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title="President of Italy">President</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Meloni_government" title="Meloni government">Current Cabinet</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undersecretary_(Italy)" title="Undersecretary (Italy)">Undersecretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Italy" title="Ministry of the Republic of Italy">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="List of legislatures of the Italian Republic">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corte_d%27Assise" title="Corte d'Assise">Court of Assizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Code_of_Criminal_Procedure" title="Italian Code of Criminal Procedure">Code of Criminal Procedure</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_constitutional_importance_(Italy)" title="Institutions of constitutional importance (Italy)">Constitutional institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Economics_and_Labour" title="National Council for Economics and Labour">National Council for Economics and Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Italy)" title="Council of State (Italy)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(Italy)" title="Court of Audit (Italy)">Court of Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_the_Judiciary_(Italy)" title="High Council of the Judiciary (Italy)">High Council of the Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_Defence_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Council of Defence (Italy)">High Council of Defence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Italy">Constituent entities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:3.0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aosta_Valley" title="Politics of Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Piedmont" title="Politics of Piedmont">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lombardy" title="Politics of Lombardy">Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Veneto" title="Politics of Veneto">Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Politics of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-South Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Politics of Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Emilia-Romagna" title="Politics of Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liguria" title="Politics of Liguria">Liguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tuscany" title="Politics of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Umbria" title="Politics of Umbria">Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Marche" title="Politics of Marche">Marche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Molise" title="Politics of Molise">Molise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lazio" title="Politics of Lazio">Lazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abruzzo" title="Politics of Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Campania" title="Politics of Campania">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Apulia" title="Politics of Apulia">Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Basilicata" title="Politics of Basilicata">Basilicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Calabria" title="Politics of Calabria">Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sicily" title="Politics of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sardinia" title="Politics of Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Recent <a href="/wiki/Italian_general_elections" title="Italian general elections">general elections</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_general_election" title="2006 Italian general election">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Italian_general_election" title="2018 Italian general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Italian_general_election" title="2022 Italian general election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li>Recent <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">referendums</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Italian_fertility_laws_referendum" title="2005 Italian fertility laws referendum">2005 <span style="font-size:85%;">(fertility law)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2006 Italian constitutional referendum">2006 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Constitution)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Italian_electoral_law_referendum" title="2009 Italian electoral law referendum">2009 <span style="font-size:85%;">(electoral law)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Italian_referendums" title="2011 Italian referendums">2011 <span style="font-size:85%;">(multiple issues)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_oil_drilling_referendum" title="2016 Italian oil drilling referendum">April 2016 <span style="font-size:85%;">(oil drilling)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Italian constitutional referendum">December 2016 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Constitution)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2020 Italian constitutional referendum">2020 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Constitution)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2022_Italian_referendum" title="2022 Italian referendum">2022 <span style="font-size:85%;">(multiple issues)</span></a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies" title="List of Italian constituencies">Constituencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Technocratic_government_(Italy)" title="Technocratic government (Italy)">Technocratic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gazzetta_Ufficiale" title="Gazzetta Ufficiale"><i>Gazzetta Ufficiale</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(government journal)</span></a></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Italy" title="Template:Politics of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Politics of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>constitutional law</b>, in the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Italian legal system</a>, is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> that has the same strength as the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of Italy</a>. This means that in case of conflicts between the Constitution and a constitutional law, the latter normally prevails, according to the legal principle that "a later law repeals an earlier law" (<i>lex posterior derogat priori</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constitutional laws that alter or abolish portions of the text of the Constitution are also called <i>leggi di revisione costituzionale</i> (laws amending the Constitution). They are equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">amendments to the Constitution</a> of other legal systems (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="List of amendments to the United States Constitution">United States</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland">Ireland</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedure">Procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_laws_of_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of Italy</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Rigid_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigid Constitution">rigid constitution</a>, overrules other laws and cannot be repealed or amended by them.