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mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-l%C3%AAng-tek_m%CC%84-bat-j%C4%AB" title="Ki-lêng-tek m̄-bat-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ki-lêng-tek m̄-bat-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Функционална неграмотност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Функционална неграмотност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetisme_funcional" title="Analfabetisme funcional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Analfabetisme funcional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_illiteracy" title="Functional illiteracy – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Functional illiteracy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetismo_funcional" title="Analfabetismo funcional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Analfabetismo funcional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetismo_funtzional" title="Analfabetismo funtzional – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Analfabetismo funtzional" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="سوادآموزی تابعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوادآموزی تابعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illettrisme" title="Illettrisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Illettrisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetismo_funcional" title="Analfabetismo funcional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Analfabetismo funcional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enwegh%E1%BB%8B_ike_%E1%BB%8Bg%E1%BB%A5_na_ide" title="Enweghị ike ịgụ na ide – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Enweghị ike ịgụ na ide" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buta_aksara_fungsional" title="Buta aksara fungsional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buta aksara fungsional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetismo_funzionale" title="Analfabetismo funzionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Analfabetismo funzionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנאלפביתיות תפקודית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנאלפביתיות תפקודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habadoana" title="Habadoana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Habadoana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laaggeletterdheid" title="Laaggeletterdheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Laaggeletterdheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="機能的非識字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="機能的非識字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetyzm_funkcjonalny" title="Analfabetyzm funkcjonalny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Analfabetyzm funkcjonalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetismo_funcional" title="Analfabetismo funcional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Analfabetismo funcional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktionelle_Analfabetismus" title="Funktionelle Analfabetismus – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Funktionelle Analfabetismus" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetism_func%C8%9Bional" title="Analfabetism funcțional – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Analfabetism funcțional" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Функциональная неграмотность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Функциональная неграмотность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabetizmi_funksional" title="Analfabetizmi funksional – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Analfabetizmi funksional" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analfabbitismu_funziunali" title="Analfabbitismu funziunali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Analfabbitismu funziunali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktionaalinen_lukutaidottomuus" title="Funktionaalinen lukutaidottomuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Funktionaalinen lukutaidottomuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funktionell_analfabetism" title="Funktionell analfabetism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Funktionell analfabetism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E6%96%87%E7%9B%B2" title="功能性文盲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="功能性文盲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E6%96%87%E7%9B%B2" title="功能性文盲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="功能性文盲" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segnale_incendio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Segnale_incendio.svg/220px-Segnale_incendio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Segnale_incendio.svg/330px-Segnale_incendio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Segnale_incendio.svg/440px-Segnale_incendio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Warning signs such as this one have been introduced to help people who have trouble with reading. This is a waring of <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> (and of <a href="/wiki/Flammable" class="mw-redirect" title="Flammable">flammable</a> substances).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Functional illiteracy</b> means that a person is not able to <a href="/wiki/Read" class="mw-redirect" title="Read">read</a>, <a href="/wiki/Write" class="mw-redirect" title="Write">write</a>, and do <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">math</a> well in regular life. Someone who is fully <a href="/wiki/Illiteracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiteracy">illiterate</a> can not read, write, or do math at all. Such people have perhaps never learnt how to read or write; perhaps they did not need to. A person who is functionally illiterate is different - at some point in their lives, these people were taught reading and writing skills. For different reasons, <a href="/wiki/Adult" title="Adult">adults</a> who are functionally illiterate try to avoid writing and reading as much as possible. That way, a person who is functionally illiterate may be able to write their name, but it is very difficult for them to write more than a few <a href="/wiki/Sentence" title="Sentence">sentences</a>. </p><p>These people have trouble functioning in modern <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>: when they are confronted with printed materials they cannot perform simple tasks such as filling out a <a href="/wiki/Form" title="Form">form</a>, understanding a <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contract</a>, following written instructions, reading a <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> article, <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">traffic signs</a>, consulting a <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a>, or understanding a <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> schedule. </p><p>Because of functional illiteracy, these people also have a lot of trouble using modern <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">communication technologies</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Links_with_poverty_and_crime">Links with poverty and crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Links with poverty and crime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Links with poverty and crime"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people who are functionally illiterate often have other problems as well: Other people may <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bully</a> them, they may have higher health risks, and stress. Because they cannot get good jobs, they often earn little money. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminology (not yet started)">Crime-researchers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologists</a> have talked about the link between functional illiteracy and <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_common_it_is">How common it is</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: How common it is" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: How common it is"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Business</i> magazine estimates that 15 million functionally illiterate adults had a job in the United States at the start of the 21st century. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Council_of_Life_Insurers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Council of Life Insurers (not yet started)">American Council of Life Insurers</a> reported that 75% of the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies provide some level of training to help their workers overcome this situation. All over the U.S 30 million - 14% of adults - are unable to perform simple and everyday literacy activities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Education_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center for Education Statistics (not yet started)">National Center for Education Statistics</a> has more detail.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This report sees three <a href="/wiki/Parameter" title="Parameter">parameters</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">document</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quantity" title="Quantity">quantitative</a> literacy. There are four levels for each parameter: below basic, basic, intermediate, and proficient. For prose literacy, for example, a below basic level of literacy means that a person can look at a short piece of text to get a small piece of uncomplicated information. Similarly, a person who is "below basic" in quantitative literacy might be able to add two numbers. </p><p>In the US, 14% of adults are at the "below basic" level for prose literacy; 12% are at the "below basic" level for document literacy; and 22% are at that level for quantitative literacy. Only 13% of the population is proficient in these three areas. In the terms of the study, "proficient" means these people are able to compare viewpoints in two <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorials</a>. They can interpret a table about <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, age, and physical activity. They can also compute and compare the cost per <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a> of food items. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i> (14 June 2006) "one in six British adults lacks the literacy skills of an 11-year-old". The UK government's Department for Education reported in 2006 that 47% of school children left school at age 16 without having achieved a basic level in functional maths, and 42% fail to achieve a basic level of functional English. Every year 100,000 pupils leave school functionally illiterate in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_findings">Research findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Research findings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Research findings"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Literacy at Work study, published by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northeast Institute (not yet started)">Northeast Institute</a> in 2001, found that business losses attributed to basic skill deficiencies run into billions of dollars a year due to low productivity, errors, and accidents attributed to functional illiteracy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociological</a> research has demonstrated that countries with lower levels of functional illiteracy among their adult populations tend to be those with the highest levels of scientific literacy among the lower stratum of young people nearing the end of their formal academic studies. This correspondence suggests that a contributing factor to a society's level of civic literacy is the capacity of schools to ensure students attain the functional literacy required to comprehend the basic texts and documents associated with competent <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_illiteracy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nces.ed.gov/naal/kf_demographics.asp">"National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Assessment+of+Adult+Literacy+%28NAAL%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fnaal%2Fkf_demographics.