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//]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://blog.chromium.org/'> <img alt="Chromium Blog" height="50" src="//1.bp.blogspot.com/-vkF7AFJOwBk/VkQxeAGi1mI/AAAAAAAARYo/57denvsQ8zA/s1600-r/logo_chromium.png"> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Chromium Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> News and developments from the open source browser project </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='2004489269052717959' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html' itemprop='url' title='Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS!'> Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS! </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, January 31, 2017 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Historically, the code for Chrome for iOS was kept separate from the rest of the Chromium project due to the additional complexity required for the platform. After years of careful refactoring, all of this code is rejoining Chromium and being moved into the </span><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/master/ios/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">open-source repository</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div> <b id="docs-internal-guid-173077fa-ef8e-14b4-745c-f4370981d1d6" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Due to constraints of the iOS platform, all browsers must be built on top of the </span><a href="https://webkit.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WebKit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> rendering engine. For Chromium, this means supporting both WebKit as well as </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blink</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Chrome's rendering engine for other platforms. That created some extra complexities which we wanted to avoid placing in the Chromium code base. </span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Given Chrome's commitment to open-source code, we've spent a lot of time over the past several years making the changes required to upstream the code for Chrome for iOS into Chromium. Today, that upstreaming is complete, and developers can </span><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/ios_build_instructions.md" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">compile</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the iOS version of Chromium like they can for other versions of Chromium. Development speed is also faster now that all of the tests for Chrome for iOS are available to the entire Chromium community and automatically run any time that code is checked in.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We value the open source community and all of our contributors, and we're glad that Chrome for iOS can finally join in. </span></div> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posted by Rohit Rao, Upstream Angler </span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Historically, the code for Chrome for iOS was kept separate from the rest of the Chromium project due to the additional complexity required for the platform. After years of careful refactoring, all of this code is rejoining Chromium and being moved into the </span><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/master/ios/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">open-source repository</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div> <b id="docs-internal-guid-173077fa-ef8e-14b4-745c-f4370981d1d6" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Due to constraints of the iOS platform, all browsers must be built on top of the </span><a href="https://webkit.org/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">WebKit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> rendering engine. For Chromium, this means supporting both WebKit as well as </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/blink" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blink</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Chrome's rendering engine for other platforms. That created some extra complexities which we wanted to avoid placing in the Chromium code base. </span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Given Chrome's commitment to open-source code, we've spent a lot of time over the past several years making the changes required to upstream the code for Chrome for iOS into Chromium. Today, that upstreaming is complete, and developers can </span><a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/ios_build_instructions.md" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">compile</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the iOS version of Chromium like they can for other versions of Chromium. Development speed is also faster now that all of the tests for Chrome for iOS are available to the entire Chromium community and automatically run any time that code is checked in.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We value the open source community and all of our contributors, and we're glad that Chrome for iOS can finally join in. </span></div> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posted by Rohit Rao, Upstream Angler </span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS!&url=https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html&via=ChromiumDev'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='4712774749279551679' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/performance-improvements-in-chromes.html' itemprop='url' title='Performance improvements in Chrome's rendering pipeline'> Performance improvements in Chrome's rendering pipeline </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Monday, January 30, 2017 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Speed is one of Chrome’s four core principles, enabling web developers to provide users with faster, more engaging web experiences. While many components in the browser contribute to overall speed, the rendering pipeline is primarily responsible for ensuring websites display at 60 frames per second (fps), which feels fast and responsive to users. Over the last few months we’ve rolled out several performance improvements to Chrome’s rendering pipeline, making it even smarter about the work it completes. Chrome now more intelligently skips redundant tasks, chooses optimal rendering algorithms, and better utilizes system hardware, causing websites to load faster, run smoother, and use less power.</span></div> <b id="docs-internal-guid-750b5f6e-ec8c-5a06-b1e1-110ec3030035" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In order to display content at 60fps, Chrome has only </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rendering/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16ms to render each frame</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, including JavaScript execution, style, layout, painting, and pushing the resulting pixels to the user’s screen. Of that 16ms time budget, the less Chrome uses, the more time web developers have to run scripts, load content, and delight their users. Many of our recent improvements to the rendering pipeline focus on reducing the per-frame workload, rather than simply improving Chrome’s raw speed.