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 138 of the Constitution provides for a special procedure for the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Italy">Parliament</a> to adopt constitutional laws, including laws to amend the Constitution. Compared to other systems with rigid constitutions, the procedure to amend the Constitution of Italy is among the easiest and is a variation of the ordinary legislative procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ordinary procedure to adopt a law in Italy requires both houses of parliament to approve the law in the same text by a simple majority cast. Constitutional laws start by following the same procedure, but after being approved for the first time, they must be approved by both houses a second time, at least three months later. In the second reading, no new amendments to the bill may be proposed, but the bill must be approved or rejected in its entirety. </p><p>The constitutional law needs to be approved by a majority in each house in its second reading. Depending on the results of the second vote, the constitutional law may then follow two different paths: </p> <ul><li>If the bill is approved by a qualified majority of two thirds of members in both houses, it can be immediately <a href="/wiki/Promulgation" title="Promulgation">promulgated</a> by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President of Italy</a> and become law.</li> <li>If the bill is approved by a majority of members in each house but less than the two-thirds majority, it must first be published in the <a href="/wiki/Gazzetta_Ufficiale" title="Gazzetta Ufficiale">Official Gazette</a>, the official journal in which all Italian laws are published. Then, within three months after its publication, a constitutional <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> may be requested by 500,000 voters, five regional councils, or one fifth of the members of either house of parliament. If no constitutional referendum has been requested after the three months have elapsed, the bill can be promulgated and becomes law.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_referendum">Constitutional referendum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_laws_of_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Constitutional referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If a constitutional referendum is requested, the bill must be approved by a majority of votes cast by the whole electorate to become law. No <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> is required and so the referendum <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">turnout</a> has no effect on its validity, unlike in other forms of <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">referendums in Italy</a>. </p><p>Four constitutional referendums have ever been held in Italy. In <a href="/wiki/2001_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2001 Italian constitutional referendum">2001</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2020 Italian constitutional referendum">2020</a>, the constitutional laws were approved. In <a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2006 Italian constitutional referendum">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Italian constitutional referendum">2016</a>, they were rejected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limits">Limits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_laws_of_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are limits to the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution. One is established by Article 139 of the Constitution itself: the form of government of Italy, a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>, cannot be amended. That limit was introduced to protect the result of the <a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">institutional referendum in 1946</a> in which Italians voted to abolish the monarchy. That referendum had been held at the same time as the election of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly of Italy</a>. </p><p>The phrase "republican form (of government)" in Article 139 has been interpreted broadly. It is read to mean that the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> office cannot be hereditary but also the principle of <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a> is encapsulated. In other words, "republic" is interpreted to mean that the Italian Republic is also "democratic".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitutional Court has also stated in multiple judgments (starting with judgments no. 30 and 31 of 1971) that some principles contained in the Constitution are "supreme principles" (<i>principi supremi</i>), which cannot be repealed, even by amending the Constitution. Rights that the Constitution declares to be "inviolable" are examples of those supreme principles.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_laws_of_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table lists all constitutional laws adopted by Parliament since the coming into effect of the Constitution of 1948, including those that were later rejected in constitutional referendums (marked in red). </p><p>A particular category of constitutional laws is the special statutes of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">autonomous regions of Italy</a>. Since they are granted special conditions of autonomy, they are exceptions to the ordinary discipline of the Constitution, and special statutes may be adopted and amended only by constitutional laws. Those constitutional laws are marked in yellow in the table below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 200px;">Constitutional Law </th> <th style="width: 370px;">Title </th> <th style="width: 130px;">Articles amended </th> <th style="width: 200px;">Method of approval </th> <th>Content </th> <th>Official Gazette </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 9 February 1948 </td> <td><i>Rules regarding judgments on constitutional legitimacy and guarantees of the Constitutional Court's independence.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Constituent Assembly </td> <td>Expands on the rules for judgments in front of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court</a> and on the status of its judges. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 2, 26 February 1948 </td> <td><i>Conversion into constitutional law of the Statute of the region of Sicily.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Constituent Assembly<sup id="cite_ref-noref_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noref-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>fn 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Adopts the special Statute for the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 3, 26 February 1948 </td> <td><i>Special Statute for Sardinia.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Constituent Assembly<sup id="cite_ref-noref_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noref-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>fn 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Adopts the special Statute for the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 4, 26 February 1948 </td> <td><i>Special Statute for the Aosta Valley.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Constituent Assembly<sup id="cite_ref-noref_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noref-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>fn 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Adopts the special Statute for the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 5, 26 February 1948 </td> <td><i>Special Statute for Trentino-South Tyrol.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Constituent Assembly<sup id="cite_ref-noref_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noref-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>fn 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Adopts the special Statute for the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Trentino-South_Tyrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-South Tyrol">Trentino-South Tyrol</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 11 March 1953 </td> <td><i>Supplementary rules to the Constitution regarding the Constitutional Court.