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFunctional+illiteracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/datafiles.asp">"Statistics of the US Center for National Education"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+of+the+US+Center+for+National+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2FNAAL%2Fdatafiles.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFunctional+illiteracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.guardian.co.uk/egweekly/story/0,,2122125,00.html">Sounds incredible</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sase.org/conf2001/papers/milner_henry.pdf">SASE - Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060629215446/http://www.sase.org/conf2001/papers/milner_henry.pdf">Archived</a> 2006-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Civic Literacy: How Informed Citizens Make Democracy Work Henry Milner, Umeå University and Université Laval, accessed May 2006</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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started)">Adolescent literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergent_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergent literacy (not yet started)">Emergent literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Family_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Family literacy (not yet started)">Family literacy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Functional illiteracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonics (not yet started)">Phonics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-literacy (not yet started)">Post-literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whole_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whole language (not yet started)">Whole language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by literacy rate (not yet started)">List of countries by literacy rate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literacy_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literacy in India (not yet started)">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literacy_in_Bihar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literacy in Bihar (not yet started)">Bihar</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literacy_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literacy in Tokelau (not yet started)">Tokelau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literacy_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literacy in Romania (not yet started)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literacy_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literacy in the United States (not yet started)">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Literacy_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Literacy Association (not yet started)">International Literacy Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Literacy_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Literacy Day (not yet started)">International Literacy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_of_Teachers_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council of Teachers of English (not yet started)">National Council of Teachers of English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Clay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Clay (not yet started)">Marie Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Johnson_Colvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin (not yet started)">Ruth Johnson Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Paul_Gee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Paul Gee (not yet started)">James Paul Gee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffith_Jones_(priest)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griffith Jones (priest) (not yet started)">Griffith Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Laubach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Laubach (not yet started)">Frank Laubach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Street" title="Brian Street">Brian Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultural literacy (not yet started)">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braille_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braille literacy (not yet started)">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon literacy (not yet started)">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Computer_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computer literacy (not yet started)">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Computational_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computational literacy (not yet started)">Computational</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical literacy (not yet started)">Critical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultural_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultural literacy (not yet started)">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Data literacy (not yet started)">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_literacy" title="Digital literacy">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaspora literacy (not yet started)">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecological_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecological literacy (not yet started)">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electracy (not yet started)">Electracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emotional_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emotional literacy (not yet started)">Emotional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faith_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faith literacy (not yet started)">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial literacy (not yet started)">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geo-literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geo-literacy (not yet started)">Geo-literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graph_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graph literacy (not yet started)">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health literacy (not yet started)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information literacy (not yet started)">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_literacies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information literacies (not yet started)">Information literacies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_and_media_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information and media literacy (not yet started)">Information and media</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal literacy (not yet started)">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_literacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media literacy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_health_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mental health literacy (not yet started)">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiliteracies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiliteracies (not yet started)">Multiliteracies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musical_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musical literacy (not yet started)">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeracy (not yet started)">Numeracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_Literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Object Literacy (not yet started)">Object</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_Health_Literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occupational Health Literacy (not yet started)">Occupational Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oracy (not yet started)">Oracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power literacy (not yet started)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical literacy (not yet started)">Physical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racial_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racial literacy (not yet started)">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious literacy (not yet started)">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific literacy (not yet started)">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social literacy (not yet started)">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistical_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistical literacy (not yet started)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technological_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technological literacy (not yet started)">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transliteracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transliteracy (not yet started)">Transliteracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visual literacy (not yet started)">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web literacy (not yet started)">Web</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliteracy" title="Aliteracy">Aliteracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asemic_writing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asemic writing (not yet started)">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">Children's literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_and_Jane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dick and Jane (not yet started)">Dick and Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">Dyslexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_test" title="Literacy test">Literacy test</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_consumption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media consumption (not yet started)">Media consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orality (not yet started)">Orality</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oral_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oral literature (not yet started)">Oral literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-literate_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-literate society (not yet started)">Post-literate society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing" 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