Attribute::Constant - Make read-only variables via attribute

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href="/pod/Test::More" title="Test::More" class="ellipsis">Test::More</a></li> <li><i class="ttip" title="dynamic_config enabled">and possibly others</i></li> <li> <hr> </li> <li> <a href="/module/Attribute::Constant/requires">Reverse dependencies</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=Attribute%3A%3AConstant">CPAN Testers List</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cpandeps.grinnz.com/?dist=Data-Lock">Dependency graph</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-header">Permalinks</li> <li> <a href="/release/DANKOGAI/Data-Lock-1.03/view/lib/Attribute/Constant.pm">This version</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pod/Attribute::Constant">Latest version</a> </li> <li> <div class="plussers"> <div class="nav-header">++ed by:</div> <div> <a class="display-all" href="/author/PAWAPAWA"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/96d37e9730b6fe228338ce866c103daa?d=identicon&s=20" title="PAWAPAWA" alt="PAWAPAWA"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/PERLANCAR"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/c66c9e215cc2342796cd87ca82d044a8?d=identicon&s=20" title="PERLANCAR" alt="PERLANCAR"></a> <a class="display-all" href="/author/KFLY"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/57897625d36ae2b363cc42f05132fce9?d=identicon&s=20" title="KFLY" alt="KFLY"></a> </div>  <div> <a href="/dist/Data-Lock/plussers">3 PAUSE users</a> </div> <div> 2 non-PAUSE users </div> </div> </li> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="content-navigation"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <span> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g a" rel="author" href="/author/DANKOGAI" class="author-name">Dan Kogai</a> </span> <span> / </span> <div class="release dist-release status-latest maturity-released"> <span class="dropdown"><b class="caret"></b></span> <select class="select-navigator "> <option selected value="/release/DANKOGAI/Data-Lock-1.03/view/lib/Attribute/Constant.pm" >1.03 (DANKOGAI on 2014-03-07)</option> <option value="/release/DANKOGAI/Data-Lock-1.02/view/lib/Attribute/Constant.pm" >1.02 (DANKOGAI on 2013-05-13)</option> <option value="/release/DANKOGAI/Data-Lock-1.01/view/lib/Attribute/Constant.pm" >1.01 (DANKOGAI on 2013-04-03)</option> <optgroup label="BackPAN">' <option value="/release/DANKOGAI/Data-Lock-1.00/view/lib/Attribute/Constant.pm" >1.00 (DANKOGAI on 2013-04-03)</option> </optgroup> </select> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g d" class="release-name" href="/dist/Data-Lock">Data-Lock-1.03</a> </div> <span class="river-gauge-gauge"> <svg width="24px" height="15px" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g> <title> River stage two 
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 • 12 total dependents </title> <rect x="0" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="5" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" /> <rect x="10" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="15" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="20" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> </g> </svg> </span> <div id="Data-Lock-fav" class="show-logged-in"> <form action="/account/favorite/add" style="display: inline" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="remove" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name="release" value="Data-Lock-1.03"> <input type="hidden" name="author" value="DANKOGAI"> <input type="hidden" name="distribution" value="Data-Lock"> <button type="submit" class="favorite highlight"><span>5</span> ++</button> </form> </div> <div class="show-logged-out"> <button class="fav-not-logged-in favorite highlight"><span>5</span> ++</button> </div> / <span>Attribute::Constant</span> </div> </div> <main class="content"> <nav class="toc"> <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div> <ul> <li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> <li><a href="#VERSION">VERSION</a></li> <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li> <li><a href="#ATTRIBUTES">ATTRIBUTES</a></li> <li><a href="#CAVEAT">CAVEAT</a> <ul> <li><a href="#Multi-line-attributes">Multi-line attributes</a></li> <li><a href="#Constants-from-Variables">Constants from Variables</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li> <li><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li> <li><a