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For example, when Chrome is preparing to paint pixels to the screen, it must first identify which elements on the page need to be redrawn and which can be copied from the previous frame’s cache. On highly dynamic pages with frequent DOM changes, this performance cost can add up quickly. To simplify this task, Chrome now tracks the draw commands generated for each element and can identify visually non-overlapping subsets. If one of these subsets hasn’t been modified, the entire block can be copied directly from the cache without any additional work. This optimization reduces the time it takes to paint a new frame to the screen by up to 35%.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome also groups the pixels into tiles to enable smaller and faster updates to the screen. Previously, Chrome would redraw any of these tiles that had been modified by a DOM update, but this is only optimal if the majority of a tile’s area needs to be redrawn. If only a few pixels have changed, it’s faster to </span><a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/native-one-copy-texture-uploads-for-chrome-os-on-intel-architecture-enabled-by-default" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">copy the entire tile</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> from the previous frame and then update the new pixels. Chrome can now intelligently choose the redraw pipeline that will be faster, reducing tile redraw time by up to 40%.</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">  </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="test.gif" height="227" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/AsQBXEzhTXwF4HanHvPXbid4MRZK_w_X4F8endqk-jzhSotFxq2qtLB1aspz0yNajIP7Tfx9fJ01NCe_Prby1DKkPIpK-ahk6bbylpD9MpCFrIHHhdW0kn12mzCkmQkQOGzJ-J12" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="455" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">  </span></div> <div style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span id="docs-internal-guid-750b5f6e-ec8d-6f65-f9bb-def6534fd927"></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Any update to the screen, such as the input cursor blinking, would previously require the whole tile to be re-rendered (left). When only a few pixels have changed, Chrome can now redraw only the modified region (right).</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In addition to intelligently optimizing its workload, Chrome is now better at choosing how it completes that work given the underlying hardware. While video and canvas elements have been </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2012/02/gpu-accelerating-2d-canvas-and-enabling.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">GPU accelerated for a long time</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Chrome is constantly getting better at utilizing the GPU for more challenging rendering tasks. On Android, Mac, and Windows, Chrome now better utilizes GPU acceleration for complex site content rendering. This improves animation performance, input latency, and scroll smoothness for modern SVG and HTML5 pages.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There are many different dimensions to speed, and we’re committed to continually improving Chrome’s performance and enabling developers to optimize their user experience to hit 60fps. The rendering pipeline is only one piece of the puzzle, and we’ve got a lot more coming. Stay tuned as we continue taking deep dives into performance and steadily make the web faster and more responsive for all Chrome users.</span></div> <br /> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posted by Chris Harrelson, Painting Professional</span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Speed is one of Chrome’s four core principles, enabling web developers to provide users with faster, more engaging web experiences. While many components in the browser contribute to overall speed, the rendering pipeline is primarily responsible for ensuring websites display at 60 frames per second (fps), which feels fast and responsive to users. Over the last few months we’ve rolled out several performance improvements to Chrome’s rendering pipeline, making it even smarter about the work it completes. Chrome now more intelligently skips redundant tasks, chooses optimal rendering algorithms, and better utilizes system hardware, causing websites to load faster, run smoother, and use less power.</span></div> <b id="docs-internal-guid-750b5f6e-ec8c-5a06-b1e1-110ec3030035" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In order to display content at 60fps, Chrome has only </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rendering/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16ms to render each frame</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, including JavaScript execution, style, layout, painting, and pushing the resulting pixels to the user’s screen. Of that 16ms time budget, the less Chrome uses, the more time web developers have to run scripts, load content, and delight their users. Many of our recent improvements to the rendering pipeline focus on reducing the per-frame workload, rather than simply improving Chrome’s raw speed.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For example, when Chrome is preparing to paint pixels to the screen, it must first identify which elements on the page need to be redrawn and which can be copied from the previous frame’s cache. On highly dynamic pages with frequent DOM changes, this performance cost can add up quickly. To simplify this task, Chrome now tracks the draw commands generated for each element and can identify visually non-overlapping subsets. If one of these subsets hasn’t been modified, the entire block can be copied directly from the cache without any additional work. This optimization reduces the time it takes to paint a new frame to the screen by up to 35%.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome also groups the pixels into tiles to enable smaller and faster updates to the screen. Previously, Chrome would redraw any of these tiles that had been modified by a DOM update, but this is only optimal if the majority of a tile’s area needs to be redrawn. If only a few pixels have changed, it’s faster to </span><a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/native-one-copy-texture-uploads-for-chrome-os-on-intel-architecture-enabled-by-default" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">copy the entire tile</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> from the previous frame and then update the new pixels. Chrome can now intelligently choose the redraw pipeline that will be faster, reducing tile redraw time by up to 40%.</span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">  </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="test.gif" height="227" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/AsQBXEzhTXwF4HanHvPXbid4MRZK_w_X4F8endqk-jzhSotFxq2qtLB1aspz0yNajIP7Tfx9fJ01NCe_Prby1DKkPIpK-ahk6bbylpD9MpCFrIHHhdW0kn12mzCkmQkQOGzJ-J12" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="455" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">  </span></div> <div style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span id="docs-internal-guid-750b5f6e-ec8d-6f65-f9bb-def6534fd927"></span></div> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Any update to the screen, such as the input cursor blinking, would previously require the whole tile to be re-rendered (left). When only a few pixels have changed, Chrome can now redraw only the modified region (right).