CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91356a8e1f8f497f',cH: 'JwlpjEzv4yb3uhzKSAPi5UAcDcq72ZYPsgAU9YOxhHE-1739791520-1.2.1.1-jMTlCA5FrmhpeacDnMaRY1C3rpkwGpM3.lRGqxSgBIKeP0z1g8qUUx1ztKT_lAN1',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electronic%20conductivity&__cf_chl_tk=pbzVuLMhUjzXt2GOtv..kLjcgnwDQI.ff6e6y3h2KiE-1739791520-1.0.1.1-IT7z8GJCtrTHTAUGOlM2ihzKfbmCUYNQqxG_lkX6xFA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791520',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=electronic%20conductivity&__cf_chl_f_tk=pbzVuLMhUjzXt2GOtv..kLjcgnwDQI.ff6e6y3h2KiE-1739791520-1.0.1.1-IT7z8GJCtrTHTAUGOlM2ihzKfbmCUYNQqxG_lkX6xFA",md: ".824Sr9ISWILaAIkMRn.Yx4G40Mud6DzBo3lIOwlIu8-1739791520-1.2.1.1-r2MMJ2bM9of7iwLThlBwT24d7RIVdGijNPiwqqVZRfyZTzMcyYWRheFg7PXA3i5C8j7U9lc2GalEJ5dk0SuoK43v7Snk8_ZKmyxg.IhLfiRIshNyzy_gkp6JQneg9zItyyRYlwOpDUa8x7HwEJbiZetEThpDTo7nHFaklaihJ_QzA6pQ7RN5SjZYM1hoqg9N4WfNki48o76pEKlbzC7jcN7LoUUEtNBe..i8nbmP8jPtqIXvGTvw0iuNMCaJj7UOLghDWCY.Mi4sa5CwrN0XZUw5GcVfu4M6Nafy20N_XaJFd04eMHKBJ3YZnGLZ6CkRG_KGE64P2h5lxmdDTVolJ.peBjmNFlC5cyAuk6mI9koxb44LeROVzg5lOq1u0doNZSNWQ0.hTPg9WsMqPz0laAD_qVSOm0QrQ_Wznw6CrofvArdhqjXlWkfp5MUqb79W9N0WiXu82g9N8WuFDF8O.Laa7pA.geUIMFT28SMKFZf7WvqM5Ac.LHKK4.1K6Gl7aZDRkCgKCXW_AHjZgDFLKM4KRYGgIBAOeYjBOF_jeQKzNV_BtzDXrr9HYyP3cm.BAzQgkmHpU8pEYewbQOxhLHYkFTkpFKTFCi4xpzOEXa58cp5HP6UguVVfShwtc1P7qr2F.x_IDwehkGZ3kRls_JX8olcFXYAhMvk8vi08sZywCQ.PbknABJQ8wNP5HtiYMQ.XYOlnTOCXadshkdnKl1Re4HV1Mjkh8j1u3l6ZW7EHUMbMrXLCGZZ3cP6K.NxMGHbTo78Ya6o8YKIksSssvc7dnJh4940EfNcBQ96npgVC8_C.KIS2Po29snfYE7TWfD4P5FRU5909Ylo6yBWkINSty_lCMcWNbwdqzBtroFAsicaGLuvq8TPjGdd9n1WcL5l08NN6fo_jYKhmmMyQiggdOAKXRgVRbVDKkSU149I87iqqyDD98wWddLgWF4BVxpeiGrgSM5SkKLNsQe9sfgln60BC51OYKTWfjea5oNJrGPoPMlaLRFrBbR0z_8q3wATWPpmJOKq5oP0FDc748jYPJFQ3iDLq45B.biVHEGa5ZNYMCTb0YmWNg6kCJjgWDkSeE6cGrb6HjaHJFyx6sER7ELELvr6y.GwRcdLQNOKsyM1Ng57TtLPUr2a9FgTSnfGf41oNWFq28MLvUHUN3yPgiFVVQKD1HGGJtQx6aFXG8CRt4ARIr6n7ftARKV.ASRB1kvcNKpvhxAYvEukCAZLo7dmiuKMuJBLN4HSRrV4FTKzBL0OfqvRTqKrDV63MjdM2ee4E_wAlRtKL9etBROdiDNM8b6COYeLwVP4WvAZPaM.F9dkww0us._Vd7fk0BbroqO7sUpHJiaUL._sAG8m67V18hlHadvQq8zmKYJUoFzRW.8uD8iEZktjINjLKadmeKPCsvFi2igvHSQa3Dnqg3rSJJUdWwhk6oAnsW3Bx_RUgeCGVl68y5oevwvfaBgbD5Az_m07T0Cgze4K3B_M05b2tYrx1QXJuwCRHcI2K2J2as2tqWrZB2OY4IwjfQ05mFt9wu3ycorVSAo4QsuACRJJYYPO0RPM8UijRtshSrdCz.90OyHePgNSvgeBrs7Rsb9B5h0fFAX2wRDeaLIt6sWHgzS5zEjFxjlcRekd83n.Ox3o5fEGd67FvCNPo3cn.oYp0lcoIlUHnBZtHbtChBRf1hLl8Y3ZpyI5cvA7O8RijFbQ04QWgsA.rOlLDdK2YZ07JLJKFQB7PfeplqwO.kq6dQoXYOfQthTc8xt3_fxVcZwypTkTVql.iJuDTtHY4mUankuiW7Lc178HNNzHNR3Xl.j3uenpSWJ6iZAKIj71mSQrj.o0myxSz_XfdZHu0NwIg1L.VgVKWEsXKU2_TK9iA_gjgzEOVMzIpAu3wcK2GKSPFCFs_lOxGbFLqa4HoOVpDoPk4uy3ro9pCO2vEZaXp5.pVreQqFR5aKqpJLBTAPu4glrPNaHpL1Eee",mdrd: "KVvnWffgmjIepCbCrKI3NTgegg7ZBFlLz1dbVuJgN.w-1739791520-1.2.1.1-b7l2IPuo4a8NummvO3_RQd96bIKCgGBpfXVSEiYJxbosJODq3LP8b2tv.LE4eHkJeRfOe4J2bsPAbWVa1X0n3TekHzVjYDZCDK1t2NVsI.rhfzcdyZsyCayMPas6RDkh17DW4IKie1yO4V45fVFUxMqIkXrM.jZINlwucOJczMubvOGakeVAi9oV3I1tj6RSCdgx4w18G5JSOpSv4WUIYPV0qjUpcF9UVgcohxFlyC2qaSEV0DMFNqtz6._1B_PzZbpwsuCx25QjuB7wAHrORuO.z6eic5U0.s_GENr3sXidXFbjYc.KQwUlJcYHpwE9A7G7yUrRRSgCfwc3F8mGouQprGe6i.alcJ.OXPv81PxpdlVUdRo7n.mSA4WmG0ZvUXF9RMNHqwr5fEL06QiNVIBmod6rmDTzHBjXG.KnrAzUxHJsuJJ5StwBVy94A9BN9PbtOkSBZSLyuWJIldr6aY_nfMZ7KC3f0XVin6TvpbWQQupYkK7bbo7LSWEM2.rqrKf_vwH5v1VnWTuhIP75drbOvL_GxTm3X3yMb9QLyC.mvaFjmFoMMLzErfGQ0Apm80IUGUq1uzRCDwC0CqlIwQzWhnmV1ZcnjnDCMMAedyJ6dHTVosHhjx1.uXQTaLqmJq6Ln6QfWdwbGxt0hVlFrbT6mHMDwk2HGaScuNRw8eWNvrxjeNu4GCoOQL.0.RPyCem0JG1xvIvfGs6B3o.uO7_RRXr7HkImsl9dxbMIOof63l6hFCD4qskMO3rM2Mlj4ilMaSYMKAbyV0BcrOOPTKjH0NGPR.WUcMlBboLtqUf8Bk6.XH_f04KLxNS.ygD4qYhmvICS3AZ0b5ja6POytfM0ykh47Nke_vEzlEeKVK9HDAAR.1fWmwIG7mbJi5iI1X4hTY7bsgnTkjKWzo5Nt4S2dRSNVOsmUOQnEdh5jqumdV_NpyFAvgGMwxBSGE.6NdpMKx0w3aTAmjSH3Fl.pnJA6wdT8ps1oR1LUAh6xAiZA7KjVxt8v6inb6GB_YJgyDFtwSJFvnXuz2XUus146FQJOcr.x1r5foy3T4vymAD79TTmxdcr.2a5BXWWgOKZGXSVK9EZOP94os6hwHG_Kl4ZUB5q5sNM94MmhzjZiIJwNSsl.sYGNfM_Vb3ck20MiFspKQAs9LkxBVwiyg5lIFo_K83F1gwPI46p2kRF.e4Y23ypx.a4ShHqHy9PgMCJg08lr18UNj.u05xD7yGrTeS3avUaGInnfR4ZbRJEbGp3LxB7u1BGv.IEhD58XA8lx.h9aRReejogURKu49a.m3UeRaUXwmUPZlVTu5LEMhRRFtGR7QjiZvsLf.1Mm8SHBHA_nv5RUDgDrqcSUYsa1YzZQOCorGDOCfZf_HkNm6kj00ormOgcGEXjq08JmX6cwOdL2IVv58xhSHiozK.UDkI8kFjYJsastL8rMx3._YUE6ANLxoBbS1LukL_oSqD57l.ofo4cgdCTSjMm.5s.hChI4K4ENaYGPEWrkXv3NobInp8vERlpPh.rcv_mF3OEqi65O0y0nF1NbKRT1Jfb57F0XryCshndOwYdsVWU8rMahrHSri2dquhLlFYzecKbP.dhFa.Gp5d2EErYX18AzdHEUKGwYmArKIT9IVMNcM.XazNNw8MOWphPxlyotR0CZpFs0yTWtDynmfTDWzVVFuFn5AualyJ6R8HgBVi78JPWOdui8XaMZJOnRne_DZt1wtA8N1Ro457.6KkuuvGe6SKPdRclH4Y5OqKgsKZi2yxkjLATlFY3NRlBJ4YOXiXeYYzERl2ruhhFF6A3mnyatzRzlE7qwiacP_r7KFc8T8cJXA7mnQMwXBNJIth8k_uL5f2KNWU6gy1yWsj3Y6IYXZs5Tqv1rKZG.6sUAvkpr.NXBjhfZoQnwwS5XAklDxwfVEKV.JU0ys0kdUW4WvbV6bFbB3aewojky086c38Ho4tccsZHPq2HyjOUP62RMQW2"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91356a8e1f8f497f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=electronic%20conductivity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=pbzVuLMhUjzXt2GOtv..kLjcgnwDQI.ff6e6y3h2KiE-1739791520-1.0.1.1-IT7z8GJCtrTHTAUGOlM2ihzKfbmCUYNQqxG_lkX6xFA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>