href="#BUGS-%26-SUPPORT">BUGS & SUPPORT</a></li> <li><a href="#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></li> <li><a href="#COPYRIGHT-%26-LICENSE">COPYRIGHT & LICENSE</a></li> </ul></nav> <div class="pod anchors"> <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> <p>Attribute::Constant - Make read-only variables via attribute</p> <h1 id="VERSION">VERSION</h1> <p>$Id: Constant.pm,v 1.1 2013/04/03 14:37:57 dankogai Exp $</p> <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1> <pre><code>use Attribute::Constant; my $sv : Constant( $initial_value ); my @av : Constant( @values ); my %hv : Constant( key => value, key => value, ...);</code></pre> <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> <p>This module uses <a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a> to make the variable read-only. Check the document and source of <a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a> for its mechanism.</p> <h1 id="ATTRIBUTES">ATTRIBUTES</h1> <p>This module adds only one attribute, <code>Constant</code>. You give its initial value as shown. Unlike <a href="/pod/Readonly">Readonly</a>, parantheses cannot be ommited but it is semantically more elegant and thanks to <a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a>, it imposes almost no performance penalty.</p> <h1 id="CAVEAT">CAVEAT</h1> <h2 id="Multi-line-attributes"><a id="Multi"></a>Multi-line attributes</h2> <p>Multi-line attributes are not allowed in Perl 5.8.x.</p> <pre><code>my $o : Constant(Foo->new(one=>1,two=>2,three=>3)); # ok my $p : Constant(Bar->new( one =>1, two =>2, three =>3 ) ); # needs Perl 5.10</code></pre> <p>In which case you can use <a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a> instead:</p> <pre><code>dlock(my $p = Bar->new( one => 1, two => 2, three => 3 ) );</code></pre> <p>After all, this module is a wrapper to <a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a>;</p> <h2 id="Constants-from-Variables"><a id="Constants"></a>Constants from Variables</h2> <p>You may be surprised the following code <b>DOES NOT</b> work as you expected:</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; use Attribute::Constant; use Data::Dumper; { package MyClass; sub new { my ( $class, %params ) = @_; return bless \%params, $class; } } my $o = MyClass->new( a => 1, b => 2 ); my $x : Constant($o); print Dumper( $o, $x );</code></pre> <p>Which outputs:</p> <pre><code>$VAR1 = bless( { 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 }, 'MyClass' ); $VAR2 = undef;</code></pre> <p>Why? Because <code> $x : Constant($o) </code> happens <b>before</b> <code>$o = Myclass->new()</code>.</p> <p>On the other hand, the following works.</p> <pre><code>my $y : Constant(MyClass->new(a => 1,b => 2)); print Dumper( $o, $y );</code></pre> <p>Rule of the thumb is do not feed variables to constant because varialbes change after the attribute invocation.</p> <p>Or simply use <code>Data::Lock::dlock</code>.</p> <pre><code>use Data::Lock qw/dlock/; dlock my $z = $o; print Dumper( $o, $y );</code></pre> <h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1> <p><a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a>, <a href="/pod/constant">constant</a></p> <h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1> <p>Dan Kogai, <code><dankogai+cpan at gmail.com></code></p> <h1 id="BUGS-&-SUPPORT"><a id="BUGS"></a><a id="BUGS-SUPPORT"></a>BUGS & SUPPORT</h1> <p>See <a href="/pod/Data::Lock">Data::Lock</a>.</p> <h1 id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</h1> <p><a href="/pod/Readonly">Readonly</a></p> <h1 id="COPYRIGHT-&-LICENSE"><a id="COPYRIGHT"></a><a id="COPYRIGHT-LICENSE"></a>COPYRIGHT & LICENSE</h1> <p>Copyright 2008-2013 Dan Kogai, all rights reserved.</p> <p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</p></div> <div id="metacpan_install-instructions-dialog" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Module Install Instructions</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>To install Data::Lock, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.</p> <p><a href="/dist/App-cpanminus/view/bin/cpanm">cpanm</a></p> <pre><code>cpanm Data::Lock</code></pre> <p><a href="/pod/CPAN">CPAN shell</a></p> <pre><code>perl -MCPAN -e shell install Data::Lock</code></pre> <p>For more information on module installation, please visit <a href="https://www.cpan.org/modules/INSTALL.html">the 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Attribute::Constant - Make read-only variables via attribute - metacpan.org