</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In addition to intelligently optimizing its workload, Chrome is now better at choosing how it completes that work given the underlying hardware. While video and canvas elements have been </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2012/02/gpu-accelerating-2d-canvas-and-enabling.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">GPU accelerated for a long time</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Chrome is constantly getting better at utilizing the GPU for more challenging rendering tasks. On Android, Mac, and Windows, Chrome now better utilizes GPU acceleration for complex site content rendering. This improves animation performance, input latency, and scroll smoothness for modern SVG and HTML5 pages.</span></div> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">There are many different dimensions to speed, and we’re committed to continually improving Chrome’s performance and enabling developers to optimize their user experience to hit 60fps. The rendering pipeline is only one piece of the puzzle, and we’ve got a lot more coming. Stay tuned as we continue taking deep dives into performance and steadily make the web faster and more responsive for all Chrome users.</span></div> <br /> <br /> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posted by Chris Harrelson, Painting Professional</span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Performance improvements in Chrome's rendering pipeline&url=https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/performance-improvements-in-chromes.html&via=ChromiumDev'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/performance-improvements-in-chromes.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/performance-improvements-in-chromes.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='809409182539494591' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/reload-reloaded-faster-and-leaner-page_26.html' itemprop='url' title='Reload, reloaded: faster and leaner page reloads'> Reload, reloaded: faster and leaner page reloads </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Thursday, January 26, 2017 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 30pt; margin-top: -1pt;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reload has </span><a href="http://www.viola.org/viola/vw/help_motif.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">long been</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> a staple feature of web browsers and kept its original behavior throughout the years, despite the changing landscape of web platform innovations, connectivity, and content consumption patterns. When reloading a page, browsers will check with the web server if cached resources are still usable, a process known as validation. This typically results in </span><a href="http://httparchive.org/interesting.php#reqTotal" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">hundreds of network requests per page</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> issued to </span><a href="http://httparchive.org/trends.php#numDomains&maxDomainReqs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dozens of domains</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. On mobile devices, the </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/mobile#adapting-to-high-latency-mobile-networks" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">high latency</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and transient nature of mobile connections mean that this behavior can produce serious performance issues. In the latest version of Chrome, changes to page reload behavior produce reloads that are 28% faster and result in 60% fewer validation requests.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Users typically reload either because a page is broken or the content seems stale. The existing reload behavior usually solves broken pages, but stale content is inefficiently addressed by a regular reload, especially on mobile. This feature was originally designed in times when broken pages were quite common, so it was reasonable to address both use cases at once. However, this original concern has now become far less relevant as the quality of web pages has increased. To improve the stale content use case, Chrome now has a simplified reload behavior to only validate the main resource and continue with a regular page load. This new behavior maximizes the reuse of cached resources and results in lower latency, power consumption, and data usage.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/FhgcPjM16TE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="420" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FhgcPjM16TE?feature=player_embedded" width="500"></iframe></div> <br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite being a relatively minor change, the new behavior makes reloads up to 28% faster and consume less bandwidth and power. Furthermore, Facebook contacted us with data showing that Chrome was sending validation requests at three times the rate of other browsers. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Thanks to the new reload behavior and some related changes, Facebook now reports </span><a href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/557147474482256" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">28% faster page reloads and 60% less validation requests</a> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">from Chrome. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">We hope this faster reload will come in handy whenever you want to get the latest content on your favorite website or quickly recover from a flaky connection in the subway. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posted by Takashi Toyoshima, “Reloader Sensei”</span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 30pt; margin-top: -1pt;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reload has </span><a href="http://www.viola.org/viola/vw/help_motif.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">long been</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> a staple feature of web browsers and kept its original behavior throughout the years, despite the changing landscape of web platform innovations, connectivity, and content consumption patterns. When reloading a page, browsers will check with the web server if cached resources are still usable, a process known as validation. This typically results in </span><a href="http://httparchive.org/interesting.php#reqTotal" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">hundreds of network requests per page</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> issued to </span><a href="http://httparchive.org/trends.php#numDomains&maxDomainReqs" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dozens of domains</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. On mobile devices, the </span><a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/mobile#adapting-to-high-latency-mobile-networks" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">high latency</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and transient nature of mobile connections mean that this behavior can produce serious performance issues. In the latest version of Chrome, changes to page reload behavior produce reloads that are 28% faster and result in 60% fewer validation requests.