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The Evolution and Impact of RNA-Based Vaccines in Modern Medicine – Vaccine Studies
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id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-64" class="post-64 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-rna-vaccines tag-drug-delivery tag-mrna-vaccines tag-rna tag-rna-vaccines tag-sars-cov2 tag-vaccination tag-vaccine" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://vaccine-studies.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/image-_23__1-min-scaled-e1726234089534.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">The Evolution and Impact of RNA-Based Vaccines in Modern Medicine</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-13T18:58:17+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 13, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-13T15:31:19+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 13, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://vaccine-studies.com/archive/author/vaccine-studies/" title="View all posts by vaccine-studies" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">vaccine-studies</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vaccines that have been manufactured can be regarded as one of the biggest achievements in medical science, as they have significantly aided in the fight against diseases. Among all the available vaccine technologies, RNA-based vaccines, with their possibility of revolutionizing vaccination, have become very significant, especially concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccines make use of the buyer’s individuality to create specific antigens that cause an immune response in the body. In a similar manner as mRNA, RNA vaccines employ the concept of developing a vaccine that includes the recipe for producing viral proteins within the person’s cells. This approach has not only accelerated the process of creating vaccines for new and re-emerging infectious diseases but also may be used to tackle many other diseases, such as cancers and genetically inherited diseases.</span></p> <h3><b>The Mechanism Behind RNA Vaccines</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">RNA vaccines are designed to provide a replication of incompetent synthetic RNA of the mRNA within the virus that encodes a viral protein, usually the spike protein in the case of COVID-19 vaccines. It then enters the cells of the human organism, and the vegetable mRNA is then translated into the viral proteins. This protein is then transported to the cell’s surface and is apprehended by the immune system of the body, launching an immune response. This response encompasses producing antibodies and stimulating T cells that assist in the prevention of infection if the person is exposed to the real virus in the future.</span></p> <h3><b>Historical Context and Development</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The general idea of employing RNA for therapeutic purposes was developed a long time ago, but it has been met with several issues. The Cytokine project in the early 1990s probed significant outcomes, but due to some pitfalls like RNA instability and delivery challenges. However, the above challenges are now an issue of the past due to the progress in biotechnology, especially in the creation of lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of RNA.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The actualization of such opportunities has been realized through the advances in and implementations of mRNA vaccines in the current COVID-19 outbreak. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna manufactured vaccines within a relatively short time; they provided high efficacy rates in clinical trials and received emergency use authorization globally. Mentioned below are some of the highly effective vaccines that have changed the tide in minimizing the cases of COVID-19 and have opened doors for other RNA treatment solutions.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/publication-trends/index/rna vaccines" target="_blank" title="rna vaccines - yearwise publication trends">rna vaccines</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 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For instance, current vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna worked with about 95% efficiency in performing symptomatic COVID-19 illness. In addition, these vaccines are multivalent, and they have demonstrated favorable safety profiles across age demographics. The side effects that are usually presented are usually not serious, do not last long, and may include pain at the site of injection, exhaustion, and a slight fever.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">First of all, the use of mRNA vaccines is also effective in combating different types of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Research shows that although this may be slightly lower compared to that of the original strain, or the Delta or Omicron forms, the created vaccines still offer good protection against severe illnesses and hospitalization. This is a major strength because it is easy and relatively quick to alter an mRNA vaccine once the new variant or a novel virus targets the human body.</span></p> <h3><b>Broader Implications and Applications</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This experience indeed has created interest in the application of mRNA vaccines for purposes other than the prevention of infectious diseases. There is active research on applying RNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy; they may be used to induce an immune response against tumor-associated antigens. It might provide a more effective way of treating different types of cancer; if not cured totally, a longer lifespan may be assured.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, there is the development of RNA vaccines for the therapy of other viral diseases, including rabies, influenza, and Zika virus. The fact that it is possible to swiftly create and manufacture these vaccines proves that they could be the solution to the outbreaks of new strains of diseases.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/recent-publications/index/rna vaccines" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="rna vaccines - yearwise publication list">rna vaccines</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 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(!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951882", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Protection Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Recombinants and Chicken-Selected Vaccine Subpopulations.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38885050", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO CANINE DISTEMPER VACCINATION IN WILD CAUGHT RACCOONS ().", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38875203", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Safety concern of recombination between self-amplifying mRNA vaccines and viruses is mitigated in vivo.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38894543", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Detection of Viral RNA and DNA and Immune Response Following Administration of Live Attenuated Measles and Varicella Vaccines in Children with Chronic Liver Disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38901562", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Formulation of next-generation polyvalent vaccine candidates against three important poxviruses by targeting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase using an integrated immunoinformatics and molecular modeling approach.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38865776", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Supercoiled DNA percentage: A key in-process control of linear DNA template for mRNA drug substance manufacturing.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948330", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Exploring the Impact of mRNA Modifications on Translation Efficiency and Immune Tolerance to Self-Antigens.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38932353", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A novel multitargeted self-assembling peptide-siRNA complex for simultaneous inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-host cell interaction and replication.