" E779A"> E779A</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182003/marine-propeller-cavitation-analysis-using-bem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Integration of Microarray Data into a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study Flux Distribution after Gene Knockout</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Heydari">Mona Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Motamedian"> Ehsan Motamedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abbas%20Shojaosadati"> Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prediction of perturbations after genetic manipulation (especially gene knockout) is one of the important challenges in systems biology. In this paper, a new algorithm is introduced that integrates microarray data into the metabolic model. The algorithm was used to study the change in the cell phenotype after knockout of Gss gene in Escherichia coli BW25113. Algorithm implementation indicated that gene deletion resulted in more activation of the metabolic network. Growth yield was more and less regulating gene were identified for mutant in comparison with the wild-type strain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20network" title="metabolic network">metabolic network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20knockout" title=" gene knockout"> gene knockout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20balance%20analysis" title=" flux balance analysis"> flux balance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microarray%20data" title=" microarray data"> microarray data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15750/integration-of-microarray-data-into-a-genome-scale-metabolic-model-to-study-flux-distribution-after-gene-knockout" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Analysis of 3 dB Directional Coupler Based On Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Large Cross-Section Rib Waveguide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurdiani%20Zamhari">Nurdiani Zamhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abang%20Annuar%20Ehsan"> Abang Annuar Ehsan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 3 dB directional coupler is designed by using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) large cross-section and simulate by Beam Propagation Method at the communication wavelength of 1.55 µm and 1.48 µm. The geometry is shaped with rib height (H) of 6 µm and varied in step factor (r) which is 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8. The wave guide spacing is also fixed to 5 µm and the slab width is symmetrical. In general, the 3 dB coupling lengths for four different cross-sections are several millimetre long. The 1.48 of wavelength give the longer coupling length if compare to 1.55 at the same step factor (r). Besides, the low loss propagation is achieved with less than 2 % of propagation loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3%20dB%20directional%20couplers" title="3 dB directional couplers">3 dB directional couplers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon-on-insulator" title=" silicon-on-insulator"> silicon-on-insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetrical%20rib%20waveguide" title=" symmetrical rib waveguide"> symmetrical rib waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OptiBPM%209" title=" OptiBPM 9 "> OptiBPM 9 </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19712/analysis-of-3-db-directional-coupler-based-on-silicon-on-insulator-soi-large-cross-section-rib-waveguide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Comparing Community Detection Algorithms in Bipartite Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Khademi">Ehsan Khademi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Jalili"> Mahdi Jalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the special features of bipartite networks, they are common in many systems. Real-world bipartite networks may show community structure, similar to what one can find in one-mode networks. However, the interpretation of the community structure in bipartite networks is different as compared to one-mode networks. In this manuscript, we compare a number of available methods that are frequently used to discover community structure of bipartite networks. These networks are categorized into two broad classes. One class is the methods that, first, transfer the network into a one-mode network, and then apply community detection algorithms. The other class is the algorithms that have been developed specifically for bipartite networks. These algorithms are applied on a model network with prescribed community structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20detection" title="community detection">community detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipartite%20networks" title=" bipartite networks"> bipartite networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-clustering" title=" co-clustering"> co-clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modularity" title=" modularity"> modularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20projection" title=" network projection"> network projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20networks" title=" complex networks"> complex networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14451/comparing-community-detection-algorithms-in-bipartite-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Implementing Internet of Things through Building Information Modelling in Order to Assist with the Maintenance Stage of Commercial Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ushir%20Daya">Ushir Daya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zenadene%20Lazarus"> Zenadene Lazarus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimelle%20Moodley"> Dimelle Moodley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Saghatforoush"> Ehsan Saghatforoush</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It was found through literature that there is a lack of implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) incorporated into Building Information Modelling (BIM) in South Africa. The research aims to find if the implementation of IoT into BIM will make BIM more useful during the maintenance stage of buildings and assist facility managers when doing their job. The research will look at the existing problematic areas with building information modelling, specifically BIM 7D. This paper will look at the capabilities of IoT and what issues IoT will be able to resolve in BIM software, as well as how IoT into BIM will assist facility managers and if such an implementation will make a facility manager's job more efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title="internet of things">internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20information%20modeling" title=" building information modeling"> building information modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities%20management" title=" facilities management"> facilities management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20health%20monitoring" title=" structural health monitoring"> structural health monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119277/implementing-internet-of-things-through-building-information-modelling-in-order-to-assist-with-the-maintenance-stage-of-commercial-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> A New Method Presentation for Locating Fault in Power Distribution Feeders Considering DG</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahman%20Dashti">Rahman Dashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Gord"> Ehsan Gord</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an improved impedance based fault location method is proposed. In this method, online fault locating is performed using voltage and current information at the beginning of the feeder. Determining precise fault location in a short time increases reliability and efficiency of the system. The proposed method utilizes information about main component of voltage and current at the beginning of the feeder and distributed generation unit (DGU) in order to precisely locate different faults in acceptable time. To evaluate precision and accuracy of the proposed method, a 13-node is simulated and tested using MATLAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20network" title="distribution network">distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20section%20determination" title=" fault section determination"> fault section determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation%20units" title=" distributed generation units"> distributed generation units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20protection%20equipment" title=" distribution protection equipment"> distribution protection equipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41615/a-new-method-presentation-for-locating-fault-in-power-distribution-feeders-considering-dg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> A Single Switch High Step-Up DC/DC Converter with Zero Current Switching Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahil%20Samani">Rahil Samani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Soleimani"> Saeed Soleimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Adib"> Ehsan Adib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Pahlevani"> Majid Pahlevani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an inverting high step-up DC/DC converter. Basically, this high step-up DC/DC converter is an appealing interface for solar applications. The proposed topology takes advantage of using coupled inductors. Due to the leakage inductances of these coupled inductors, the power MOSFET has the zero current switching (ZCS) condition, which results in decreased switching losses. This will substantially improve the overall efficiency of the power converter. Furthermore, employing coupled inductors has led to a higher voltage gain. Theoretical analysis and experimental results of a 100W 20V/220V prototype are presented to verify the superior performance of the proposed DC/DC converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20inductors" title="coupled inductors">coupled inductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20step-up%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" high step-up DC/DC converter"> high step-up DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-current%20switching" title=" zero-current switching"> zero-current switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuk%20converter" title=" Cuk converter"> Cuk converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEPIC%20converter" title=" SEPIC converter"> SEPIC converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107674/a-single-switch-high-step-up-dcdc-converter-with-zero-current-switching-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">720</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Innate Immunity of Insects in Brief</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Soleymaninejadian">Ehsan Soleymaninejadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the field of immunology is growing day by day, and its chaotic system amazes more people, greed of research in this area is growing; however dealing with human or mammalian cells such as mice make the research expensive. Although there are some differences between higher animals with insects, importance of innate immunity during evolution made it untouched. So, for understanding the innate immunity insects can be good models. They are cheap; reproduction is fast and in the case genetics, less complicated. In this review, we tried to briefly tackle with important factors in insects’ innate immunity such as melanization, encapsulation, JAK-STAT, IMD, and Toll pathways. At the end, we explained how hormones and nerve system also can impact on immune system and make it more beautiful. In concluding remarks, the possibility of taking help from insect immune system to fight against diseases such as cancer has been considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insects" title="insects">insects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innate%20immunity" title=" innate immunity"> innate immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melanization" title=" melanization"> melanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracellular%20pathways" title=" intracellular pathways"> intracellular pathways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hormones" title=" hormones"> hormones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74600/innate-immunity-of-insects-in-brief" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Buckling Analysis of 2D Frames Using the Modified Newmark Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Amin%20Vakili">Seyed Amin Vakili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Sadat%20Vakili"> Sahar Sadat Vakili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ehsan%20Vakili"> Seyed Ehsan Vakili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Abdoli%20Yazdi"> Nader Abdoli Yazdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this paper is to present the Modified Newmark Method of buckling analysis frame considering the effect of the axial load. The discussion will be restricted to plane frameworks containing a constant cross-section for each element. In addition, it is assumed that the frames are prevented from out-of-plane deflection. In this method, stiffness matrix of the structure is considered to be constant. The most important advantage of such a method is that it obtains both upper and lower critical loads. The advanced of the present method is fast convergence, ability to use computer simulations, and ability to model structures