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br class="kix-line-break" /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Users typically reload either because a page is broken or the content seems stale. The existing reload behavior usually solves broken pages, but stale content is inefficiently addressed by a regular reload, especially on mobile. This feature was originally designed in times when broken pages were quite common, so it was reasonable to address both use cases at once. However, this original concern has now become far less relevant as the quality of web pages has increased. To improve the stale content use case, Chrome now has a simplified reload behavior to only validate the main resource and continue with a regular page load. This new behavior maximizes the reuse of cached resources and results in lower latency, power consumption, and data usage.</span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/FhgcPjM16TE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="420" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FhgcPjM16TE?feature=player_embedded" width="500"></iframe></div> <br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite being a relatively minor change, the new behavior makes reloads up to 28% faster and consume less bandwidth and power. Furthermore, Facebook contacted us with data showing that Chrome was sending validation requests at three times the rate of other browsers. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Thanks to the new reload behavior and some related changes, Facebook now reports </span><a href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/557147474482256" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">28% faster page reloads and 60% less validation requests</a> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">from Chrome. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">We hope this faster reload will come in handy whenever you want to get the latest content on your favorite website or quickly recover from a flaky connection in the subway. </span><br /> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.3333px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Posted by Takashi Toyoshima, “Reloader Sensei”</span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Reload, reloaded: faster and leaner page reloads&url=https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/reload-reloaded-faster-and-leaner-page_26.html&via=ChromiumDev'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' 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href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/incognito'> incognito </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/insecure%20forms'> insecure forms </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/intent%20to%20explain'> intent to explain </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ios'> ios </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ios%20Chrome'> ios Chrome </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/issue%20tracker'> issue tracker </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/jank'> jank </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/javascript'> javascript </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lab%20data'> lab data </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/labelling'> labelling </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/largest%20contentful%20paint'> largest contentful paint </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/launch'> launch </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lazy-loading'> lazy-loading </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lighthouse'> lighthouse </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/linux'> linux </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Lite%20Mode'> Lite Mode </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Lite%20pages'> Lite pages </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/loading%20interventions'> loading interventions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/loading%20optimizations'> loading optimizations </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lock%20icon'> lock icon </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/long-tail'> long-tail </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mac'> mac </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/manifest%20v3'> manifest v3 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/metrics'> metrics </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/microsoft%20edge'> microsoft edge </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mixed%20forms'> mixed forms </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mobile'> mobile </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/na'> na </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/native%20client'> native client </a> <span dir='ltr'> 8 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/native%20file%20system'> native file system </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/New%20Features'> New Features </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/notifications'> notifications </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/octane'> octane </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/open%20web'> open web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/origin%20trials'> origin trials </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pagespeed%20insights'> pagespeed insights </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pagespeedinsights'> pagespeedinsights </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/passwords'> passwords </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payment%20handler'> payment handler </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payment%20request'> payment request </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payments'> payments </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/performance'> performance </a> <span dir='ltr'> 20 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/performance%20tools'> performance tools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/permission%20UI'> permission UI </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/permissions'> permissions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/play%20store'> play store </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/portals'> portals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/prefetching'> prefetching </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/privacy'> privacy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/privacy%20sandbox'> privacy sandbox </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/private%20prefetch%20proxy'> private prefetch proxy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/profile%20guided%20optimization'> profile guided optimization </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/progressive%20web%20apps'> progressive web apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Project%20Strobe'> Project Strobe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/protection'> protection </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pwa'> pwa </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/QUIC'> QUIC </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/quieter%20permissions'> quieter permissions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/releases'> releases </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/removals'> removals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/rlz'> rlz </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/root%20program'> root program </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/safe%20browsing'> safe browsing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Secure%20DNS'> Secure DNS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/security'> security </a> <span dir='ltr'> 36 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/site%20isolation'> site isolation </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/slow%20loading'> slow loading </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/sms%20receiver'> sms receiver </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spam%20policy'> spam policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spdy'> spdy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spectre'> spectre </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/speed'> speed </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ssl'> ssl </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/store%20listing'> store listing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/strobe'> strobe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/subscription%20pages'> subscription pages </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/suspicious%20site%20reporter%20extension'> suspicious site reporter extension </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/TCP'> TCP </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/the%20fast%20and%20the%20curious'> the fast and the curious </a> <span dir='ltr'> 23 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/TLS'> TLS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/tools'> tools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/tracing'> tracing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/transparency'> transparency </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/trusted%20web%20activities'> trusted web activities </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/twa'> twa </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/user%20agent%20string'> user agent string </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/user%20data%20policy'> user data policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/v8'> v8 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 6 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/video'> video </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/wasm'> wasm </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web'> web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20apps'> web apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20assembly'> web assembly </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20developers'> web developers </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20intents'> web intents </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20packaging'> web packaging </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20payments'> web payments </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20platform'> web platform </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20request%20api'> web request api </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20vitals'> web vitals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web.dev'> web.dev </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web.dev%20live'> web.dev live </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webapi'> webapi </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webassembly'> webassembly </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webaudio'> webaudio </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webgl'> webgl </a> <span dir='ltr'> 7 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webkit'> webkit </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/WebM'> WebM </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webmaster'> webmaster </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webp'> webp </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webrtc'> webrtc </a> <span dir='ltr'> 6 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/websockets'> websockets </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webtiming'> webtiming </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/writable-files'> writable-files </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/yerba%20beuna%20center%20for%20the%20arts'> yerba beuna center for the arts </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogArchive' data-version='1' id='BlogArchive1'> <div class='tab'> <i class='material-icons icon'>  </i> <h2> Archive </h2> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </div> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='ArchiveList'> <div id='BlogArchive1_ArchiveList'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2025/'> 2025 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2025/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span 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class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/'> 2023 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li 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href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/'> 2022 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> 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Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/'> May </a> 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class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/'> 2020 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/'> 2019 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2019/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/'> 2018 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/'> 2017 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div 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class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/'> 2016 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> 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class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> 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class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2014/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2013/'> 2013 </a> </div> <div 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class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2013/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2013/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/'> 2012 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/12/'> Dec </a> </div> 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class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/'> 2011 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' 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href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/'> 2010 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> 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class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate 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