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38939051", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Vaccine Platform Comparison: Protective Efficacy against Lethal Marburg Virus Challenge in the Hamster Model.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39126087", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Genetic characterization of group A rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Kericho County Referral Hospital, Kenya.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39119109", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "DNA Electrotransfer Regulates Molecular Functions in Skeletal Muscle.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39119567", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Discovery of -Dimethyl-hydroxymethylpyridine Derivatives as Potent Non-nucleoside RSV Polymerase Inhibitors.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39105710", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Effective Synthesis of High-Integrity mRNA Using In Vitro Transcription.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38893337", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine Compared to Placebo in Preventing COVID-19 Infection among 12-17 Years Old: A Systematic Review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38882914", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Capsid virus-like particle display improves recombinant influenza neuraminidase antigen stability and immunogenicity in mice.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38883830", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "3D Puzzle at the Nanoscale-how do RNA Viruses Self-Assemble their Capsids into Perfectly Ordered Structures.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38864315", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Multi-omics analysis reveals COVID-19 vaccine induced attenuation of inflammatory responses during breakthrough disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38649734", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Induro-RT mediated circRNA-sequencing (IMCR-seq) enables comprehensive profiling of full-length and long circular RNAs from low input total RNA.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850158", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "New Generation Self-Replicating RNA Vaccines Derived from Pestivirus Genome.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38814391", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["RNA vaccines","mRNA technology","COVID-19","vaccine efficacy","lipid nanoparticles","cancer immunotherapy","infectious diseases","vaccine development","public health"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Challenges and Future Directions</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">All the same, RNA vaccines have their challenges to tackle, as follows: another of them is very low-temperature storage, which brings the problem of transportation, especially in developing countries. There is ongoing alternative research for the creation of a reinforcing formula that will be stable at standard fridge temperatures.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another obstacle is stakeholders’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, including the general population. It is sad that even after the establishment of the effectiveness and safety of RNA vaccines, there are negativities, especially on the vaccines, which are fuelled mostly by negative propaganda. Great efforts have to be employed in the production of health information and educating the public on the outcomes of these vaccines.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is likely to be ongoing future research on stabilizing and delivering RNA vaccines and on extending the uses of RNA vaccines. Nanoparticle technology and other delivery systems to solve current and future problems Technology and system improvement will make possibilities for future development. Furthermore, repeated screening and changes to the variants will be the key to the effectiveness of RNA vaccines in the prevention of COVID-19 or any other diseases.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">RNA-based vaccines—the just-outlined adaptations of vaccines—signify a giant step forward in the science of vaccination. These rollouts at a fast pace, enormous accuracy, and versatility have been useful in the eradication of COVID-19 and have potential in different medical fields. With ever-growing research and development in the advancement of life, RNA vaccines are the future of medicine in combating IS, cancer, and other diseases in the future.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li> <div class="citation-text">Skowronski DM, Setayeshgar S, Zou M, Prystajecky N, Tyson JR, Galanis E, Naus M, Patrick DM, Sbihi H, El Adam S, Henry B, Hoang LMN, Sadarangani M, Jassem AN, Krajden M. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34244723/">Single-dose mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Including Alpha and Gamma Variants: A Test-negative Design in Adults 70 Years and Older in British Columbia, Canada.</a> Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 9;74(7):1158-1165. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab616. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 3;76(7):1347. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac607. PMID: 34244723; PMCID: PMC8406884.</div> </li> <li>Heath, P.T., Galiza, E.P., Baxter, D.N., Boffito, M., Browne, D., Burns, F., Chadwick, D.R., Clark, R., Cosgrove, C., Galloway, J. and Goodman, A.L., 2021. <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21256639v1">Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 vaccine against the B. 1.1. 7 variant.</a> <i>MedRxiv</i>, pp.2021-05.</li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, Robertson C, Stowe J, Tessier E, Simmons R, Cottrell S, Roberts R, O’Doherty M, Brown K, Cameron C, Stockton D, McMenamin J, Ramsay M. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33985964/">Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study.</a> BMJ. 2021 May 13;373:n1088. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1088. PMID: 33985964; PMCID: PMC8116636.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Parry H, Tut G, Bruton R, Faustini S, Stephens C, Saunders P, Bentley C, Hilyard K, Brown K, Amirthalingam G, Charlton S, Leung S, Chiplin E, Coombes NS, Bewley KR, Penn EJ, Rowe C, Otter A, Watts R, D’Arcangelo S, Hallis B, Makin A, Richter A, Zuo J, Moss P. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586068/">mRNA vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with cross neutralization of P.1 Brazilian variant.</a> Elife. 2021 Sep 29;10:e69375. doi: 10.7554/eLife.69375. PMID: 34586068; PMCID: PMC8500710.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Yadav PD, Sapkal GN, Abraham P, Ella R, Deshpande G, Patil DY, Nyayanit DA, Gupta N, Sahay RR, Shete AM, Panda S, Bhargava B, Mohan VK. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33961693/">Neutralization of Variant Under Investigation B.1.617.1 With Sera of BBV152 Vaccinees.</a> Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Jan 29;74(2):366-368. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab411. PMID: 33961693.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Thompson MG, Burgess JL, Naleway AL, Tyner HL, Yoon SK, Meece J, Olsho LEW, Caban-Martinez AJ, Fowlkes A, Lutrick K, Kuntz JL, Dunnigan K, Odean MJ, Hegmann KT, Stefanski E, Edwards LJ, Schaefer-Solle N, Grant L, Ellingson K, Groom HC, Zunie T, Thiese MS, Ivacic L, Wesley MG, Lamberte JM, Sun X, Smith ME, Phillips AL, Groover KD, Yoo YM, Gerald J, Brown RT, Herring MK, Joseph G, Beitel S, Morrill TC, Mak J, Rivers P, Harris KM, Hunt DR, Arvay ML, Kutty P, Fry AM, Gaglani M. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33793460/">Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers – Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021.</a> MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Apr 2;70(13):495-500. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e3. 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PMID: 33901420; PMCID: PMC8064669.</div> </li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">rna vaccines</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://vaccine-studies.com/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://vaccine-studies.com/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "0WSDK4wBWBy50K-rhTSs": { "aid": "0WSDK4wBWBy50K-rhTSs", "name": "I. 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