with semi-rigid support conditions using linear and rotational spring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame" title=" frame"> frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20newmark%20method" title=" modified newmark method"> modified newmark method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42638/buckling-analysis-of-2d-frames-using-the-modified-newmark-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> A Review of Renewable Energy Conditions in Iran Country</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Atash%20Zaban">Ehsan Atash Zaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Beyk"> Mehdi Beyk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, concerns over the depletion of non-renewable fuels and environmental pollution have led countries around the world to look for alternative energy sources for these fuels. An energy source that can have the necessary reliability, be a suitable alternative to fossil fuels, be technologically achievable, comply with environmental standards to the maximum, and at the same time cause countries to meet domestic consumption for electricity production. Iran is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of various energy sources because, on the one hand, it has extensive sources of fossil and non-renewable fuels such as oil and gas, and on the other hand, it has great potential for renewable energy. In this paper, the potential of renewable energy in Iran, which includes solar, wind, geothermal, hydrogen technology, and biomass, has been reviewed and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20stations" title=" solar stations"> solar stations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydropower" title=" hydropower"> hydropower</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163330/a-review-of-renewable-energy-conditions-in-iran-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Analytical Study on Threats to Wetland Ecosystems and Their Solutions in the Framework of the Ramsar Convention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Daryadel">Ehsan Daryadel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Talaie"> Farhad Talaie </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth. Nevertheless, various challenges threaten these ecosystems and disrupt their ecological character. Among these, the effects of human-based threats are more devastating. Following mass degradation of wetlands during 1970s, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) was concluded to conserve wetlands of international importance and prevent destruction and degradation of such ecosystems through wise use of wetlands as a mean to achieve sustainable development in all over the world. Therefore, in this paper, efforts have been made to analyze threats to wetlands and then investigate solutions in the framework of the Ramsar Convention. Finally, in order to operate these mechanisms, this study concludes that all states should in turn make their best effort to improve and restore global wetlands through preservation of environmental standards and close contribution and also through taking joint measures with other states effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramsar%20Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threats" title=" threats"> threats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20wcosystems" title=" wetland wcosystems"> wetland wcosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wise%20use" title=" wise use"> wise use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6722/analytical-study-on-threats-to-wetland-ecosystems-and-their-solutions-in-the-framework-of-the-ramsar-convention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Investigation of the Catalytic Role of Surfactants on Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation in Sediments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Heidaryan">Ehsan Heidaryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas hydrate sediments are ice like permafrost in deep see and oceans. Methane production in sequestration process and reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide, a main source of greenhouse gas, has been accentuated recently. One focus is capture, separation, and sequestration of industrial carbon dioxide. As a hydrate former, carbon dioxide forms hydrates at moderate temperatures and pressures. This phenomenon could be utilized to capture and separate carbon dioxide from flue gases, and also has the potential to sequester carbon dioxide in the deep seabeds. This research investigated the effect of synthetic surfactants on carbon dioxide hydrate formation, catalysis and consequently, methane production from hydrate permafrosts in sediments. It investigated the sequestration potential of carbon dioxide hydrates in ocean sediments. Also, the catalytic effect of biosurfactants in these processes was investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrate" title=" hydrate"> hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequestration" title=" sequestration"> sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24778/investigation-of-the-catalytic-role-of-surfactants-on-carbon-dioxide-hydrate-formation-in-sediments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Application of Model Tree in the Prediction of TBM Rate of Penetration with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Mehryaar">Ehsan Mehryaar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rate of penetration is (RoP) one of the vital factors in the cost and time of tunnel boring projects; therefore, predicting it can lead to a substantial increase in the efficiency of the project. RoP is heavily dependent geological properties of the project site and TBM properties. In this study, 151-point data from Queen’s water tunnel is collected, which includes unconfined compression strength, peak slope index, angle with weak planes, and distance between planes of weaknesses. Since the size of the data is small, it was observed that it is imbalanced. To solve that problem synthetic minority oversampling technique is utilized. The model based on the model tree is proposed, where each leaf consists of a support vector machine model. Proposed model performance is then compared to existing empirical equations in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Model%20tree" title="Model tree">Model tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMOTE" title=" SMOTE"> SMOTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20of%20penetration" title=" rate of penetration"> rate of penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBM%28tunnel%20boring%20machine%29" title=" TBM(tunnel boring machine)"> TBM(tunnel boring machine)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141473/application-of-model-tree-in-the-prediction-of-tbm-rate-of-penetration-with-synthetic-minority-oversampling-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Study