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Expands on the rules regarding the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Court">Constitutional Court</a> and the election of its judges. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 18 March 1958 </td> <td><i>Due date of “Transitory and Final Provisions,” no. XI</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Establishes 31 December 1963 as the deadline for Transitory and Final Provision no. XI of the Constitution (which provisionally allowed for the creation of new regions without using the procedure of Article 132 of the Constitution). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 9 March 1961 </td> <td><i>Allocation of three senators to the municipalities of Trieste, Duino Aurisina, Monrupino, Muggia, San Dorligo della Valle, and Sgonico.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Provisionally creates a new constituency for the election of the Senate, after the annexation of Zone A of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 1, 31 January 1963 </td> <td><i>Special Statute of the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Adopts the special Statute for the region of <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 2, 9 February 1963 </td> <td><i>Amendments to Articles 56, 57, and 60 of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>56, 57, 60 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Fixes the number of elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a> to 630 <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">deputies</a> and 315 <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">senators</a> (before this reform, their number was variable and depended on the population). Changes the term of the Senate from six to five years, the same as the Chamber of Deputies. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 3, 27 December 1963 </td> <td><i>Amendments to Articles 131 and 57 of the Constitution and creation of the region of “Molise”.</i> </td> <td>57, 131 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Splits the region of <a href="/wiki/Abruzzi_e_Molise" title="Abruzzi e Molise">Abruzzi e Molise</a> into two separate regions: <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>. The new region of Molise is allocated two senators in the Senate (fewer than the normal minimum of seven established for other regions). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 21 June 1967 </td> <td><i>Extradition for crimes of genocide.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Establishes that Article 10, last paragraph, and Article 26, last paragraph, of the Constitution (which prohibit the <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> for political crimes of aliens and citizens respectively) do not apply for crimes of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 2, 22 November 1967 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 135 of the Constitution and dispositions regarding the Constitutional Court.</i> </td> <td>135, VII </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Changes the term of the judges of the Constitutional Court from 12 to 9 years and makes them non re-electable. Expands on the rules for the election of the Constitutional Court. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 1, 10 November 1971 </td> <td><i>Amendments and integrations to the special Statute for Trentino-Alto Adige.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Amends the special Statute for the region of <a href="/wiki/Trentino-South_Tyrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-South Tyrol">Trentino-South Tyrol</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 1, 23 February 1972 </td> <td><i>Amendments to the terms of the Sicilian Regional Assembly and of regional councils of Sardinia, Aosta Valley, Trentino-Alto Adige, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Amends the special Statutes of all five autonomous regions regarding the election of their legislative bodies. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 1, 9 May 1986 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 16 of the special Statute for Sardinia, approved with Constitutional Law no. 3 of 26 February 1948, regarding the definition of the number of members of the Regional Council.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Fixes the number of the members of the Regional Council of Sardinia to 80 (before this reform, their number was variable and depended on the population). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 16 January 1989 </td> <td><i>Amendments to Articles 96, 134, and 135 of the Constitution and to Constitutional Law no. 1 of 11 March 1953, and rules regarding procedure for crimes under Article 96 of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>96, 134, 135 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Abolishes the special jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court</a> for crimes committed by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">prime ministers</a> and ministers. They are now to be tried in front of ordinary courts, but with the consent of the house of parliament they belong to (the Senate if they are not MPs). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 2, 3 April 1989 </td> <td><i>Call for an advisory referendum to confer a constituent mandate to the European Parliament due to be elected in 1989.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Allows for an <a href="/wiki/1989_Italian_advisory_referendum" title="1989 Italian advisory referendum">advisory referendum</a> to be called on the question of transforming the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> into a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and of allowing the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> to draft a <a href="/wiki/European_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European Constitution">European Constitution</a>. A constitutional law was needed because the Constitution does not provide for advisory referendums. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 3, 12 April 1989 </td> <td><i>Amendments and integrations to Constitutional Law no. 1 of 23 February 1972, regarding the term of office of the Sicilian Regional Assembly and of the regional councils of Sardinia, Aosta Valley, Trentino-Alto Adige, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Amendments to the special Statute for the Aosta Valley.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Amends the special Statutes of all five autonomous regions regarding the election of their legislative bodies. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 4 November 1991 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 88, second paragraph, of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>88 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Allows for an exception to the rule that the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President of Italy</a> cannot dissolve the Parliament during the last six months of his or her mandate: the prohibition does not apply if this period coincides, even in part, with the last six months of the Parliament's term. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 6 March 1992 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 79 of the Constitution regarding the concession of amnesties and pardons.</i> </td> <td>79 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Introduces a special procedure requiring a qualified majority of two-thirds in each house of parliament to adopt a law that grants <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesties</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardons</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 6 August 1993 </td> <td><i>Functions of the Parliamentary Committee for Institutional Reforms and rules of the procedure to amend the Constitution.