of the Effect of Soil Compaction and Height on Pipe Ovality for Buried Steel Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ghodsbin%20Jahromi">Ali Ghodsbin Jahromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Moradi"> Ehsan Moradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the numerical study of buried steel pipe in soil is investigated. Buried pipeline under soil weight, after embankment on the pipe leads to ovality of pipe. In this paper also it is considered the percentage of soil compaction, the soil height on the steel pipe and the external load of a mechanical excavator on the steel pipe and finally, the effect of these on the rate of pipe ovality investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the pipes’ thickness on ovality has been investigated. The results show that increasing the percentage of soil compaction has more effect on reducing percentage of ovality, and if the percentage of soil compaction increases, we can use the pipe with less thickness. Finally, ovality rate of the pipe and acceptance criteria of pipe diameter up to yield stress is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20ovality" title="pipe ovality">pipe ovality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20thickness" title=" pipe thickness "> pipe thickness </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110519/study-of-the-effect-of-soil-compaction-and-height-on-pipe-ovality-for-buried-steel-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> A Supervised Face Parts Labeling Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalil%20Khan">Khalil Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Syed"> Ikram Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ehsan%20Mazhar"> Muhammad Ehsan Mazhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran%20Uddin"> Iran Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Ahmad"> Nasir Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Face parts labeling is the process of assigning class labels to each face part. A face parts labeling method (FPL) which divides a given image into its constitutes parts is proposed in this paper. A database FaceD consisting of 564 images is labeled with hand and make publically available. A supervised learning model is built through extraction of features from the training data. The testing phase is performed with two semantic segmentation methods, i.e., pixel and super-pixel based segmentation. In pixel-based segmentation class label is provided to each pixel individually. In super-pixel based method class label is assigned to super-pixel only – as a result, the same class label is given to all pixels inside a super-pixel. Pixel labeling accuracy reported with pixel and super-pixel based methods is 97.68 % and 93.45% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20labeling" title="face labeling">face labeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20segmentation" title=" semantic segmentation"> semantic segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20segmentation" title=" face segmentation"> face segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94715/a-supervised-face-parts-labeling-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Effect of Variable Fluxes on Optimal Flux Distribution in a Metabolic Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Motamedian">Ehsan Motamedian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding all optimal flux distributions of a metabolic model is an important challenge in systems biology. In this paper, a new algorithm is introduced to identify all alternate optimal solutions of a large scale metabolic network. The algorithm reduces the model to decrease computations for finding optimal solutions. The algorithm was implemented on the Escherichia coli metabolic model to find all optimal solutions for lactate and acetate production. There were more optimal flux distributions when acetate production was optimized. The model was reduced from 1076 to 80 variable fluxes for lactate while it was reduced to 91 variable fluxes for acetate. These 11 more variable fluxes resulted in about three times more optimal flux distributions. Variable fluxes were from 12 various metabolic pathways and most of them belonged to nucleotide salvage and extra cellular transport pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20variability" title="flux variability">flux variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20network" title=" metabolic network"> metabolic network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-integer%20linear%20programming" title=" mixed-integer linear programming"> mixed-integer linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20optimal%20solutions" title=" multiple optimal solutions"> multiple optimal solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15698/effect-of-variable-fluxes-on-optimal-flux-distribution-in-a-metabolic-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> The Association of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Xbai Gg Genotype and Severe Preeclampsia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedeh%20Salimi">Saeedeh Salimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Farajian-%20Mashhadi"> Farzaneh Farajian- Mashhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Tabatabaei"> Ehsan Tabatabaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnaz%20Shahrakipoor"> Mahnaz Shahrakipoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minoo%20Yaghmaei"> Minoo Yaghmaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojgan%20Mokhtari"> Mojgan Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) plays an essential role in the adaptation of increased uterine blood flow during gestation. Therefore ERα gene could be a possible candidate for preeclampsia(PE) susceptibility. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of the ERα gene polymorphisms and PE in an Iranian population. Methods: One hundred ninety-two pregnant women with PE and 186 normotensive women were genotyped for ERα gene (PvuII and XbaI) polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method. Results: The frequency of alleles and genotypes of ERα PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were not different between PE and normotensive control women. However, higher frequency of GG genotype was observed in women with severe PE compared to mild PE (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3]; P = 0.02) and in severe PE compared to normotensive women [OR= 1.8(1.1-3), P=0.02] after adjusting for age, ethnicity and primiparity. Conclusions: The GG genotype of ERα XbaI polymorphism could be a genetic risk factor for PE predisposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estrogen%20receptor-%CE%B1" title="estrogen receptor-α">estrogen receptor-α</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism" title=" polymorphism"> polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene" title=" gene"> gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preeclampsia" title=" preeclampsia"> preeclampsia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65226/the-association-of-estrogen-receptor-alpha-xbai-gg-genotype-and-severe-preeclampsia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Molding Properties of Cobalt-Chrome-Based Feedstocks Used in Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Gholami">Ehsan Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Demers"> Vincent Demers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-pressure powder injection molding is an emerging technology for cost-effectively producing complex shape metallic parts with the proper dimensional tolerances, either in high or in low production volumes. In this study, the molding properties of cobalt-chrome-based feedstocks were evaluated for use in a low-pressure powder injection molding process. The rheological properties of feedstock formulations were obtained by mixing metallic powder with a proprietary wax-based binder system. Rheological parameters such as reference viscosity, shear rate sensitivity index, and activation energy for viscous flow, were extracted from the viscosity profiles and introduced into the Weir model to calculate the moldability index. Feedstocks were experimentally injected into a spiral mold cavity to validate the injection performance calculated with the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binder" title="binder">binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedstock" title=" feedstock"> feedstock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moldability" title=" moldability"> moldability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20injection%20molding" title=" powder injection molding"> powder injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93003/molding-properties-of-cobalt-chrome-based-feedstocks-used-in-low-pressure-powder-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Weaknesses and Performance Defects of Steel Structures According to the Executive Criteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadie">Ehsan Sadie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the experience of heavy losses and damages of recent earthquakes such as 8 km E of Pāhala, Hawaii, 11 km W of Salvaleón de Higüey, Dominican Republic and 49 km SSE of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic earthquakes, the possibility of large earthquakes in most populated areas of any country and the serious need for quality control in the design and implementation of buildings, not enough attention has been paid to the proper construction. Steel structures constitute a significant part of construction in any metropolitan area. This article gives a brief overview of the implementation status of these buildings in urban areas and considers the weaknesses of performance that typically occur due to negligence or insufficient mastery of the building supervisor in the principles of operation of earthquake-resistant buildings, and provide appropriate and possible solutions to improve the construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing%20member" title="bracing member">bracing member</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrated%20load" title=" concentrated load"> concentrated load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaphragm%20system" title=" diaphragm system"> diaphragm system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20engineering" title=" earthquake engineering"> earthquake engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load-bearing%20system" title=" load-bearing system"> load-bearing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20force" title=" shear force"> shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofitting" title=" seismic retrofitting"> seismic retrofitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20building" title=" steel building"> steel building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strip%20foundation" title=" strip foundation"> strip foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervising%20engineer" title=" supervising engineer"> supervising engineer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability%20of%20building" title=" vulnerability of building"> vulnerability of building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144524/weaknesses-and-performance-defects-of-steel-structures-according-to-the-executive-criteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Review and Evaluation of Viscose Damper on Structural Responses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadie">Ehsan Sadie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developments in the field of damping technology and advances in the area of dampers in equipping many structures have been the result of efforts and testing by researchers in this field. In this paper, a sample of a two-story building is simulated with the help of SAP2000 software, and the effect of a viscous damper on the performance of the structure is explained. The effect of dampers on the response of the structure is investigated. This response involves the horizontal displacement of floors. In this case, the structure is modeled once without a damper and again with a damper. In this regard, the results are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Since the seismic behavior of the structure is studied, the responses show the appropriate effect of viscous dampers in reducing the displacement of floors, and also the energy dissipation in the structure with dampers compared to structures without dampers is significant. Therefore, it is economical to use viscous dampers in areas that have a higher relative earthquake risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20frame" title="bending frame">bending frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20criterion" title=" displacement criterion"> displacement criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response%20spectra" title=" dynamic response spectra"> dynamic response spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20history%20spectrum" title=" non-linear history spectrum"> non-linear history spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAP2000%20software" title=" SAP2000 software"> SAP2000 software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20response" title=" structural response"> structural response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20damper" title=" viscous damper"> viscous damper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147515/review-and-evaluation-of-viscose-damper-on-structural-responses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Almasi&page=2">2</a></li> <li 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