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Gives mandate to a bicameral <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary committee">parliamentary committee</a> to draft a future amendment, regarding the second part of the Constitution and the electoral systems of the legislatures of Italy and ordinary regions. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 2, 23 September 1993 </td> <td><i>Amendments and integrations to the special Statutes for the Aosta Valley, Sardinia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Trentino-South Tyrol.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Various changes to the special Statutes of four out of five autonomous regions. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 3, 29 September 1993 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 68 of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>68 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Grants greater <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">immunities</a> to Members of Parliament and prohibits the <a href="/wiki/Lawful_interception" title="Lawful interception">interception</a> of Members of Parliament without the consent of the house they belong to. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 24 January 1997 </td> <td><i>Creation of a Parliamentary Commission for Constitutional Reforms.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Gives mandate to a bicameral <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary committee">parliamentary committee</a> to draft a future amendment, regarding the second part of the Constitution. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 22 November 1999 </td> <td><i>Dispositions regarding the direct election of the President of the regional government and the statutory autonomy of the regions.</i> </td> <td>121, 122, 123, 126 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Grants greater autonomy to regions with ordinary statutes. In particular, ordinary statutes are now regional laws adopted with a special procedure (before the reform, they needed to be converted into law by the Parliament) and the regional governments follow a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a> with a directly elected President (before the reform, they used a parliamentary model). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 2, 23 November 1999 </td> <td><i>Addition of the principles of fair trial to Article 111 of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>111 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Adds the principles of <a href="/wiki/Fair_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair trial">fair trial</a> to the text of Article 111 of the Constitution. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 17 January 2000 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 48 of the Constitution regarding the creation of the overseas electoral district for the exercise of the right to vote of Italian citizens residing abroad.</i> </td> <td>48 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Creates the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_constituencies_of_Italian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas constituencies of Italian Parliament">overseas electoral district</a> for the election of the Italian Parliament, reserving a number of seats (to be determined with a future constitutional law) in both houses to Italians residing abroad. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 23 January 2001 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Articles 56 and 57 of the Constitution regarding the number of deputies and senators representing Italians abroad.</i> </td> <td>56, 57 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Allocates 12 seats (out of 630) in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber</a> and 6 seats (out of 315) in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate</a> to Italians residing abroad. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 2, 31 January 2001 </td> <td><i>Dispositions regarding the direct election of the presidents of regions with special statute and of the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Amends the special Statutes of all five autonomous regions. It extends the direct election of the President to all autonomous regions and provinces, except for the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Trentino-South_Tyrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino-South Tyrol">Trentino-South Tyrol</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">autonomous province of Bolzano</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 3, 18 October 2001 </td> <td><i>Amendments to Title V of the second part of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124 (abolished), 125 (abolished), 127, 128 (abolished), 129 (abolished), 130 (abolished), 132 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); approved by <a href="/wiki/2001_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2001 Italian constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a> </td> <td>Reforms the second part of the Constitution, granting greater powers and autonomy to regions with ordinary statutes. This is most extensive reform to the Constitution to date, amending ten articles and abolishing five. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 23 October 2002 </td> <td><i>End of the effects of the first and second paragraphs of Transitory and Final Provision no. XIII of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>XIII </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Ends the effects of the first two paragraphs of Transitory and Final Provision no. XIII of the Constitution (which banishes most members and descendants of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> from Italy and prevents them from voting and being elected). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 30 May 2003 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 51 of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>51 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Imposes an obligation to the Italian Republic to take measures to ensure equal opportunities for women and men in the access to elective offices. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE8E8;"> <td>Published in <a href="/wiki/Gazzetta_Ufficiale" title="Gazzetta Ufficiale">G.U.</a> no. 269, 18 November 2005 </td> <td><i>Amendments to the second part of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 98-bis (added), 104, 114, 116, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 126, 127, 127-bis (added), 127-ter (added), 131, 133, 116, 135, 138 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); rejected by <a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2006 Italian constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a> </td> <td>Overhauls the overall system of government, giving more powers to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a>, transforming the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate</a> into a federal chamber, and making the Republic more <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 2 October 2007 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 27 of the Constitution, regarding the abolition of the death penalty.</i> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Abolishes the only exception to the ban of the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> (that of military laws in time of war). </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 20 April 2012 </td> <td><i>Introduction of the principle of balanced budget in the constitutional chart.</i> </td> <td>81, 97, 117, 119 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Adds a <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget_amendment" title="Balanced budget amendment">balanced budget amendment</a> to the Constitution. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 1, 7 February 2013 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 13 of the special Statute of the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Constitutional Law no. 1 of 31 January 1963.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Amends the special Statute for the region of <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>, regarding the election of the Regional Council. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 2, 7 February 2013 </td> <td><i>Amendment to Article 3 of the Statute of the region of Sicily, regarding the reduction of deputies in the Regional Sicilian Assembly. Transitory dispositions.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Amends the special Statute for the region of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, reducing the members of the Sicilian Assembly. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 3, 7 February 2013 </td> <td><i>Amendments to Articles 15 and 16 of the special Statute for the region of Sardinia, Constitutional Law no. 1 of 31 January 1963, regarding the composition and election of the Regional Council.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Amends the special Statute for the region of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, regarding the composition and election of the Regional Council. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE8E8;"> <td>Published in <a href="/wiki/Gazzetta_Ufficiale" title="Gazzetta Ufficiale">G.U.</a> no. 88, 15 April 2016 </td> <td><i>Provisions for overcoming equal bicameralism, reducing the number of Members of Parliament, limiting the operating costs of the institutions, the suppression of the CNEL and the revision of Title V of Part II of the Constitution.</i> </td> <td>48, 55, 57, 58 (abolished), 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 94, 96, 97, 99 (abolished), 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126, 132, 134, 135 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); rejected by <a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Italian constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a> </td> <td>Overhauls the system of government, making changes to the legislative procedure, to the composition and powers of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate</a>, and to the division of powers between State and ordinary regions. Abolishes the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">provinces</a> (except for the two autonomous provinces of <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trento</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">Bolzano</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Economics_and_Labour" title="National Council for Economics and Labour">CNEL</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFFFE6;"> <td>No. 1, 28 July 2016 </td> <td><i>Amendments to the special Statute of the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Constitutional Law no. 1 of 31 January 1963, regarding local entities, voting rights to the regional elections, and regional right of initiative.</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Amends the special Statute for the region of <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 19 October 2020 </td> <td><i>Amendments to articles 56, 57 and 59 of the Constitution regarding the reduction of the number of parliamentarians.</i> </td> <td>56, 57, 59 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); approved by <a href="/wiki/2020_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2020 Italian constitutional referendum">constitutional referendum</a> </td> <td>Reduces the number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 630 to 400 (8 of whom elected abroad), and the number of seats in the Senate from 315 to 200 (4 of whom elected abroad); the minimum number of senators per region is reduced from 7 to 3 (barring Molise and Valle d'Aosta, which retain 2 and 1, respectively); the number of incumbent <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">senators for life</a> appointed by Presidents of the Republic can never excess 5 in total. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 18 October 2021 </td> <td><i>Amendment to article 58 of the Constitution regarding senate election.</i> </td> <td>58 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Lowers the age to elect the senators from 25 to 18 years. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 1, 11 February 2022 </td> <td><i>Amendments to articles 9 and 41 of the Constitution regarding the protection of the environment.</i> </td> <td>9, 41 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (two-thirds majority) </td> <td>Introduces legal frameworks for the protection of the environment, the biodiversity, and the ecosystems. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DDFFDD;"> <td>No. 2, 7 November 2022 </td> <td><i>Amendment to article 119 of the Constitution regarding the recognition of the peculiarities of the islands and the overcoming of the disadvantages caused by insularity</i> </td> <td>119 </td> <td>Adopted by Parliament (absolute majority); constitutional referendum not requested </td> <td>Introduces a formal recognition of the disadvantages experienced by Italians who do not live in <a href="/wiki/Italian_peninsula" title="Italian peninsula">mainland Italy</a>, with a special focus on the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Note</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-noref-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noref_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noref_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noref_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noref_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Transitory and special provision no. XVII of the Constitution allowed the Constituent Assembly to adopt special regional statutes up until 31 January 1948.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_laws_of_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Italian constitutional referendum">2016 Italian constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2020 Italian constitutional referendum">2020 Italian constitutional referendum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_laws_of_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See definition of "legge costituzionale," <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.simone.it/newdiz/newdiz.php?action=view&id=991&dizionario=1">http://www.simone.it/newdiz/newdiz.php?action=view&id=991&dizionario=1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Bryce, "Flexible and Rigid Constitution", Studies in History and Jurisprudence. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1901, pp.124-213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), <i>Diritto costituzionale,</i> G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), <i>Diritto costituzionale,</i> G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), <i>Diritto costituzionale,</i> G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. No. 43, 20 February 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 58, 09-mar-1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 58, 09-mar-1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 59, 10-mar-1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 62, 13-mar-1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 62, 14-mar-1953</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 79, 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id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 262, 08-nov-1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 57, 09-mar-1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 186, 10-aug-1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 226, 25-sep-1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 256, 30-oct-1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.U. no. 22, 28-jan-1997</span> </li> <li 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